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Rodrigues I.M.S.M.M., Spindola B.F. & Botteon P.T.L. [Biochemical and oxidative profile of horse used for a simulatedbarrel racing.] Perfil bioquímico e oxidativo de cavalos usados em prova simulada de três tambores. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(Supl.2):93-100, 2016. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (Patologia e Ciências Clínicas), Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23851-790, Brasil. E-mail: paulobotteon@gmail.com The barrel racing is characterized as an exercise with predominantly anaerobic metabolism. Aiming to evaluate the activity of serum enzymes creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the enzymatic antioxidant defense through the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and oxidative damage means the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), six horses were used in a barrel racing simulated. Significant differences were observed between the times of collection in the serum activity of the enzyme AST, increasing in 4h after the race, but with normal values in the next 24 hours. The CK activity also showed significant difference compared with the rest, and higher values immediately after exercise and at 4 h after the test. The LDH activity values were higher in 4h after the race but with a significant difference compared to rest. The SOD activity showed no significant difference, as the GPx activity showed higher values in the 24 hours after the race. The MDA values increased significantly immediately after the evidence was showing that lipid peroxidation. Anaerobic exercise promoted an increase of the indicator enzymes of muscle damage and in oxidative stress biomarker., A prova de Três tambores se caracteriza por ser um exercício com metabolismo anaeróbico predominante. Com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade das enzimas séricas creatinaquinase (CK), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH), da defesa antioxidante enzimática através das enzimas glutationa peroxidase (GPx), superóxido dismutase (SOD) e o dano oxidativo por meio da concentração de malondialde- ído (MDA), foram utilizados seis equinos em uma prova dos três tambores simulada. Foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas entre os momentos de coleta na atividade sérica da enzima AST, com aumento nas 4h após a prova, porém com valores normais nas 24h seguintes. A atividade da enzima CK também apresentou diferença significativa comparada com o repouso, apresentando valores mais altos imediatamente após o exercício e nas 4h após a prova. Os valores de atividade de LDH foram significativamente mais altos em relação ao repouso no momento 4h após a prova. A atividade de SOD não apresentou diferença significativa, já a atividade GPx apresentou valores mais altos nas 24h após a prova, Os valores de MDA apresentaram aumento significativo imediatamente após a prova comprovando aumento na taxa de peroxidação lipídica. O exercício anaeróbico promoveu elevação da atividade das enzimas indicadoras de dano muscular e no biomarcador de estresse oxidativo.

Rodrigues I.M.S.M.M., Spindola B.F. & Botteon P.T.L. [Biochemical and oxidative profile of horse used for a simulatedbarrel racing.] Perfil bioquímico e oxidativo de cavalos usados em prova simulada de três tambores. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(Supl.2):93-100, 2016. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (Patologia e Ciências Clínicas), Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23851-790, Brasil. E-mail: paulobotteon@gmail.com The barrel racing is characterized as an exercise with predominantly anaerobic metabolism. Aiming to evaluate the activity of serum enzymes creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the enzymatic antioxidant defense through the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and oxidative damage means the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), six horses were used in a barrel racing simulated. Significant differences were observed between the times of collection in the serum activity of the enzyme AST, increasing in 4h after the race, but with normal values in the next 24 hours. The CK activity also showed significant difference compared with the rest, and higher values immediately after exercise and at 4 h after the test. The LDH activity values were higher in 4h after the race but with a significant difference compared to rest. The SOD activity showed no significant difference, as the GPx activity showed higher values in the 24 hours after the race. The MDA values increased significantly immediately after the evidence was showing that lipid peroxidation. Anaerobic exercise promoted an increase of the indicator enzymes of muscle damage and in oxidative stress biomarker., A prova de Três tambores se caracteriza por ser um exercício com metabolismo anaeróbico predominante. Com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade das enzimas séricas creatinaquinase (CK), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH), da defesa antioxidante enzimática através das enzimas glutationa peroxidase (GPx), superóxido dismutase (SOD) e o dano oxidativo por meio da concentração de malondialde- ído (MDA), foram utilizados seis equinos em uma prova dos três tambores simulada. Foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas entre os momentos de coleta na atividade sérica da enzima AST, com aumento nas 4h após a prova, porém com valores normais nas 24h seguintes. A atividade da enzima CK também apresentou diferença significativa comparada com o repouso, apresentando valores mais altos imediatamente após o exercício e nas 4h após a prova. Os valores de atividade de LDH foram significativamente mais altos em relação ao repouso no momento 4h após a prova. A atividade de SOD não apresentou diferença significativa, já a atividade GPx apresentou valores mais altos nas 24h após a prova, Os valores de MDA apresentaram aumento significativo imediatamente após a prova comprovando aumento na taxa de peroxidação lipídica. O exercício anaeróbico promoveu elevação da atividade das enzimas indicadoras de dano muscular e no biomarcador de estresse oxidativo.

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Lamiceae) is commonly used by the Malaysian for the treatment of many diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of O. stamineus against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was studied. Fourty-two young male SD rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: normal control group, APAP control group, silymarin treated group and four groups receiving methanol extract of O. stamineus in varying dosages. The hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of O. stamineus extract on SD rats was determined by using serum enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the percentage of hepatocytes viability. 2 g/kg of APAP caused a significant liver damage in APAP control group compared to normal control group. However, pretreatment with 500 mg/kg of methanol extract of O. stamineus to rats was significantly reverted all the APAP-induced changes in serum enzymes and the percentage of hepatocytes viability compared to the APAP control group. The results suggest that the use of methanol extract of O. stamineus appeared to be beneficial to rats in preventing the liver damage induced by APAP and may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.

Human paraoxonase (HuPON1) is a serum enzyme that exhibits a broad spectrum of hydrolytic activities including the hydrolysis of various organophosphates esters, and recently identified lactone substrates. Despite intensive site-directed mutagenesis and other biological studies, the structural basis for the specificity of substrate interactions of HuPON1 remains elusive. In this study, we apply homology modeling, docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to probe the binding interactions of HuPON1 with representative substrates. The results suggest that the active site of HuPON1 is characterized by two distinct binding regions: the hydrophobic binding site for arylesters/ lactones, and the paraoxon binding site for phosphotriesters. The unique binding modes proposed for each type of substrate reveal a number of key residues governing substrate specificity. The polymorphic residue R/Q192 interacts with the leaving group of paraoxon, suggesting it plays an important role in the proper positioning of this substrate in the active site. MD simulations of the optimal binding complexes show that residue Y71 undergoes an open-closed conformational change upon ligand binding, and forms strong interactions with substrates. Further binding free energy calculations and residual decomposition give a more refined molecular view of the energetics and origin of HuPON1/ substrate interactions. These studies provide a theoretical model of substrate binding and specificity associated with wild type and mutant forms of HuPON1, which can be applied in the rational design of HuPON1 variants as bioscavengers with enhanced catalytic activity., Published in Proteins, v75 p486-498, 2009. Prepared in collaboration with the Physiology and Immunology Branch, Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.

Three healthy young men participating in phase 1 clinical vaccine trials had unexplained increases in their serum transaminase levels. Retrospective analysis indicated that these volunteers had participated in strenuous physical training 2-5 days prior to the noted elevations. The pattern of serum enzyme elevations, initially thought to be consistent with hepatic injury, were associated with parallel increases in creatine phosphokinase. One individual consented to repeat his exercise regimen. This was followed by a recurrence of the same pattern of increases in serum enzymes, including creatine phosphokinase. Thus, in trials where serum enzymes will be measured, it may be prudent to encourage subjects to refrain from increasing their activity above that which they normal perform.... Exercise, Creatine phosphokinase, Hepatic injury, Vaccine trials, Transaminase., Pub. in Vaccine, v10 n1 p39-42, 1992.