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Flexibility is often cited as a desirable key characteristic of modern production systems. In ultra-flexible production, machinery and layouts are in a constant state of adaptation to accommodate changing orders, varying products, or evolving conditions. Cyber-physical integration has been proposed as a potential approach to increasing system flexibility with Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) and Digital Twins (DT) as central concepts. While numerous architectures, frameworks and approaches have been proposed for CPPS and DT development, further research is motivated regarding the development of a requirement-based framework that links together the high-level system property of flexibility and lower-level system components, enabling the analysis, prescription and comparison of systems. Such a framework could enable manufacturers to continuously evaluate and improve manufacturing systems' flexibility as well as make informed design decisions. Ultimately enhancing system flexibility and responsiveness to changing production conditions. This study aims to initiate the development and formulation of such a requirements-based framework linking flexibility and lower-level system components. Additionally, it seeks to introduce the concept of a”cyber-physical continuum, ” which the study aims to define as a potential quantifiable indicator reflecting flexibility within production systems. This is achieved by leveraging prior CPPS research based on high-level system requirements. These requirements were expanded by branching each requirement into lower-level components creating a more granular scope and providing a finer lens for analysis and assessment. The framework was then applied to assess a high-mix, low-volume manufacturing scenario. Application of the preliminary framework in the case study indicates its potential utility in providing a useful view of the cyber-physical content of a system. Moreover, it serves as a valuable guide for pinpointing areas for impr, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)Correspondence Address: L. Ribeiro; Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping University - Campus Valla, Linköping, 58183, Sweden; email: luis.ribeiro@liu.se

The rapid development of new technologies such as electrification, autonomy, and other contextual factors pose significant challenges to development teams in balancing competing aspects while developing value-robust solutions. One approach for achieving value robustness is designing for changeability. This paper presents a tradespace exploration from a Systems-of-Systems perspective to facilitate changeability assessment during early design stages. The approach is further demonstrated on a fleet of haulers operating in a mining site. © 2024 Proceedings of the Design Society. All rights reserved.

The IEC 61850 standard has driven the development of power systems Protection, Automation, and Control Systems (PACS) over the past years. Although it is well-known for its communication protocols, several concepts and features are underused. This paper presents a new engineering and validation methodology applying the IEC61850 standards concepts to optimize the project life cycle by standardizing and enhancing engineering and testing. An electrical specification has been defined according to the IEC 61850 data modeling, reducing misinterpretations at the specification and configuration stage. The proposed top-down configuration approach establishes a user’s profile and product naming to eliminate the vendor’s dependability. The validations were performed using modern commercial tools. The results show that the proposed methodology makes it possible to have a reliable engineering process where the output of the previous stage provides all required information is independent of the next one. The project naming approach makes it possible to validate the system integration based on the agnostic system specification files in an early project stage. Thus, the protection devices and supervision systems can be validated independently, reducing integration issues in the later stages without affecting interoperability and making it possible to achieve interchangeability.

Despite the growing number of educational CubeSat projects, there is a lack of available literature related to analysis of good practices and lessons learned associated with learning environment of such university student projects, their internal organisational, and management issues. Difficulties arise when international standards, procedures and practices from professional satellite development projects must be adopted by student teams to their local projects. This paper discusses educational, organisational, and human factors that contribute to the success of the master student space projects at Luleå University of Technology, Kiruna Space Campus. The authors focus on project structure, management, working, and learning environment of the ongoing student CubeSat project APTAS and analyse problems and difficulties encountered in relation to the other actual student space projects at LTU. The result of quantitative and qualitative analysis of questionnaires, interviews, reflections and observations of the national and international master students is presented, and provides practical advice for university student teams and their supervisors., Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-08-07 (hanlid)

Container terminals are complex systems where containerized cargo undergoes a set of processing and handling operations to be delivered to their outgoing modes. A pool of decision support methods and simulation models has been developed to assist planners and managers in making decisions about daily operations. Nevertheless, most are designed for a particular terminal and not generic types. Indeed, a generic model serves as a conceptual factory to create specific models which greatly reduces the time and efforts of development; however, building such a model is no mean feat. To this aim, the paper on hand discusses the complexity of applying genericity, flexibility, and modularity in system modeling and proposes a generic architecture to build modular and flexible simulation models for container terminals. This architecture is split into a set of smaller, manageable, well-connected, and generic modules that facilitate the creation of highly parametrized specific models. An illustrative example of the architecture usage is presented in a case study, the new container terminal of Stockholm, and the resulting models were validated by subject matter experts. Finally, to prove its efficiency, a numerical study fed with real data is conducted to investigate the handling capacity of the studied system under different handling and flow scenarios. The obtained results show that the terminal handling capacity can be increased by around 50% if three to four more straddle carriers are added to the existing fleet., QC 20230720

This thesis focuses on addressing the challenge of managing the climate impact of system engineering projects within a large global industrial company. The research design is a case study within the selected company, and it integrates qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a holistic understanding of environmental challenges. The principal objective is to provide direction on efficient management of system engineering projects’ environmental footprint delivered by large global industrial companies. This is achieved by quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and identifying critical factors that significantly influence environmental outcomes. Based on the results together with the qualitative results from the interviews, effective countermeasures have been developed to reach set science-based emission reduction targets aligned with the Paris Agreement. The research has contributed to a better understanding of the climate impact of system engineering projects, provided guidance on measuring their environmental impact and offered strategies for reducing GHG emissions to mitigate climate change risks. The thesis further delves into various relevant concepts, including system engineering, science-based emission reduction targets, carbon footprint analysis, motivators and barriers for greenhouse gas emissions reductions and the decarbonization of system engineering projects. The research underscores the importance of user-friendly calculations of CO2e emissions aligned with ISO standards. It also emphasizes the necessity of addressing emissions throughout the value chain and optimizing key components for achieving successful outcomes. Furthermore, standardization and incorporating environmental considerations during the design phases are highlighted as important aspects supporting science-based emission reduction targets. To conclude, this research aims to provide valuable insights into effectively managing the climate impact of system engineering projects in

Autonomous vehicle solutions (AVS) are regarded as a major enabling technology to support the realization of 'total site solutions' in the construction equipment industry. Their full-scale deployment is hindered today by the need to test autonomous driving capabilities against the varying conditions an AVS is expected to be exposed to during its lifetime. Therefore, using virtual simulation environments is common to overcome the cost and time limitations of physical testing. A caveat in this virtual verification and validation (V&V) work is how to trade off the 'realism' of the V&V output (using high-fidelity models across many scenarios) against computational time. This research investigates expectations and needs for value-driven decision support in the virtual V&V process, proposing an approach and a tool to raise awareness among decision-makers about the value associated with using selected simulation models/components in the virtual verification and validation task for AVS. Verification activities performed on the initial prototype show that its main benefit lies in facilitating cross-domain negotiations and knowledge sharing when negotiating the desired features of the virtual simulation environment. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press., VaVim

The paper presents an approach where the iterative replication of Discrete Event Simulations on future operational scenarios is used to derive data-driven design merit functions. The presented contribution proposes an extension of the EVOKE (Early Value Oriented Design Exploration with Knowledge Maturity) approach determining when and how the experience-based judgment about maximization, minimization, optimization, and avoidance functions, correlating value drivers and quantified objectives, can be substituted by data-driven mathematical functions obtained by scenarios simulations. The approach is described through a simplified case concerning the development of autonomous electric vehicles to complement the public transport system in the city of Karlskrona in Sweden. The consideration of value drivers and quantified objectives presented is meant to support a preliminary screening of potential design configurations to support the definition of high-level product and system-related functional requirements, to be run before a more detailed conceptual design analysis. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press., TRUST-SOS

This thesis focuses on the critical development of friction and blended braking capabilities for an electric driveline model intended for multiscale road-cargo simulations. In the rapidly evolving landscape of transportation, electric driveline technology has emerged as a key player in achieving sustainability and efficiency goals. This study addresses the pivotal aspect of braking performance within this context, aiming to optimize energy utilization and enhance road safety. Using a systems engineering approach, MATLAB, and Simulink, the work in this thesis focused on the construction of a comprehensive model of a Volvo FH truck with friction/blended braking and an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS). The model underwent rigorous validation against the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and subsequent simulation under NEDC, US06, WLTC3 driving cycles. The primary objective was to assess the impact of activating or deactivating the blended control system on the State of Charge (SOC) and energy consumption. Through iterative refinement, the model's energy consumption per kilometer closely approximated actual FH truck test values. Activating the blended control system consistently led to reduced energy consumption across all driving cycles, underscoring its potential to enhance sustainable and safe transportation solutions. Importantly, the ABS system functioned effectively throughout the simulations, ensuring vehicle safety, while the model maintained a consistent output speed aligned with the input speed. This abstract summarizes the research's focus, methodology, and key findings, highlighting the successful development and validation of a Volvo FH truck model with friction/blended braking and ABS systems. The results underscore the blended control system's capacity to improve energy efficiency, contributing to the pursuit of sustainable and efficient transportation solutions in the evolving landscape of electric driveline technology., Detta examensarbete fokuserar på utvecklingen av en elektrisk drivlinemodell som inkluderar mixning av konventionell friktionsbromssystem och den elektriska drivlinans moment under regenerering. Modellen är avsedd för multiskaliga väg-och godstransportsimuleringar. I den snabbt föränderliga transportsektorn är elektrisk drivlineteknologi en viktig del för att uppnå hållbarhets- och effektivitetsmål. Detta arbete behandlar den avgörande aspekten av bromsprestanda i detta sammanhang och har som mål att optimera energianvändningen och kontrollera vägsäkerheten. Genom att använda s.k. systems engineering-metodik, MATLAB och Simulink, utvecklades en dynamisk modell av en Volvo FH-lastbil med friktions-/mixad bromsning och system för låsningsfria bromsar (ABS). Modellen genomgick en rigorös validering mot New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) och efterföljande simuleringar enligt NEDC, US06 och WLTC3-körcykler. Det primära målet var att bedöma effekten av att aktivera eller inaktivera det mixade kontrollsystemet på laddningsnivå (SOC) och energiförbrukning. Genom iterativ förbättring approximerade modellen energiförbrukningen per kilometer nära de faktiska provvärdena för FH-lastbilar. Aktivering av det blandade kontrollsystemet ledde konsekvent till minskad energiförbrukning för alla körcykler och underströk dess potential att förbättra hållbara och säkra transportsystem. Det är viktigt att notera att ABS-systemet fungerade effektivt genom alla simuleringar och säkerställde fordonssäkerheten, samtidigt som modellen beräknade en hastighet i linje med körcykelns specificerade hastigheten. Denna sammanfattning sammanfattar forskningens fokus, metodik och huvudsakliga resultat och lyfter fram den framgångsrika utvecklingen och valideringen av en Volvo FH-lastbilsmodell med friktions-/mixad bromsning och ABS-system. Resultaten understryker det blandade kontrollsystemets förmåga att förbättra energieffektiviteten och bidra till strävan efter hållbara och effektiva transportsystem

© 2014 SPIE. Conference on Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy (VI. 2014. Montreal, Canada)., MEGARA (Multi-Espectrografo en GTC de Alta Resolucion para Astronomia) is a facility instrument of the 10.4m GTC (La Palma, Spain) working at optical wavelengths that provides both Integral-Field Unit (IFU) and Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS) capabilities at resolutions in the range R= 6,000-20,000. The MEGARA focal plane subsystems are located at one of the GTC focal stations, while the MEGARA refractive VPH based spectrograph is located at one of the Nasmyth platforms. The fiber bundles conduct the light from the focal plane subsystems to the pseudo-slits at the entrance of the spectrograph. The project is an initiative led by Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain) in collaboration with INAOE (Mexico), IAA-CSIC (Spain) and Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (Spain) and is developed under contract with GRANTECAN. The project is carried out by a multidisciplinary and geographically distributed team, which includes the in-kind contributions of the project partners and personnel from several private companies. The MEGARA system-engineering plan has been tailored to the project and is being applied to ensure the technical control of the project in order to finally meet the science high-level requirements and GTC constrains., Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Research about barriers towards green material transition in automotive often points to technical or regulatory barriers. Contrary we emphasize an under-researched inhibitor, namely the underlying innovation assumptions and technical requirements in organizations that define themselves as quality-driven. As sufficiency represents a vital strategy to encounter corporate sustainability, especially Western organizations are forced to rethink their “bigger and better innovation ideologies”. Thus, our research shows that overly high and complex technical requirements that may not be relevant for a specific use case represent a serious barrier for the implementation of often inferior secondary polymer materials. We address the emerging challenges through the theoretical lens of frugal engineering that offers a promising contribution to corporate sustainability due to its focus on core functionalities and optimized performance levels. Using a mixed-method expert interview study as part of an ongoing action research project within a leading German automotive OEM we develop a system-oriented approach for sustainable and frugal engineered polymer materials. The method will support engineers and product developers to overcome overengineering and mitigate requirement-based inhibitors of life cycle engineering. Future research should examine the discussed barrier in other industries and substantiate the applicability of our proposed method with further case studies.

Novel cell therapies have shifted the paradigm for treating previously intractable diseases, yet scalability of the complex manufacturing processes seems elusive as an enabler for broader accessibility. This thesis uniquely applies the Five Competitive Forces framework to a nascent immunotherapy industry through which a greater understanding of the collaborative underpinnings is evident. Experts within the cell and gene therapy industry are the key sources of primary data, facilitating the measurement and ranking of the five forces that define competition in this field for the first time.

In every portion of a product’s life cycle, system failures can occur. The DOD and defense contractors use failure analysis methods such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), which have successfully reduced maintenance downtime and lowered life cycle costs as a result of reducing failures during system operations. However, challenges can hinder the effectiveness of failure analysis and have not been fully addressed due to limitations of current failure analysis and root cause analysis methods. This thesis addresses two of the challenges: (1) incorrectly classified system failures and (2) lack of failure traceability in the system life cycle. A methodology is proposed that incorporates some elements of both FMEA and FTA into a digital twin (DT) by employing the MBSE tool Magic Systems of Systems Architecture (MSOSA) to aid in failure analysis. An MBSE model simulation using an example of an engine is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the methodology. The results are shown in terms of system operational availability. This research concludes that the approach has potential in emulating the real system’s behavior and can offer a more accurate estimated result. However, due to semantic errors in modeling in MSOSA, the model was unable to generate accurate results as intended. The model’s semantic errors must be addressed before it can be validated by comparing the results from MBSE model and the corresponding real-world system., Civilian, ST Engineering Land Systems Ltd, Singapore, Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Currently, the road cargo system with low or zero CO2 emission is under rapid development. Heavy-duty trucks with electrified driveline systems will be the workhorse of future freight. But developing such a brand new and very complex system and adapting it to various application scenarios, such as long-haul freight, city distribution or construction loading, is still a big problem, because there is no previous experience to refer to. There is no standard development procedure or constraint framework for uncertainty either. Simulation on a massive scale with thousands of truck agents will be of great use for developing such a road-cargo system. System engineering will be the guiding methodology for this thesis project about developing a high-performance and multi-adaptive electrified driveline system. Referring to the classical V-shape development methodology, the complex concept will be divided into different levels of subsystems, from the large application scenarios to traffic simulation, driveline system simulation, electric motor and controller blocks development, and the system integration, performance verification and output of the results. The massive scale of traffic simulation will be implemented in AnyLogic, which does not contain any accurate agent model with vehicle dynamic motion during simulation. Thus, a precise vehicle agent model needs to be developed and embedded into AnyLogic’s simulation scenario, so as to make the simulation very close to reality, and to be able to evaluate vehicle concepts as well. The driveline system will be developed in Matlab/Simulink while the information communication between them will be realised in the form of computational calculation functions through the C language program. The development of the driveline model is also progressive. First, an equation-based full glider model was constructed. It simulates the scenario of a heavy-loaded truck driving on a steep slope (30% grade), decelerating from the initial 70 km/h to, Utveckling av godstrafiksystem på väg med låga eller noll CO2-utsläpp är under snabb utveckling. Tunga lastbilar med elektrifierade drivlinesystem kommer förmodligen att vara dominerande i framtiden för vägfrakt. Att utveckla ett helt nytt system med hög teknisk komplexitet och anpassning till olika tillämpningsscenarier, som fjärrtransport, distribution eller bygg och anläggning, är en stor utmaning på grund av kritiska begränsningar i exempelvis erfarenhet. Det finns heller ingen etablerad utvecklingsmetodik baserad på tidigare erfarenhet eller ramverk för att hantera osäkerheter. Simuleringar med tusentals lastbilsagenter kan vara till stor nytta och stöd för att utveckla lastbilssystem. Systemteknik kommer att vara den vägledande metodiken för detta examensarbete för att utveckla ett avancerat och multiadaptivt elektrifierat drivlinesystem. Med hjälp av den klassiska "V"-utvecklingsmetodiken kommer drivlinemodellen delas in i olika nivåer av delsystem utifrån de tidigare nämnda olika tillämpnings-scenarierna för trafiksimulering för att sedan utföra simulering av komplett drivlinesystem, utveckling av elmotor och reglersystem till systemintegration, prestandaverifiering och analys av resultat. Trafiksimulering är tänkt att implementeras i AnyLogic, som inte innehåller någon modell baserad på fordonsdynamik där drivlineegenskaper beaktas. Därför måste en specifk fordonsdynamikmodell utvecklas för fordonsagenten och bäddas in i AnyLogics simuleringsscenario för att göra simuleringen närmre verkligheten. Drivlinesystemet har utvecklats i Matlab/Simulink för att sedan realiseras i form av beräkningsfunktioner i C. Utvecklingen av drivlinemodellen görs iterativt. Först konstruerades en ekvationsbaserad full s.k. glidermodell. Den simulerar scenariot för en tung lastad lastbil som kör i en brant sluttning (30\% lutning), bromsar in från de ursprungliga 70 km/h till 0 km/h och förblir stillastående. I den andra modellen lades till gränssnitt för agentens begynnelsevärd

Sustainability has shifted from strategically important to business critical for several manufacturing industries. This paper introduces an implementation framework to increase the capabilities in companies to design, develop and offer sustainable product- and production solutions in line with new regulatory strategies and plans. Based on a questionnaire survey, conducted in ten different product development companies representing different industrial sectors, the status and needs of sustainable product development were captured. Further on, a better understanding of the capabilities for a forthcoming digital sustainable product development support, were identified in an action research-based approach with three industrial companies. This paper presents the rational of a digital sustainable product development support, in relation to global sustainability goals and societal dimensions of sustainability transitions. The main results from the questionnaire presents the challenges and needs of capabilities for product developers and design engineers to develop more sustainable solutions in a resource efficient way. The action-based research with the three industrial manufacturing partners resulted in a set of common key activities and detailed requirements for a digital sustainable product development support. Finally, the paper describes a first prototype of a digital platform, i.e. Digital Sustainability Implementation Package-DSIP, and discusses future work. © Proceedings of NordDesign 2022: How Product and Manufacturing Design Enable Sustainable Companies and Societies., open access

Management of Technology (MoT)

The advent of complex Cyber–Physical Systems (CPSs) creates the need for more efficient engineering processes. Recently, DevOps promoted the idea of considering a closer continuous integration between system development (including its design) and operational deployment. Despite their use being still currently limited, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are suitable candidates for improving such system engineering activities (cf. AIOps). In this context, AIDOaRT is a large European collaborative project that aims at providing AI-augmented automation capabilities to better support the modeling, coding, testing, monitoring, and continuous development of CPSs. The project proposes to combine Model Driven Engineering principles and techniques with AI-enhanced methods and tools for engineering more trustable CPSs. The resulting framework will (1) enable the dynamic observation and analysis of system data collected at both runtime and design time and (2) provide dedicated AI-augmented solutions that will then be validated in concrete industrial cases. This paper describes the main research objectives and underlying paradigms of the AIDOaRt project. It also introduces the conceptual architecture and proposed approach of the AIDOaRt overall solution. Finally, it reports on the actual project practices and discusses the current results and future plans.

The 2010's have seen many changes happening in the launcher world: private players have emerged increasing competition for the traditional launch operators and the development of reusable launcher allowing a decrease in launch cost. The satellite market has also evolved with the appearance of nano-satellites and the development of satellite constellations. ArianeWorks is a joint initiative between CNES and ArianeGroup aiming at accelerating European innovation in the launcher field. Within this framework, Themis, a reusable first stage demonstrator, is currently built and tested. This thesis presents the evaluation of a mini-launcher that would use a derivative of Themis as a first stage. To do so, a set of software tools has been developed and evaluated. These tools make it possible to evaluate various launcher architectures, and to carry out system loops in order to refine the design choices and associated performances. The first results of design and performance from the tools are also presented., Under 2010-talet har många förändringar skett i bärraketvärlden: privata aktörer har dykt upp och ökad konkurrensen för de traditionella operatörerna. Utvecklingen av återanvändbara bärraketer möjliggör en minskning av uppskjutningskostnaden. Satellitmarknaden har också utvecklats med uppkomsten av nanosatelliter och utvecklingen av satellitkonstellationer. ArianeWorks är ett gemensamt initiativ mellan CNES och ArianeGroup som syftar till att påskynda europeisk innovation inom bärraketområdet. Inom detta ramverk byggs och testas för närvarande Themis, en återanvändbar demonstrator för ett första raketsteg. Den här uppsatsen presenterar utvärderingen av en ministartare som använder en del av Themis. Inom detta arbetet har en uppsättning mjukvaruverktyg utvecklats och utvärderats. Dessa verktyg gör det möjligt att utvärdera olika bärraketutformningar och utföra systemloopar för att förfina utformningsval och tillhörande prestanda. De första resultaten av utformningen och prestandan presenteras.

There is a rapid development within the unmanned aerial systems (UAS) technologies and the logistics industry leads the research, motivated by potential future profits when used for last-mile deliveries. The military have used unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for many decades, but the military usage of UAVs for deliveries is almost unheard of. The main purpose of the study is to theoretically evaluate if existing payload carrying UAVs could increase the Swedish defence-logistics organizations capabilities. This study is delimited to tactical deliveries and UAVs with a maximal takeoff weight of less than 250 kg. This study begins by investigating the Swedish Armed Forces logistical needs and the capabilities of the existing UAVs. It then performs a research overview in the subject to be updated on the latest insights which are complemented by discussions with expertise in the subject. The theory utilized are Systems Science, Systems Engineering and Military Capability which lay ground to the Military Utility concept which is developed to evaluate the value of military systems to support decision-makers when acquiring new complex systems. To evaluate the military logistics performance, Mosh Kress book Operational logistics was used. The research is split into three phases, phase one utilizes the insights from the background research to select UAVs to evaluate and to develop three potential scenarios. In phase two the Military Utility evaluation models are developed for each scenario. Phase three evaluates the concept systems performance for the scenarios. The conclusion is that there is circumstantial Military Utility with UAS within the Swedish logistics organization. The potential exists when used for their strengths such as low response time in hard-to-reach areas, and where there is a desire to remove the operators from danger during the transport. Further there is a potential to save operative costs in terms of man-hours, but UAVs are quite vulnerable to electro, Den teknologiska utvecklingen inom obemannade flygande system (UAS) går snabbt framåt. Det är logistikindustrin som leder forskningen motiverade av framtida vinster när tekniken används för sista kilometern-transporter. Militären har använt obemannade flygande fordon (UAV) i flera decennier, men inte för materielleveranser i någon betydande utsträckning. Det huvudsakliga syftet med den här studien är att teoretiskt utvärdera om befintliga transport UAV:er kan öka den svenska försvarslogistiska förmågan. Studien är avgränsad till taktiska leveranser med UAV:er som har en maximal startvikt på 250 kg. Studien börjar med att undersöka de svenska försvarslogistiska behoven samt förmågorna av existerande UAV:er. Den genomför sedan en forskningsöversikt i ämnet för att uppdateras om de senaste insikterna som även kompletteras av diskussioner med experter i ämnet. Teorin som används är Systemteori, Systemteknik och Militär förmåga som lägger grunden för det Militär Nytta-konceptet. Konceptet är utvecklat för att utvärdera värdet av militära system och förse beslutstagare med stöd vid anskaffande av nya komplexa system. För att utvärdera den militära logistikprestandan används Mosh Kress bok Operational Logistics. Genomförandet delas upp i tre faser. I fas ett används insikterna från initiala undersökningen för att välja ut UAV:er att utvärdera samt utvecklas tre potentiella scenarier. I fas två utvecklas Militära Nytta utvärderingsmodellerna för vartdera scenario. I fas tre utvärderas systemkonceptens prestanda i scenarierna. Slutsatsen är att Militär Nytta med UAS finns till varierande grad beroende på omständigheterna. Potentialen för tekniken finns främst när den används för sina styrkor till exempel vid behov av snabba leveranser till svåråtkomliga platser, samt när det finns ett behov att få bort förare från farliga platser. Vidare så finns det potential att spara operativa kostnader genom reducering av man-timmar, men UAV:er är ganska sårbara till elektroniska störnin

Includes Supplementary Material, Existing military microgrid analysis tools lack an integrated system analysis process to fully assess energy resilience and microgrid cost. This capstone describes the development of a common streamlined tool and methodology to improve the ability to assess energy resilience for military microgrids using event scenarios including deliberate attacks and natural disasters. The resilience metric used in this report, defined as the expected lifecycle mission impact (ELMI), quantifies microgrid resilience in terms of the microgrid’s ability to minimize mission impact against all potential threats to power disruption. The tool considers a realistic set of scenarios that could disrupt power allowing users to compare distributed energy resource (DER) changes against a single microgrid architecture to determine the best balance between cost and resilience. Users can configure the tool to allow for change in microgrid load or updates to equipment costs. A supplemental user's guide provides a thorough walkthrough of the tool, and a supplemental case study demonstrates the tool functionality by analyzing an existing naval installation microgrid., Outstanding Thesis, Lieutenant, United States Navy, Civilian, Department of the Navy, Civilian, Department of the Navy, Civilian, Department of the Navy, Civilian, Department of the Navy, Civilian, Department of the Navy, Approved for public release. distribution is unlimited

COVID-19 has impacted the DON’s readiness and ability to operate effectively, and this presents a potential security risk to the U.S. population. In order to allow employees to return to their normal working routines and prevent the spread of COVID-19, the DON began to procure and test a Bluetooth-based contact tracing system in 2020. This research explores the privacy considerations of a digital contact tracing system that was being procured by the DON, and it does so by applying the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Privacy Framework which was released in January 2020. We are not only able to provide recommendations about the privacy of the contact tracing system, but we are also able to assess the privacy framework as a privacy risk management tool. We provide a privacy threat model of the system by analyzing the data path of the contact tracing system. We also apply the NIST Privacy Framework to our model of the system, and we determine that the framework is useful for risk identification but does very little to contribute to assessing the impact or likelihood of privacy risks. The threat modeling also reveals that the DON needs to focus more on disassociability of data sets when considering the privacy risks of the contact tracing system, and we recommend that the DON begin conducting privacy testing on systems that collect PII. Finally, we recommend combining the NIST Cybersecurity and Privacy Frameworks in order to streamline the assessment process., Outstanding Thesis, Lieutenant, United States Navy, Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Multi-Objective and Many-objective Optimization problems have been extensively solved through evolutionary algorithms over a few decades. Despite the fact that NSGA-II and NSGA-III are frequently employed as a reference for a comparative evaluation of new evolutionary algorithms, the latter is proprietary. In this paper, we used the basic framework of the NSGA-II, which is very similar to the NSGA-III, with significant changes in its selection operator. We took the first front generated at the non-dominating sort procedure to obtain nonnegative and nonrepeated extreme points. This opensource version of the NSGA-III is called EF1-NSGA-III, and its implementation does not start from scratch; that would be reinventing the wheel. Instead, we took the NSGA-II code from the authors in the repository of the Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory to extend the EF1-NSGA-III. We then adjusted its selection operator from diversity, based on the crowding distance, to the one found on reference points and preserved its parameters. After that, we continued with the adaptive EF1-NSGA-III (A-EF1-NSGA-III), and the efficient adaptive EF1-NSGA-III (A2-EF1-NSGA-III), while also contributing to explain how to generate different types of reference points. The proposed algorithms resolve optimization problems with constraints of up to 10 objective functions. We tested them on a wide range of benchmark problems, and they showed notable improvements in terms of convergence and diversity by using the Inverted Generational Distance (IGD) and the HyperVolume (HV) performance metrics. The EF1-NSGA-III aims to resolve the power consumption for Centralized Radio Access Networks and the BiObjective Minimum DiameterCost Spanning Tree problems., Los problemas de optimización de varios objetivos se han resuelto ampliamente usando algoritmos evolutivos durante algunas décadas. A pesar de que los algoritmos NSGA-II y NSGA-III se emplean con frecuencia como referencia para evaluar nuevos algoritmos evolutivos, este último es propietario. En este artículo, utilizamos el marco NSGA-II, similar al NSGA-III, con cambios en su operador de selección. Tomamos el primer frente generado por ordenamiento no dominante para obtener puntos extremos no negativos y no repetidos. Esta versión del NSGA-III se llama EF1-NSGA-III, y su implementación no comienza desde cero; eso serıa reinventar la rueda. En lugar de eso, tomamos el código NSGA-II de los autores en el repositorio del Laboratorio de Algoritmos Genéticos Kanpur para extender el EF1-NSGA-III. Luego ajustamos su operador de selección de la diversidad en función de la distancia de hacinamiento al que se encuentra usando los puntos de referencia y preservamos sus parámetros. Después continuamos con el EF1-NSGA-III adaptativo (A-EF1-NSGA-III), y el eficiente adaptativo EF1-NSGA-III (A2-EF1-NSGA-III) contribuyendo en la explicación de cómo generar diferentes tipos de puntos de referencia. Los algoritmos propuestos resuelven problemas de optimización con restricciones de hasta 10 funciones objetivos. Los probamos en una amplia gama de problemas de referencia, y mostraron mejoras notables en términos de convergencia y diversidad utilizando las métricas de rendimiento de Distancia Generacional Invertida (IGD) e Hipervolumen (HV). El EF1-NSGA-III tiene como objetivo resolver el consumo de energía para las redes de acceso de radio centralizado y los problemas del árbol de expansión de diámetro mínimo bi-objetivo.

With the rapid development in the past century, the air transport network has become one of the most important infrastructure networks for both the domestic and global economy. Within an airline, the maintenance area is responsible for planning and executing all preventive actions required to meet safety standards including maintenance tasks, etc. for each aircraft, demanding skilled jobs, e.g., aircraft mechanics, avionics systems experts, electricians, cabin experts. Aircraft maintenance concerns the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO), inspection or modification to retain an aircraft and its aircraft systems, components and structures in an airworthy condition. A variety of strategies are available to guide determination, planning, and execution of appropriate maintenance actions for given capital assets. These include Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM), where the detection of an abnormal condition directly triggers a maintenance task, and predictive maintenance, where the optimal maintenance interval is predicted based on condition, time, usage or loads., Aerospace Transport & Operations

The article provides a general analysis of the current state of information ecosystems that implement the practice of model-based system engineering. It is concluded that the largest players of the PLM-market in the strategy and tactics of development of their products lay support practices model-based system engineering. Implementation of MBSE practices within PLM solutions is considered on the example of Siemens Digital Industries Software’s products.

The article presents the practice of using system methods in the development of a universal four-axle locomotive platform. The work is aimed at developing the optimal design of the frame and bodies of the locomotive, the choice of power and traction components to simplify the design process, reduce development time and reduce the cost of the product. The advantages of applying a systematic approach to working with requirements, determining the necessary functions and forming the structure of the product are described.

The article represents the initial stage of the thesis on a topic of increasing a processing accuracy and reducing operating costs for multi-part manufacturing. Numerical control machines are the objects of investigation. This work is aimed to determine the criteria for the problem of couplings production in multistage production at the enterprise. The analysis of the coupling production system is carried out by the “black box” modeling method. Input and output data of production are also described. A list of criteria for formation of possibilities of products‘ manufacture optimization is received.

Errors made during the requirements collection and analysis phase make it very difficult to maintain the software product and cost the company extra costs. The difficulty of directly collecting requirements from stakeholders is due to inconsistencies between the major stakeholder groups, as well as related factors in the collection of requirements itself, as well as the selected methodology for the process of converting stakeholder requirements into development requirements. As a solution, it is necessary to use a high level of prioritization in order to distinguish among many requirements the necessary for successful implementation of the product, as well as to correctly allocate compliance with the requirements in such a way that each group of stakeholders is satisfied, but at the same time setting the goals of the supersystem more priority than the goals of the subsystem. This article discusses the methodology of system engineering to solve issues related to the identification of possible contradictions of requirements.

The article describes the systems engineering processes, the current problems encountered in the work of a system engineer, the reasons for their occurrence and the goals, functionality of the new system tool “Product Studio”. «Product Studio» is Design Product Quality Assurance System and it aims to simplify the activities of the system engineer, providing the necessary functionality to perform the relevant processes from requirements definition and management, to the formation of architectural and technical solutions.

Tree of Science (ToS) is a web-based tool which uses the network structure of paper citation to identify relevant literature. ToS shows the information in the form of a tree, where the articles located in the roots are the classics, in the trunk are the structural publications, and leaves are the most current papers. It has been found that some results in the leaves can be separated from the tree. Therefore, an algorithm (SAP) is proposed, in order to improve results in the leaves. Two improvements are presented: articles located in the leaves are from the last five years, and they are connected to root and trunk articles through their citations. This improvement facilitates construction of current literature for researchers., Tree of Science (ToS) es una herramienta web que usa la estructura de la red de citaciones para identificar literatura relevante. ToS muestra la información en forma de árbol, donde los artículos localizados en las raíces son los clásicos, en el tronco están las publicaciones estructurales y las hojas son los artículos más recientes. Se ha encontrado que algunos resultados de las hojas pueden ser separados del tema del árbol. Por lo tanto, se propone el algoritmo SAP para mejorar los resultados de las hojas. Se presentan dos mejoras: los artículos localizados en las hojas son de los últimos 5 años, y también, estos están conectados a la raíz y al tronco a través de sus citaciones. Esta mejora facilita la construcción de literatura actual a los investigadores.

District heating is gaining popularity and can serve as an alternative for the use of natural gas to provide heat to residential areas. District heating systems can make use of heat sources that are often locally distracted and would have otherwise been wasted. Data centers could act as low temperature heat sources by recovering residual heat for district heating purposes. However, integration issues arise on various levels. This research aimed to provide insights into how data center waste heat in Amsterdam can be integrated into the district heating network. The district heating concept are explained by investigating the technical, economic, environmental, and institutional concepts. District heating markets of the Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark were compared, based on the type of markets (regulated or deregulated), the pricing structures, the degree of market opening, and the ownership structure. Next, a system engineering approach was developed to find and test opportunities to integrate data center waste heat into the district heating network of Amsterdam. The approach could offer support in the feasibility phase before making development decisions for a district heating network case. The network layered approach that was applied for the case of Amsterdam was used as the starting point for a pilot project in Amsterdam, modeled in the simulation tool EnergyPRO The investigation into possible integration opportunities has resulted in a two-step approach: Creating a theoretical understanding of the district heating system for a specific case, and also looking into a practical case study by using a simulation tool. The decision-making and waste heat integration will simply not be ready in a day. Still, a clear vision of the functionality and interdependencies of all system components support steps towards successful integration., Complex Systems Engineering and Management (CoSEM)

A digital twin is a digital replica of a physical entity to which it is remotely connected. A digital twin can provide a rich representation of the corresponding physical entity and enables sophisticated control for various purposes. Although the concept of the digital twin is largely known, designing digital twins based systems has not yet been fully explored. In practice, digital twins can be applied in different ways leading to different architectural designs. To guide the architecture design process, we provide a pattern-oriented approach for architecting digital twinbased Internet of Things (IoT) systems. To this end, we propose a catalog of digital twin architecture design patterns that can be reused in the broad context of systems engineering. The patterns are described using the well-known documentation template and support the various phases in the systems engineering life cycle process. For illustrating the application of digital twin patterns, we adopt a case study in the agriculture and food domain.

This article is devoted to the description of the «Smart home» system as a whole and its constituent components, the consideration of the principles of building these systems, identification of potential security threats and evaluation of the usefulness for humans. The relevance of researching automation systems, economic benefit from its installation and the possibilities of the system were identified during the study. Three methods of building systems and its differences and features were considered. Various ways of implementing the system (from buying a ready-made solution to the self-build) their advantages and disadvantages, the technical possibilities were described. The attention was paid to the methods of the remote work with the system and emerging security threats., Данная статья посвящена описанию системы «Умный дом» как в целом, так и её составляющих компонентов, а также рассмотрению принципов построения таких систем, выявлению потенциальных угроз безопасности и определению оценки полезности системы для человека. В ходе работы были выявлены: актуальность изучения системы автоматизации, экономическая выгода от её установки, а так же возможности системы. Рассмотрены три метода построения систем, их отличия и особенности. Описаны различные способы реализации системы (от покупки готового решения до самостоятельного построения), их плюсы и минусы, технические возможности. Описаны методы удаленной работы с системой и возникающая при этом угроза безопасности.

Modular analysis is a mean to manage complexity in system design processes in order to achieve competitive advantage. It identifies highly interactive groups of components and/or functions which can potentially form good modules. Modularity has various virtues including deep understanding complex system, making complexity manageable, enabling parallel work and creating options etc. Baldwin and Clark claimed that the principles of modularity apply equally to social and legal institution as well as technologies in their book “Design rules: The power of Modularity”. Among various modular analysis approaches, Design Structure Matrix (DSM) method has proved to be an efficient matrix-based modelling and modularity analysis approach. It is a highly flexible, network modelling method with extensive applications in engineering management and many other fields. DSM has been a subject of research at the Capability Systems Centre in University New South of Wales, Canberra. We attempt to explain DSM methods and demonstrate a range of example applications (e.g. product modularity, multidisciplinary team organization, supply chain outsourcing, task sequencing), addressing a wide variety of problems in different industrial situations.

The master's thesis describes how complexity measurement can enhance product development or design processes in collaboration with Scania CV AB. Scania has a strong track record in vehicle modularization and thus wanted to investigate the possibility of using complexity measures when architecting, developing, and maintaining complex engineering products such as electrified or self-driving trucks and buses to gain various types of benefits. The section YMPI at Scania, where the project is conducted, had, however, little experience in complexity measurements wants to identify and investigate which complexity measure effectively captures the complexity of a complex system. A fairly complicated industrial case of a conceptual Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) variant was utilized to demonstrate the newly proposed complexity metric methodology and demonstrate its ability to determine the technical complexity of a system. As a result, the thesis author found a specific case study at Scania and used appropriate methodologies to determine the complexity of the chosen subsystem using the newly proposed complexity measure. This was done by adapting the DSM (Design Structure Matrix) before clustering it with the IGTA++ clustering algorithm. The proposed complexity metric yields a higher complexity number when compared to the traditional product complexity metric. Another purpose of the thesis was to answer the research questions and conduct a literature review in the field of Model Based System Engineering and product architecting to define the state-of-the-art. The thesis concludes that the newly proposed complexity metric, when implemented on the chosen subsystem, yields a higher complexity number when compared to the number obtained from product complexity, implying that including the directions of an interaction between the components and taking into account the active interacting components improves the accuracy of the complexity measure. Therefore, it is recommended to Sc, I examensarbetet beskrivs hur komplexitetsmätning kan förbättra produktutvecklings- eller designprocesser i samarbete med Scania CV AB. Scania har en stark erfarenhet av fordonsmodularisering och önskade därför undersöka möjligheten att använda komplexitetsmått för arkitektur, utveckling och underhåll av komplexa tekniska produkter som elektrifierade eller självkörande lastbilar och bussar för att få olika typer av fördelar. Sektionen YMPI på Scania, där projektet genomförs, hade dock lite erfarenhet av komplexitetsmått och sökte identifiera och undersöka vilket komplexitetsmått som effektivt fångar komplexiteten hos ett komplext system. Ett ganska komplicerat industriellt fall av en konceptuell variant av ett elektriskt batterifordon (BEV) användes för att demonstrera den nyligen föreslagna metoden för komplexitetsmätning och för att visa dess förmåga att fastställa ett systems tekniska komplexitet. Som ett resultat av detta hittade avhandlingsförfattaren en specifik fallstudie hos Scania och använde lämpliga metoder för att bestämma komplexiteten hos det valda delsystemet med hjälp av det nyligen föreslagna komplexitetsmåttet. Detta gjordes genom att anpassa DSM (Design Structure Matrix) innan den klustrades med klusteralgoritmen IGTA++. Det föreslagna komplexitetsmåttet ger ett högre komplexitetstal jämfört med det traditionella produktkomplexitetsmåttet. Ett annat syfte med avhandlingen var att besvara forskningsfrågorna och genomföra en litteraturstudie inom området modellbaserad systemteknik och produktarkitektur för att definiera den senaste tekniken. I avhandlingen dras slutsatsen att det nyligen föreslagna komplexitetsmåttet, när det tillämpas på det valda delsystemet, ger ett högre komplexitetstal jämfört med det tal som erhålls från produktkomplexitet, vilket innebär att om man inkluderar riktningarna för en interaktion mellan komponenterna och tar hänsyn till de aktiva interagerande komponenterna förbättras komplexitetsmåttets noggrannhet. Därför rekom

This article emphasizes the necessity and importance of system engineering in the field of education. The problems related to education in the field of system engineering and the necessities in the field of education are discussed. Nowadays, many institutions and organizations have developed systems engineering in order to simplify the projects to be carried out in the field of education for it to be high quality and less costly. In order to meet the needs of the public and private sectors, system engineering is very important and the demand towards it in the academic field is increasing day by day. In this context, the necessary changes to be made in the field of education, inputs and outputs to be done, if any, to reach the solution of the problems or to make improvements are among the aims of the system engineering. This research is done to reveal the opinions of teachers and managers and their past experiences in such cases. Pre-test and post-test were applied in the study and the results were evaluated. The field of system engineering is still young and dynamic and will be recognized more and more over time and will be implemented both in organizations and training.

The exploration of small solar system bodies started with fast fly-bys of opportunity on the sidelines of missions to the planets. The tiny new worlds seen turned out to be so intriguing and different from all else (and each other) that dedicated sample-return and in-situ analysis missions were developed and launched. Through these, highly efficient low-thrust propulsion expanded from commercial use into mainstream and flagship science missions, there in combination with gravity assists propulsion. In parallel, the growth of small spacecraft solutions accelerated in numbers as well as individual spacecraft capabilities. The on-going missions OSIRIS-REX (NASA) or HAYABUSA2 (JAXA) with its landers MINERVA-II and MASCOT, and the upcoming NEASCOUT mission are examples of this synergy of trends. The continuation of these and other related devlopments towards a propellant-less and highly efficient class of spacecraft for solar system exploration emerges in the form of small spacecraft solar sails designed for carefree handling and equipped with carried landers and application modules. These address the needs of all asteroid user communities - planetary science, planetary defence, and in-situ resource utilization - as well as other fields of solar system science and applications such as space weather warning and solar observations. Already the DLR-ESTEC GOSSAMER Roadmap for Solar Sailing initiated studies of missions uniquely feasible with solar sails such as Displaced L1 (DL1) space weather advance warning and monitoring and Solar Polar Orbiter (SPO) delivery, which demonstrate the capabilities of near-term solar sails to reach any kind of orbit in the inner solar system. This enables Multiple Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) rendezvous missions (MNR), from Earth-coorbital to extremely inclined and even retrograde target orbits. For these mission types using separable payloads, design concepts can be derived from the separable Boom Sail Deployment Units characteris, Astrodynamics & Space Missions

Storm safety and durability of touristic destinations is of utmost importance in Cuba, considering high stakes regarding life and capital invested in the development of the touristic sector. This twomonth research focuses on one of the largest Caribbean beach tourism hotspots found in Varadero, Cuba. Tourism along the Hicacos peninsula has been on the rise and will continue to do so. The Oasis beach hotel is capitalizing on this trend by building a larger new hotel. However, no characteristic flat white coral beach is present in front of it. Tourist demand is greatly driven by the presence of such a beach. Year-round erosion was verified to be partly caused by a blocking of longshore sediment transport. The local harbour groyne at the eastern beach section was found to be responsible for this but may not be adapted, as it is a necessity for the harbour entrance. Demolition of existing hydraulic structures, construction of a groyne at the westward boundary and sand nourishing are proposed as a zero-solution to ensure sufficient beach width (40 metres) at the 800-metre coastal segment. Durability is not achieved through this zero-solution as the average lifetime between maintenance nourishments is smaller than one year. This result shows that successful development of the Oasis beach sector can only be achieved by considering cross-shore erosion processes as well. An important aspect of the cross-shore transport was expected to be the effect of tropical storms on Oasis beach. To ensure the safety of tourists in storm conditions, an assessment of the infrastructure was required. A multidisciplinary path was chosen to ensure safety of inhabitants, tourists and capital, especially during hurricanes. Flood safety, coastal engineering, transport and infrastructure form the core pillars of the research. Two distinct events were simulated to determine the morphodynamical response of the Oasis beach, namely hurricanes Wilma (2005), Transport, Infrastructure and Logistics

This thesis studies the development of measures of effectiveness (MOE) to determine the level of technology integration for Navy Environmental Sustainability Development to Integration (NESDI) projects, with a focus on identifying significant technology characteristics that can be used to predict the likelihood of integration for future projects. The definition of technology integration in this study comprises the three incremental phases of transition, adoption, and diffusion. Through case study analysis of completed NESDI projects, two approaches were employed to identify significant technology characteristics that seemed to impact the level of technology integration—correlation approach and graphical approach. Multiple linear regression was used to demonstrate how predictive models could be generated for the correlation approach, whereas the graphical approach presented significant characteristics as a success profile in the form of a Venn diagram. The predictive models and success profile aim to assist decision-making on whether resources should be invested in a future project, by predicting the likelihood of technology integration for that project. While the results were limited by time constraints and the availability of suitable case studies for analysis, this study demonstrated the methodology on how technology integration could be measured and predicted using the developed MOEs and significant technology characteristics., NAVFAC EXWC, http://archive.org/details/developingmeasur1094560430, Outstanding Thesis, Air Force, Singapore, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

This four-hour workshop will benefit anyone who is involved in planning or conducting early T&E to de-risk and shape more successful projects. Such participants are likely to have been part of such planning processes before, but this workshop is an opportunity for them to examine a fresh systematic approach and see where their previous processes and personal master test planning skills might be made more robust. Western governments continue to find an unacceptable proportion of projects fail to deliver the capability sought and that inadequate early T&E or trialing is a significant factor in the risks not being determined early enough for them to be mitigated. In a Senate inquiry into Defence procurement (2012, especially Ch. 2 & 12) this was found to be some ten percent of projects by value. A more recent report on broader Australian government public project failings (Shergold Report, 2015) found systemic inability to identify and plan early trialing as part of scoping projects. New Defence T&E policy was implemented in Australia from 2013-14 to systematically plan and conduct de-risk or preview T&E (See Dr Joiner article ITEA Journal Dec 2015). Focused workshops ensure preview T&E is driven by significant technical and operational risk into a program of key confirmatory demonstrations, configuration audits and user trials. Within the U.S. DoD, such early T&E would typically occur during the Technical Maturation and Risk Reduction (TMRR) lifecycle phase and thus would be planned and funded in the Analysis of Alternatives (AOA) phase at Milestone A. The Australian planning technique has now been confirmed in Defence T&E policy updates (2016) and is taught at the leading Defence university in Australia, University of New South Wales Canberra, as part of all postgraduate master programs in system engineering and project management. Workshop participants will be given an overview of the workshop process and use a hypothetical capability requirement to role-play the wo

Rail Control Solutions (RCS) is one division of Bombardier Transportation, aimed at optimising flow of trains. OPTIFLO is a new solution package within RCS, providing services and solutions to address challenges in modern railway infrastructures worldwide. Infrastructure Management (IM) Service is a significant sub-module under OPTIFLO, performing monitoring and diagnostic functionalities for each impacted system or component in railway signalling systems to continuously improve safety, reliability and availability. Requirement management is a significant stage while dealing with engineering problems. In this master thesis project, three modules in railway signalling scope are focused, including system level Infrastructure Management, sub-system level Maintenance and Diagnostic Centre (MDC) and sub-system level Remote Sensor Unit (RSU). For each part, requirement managements have been implemented, referring to CENELEC standards where necessary. The work starts with the draft Requirement Specification for IM and then identify the requirements related to diagnostics and performance in each sub-system. Both links between the requirements in different modules and links between the requirements and their test cases are built from the requirement management tool DOORS to realize verification and validation following the system engineering process. Finally, the standard documentations "System Requirement Specification" for each impacted module that are mostly concerned in the thesis have been released., Rail Control Solutions (RCS) är en del av Bombardier Transportation, som syftar till att optimera flödet av tåg. OPTIFLO är ett nytt programspaket inom RCS, som erbjuder tjänster och lösningar för att hantera utmaningar inom modern järnvägsinfrastruktur världen över. Infrastrucutre Management (IM) Service är en viktig delmodul under OPTIFLO, som utför övervakning och diagnostiska funktioner för varje påverkat system eller komponent i järnvägssignalsystem för att kontinuerligt förbättra säkerhet, tillförlitlighet och tillgänglighet. Kravhantering är ett viktigt steg när man arbetar med tekniska problem. Det här mastersprojektet är inriktat på tre moduler inom järnvägssignalområdet: systemnivå Infrastructure Management, underhållssystem för Maintenance and Diagnostic Centre (MDC) och delsystemnivå Remote Sensor Unit (RSU). För varje del har kravhantering implementerats, med hänvisning till CENELEC-standarder vid behov. Arbetet har utgått från utkast till kravspecifikation för IM och identifierat kraven för diagnostik och prestanda i varje delsystem. Både kopplingar mellan kraven i olika moduler och kopplingar mellan kraven och deras testfall är byggda i systemet DOORS för att realisera verifiering och validering i en systemteknisk process. Slutligen släpps standarddokumentationen "Systemkrav Specifikation" för de moduler som behandlar i detta arbete.

Given the necessity to achieve vertical integration in complex NPD projects, this study offers a perspective on the implication of customers and suppliers involvement under technological uncertainty. The purpose of this work is to use SoSE in order to develop a framework that may support Marine system design in NPD under technological uncertainty. It has been assumed that it is possible to achieve the Pareto optimum with respect to the key variables influencing the success of the NPD process; furthermore, this study will explore the possibility to tackle the goal misalignment between Customer, Suppliers and OEMs interacting in an evolving scenario and to offer a decisional ground for the mitigation of such misalignment. Concluding, the purpose of this study has been expanded by answering three research questions on how Technological uncertainty influences NPD in Marine System Design, what alternative frameworks can be used to structure such designs and how System of Systems Engineering can be used to build such alternatives. The structure of the model built in this report is based on the concepts related to Enterprise System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), Agency Costs and Transaction Costs theories. The analysis is based on a case study where a propulsion system has to be developed in order to meet the incumbent environmental deadline imposed by the Policy maker, while taking into account future adaptations. Basing on the results, the largest misalignments pertain to the Value dimension, where the actors prioritized different features depending on their different positioning of the actors in the value chain, leading to an increase of the Agency costs in the NPD. On the other hand, the possibilities to share the knowledge, to split the costs over the involved parties and to reduce the Transaction costs represent the main advantages perceived from

Sometimes a list of models can be compared using a set of indicators, ordered by the user’s criterion, given that it is known whether the growth of the indicators value affect the user’s interests. This paper proposes a computational algorithm that compares models, assigning them a numerical value that corresponds to the priority given to each model indicator by the user. The proposed algorithm allows to rank the models as other known algorithms do, such as the vector space model; however, it takes into account user comparison priorities. When working with lineal functions, the margin of error in the algorithm calculations is null. The algorithm is validated by the software Ambiens v1.0, whose purpose is to manage the waste control information, showing relevant results in the comparison of models. The algorithm essence is the need to identify the best model of the group, according to the user’s criterion per indicator., En ocasiones se tiene un listado de modelos que se deben comparar mediante un grupo de indicadores, ordenados según el criterio de un usuario, y, dado que se conoce si el crecimiento del valor de los indicadores afectaría o no los intereses del usuario. Se muestra un algoritmo computacional capaz de comparar y asignar un valor numérico a cada modelo, de tal forma que el valor asignado se corresponda con la prioridad establecida por el usuario a cada indicador de los modelos. El algoritmo propuesto permite establecer un ranking entre los modelos, al igual que otros algoritmos conocidos, como el Modelo Espacio Vectorial; sin embargo, este algoritmo considera las prioridades de comparación del usuario. Al trabajar estrictamente con funciones lineales, el margen de errores de cálculo es nulo. El algoritmo ha sido validado por el software Ambiens v1.0 (dedicado a la gestión de residuos) y muestra resultados relevantes en la comparación de modelos. La propuesta cobra su esencia en la necesidad de conocer, de entre un grupo de modelos, el mejor de ellos, según el criterio de usuario por indicadores.

This paper evaluates the most relevant scenarios in which establishing QoS parameters on RF/Li-Fi hybrid networks is necessary. The objective is to determine the improvement possibilities provided by this technology and realistically value its development potential, specifically for services in real time. We reviewed the alternatives in Internet of Things (IoT), applications, load balancing, scenarios of 5th generation, wireless sensors, and security, in addition to simulations and architectures of technology interoperability., Este documento se elaboró para evaluar los escenarios más relevantes en los que es necesario establecer parámetros de QoS sobre redes híbridas RF/Li-Fi, con la intención de determinar las posibilidades de mejora que ofrece esta tecnología y valorar de forma realista el potencial de desarrollo, específicamente, sobre servicios en tiempo real. Se revisan las alternativas en IoT, aplicaciones, balanceo de cargas, escenarios de 5ª generación, sensores wireless y seguridad, además de simulaciones y arquitecturas de interoperabilidad de tecnologías.

Emotion recognition systems from physiological signals are innovative techniques that allow studying the behavior and reaction of an individual when exposed to information that may evoke emotional reactions through multimedia tools, for example, video games. This type of approach is used to identify the behavior of an individual in different fields, such as medicine, education, psychology, etc., in order to assess the effect that the content has on the individual that is interacting with it. This article shows a systematic review of articles that report studies on emotion recognition with physiological signals and video games, between January 2010 and April 2016. We searched in eight databases, and found 15 articles that met the selection criteria. With this systematic review, we found that the use of video games as emotion stimulation tools has become an innovative field of study, due to their potential to involve stories and multimedia tools that can interact directly with the person in fields like rehabilitation. We detected clear examples where video games and physiological signal measurement became an important approach in rehabilitation processes, for example, in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) treatments., Los sistemas de reconocimiento emocional a partir de señales fisiológicas son técnicas innovadoras que permiten estudiar el comportamiento y la reacción de un individuo cuando está expuesto a información que puede evocar reacciones emotivas por medio de herramientas multimedia como, por ejemplo, los videojuegos. Este tipo de enfoque se utiliza para identificar el comportamiento de un individuo en diferentes campos, entre los que están la medicina, la educación y la psicología, entre otros, para evaluar el efecto que tienen los contenidos con los que interactúa. La revisión sistemática que aquí se expone, de artículos que reportan trabajos de reconocimiento emocional con señales fisiológicas y videojuegos entre enero de 2010 y abril de 2016, se realizó con 15 artículos, hallados en ocho bases de datos, los cuales cumplían con los criterios de selección de la búsqueda. Esta revisión sistemática reveló que el uso de videojuegos como herramientas de estimulación emocional se ha convertido en un campo de estudio innovador, debido a su potencial para involucrar historias y herramientas multimedia que pueden interactuar directamente con la persona en campos como la rehabilitación. Se detectaron ejemplos claros donde los videojuegos y la medición de la señal fisiológica se convierten en un enfoque importante para el proceso de rehabilitación, por ejemplo, en los tratamientos de trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT).

Currently, the interest in service-oriented architectures (SOA) has risen due to their structural flexibility, which allows to obtain features such as scalability, fault tolerance, low coupling, and easy integration, among others. In this context, this article presents the implementation of a SOA for tele-operated physical rehabilitation applications; this SOA ensures an effective orchestration of services, adding special functions, such as synchronous tele-operation of machines for physical rehabilitation, in such a way that it can be adapted and implemented by using information and communication technologies (ICT). The implementation of the architecture was validated by means of a test that allowed to analyze the behavior of the web services defined for the application., Actualmente, se ha despertado gran interés por las Arquitecturas Orientadas a Servicios (SOA), dado que ofrecen una flexibilidad estructural que permite obtener escalabilidad, tolerancia a fallos, bajo acoplamiento y fácil integración, entre otras características. En este contexto, este artículo presenta la implementación de una arquitectura con orientación a servicios para aplicaciones de rehabilitación física teleoperada, la cual asegura una efectiva orquestación de los servicios, adicionando funciones especiales, tales como la teleoperación síncrona de máquinas de rehabilitación física, de tal manera que pueda ser adaptada e implementada por medio del uso de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC). La implementación de la arquitectura se valida por medio de una prueba que permite analizar el comportamiento de los servicios web que fueron definidos para esta aplicación.

Developing high-end aerospace components is a complex and highly competitive business. Hence methods for decreasing lead-time, while still providing the same quality and at a lower cost, has to be developed. This thesis is conducted at Research & Technology - GKN Aerospace in Trollhättan Sweden. A multidisciplinary analysis system known internally as Engineering Workbench, forms the base for implementation of the methods and tools developed in this thesis work. The system applies set-based engineering approach to develop new components. The evaluation of the design space is performed through parametric studies to find relations between the design parameters and performance metrics of the design. The engineering workbench allows GKN to define and evaluate a large design space within a limited timeframe. This thesis will look to improve the current producibility assessment system within the EWB by increasing the robustness and flexibility of the system. This is done by re-designing the producibility analysis part system and into a modular knowledge-based system that implements various techniques to increase the robustness and flexibility of the system. The re-designed system is automated, flexible and robust and is able to perform user defined weld assessments on a various designs and provides GKN with weld producibility data.

The Center for Quantum Technologies (CQT), which belongs to the National University of Singapore (NUS) is developing a nanosatellite to host their miniaturized Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) payload called SPEQS. QKD makes it possible to generate encryption keys through the use of strongly correlated photons. This would allow two parties to securely communicate with each other without any possibility of their conversation being hacked. CQT has already demonstrated a QKD free space-link in 2005. The main challenge now lies within the creation of a global QKD network. One possible way to do this is through the use of nanosatellites. As CQT has no experience in designing nanosatellites, a first step towards this goal is to design a satellite which allows the team to test a version of their payload. The main purpose of the thesis work is to present a reliable design for CQT’s first nanosatellite, SpooQySat-1, through the implementation of a systems engineering approach. The requirements as first defined by CQT are revised and redefined through the use of a requirements discovery tree. After the requirements list was complete, an orbit analysis has been carried out to ensure the best suitable orbit was selected for the mission. This, together with the requirements, served as input for the design analysis. A concept of operations has been generated, leading to a realistic power budget that has been compared to the estimated incoming power for various cases. A communication analysis has been carried out taking into account the noisy environment of Singapore. COTS component selection has been carried out for all subsystems. To ensure maximum reliability, a risk analysis has been implemented. Data regarding CubeSat failures has been gathered to inform the risk analysis. The outcome of the risk analysis was a mitigation strategy that allowed a new design iteration to ensure maximum reliability., Space System Engineering, Aerospace Engineering

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is used in a wide range of applications such as remote sensing, space imagery, mineral detection, and exploration. Unfortunately, it is difficult to acquire hyperspectral images with high spatial and spectral resolution due to instrument limitations. The super-resolution techniques are used to reconstruct low-resolution hyperspectral images. However, traditional superresolution (SR) approaches do not allow direct use of both spatial and spectral information, which is a decisive for an optimal reconstruction. This paper proposes a single image SR algorithm for HSI. The algorithm uses the fact that the spatial and spectral information can be integrated to make an accurate estimate of the high-resolution HSI. To achieve this, two types of spatio- pectral downsampling, and a three-dimensional interpolation are proposed in order to increase coherence between the spatial and spectral information. The resulting reconstructions using the proposed method are up to 2 dB better than traditional SR approaches., Las imágenes hiperespectrales (HSI) son de vital importancia en una amplia gama de aplicaciones, tales como la teledetección, imágenes espaciales, la detección y la exploración de minerales. Desafortunadamente, es difícil adquirir HSI de alta resolución espacio-espectral debido a las limitaciones de los equipos de sensado. Para obtener versiones de HSI de alta calidad se usan técnicas tradicionales de superresolución. Éstas técnicas no permiten el uso directo de la información espacial y espectral que son un factor decisivo para una óptima reconstrucción. En este trabajo se propone la implementación de un novedoso algoritmo de superresolución de una sola imagen hiperespectral. El algoritmo integra la información espacial y espectral en las HSI para realizar una estimación precisa de alta resolución. Esta integración se obtiene mediante el uso de dos tipos de muestreo espacio-espectral y un interpolador tridimensional, que permite aumentar la coherencia de la información inherente en la imagen. Las imágenes resultantes son superiores hasta 2 dB comparas con reconstrucciones obtenidas por enfoques tradicionales.