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There is strong evidence to support the association between daily physical activity and sleep parameters in children and adolescents. Physical activity and outdoor play are favourably associated with most sleep outcomes in school children. The aim is to find out the levels of physical activity and the quality of sleep in Basque schoolchildren aged between six and seventeen and to analyse the possible differences between those who carry out some kind of physical sports activity and those who do not. The sample consisted of 1082 schoolchildren (50.1% male and 49.9% female). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test (2 samples) and Kruskal–Wallis one-factor ANOVA (k samples). A total of 723 (66.94%) of the participants said they practiced some physical sports activity. The accelerometers obtained significant differences in all levels of physical activity, as well as in sleep efficiency, with higher levels of physical activity (sedentary p = 0.001; light p = 0.017; moderate p = 0.009; vigorous p = 0.001 and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity p = 0.002) and better sleep efficiency (p = 0.002) in those schoolchildren who perform some type of physical sports activity. A significant difference in time spent in sedentary activities was also observed between primary and secondary school pupils of both sexes and regardless of the degree of physical sports activity completion.

It is suggested that sport and physical activity in school contribute to achieving sustainable development and empower young people at a global scale. The Swedish school curriculum does not explicitly relate sustainability to sport or physical activity. While sustainability is taught to a low extent in physical education, it appears even less in school sport. In many countries, school sport has an established place in education to offer and promote physical activity and sports. This chapter aims to reflect on and discuss how education and sport in school sport can have consequences for gender norms and social and environmental sustainability. Sustainability is discussed in relation to gender as a power relation, based on questions of how logics of sport and education and sustainability are managed within educational steering documents. Gendered regimes in (school) sport dominated by a male norm need to be taken into consideration, as they are similar to a corporate, institutionalised competitive, power-oriented masculinity which contributes to a negative impact on the environment. In conclusion, student-athletes potentially could be agents of change to reduce sport industry's impacts on the environment, regarding facilities and transportation, and in attitudes and norms linked to gender and more environmental-friendly alternatives.

Att kunna välja idrott som en del av undervisningen på grundskola och gymnasieskola är populärt i Sverige, Norge och Danmark. Skola och idrottsföreningar är nära sammanlänkade i idrottsprofilerad utbildning. Syftet med kapitlet är att beskriva och problematisera hur idrottslogiker och kön kan ta sig uttryck och ha betydelse för inkluderande och exkluderande praktiker på idrottsprofilerad utbildning. Analysen och diskussionen baseras på och vidareutvecklar min etnografiska studie om en svensk idrottsprofilerad högstadieskola skolår 7–9. För kapitlet används även dansk och norsk forskning om idrottsprofil för att visa tendenser som är framträdande i en skandinavisk kontext. Analysen visar hur idrottslogiker som prestation, jämförelse och tävling var starka och konstruerade en norm som resulterade i en hierarki där vissa idrotter och idrottselever rangordnades högre än andra. «Killar är bättre än tjejer» var en stark könsnorm som bidrog till att värdera tjejers färdigheter och förmågor i relation till vad killar gjorde och hur killar idrottade. Tjejer som «spelar som killar» hade möjlighet att klättra högre i hierarkin. Trivialiserande och marginaliserande handlingar och beteende var en del av vardagen på den studerade skolan. Idrottslogiker och kön påverkade om idrottseleverna kände sig inkluderade eller inte i det gemensamma idrottspräglade sammanhanget, vilket motverkar jämlikhet och jämställdhet och rätten till likvärdig utbildning. Det finns behov av välutbildad personal från skolan och idrotten som kan hantera normer och kön relaterade till idrott om idrottsprofilerad utbildning ska leva upp till skolans styrdokument., In Sweden, Norway and Denmark it is popular for secondary and upper secondary school students to choose sport as a part of the school curricula. School and sports are closely interlinked in the educational conceptof school sports. The aim of this chapter is to describe and problematize how logics of sports and gender can be expressed and lay the foundation for including and excluding practices in a school sport environment. The analysis and discussion further develop my ethnographic study of a Swedish sports chool for secondary school students. This chapter show tendencies that are prevalent in a Scandinavian school sport context. The analysis show thatl ogics of performance, comparison and competition were strong and constructed a norm resulting in a hierarchy in which some sports and student-athletes were ranked higher than others. A gender norm stating that «boys are better than girls» was persistent and contributed towards valuing girls’ skills and competencies in relation to what boys did, are, and the way boys played sports. Girls that «played like boys» were able to climb higher in the hierarchy. Trivializing and marginalizing actions and behavior were part of the school day. In conclusion, sport logics and gender affected whether student-athletes felt included or not in the common school sport context, which counteracts values of equity and the right to equal education in school steering documents. An educated staff with knowledge of norms and gender is necessary if school sport is to follow steering documents.

The aim of this study is to analyze and increase the understanding of how young equestrians, in a sport school context, perceive, construct, negotiate and manage identities on social media. This article presents how a specific group of young athletes (equestrians) use social network sites (SNS), such as Facebook and Instagram, in relation to their everyday lives as students attending upper secondary schools with an equestrian sports profile. Social media is increasingly important for young people's perceptions, constructions, and managing of identities. Using a multifaceted theoretical framework, including Erving Goffman's dramaturgical perspective, we will explore how young equestrians perceive the content on SNS and analyze how they act and create content in relation to existing norms and cultures. Equestrianism is one of the largest sports in Sweden and several upper secondary schools in Sweden offer programs with an equestrian profile. Studies on sport schools evince a focus on elite sport and competition, which affects norms and ideologies at these schools. Through focus group interviews with 25 students, we show that the situation is complex and contradictory. The results indicate that young riders have identified an online stable culture where high performance equestrianism is the norm. Our study shows that the educational environment is not the only factor affecting the students, but that social media is also a part of the young athletes' constructions of identity. The image of the employable 'super equestrian' who is attractive, wears the 'right clothes', is successful, and acts 'professionally' is the most desirable representation online. The young equestrians are critical of what is communicated on SNS in relation to horses and riding, and they are uncertain of how to position themselves in relation to this communication.

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar como a prática do handebol se manifesta no âmbito do campeonato organizado pela Federação Goiana de Desporto Escolar (FGDE) a partir das informações obtidas em documentos oficiais e pelas percepções dos personagens envolvidos no evento. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de pesquisa documental tendo como base o regulamento e documentos normativos, e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com cinco professores(as) e um dirigente. A partir da análise de conteúdo dos documentos e entrevistas, concluímos que a competição se assemelha ao alto rendimento, visando desempenho, selecionando atletas e fomentando bolsas para os destaques, se distanciando dos princípios pedagógicos e educacionais, El objetivo era identificar como se manifiesta la práctica del balonmano en el campeonato de la Federación de Deportes Escolares de Goiás (FGDE) a partir de la información obtenida en los documentos oficiales y de las percepciones de los docentes y directivos. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con carácter exploratorio. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de una investigación documental basada en los documentos reglamentarios y normativos, y entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas con cinco docentes y un líder. A partir del análisis de contenido de los documentos y entrevistas, concluimos que la competencia es similar al alto rendimiento, seleccionando deportistas y promoviendo becas para lo más destacado, alejándose de los principios pedagógicos y educativos., This study aims to identify how the practice of handball manifests itself in the scope of the championship organized by the Goiás School Sports Federation (FGDE) from the information obtained in official documents and by the perceptions of teachers and managers. This is a qualitative research with an exploratory character. The data were obtained from documentary research based on the regulation and normative documents, and semi-structured interviews conducted with five teachers and a leader. From the content analysis of the documents and interviews, we concluded that the competition is similar to high performance, aiming at performance, selecting athletes and promoting scholarships for the highlights, distancing themselves from the pedagogical and educational principles.

The article arises from the need to contextualize sports teaching and to establish the characteristics that differentiate it from sports training from the definition of its components and the system of pedagogical categories, principles and regularities that are inherent to it. All this, in order to give an answer to the latent contradiction today in the initial and continuous training of the sports teacher, as well as to the way of acting and performing their professional functions in correspondence with the real demands of the context of the sphere of action (basic link) where their professional practice is indicated. The objective of the research is to reflect on the components, categories and system of principles that characterize sports teaching, differentiating them from those of sports training. An extensive bibliographic review was carried out in national repositories and in the EBSCO HOST, Dialnet, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar databases, which collect articles and journals of national and international scope. The analyses carried out offer a concrete and applicable answer for the improvement of the career curriculum, as well as of the normative documents for the performance of sports teachers in the basic link., O artigo surge da necessidade de contextualizar o ensino desportivo e de estabelecer as características que o diferenciam da formação desportiva, definindo os seus componentes e o sistema de categorias pedagógicas, princípios e regularidades que lhe são inerentes. Tudo isto, a fim de responder à contradição latente hoje em dia na formação inicial e contínua dos professores desportivos, bem como à forma de agir e desempenhar as suas funções profissionais em correspondência com as exigências reais do contexto da esfera de ação (elo básico) onde a sua prática profissional é indicada. O objectivo da investigação é refletir sobre os componentes, categorias e sistema de princípios que caracterizam o ensino desportivo, diferenciando-os dos do treino desportivo. Foi realizada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica em repositórios nacionais e nas bases de dados EBSCO HOST, Dialnet, SPORTDiscus e Google Scholar, que incluem artigos e periódicos nacionais e internacionais. As análises efetuadas oferecem uma resposta concreta e aplicável para a melhoria do currículo do grau, bem como os documentos normativos do desempenho dos professores desportivos na ligação de base., El artículo surge de la necesidad de contextualizar la enseñanza deportiva y de establecer las características que la diferencian del entrenamiento deportivo a partir de la definición de sus componentes y del sistema de categorías pedagógicas, principios y regularidades que le son inherentes. Todo ello, para dar respuesta a la contradicción latente hoy en la formación inicial y continua del profesor deportivo, así como al modo de actuación y desempeño de sus funciones profesionales en correspondencia con las exigencias reales del contexto de la esfera de actuación (eslabón de base) donde está indicado su práctica profesional. El objetivo de la investigación es reflexionar acerca de los componentes, categorías y sistema de principios que caracterizan la enseñanza deportiva, diferenciándolos de los del entrenamiento deportivo. Se realizó una extensa revisión bibliográfica en repositorios nacionales y en las bases de datos de EBSCO HOST, Dialnet, SPORTDiscus y Google Scholar, que recogen artículos y revistas del ámbito nacional e internacional. Los análisis realizados ofrecen una respuesta concreta y aplicable para el perfeccionamiento del plan de estudios de la carrera, así como de los documentos normativos del desempeño de los profesores deportivos en el eslabón de base.

This reflection is based on the teaching and practice of Rhythmic Gymnastics in the school environment, a sport that was historically created for women, so it is only attributed to this genre. In Rhythmic Gymnastics, the development of corporality, the awareness of temporality and spatiality stands out, in addition, it is sought that its performers manage to express with their whole body by performing soft, delicate movements and of technical perfection. At the same time, it is described how the construction of masculinity and femininity is a process created and established by patriarchal society, through the designation of gender roles. Process that defines the attitudes and behaviors of people, which influences sports practice and body expression. Due to these characteristics, it has been a difficult path for men who teach or practice Rhythmic Gymnastics, because from the hegemonic perspective and gender roles, there is a fear that they will be discriminated against. Added to a segregation by their peers and society by not complying with the designated standard, the question arises as to whether it is the social construction of gender that prevents the practice of this sport both in the school and in the competitive environment., La presente reflexión se basa en la enseñanza y práctica de la Gimnasia Rítmica en el ámbito escolar, deporte que históricamente fue creado para mujeres, por lo que sólo se le atribuye a este género. En la Gimnasia Rítmica se destaca el desarrollo de la corporalidad, la conciencia de la temporalidad y espacialidad, además se busca que sus ejecutantes logren expresar con todo su cuerpo realizando movimientos suaves, delicados y de perfección técnica. Paralelamente, en esta reflexión, se describe cómo la construcción de la masculinidad y la feminidad es un proceso creado y establecido por la sociedad patriarcal, a través de la designación de roles de género. Proceso que define las actitudes y comportamientos de las personas, que influye en la práctica deportiva y la expresión corporal. Debido a estas características ha sido un camino difícil para los hombres que enseñan o practican Gimnasia Rítmica, porque desde la mirada hegemónica y los roles de género, existe el temor de que se les discrimine. Sumado a una segregación por parte de sus pares y la sociedad al no cumplir con el estándar designado, surge el cuestionamiento de si es la construcción social del género es lo que impide la práctica de este deporte tanto en el ámbito escolar como en el competitivo.

35 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 29-32, [EUS] XXI.mendeko hezkuntzaren helburuetako bat ikasleak generoarekiko berdintasunean heztea da. Hezkuntzak ikasleak gizartearen ezaugarrietara ahalik eta hobekien moldatzeko ardura hartu behar du eta gizarte hori eraldatzen saiatzeko kontzientzia ere. Azken urteetan generoaren gaiak aurrera pausu nabarmenak eman ditu baina, oraindik ere urrats oso garrantzitsuak egiteke daude. Horrela lan honen helburua, gaur egungo Gorputz Hezkuntza eta eskola kirolaren analisi bat egitea izango da eta generoaren inguruko ondorio ezberdinak ateratzea lan horretan dabiltzan profesional ezberdinen laguntzarekin., [ES] Uno de los objetivos de la educaciónen el siglo XXI es la educación del alumnado en igualdad de género. La educación debe responsabilizarse de que el alumnado se adapte lo mejor posible a las características de la sociedad y la conciencia de intentar trasnsformarla. En los últimos años el tema del género ha dado paso importantes pero todavía quedan pasos muy importantes por dar. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo será realizar un análisis de la Educación Física y del deporte escolar actual y extraer diferentes conclusiones sobre el género con la ayuda de diferentes profesionales que trabajan en el mismo., [EN] One of the objectives of education in the 21st century is the education of students in gender equality. Education must take responsability for the students to adapt as best as possible to the characteristics of society and the awareness of trying to transform it. In recent years the issue of gender has taken important steps but there are still very important steps to take. Thus, the objective of this work will be to carry out an analysis of Physical Education and current school sports and draw different conclusions about gender with the help of different professionals who work in it.

50 p. : il.-- Bibliogr.: p. 37-43, [EUS] Ikerketa honen helburua ,genero-ikuspegi batetik, neskek eta mutilek eskola kirola esparruan dituzten jokabideak eta bizipenak aztertzea da. Ikerketa hau, hezkuntza ez formalean garatzen da, hain zuzen Gasteizko igeriketa club batean. Ikerketa honen xedea; sistema patriarkalak eta haren idealek, kirolari gazteek dituzten portaeretan eta balioetan zenbateraino eragiten duten ezagutzea da. Azterlanak 10 nesken eta 8 mutilen lagin batek osatzen du, eta elkarrizketa dela medio galdeketa bat egin da. Ondoren, 2 eztabaida talde egin dira. Horretarako 4 talde-elkarrizketa eta 2 talde-eztabaida egin dira. Elkarrizketa eta eztabaida hauetatik, haien portaerak, jarrerak eta gaitasun fisikoak nola pertzibitzen dituzten ezagutu nahi izan dira. Emaitzek patriarkatuak gaur egun gure hezkuntza-kulturan arrastoak uzten dituela eta hezkidetzako iraultza baten falta dagoela erakusten dute., [ES] El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las conductas y vivencias de chicas y chicos en el ámbito del deporte escolar desde una perspectiva de genero. Esta investigación se desarrolla en la educación no formal, concretamente en un club de natación de Vitoria-Gasteiz. La finalidad de esta investigación es conocer hasta qué punto el sistema patriarcal y sus ideales influyen en los comportamientos y valores de los jóvenes deportistas. El estudio está compuesto por una muestra de 10 chicas y 8 chicos a los que se les ha realizado un cuestionario mediante una entrevista. Posteriormente se han realizado 2 grupos de discusión. Para ello se han efectuado; 4 entrevistas grupales y 2 debates grupales. De estos diálogos y debates se pretende conocer cómo perciben sus comportamientos, actitudes y aptitudes físicas. Los resultados muestran la huella que el patriarcado deja hoy en día en nuestra cultura educativa y a su vez, falta una revolución coeducativa., [EN] The aim of this research is to analyse the behaviour and experiences of girls and boys in school sports’ field. This research is carried out in non-formal education, specifically in a swimming club in Vitoria-Gasteiz. The purpose of the research is to find out to what extent the patriarchal system and its ideals influence in the behaviour and values of young athletes. The study is made up of a sample of 10 girls and 8 boys who were given a questionnaire by means of an interview. Two discussion groups were subsequently held. For this purpose, 4 group interviews and 2 group discussions were carried out. From these dialogues and debates, the aim was to find out how they perceive their behaviour, attitudes and physical abilities. The results show the mark that the patriarchy leaves today in our educational culture and at the same time, the lack of a co-educational revolution.

53 p. : il. -- Bibliogr.: p. 45-49, [EUS] Gaur egun, nagusiki sedentarioa den gizarte batean bizi gara non jarduera fisiko eza munduko hilkortasun tasaren arrisku faktore garrantzitsuenetako bat den. Hori horrela izanik, lan honetan Gernika-Lumoko Allende Salazar ikastetxeko eta Seber Altube ikastolako Eskola Kiroleko zenbait monitorek baliabide aberasgarri honen ekarpenez eta arriskuez kontziente diren ikertzen da, bi ikastetxe hauetako Eskola Kirol ereduaren ideia orokor bat eskuratuz. Ikerketa metodologia kuantitatiboan kokatzen da, zeinetan galdera-itxietan oinarritutako galdetegiak erabili diren datuak biltzeko tresna gisa. Emaitzei dagokienez, monitore gehienen (%63) helburua hezitzailea dela jaso da eta aztertutako zenbait aldagaiei dagokienez, hala nola, saioetan gailentzen diren aspektuei edota erabilitako metodologiari dagokienez, hezkuntzarekin edota kirolarekin zerikusia duen formakuntza jaso duten pertsonen eskuhartzea egokiagoa dela ikusi da. Horretaz gain, monitoreak ados edota erabat ados daude Eskola Kirolak eskaintzen dituen onurekin, hala nola, garapen integralean eragiten duelarekin, balioak transmititzeko bide delarekin, euskara sustatzeko baliabide aproposa delarekin… Eskola Kirolean aurki daitezkeen arriskuei dagokienez, monitoreak hauetaz oso kontziente ez direla esan daiteke, hauekin erlazionatutako itemetan askotariko erantzunak jaso baitira. Ildo horretatik, Eskola Kirol eredu tradizionaletik (errendimendura bideratutakotik, emaitza prozesuari lehenesten zaionetik, garaipena lortzeko jarrera oldarkor eta bortitzak sortzen dituenetik, selektiboa denetik…) urrundu eta parte-hartzaileen formakuntza integrala bilatzera bideratutako eredu alternatibo batera hurbiltzeko proposamenak biltzen dira., [EN] Today, we live in a mostly sedentary society where lack of physical activity is one of the most important risk factors for the global mortality rate. Thus, this work investigates if several monitors of the School Sport of the schools Allende Salazar and Seber Altube of GernikaLumo are conscious of the contributions and risks of this enriching resource, acquiring a general idea of the model of School Sport of these two centers. The research is part of a quantitative methodology in which questionnaires based on closed-ended questions have been used as a data collection tool. As for the results, it was found that the objective of most of the monitors (63%) is educational and that in some of the variables analyzed, such as the aspects that prevail in the sessions or the methodology used, it was found that the intervention of people who have received training related to education and/or sport is more appropriate. Furthermore, the monitors agree or totally agree with the benefits offered by the School Sport, such as the integral development, the transmission of values, the promotion of the Basque language... As for the risks that can be found in School Sport, it can be said that the monitors are not very aware of them, since in the items related to them very varied answers have been collected. In this sense, there are proposals to move away from the traditional model of School Sport (performance-oriented, which prioritizes the result to the process, which generates aggressive and violent attitudes towards victory, which is selective ...) and to approach an alternative model aimed at seeking the comprehensive training of participants.

The aim of this dissertation is to describe and problematize normative patterns related to sport and gender at a sport’s profiled secondary school,and discuss what consequences these patterns may have for student-athletes. The dissertation has an ethnographic approach and the empirical data was collected through observations and semi-structured interviews. I have followed one cohort of 78 student-athletes during their three years at thestudied school (grade 7–9), of which 29 were interviewed. In addition, seven members of the staff were interviewed. I chose to follow the sport groups in tennis, floorball, football for boys, football for girls and lessons in physical education and health (PEH). This dissertation project was guided by the theoretical frameworks provided by gender theories: gender as a social institution (Lorber, 1994), the process of othering (Puwar, 2004; Pickering, 2001), and inclusive masculinity (Anderson, 2009). In addition, sport related logics and norms of performance and competition was utilized as theoretical tools (Engström, 2010; SOU 2008:59).The main results are that there were two main normative patterns related to sport and gender that prevailed at the studied school: the logic of performance and competition, and a gender norm stating that boys are better than girls. These patterns were resilient but also faced deviations and resistance. Sport occupied a significant space at this school. Socialization of performance and competition, with admittance through selection and early specialization directed the organization of the profile and its practice, but also the student-athletes’ attitudes, behaviors and actions. The logic of performance was often expressed as a sound comparison and competition that functioned as an incentive for motivation and a strategy for improvement, and was regarded as an inherent part of sport. However, comparison and competition were used as a stratifying instrument in order to rank oneself higher in the school’s, Malmö Youth Sport Study

In the frame of the European Physical Activity Label for Schools (Eu-PALS, 2020a) project diverse indicators of physical activity, physical education and sport in different European schools have been analysed. As a starting point, this paper is presenting the chosen indicators and comparing them to an already existing physical activity label for schools in Luxembourg. The choice of the quality criteria in the Eu-PALS project, which may lead to the awarding of the label, are further discussed by demonstrating the results of a pilot study at four schools in Luxembourg. This national pilot study shows not only to the participating schools in which areas they might need to improve their activities, but allows also more generally to evaluate the indicators and possibly to improve the choice. Finally, with regard to the topic of the CEREPS Conference 2019 in Prague – “Quality criteria and outcome standards for Physical Education and School Sport” – in the frame of which this study has been presented, it is also discussed whether the project contributes to make criteria and outcome standards of physical education and school sport in Europe visible and comparable.

The present study aimed to analyze the importance of the evaluation of motor development in Physical Education as the basis of school sports. For this, a search was carried out with two academic browsers such as Dialnet and Google Academic during the last 10 years. The results in English and at a general level on motor skills are abundant, however, at a specific level, to assess motor skills with projection to sport in school, they are scarce. It was found that there are various proposals for the evaluation of motor development, although there are few updated studies that analyze Physical Education as the basis of school sports. The strengths of using the 3JS instrument are analyzed as a sample that motor evaluation applied to the field of Education with sports projection is possible.

The overall aim of this paper is to study and discuss student-athletes’ beliefs about athletic ability. Specifically, the aim is to analyze and problematize athletic ability longitudinally and with a gender perspective as it is perceived, discussed, and valued by student-athletes. A three-year and six-wave study was conducted on 78 student-athletes (30 females and 48 males; Mage at T1 = 12.7, SD = 0.44) attending a compulsory school with a sport profile. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 of the student-athletes (16 female and 11 male) during their second and third school year. Based on a parallel mixeddata analysis with cross-talks and meta-inferences, the two main results of this study are as follows: (1) entity beliefs increase and incremental beliefs decrease during the three-year period, and (2) gender add a further understanding of the student-athletes’ beliefs about athletic ability. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the potential influence of the socialization processes on beliefs of athletic ability, and suggestions for future research are provided.

The women) 5th and 6th grade students of primary education enrolled in Public Centers of the Principality of Asturias. The questionnaires applied were C-PSQ, MBSRQ. Descriptive statistical tests have been realized, Reliability analysis, Levene Statistics, Student t tests, Analysis of Variance, and Pearson Correlation. The results obtained indicate that a high percentage of children perform some type of physical activity, 93%. 67% Perform four or five daily intakes. Women present higher values than men in the concern for physical appearance and show more difference than they do between how they look and how they would like to be, considering that they would look better with less weight. In addition, those who do more physical activity feel more in line with the idea of a good body image and obtain higher scores on almost all factors., El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer las relaciones existentes entre la práctica de Actividad Física y Deportiva, el Autoconcepto, la Imagen Corporal y los Hábitos Alimentarios en niños. Los participantes en este trabajo han sido n=209 (n=101 varones y n=108 mujeres) estudiantes de 5º y 6º de educación primaria matriculados en centros públicos del Principado de Asturias. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios C-PSQ y MBSRQ. Se han realizado pruebas estadísticas Descriptivas, Análisis de Fiabilidad, Estadístico de Levene, Pruebas t de Student, Análisis de Varianza y Correlación de Pearson. Los resultados obtenidos indican que realizan algún tipo de actividad física un alto porcentaje de niños, el 93%. El 67% realizan cuatro o cinco ingestas diarias. Las mujeres presentan valores más altos que los varones en la preocupación por el aspecto físico y muestran más diferencia que ellos entre cómo se ven y cómo les gustaría ser, considerando que se verían mejor con menos peso. Además, aquellos que realizan más actividad física se sienten más acordes con la idea de una buena imagen corporal y obtienen mayores puntuaciones en la mayoría los factores

This study examined (a) the developmental trajectories of student-athlete burnout perceptions and (b) the within-person relationship between achievement goals and burnout perceptions. A three-year and six-wave longitudinal study was conducted with 78 student-athletes (30 young women and 48 young men, Mage at T1 = 12.7 years, SD = 0.44), attending a sport compulsory school. The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire were used. The results from multilevel growth models revealed that burnout perceptions increased for this age group over the three-year period. Furthermore, task orientation was significantly and negatively related to a reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation. The results from this study underline the advantage of considering developmental processes when studying burnout. Furthermore, by focusing on the within-person effect of achievement goals, this study provides findings that support a motivational approach to the longitudinally study of burnout propensity among young student-athletes. The current study suggests that sport school staff should be aware of their student-athletes’ burnout perceptions and that these could change over time. Results also highlights that task-oriented goals might help decrease burnout perceptions, specifically reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation. © 2018 International Society of Sport Psychology

Psychological preparation is one of the pillars on which the overall preparation of the athlete is based; This must start from the individual or group psychological diagnosis and incorporate the work of the trainer. The attention, in the case of the Rhythmic Gymnastics, demands a high concentration, being one of the essential aspects to reach the maximum level in the different dimensions that constitute the performance (quality of execution, technical level and artistic level).The present investigation has as precedent studies of this author on psychological analysis in the gymnasts, supported by the scientific project "Psychological Attention to the School Sportsman" of the Center of Psychology Studies of the Physical Activity and Sports and has as objective to make a diagnosis on the concentration of attention in the Havana gymnasts and the treatment received by the coaches. To this end, research methods such as document analysis, surveys, interviews and observations were used to obtain information from different sources. The main results of the study revealed insufficiencies that in this sense appear in the gymnasts, caused by different internal and external distracters, and the need for training and overcoming of the trainers to contribute to the improvement of this psychological process., La preparación psicológica es uno de los pilares en los que se sustenta la preparación integral del deportista; ésta debe partir del diagnóstico psicológico individual o del grupo e incorporar el trabajo del entrenador. La atención, en el caso de la gimnasia rítmica, demanda de una elevada concentración, siendo uno de los aspectos esenciales para alcanzar el máximo nivel en las diferentes dimensiones que constituyen el rendimiento (calidad de ejecución, nivel técnico y nivel artístico). La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un diagnóstico sobre la concentración de la atención en las gimnastas escolares de La Habana y el tratamiento que reciben por parte de las entrenadoras. Para ello, se utilizaron métodos de investigación como análisis de documentos, encuestas, entrevistas y observaciones para obtener informaciones desde diferentes fuentes. Los principales resultados del estudio develaron insuficiencias que en este sentido se presentan en las gimnastas, provocadas por diferentes distractores internos y externos, y la necesidad de la capacitación y superación de las entrenadoras para poder contribuir al mejoramiento de este proceso psicológico.

This paper provides an overview of several pedagogical analyses of the educational potential of sport. This topic is approached from a deliberative perspective that focuses on the inherent character of motor games in human nature. The complexity of the human body is the result of a long evolutionary process that predisposes individuals to engage in movement activities in a society characterized by sedentariness. In human history, motor games preexisted engagement in sport practices, modern sports emerged as a social phenomenon in the 19th century, becoming a central activity in the lives of the citizens in modern societies by promoting the key values of such a society. Educators take advantage of this aspect of sport in order to promote skills, competencies, and values. The connection between sport and education is best developed through physical education curricula and school sports., Este documento tiene por objetivo dar cuenta del interés que la pedagogía ha desarrollado sobre el potencial educativo del deporte. El acercamiento es deliberado y se fundamenta desde la inherencia que posee el ser humano por el juego motriz. La complejidad del cuerpo humano deriva de un largo proceso evolutivo y predispone a la persona al movimiento en una sociedad que tiende hacia el sedentarismo. El juego motriz preexiste a cualquier dinámica deportiva que se haya emprendido a lo largo de la historia, mientras que el deporte moderno emerge como fenómeno social en el siglo XIX e irrumpe en la vida de los ciudadanos mediante la promoción de unos valores solidarios con el sistema que les envuelve. El referente educativo saca partido de esta coyuntura, pues tiene el anhelo de aprovechar el potencial formativo que ofrece el deporte para vehiculizar aprendizajes, competencias y valores. La simbiosis entre deporte y educación encuentra su nicho en la sociedad actual en el área curricular de educación física y en el deporte escolar.

An adequate planning of invasion sports at school age requires an optimal choice of External Training Loads (eTL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze, according to the genre of pre-service teachers, the eTL of the tasks designed for the teaching of handball in relation to each part of the session: animation, fundamental part and return to calm. A total of 926 tasks have been classified by 18 pre-service teachers through the Integral System for Training Tasks Analysis (SIATE). The eTL of the tasks has been assessed through six variables: degree of opposition, density of the task, percentage of simultaneous performers, competitive load, game area and cognitive involvement. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed through Mann-Whitney U test. In addition, the size of the effect was calculated by Cohen’s d. The results show that both male and female tend to plan with the same eTL (p>.05), except in the animation part where female tend to plan with higher eTL (p<.05) due to use of a greater frequency of tasks of a playful nature, Una planificación adecuada de los deportes de invasión en la edad escolar requiere de una óptima selección de las cargas externas. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar, en función del género de los profesores en formación, la carga externa de las tareas diseñadas para la enseñanza del balonmano para cada parte de sesión: animación, parte fundamental y vuelta a la calma. Se han categorizado 926 tareas diseñadas por 18 profesores en formación mediante el Sistema Integral para el Análisis de las Tareas de Entrenamiento (SIATE). La carga externa de las tareas se ha cuantificado a través de seis variables: grado de oposición, densidad de la tarea, porcentaje de ejecutantes simultáneos, carga competitiva, espacio de juego e implicación cognitiva. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo e inferencial a través de la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Además, se calculó el tamaño del efecto mediante la d de Cohen. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que ambos géneros tienden a planificar con igual carga externa (p>.05), exceptuando en la parte de animación donde el género femenino tiende a planificar con mayor carga externa (p<.05) debido al empleo de una mayor frecuencia de tareas lúdicas

This paper presents the phases that families at three teaching centres went through to draw up their own behaviour decalogues in school sport competitions and deploy courses of action to improve the behaviour of families when they act as spectators. The teaching centres are located in the Basque Country, Bizkaia province (Spain). The schools have spent four years working on a range of research projects in a bid to transform school sport in such a way as to bring it into line with the educational philosophy of each school, since in the vast majority of cases school sport entails excessive levels of violence and unethical behaviour. Each step of the process was made possible by the actions of the sport coordinators who were responsible for providing the link between the seminary and the families through the help of the centre group.

Parents are the first reference in the acquisition of physical and sporting habits of their children. The study focuses on the under 7s football which it is the beginning of sports training in a discipline of competitive eminence. The research wants to understand the adherence of the family in the search for a school sports that revalues the educational reference. A Case Study design, ethnographic mode, is applied through participant observation, the qualitative data on the image and the accompaniment in social networks of a under 7s football team along an entire season. The results include the friendship environment generated, involvement in their children's team, the joy of the moment and the concatenation of emotions. They are interpretative keys of the adhesion of the family in the under 7s football. This article claims the positive involvement of the family on this framework which must revalue the educational values that can promote football., Os pais são a primeira relativa à aquisição de hábitos físicas e desportivas dos seus filhos. O estudo centra-se no futebol prebenjamín, é o início de treinamento esportivo em uma disciplina de eminência competitivo. A pesquisa quer entender a adesão da família na busca de um desporto escolar que pode revalorizar a referência educacional. Para fazer isso, temos feito um estudo de caso de modo etnográfico. Temos usado a observação participante, dados qualitativos na imagem e acompanhamento em redes sociais de um time de futebol prebenjamín ao longo uma temporada. Ele destaca o ambiente de amizade gerado, participação na equipe de seus filhos, o gozo do momento e da concatenação de emoções no jogo como chaves interpretativas da adesão da família no futebol prebenjamín. Este artigo defende o envolvimento positivo da família e sublinha a importância de valores educacionais que pode promover o futebol., Los padres se erigen como primeros referentes para la adquisición de hábitos físicodeportivos de sus hijos. El estudio se centra en el fútbol prebenjamín, el inicio de la formación deportiva en una disciplina de eminencia competitiva. La investigación desea comprender la adherencia del familiar en la búsqueda de un deporte en edad escolar que revalorice el referente educativo. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio de caso de modalidad etnográfica en la que se utiliza la observación participante, el dato cualitativo en la imagen y el acompañamiento en las redes sociales de un equipo de fútbol prebenjamín a lo largo de una temporada. Se destacan el entorno de amistad generado, la implicación en el equipo de sus niños, el disfrute del momento y la concatenación de emociones en el partido como claves interpretativas de la adherencia de la familia en el fútbol prebenjamín. Este artículo reivindica la participación positiva del familiar en el escenario en revalorización de los valores educativos que puede promover el fútbol.

The importance and the presence of physical activity and sport in the development of the school-age population is currently one of the most remarkable phenomena. The regular practice of sport or physical activity brings benefits that contribute to the welfare of people in the physical, psychological and social fields. Therefore, we considered the need to study the participation of more than 200,000 students in the Region of Murcia, for five school years from 2005 to 2010, analyzing the gender difference in participation in the program Sports School of Murcia in that period. The sample consists of 249,326 participations of which 155.009 are male (62,2%) and 94.317 were female (37,8%), ranging in age from 8 to 18 years old. For the Statistical analysis of the results was used SPSS (version 15.0, SPSS). Female participations in the Championship Sports Promotion increase with the passage of time, however the male are always higher than the female. Measures to promote women's sport should be taken as male holdings are close to double the female., La importancia y la presencia de la actividad física y el deporte en el desarrollo de la población en edad escolar es, actualmente, uno de los fenómenos más destacables. La práctica regular de deporte o actividades físicas comporta beneficios que contribuyen al bienestar de las personas en los ámbitos físico, psíquico y social. Por ello, nos planteamos la necesidad de estudiar la participación de más de 200.000 alumnos de la Región de Murcia, durante cinco cursos escolares 2005-2010, analizando la diferencia de participación por género, en el programa de Deporte Escolar de la Región de Murcia en ese período.La muestra está formada por 249.326 participaciones de los que 155.009 son masculinas (62.2%) y 94.317 son femeninas (37.8%), cuyas edades van desde los 8 hasta los 18 años. Con estos datos se ha elaborado una base de datos en el Programa de Análisis estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Las participaciones femeninas en el Campeonato de Promoción Deportiva aumentan con el paso del tiempo, sin embargo las masculinas son siempre superiores a las femeninas. Deben tomarse medidas de promoción del deporte femenino, ya que las participaciones masculinas son cercanas al doble de las femeninas.

The under 7s football is a non-formal socio-educative scenario especially overcrowded. The adult environment puts efforts end illusions on school sport as an extracurricular activity for the child to promote their education. There are numerous proposals for trying to establish guidelines to family behavior. However, this study wants to understand the familiar illusions that encourage the participation in under 7s football of their children as primarily responsible for their education. In this way, the aim of the study is to investigate the family motivations for school football to revalue the confluences of its educational value.The research emerges from a Case Study design ethnographic mode that uses the questionnaire (N=134, 63 women and 71 men) to deepen of the perception of family members involved in school football: parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters. The results reaffirm the social function that the football has for the child and the adults that accompany them. Family involvement stands as an indispensable pillar for the sport activity. Thus, to optimize the educational potential is necessary to have the complicity of the family to reclaim the educational reference against the permeability of football business., El fútbol prebenjamín supone un escenario socioeducativo no formal especialmente masificado. El entorno adulto vierte esfuerzos e ilusiones sobre el deporte escolar desarrollado como actividad extraescolar por el niño para promover su formación. Existen numerosos propuestas por tratar de establecer pautas hacia el comportamiento familiar. Sin embargo, este estudio trata de comprender las ilusiones familiares que animan a la participación en el fútbol prebenjamín de sus niños como primeros responsables de su educación. De este modo, el objetivo del estudio es indagar sobre las motivaciones familiares hacia el fútbol prebenjamín a fin de revalorizar las confluencias sobre su valor educativo.La investigación emerge desde un diseño de estudio de caso de modalidad etnográfica que se vale del cuestionario (N=134, 63 mujeres y 71 hombres) para profundizar sobre la percepción de los familiares que participan en el fútbol del niño de entre 6 y 7 años: padres, madres, abuelos y hermanos. Los resultados reafirman la función social que el fútbol tiene para el niño que lo practica y para los adultos que lo acompañan. La implicación familiar se erige como un pilar indispensable sobre el que se cimienta una actividad deportiva no formal. Por ello, para optimizar el potencial formativo se ha de contar, inherentemente, con la complicidad familiar para revindicar el referente educativo frente a la permeabilidad del fútbol negocio en el escenario socioeducativo del fútbol.

The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the scheduling of sport in physical education classes during the stage of secondary education. Ten teachers with different profiles were interviewed. The analysis of the interviews was carried out by cross-checking, and in order to objectify the analysis of the interviews the internal reliability between coders (87%) was calculated. A Kappa Index average of .76, with a significance level of p < .001 was also obtained. The results showed that traditional team sports are the most commonly used, and that girls have a lower degree of participation. Among the objectives that the teacher tried to instill in students, we must highlight the promotion of sports practice habits. Finally, there is not any noticeable change in methodology in teaching this content because it still uses a traditional methodology., El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en describir y analizar cómo el profesorado lleva a la práctica el deporte en las clases de educación física durante la etapa de educación secundaria. Para ello se entrevistó a diez docentes con perfiles diferenciados. El análisis de las entrevistas se llevó a cabo mediante chequeos cruzados, y para objetivar el análisis realizado de las entrevistas se calculó la fiabilidad interna entre los codificadores (87%), además se obtuvo un Índice de Kappa promedio K=.76, con un nivel de significación de p < .001. En cuanto a los resultados podemos destacar que los deportes colectivos y tradicionales son los más utilizados, y que las chicas presentan un menor grado de participación. Entre los objetivos que el profesor pretendía inculcar en el alumnado, destaca la promoción de hábitos de práctica deportiva. Por último, no se percibe un cambio metodológico en la enseñanza de este contenido ya que se sigue utilizando una metodología tradicional.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the effects of the implementation of an Education Program for Safety in physical and sport activities on psychological and personality factors related to accidents as a result of sport of Secondary Education students. Participants in this study were Secondary School students, students who were in 1st and 3rd year from a Secondary School in the province of Jaen. The total number of participants were 149 students (age= 13.62 years, SD = 1.22). By means of a controlled trial they were divided into a control group (73 participants, age = 13.60 years, SD = 1.22) and into an intervention group (76 participants, age = 13.64 years, SD = 1.24). The variables analyzed were sensation seeking, risk perception, propensity of accident and the number of injuries and accidents. Results show that after the intervention of the ESAFE program, pretest-posttest differences are significantly higher (p<0.001) in the two scales of safety and in the full scale of the intervention group. The ESAFE program has been able to reduce significantly (p<0.05) sensation seeking in sport. In conclusion, the ESAFE program can be used as an educational resource in raising awareness of the risks involved in physical and sports activities in school and, therefore, in safety education. So it would be interesting to incorporate it into the practice of PE teachers both in the initial evaluation and during the whole process of teaching and learning, El objetivo del estudio es analizar los efectos de la implantación de un Programa de Educación para la Seguridad en las actividades físico-deportivas escolares (ESAFE) sobre los factores psicológicos y de personalidad relacionados con el accidente deportivo en escolares de Educación Secundaria. Los participantes de este estudio son escolares de Educación Secundaria de un IES de la provincia de Jaén. El total de sujetos fue de 149 alumnos (Edad= 13.62 años, DT= 1.22). Mediante un ensayo controlado fueron distribuidos en un grupo control (73 participantes, Edad= 13.60 años, DT= 1.22) y otro experimental (76 participantes, Edad= 13.64 años, DT= 1.24). Las variables analizadas han sido la búsqueda de sensaciones, la percepción del riesgo, propensión al accidente y por otro lado el número de lesiones y accidentes. Los resultados muestran que tras la intervención, las diferencias postest-pretest son significativamente mayores (p<0.001) en seguridad pasiva y activa y en la escala total de seguridad en el grupo experimental. El programa ESAFE ha sido capaz de reducir de manera significativa (p<0.05) la búsqueda de sensaciones en el deporte. El programa ESAFE se puede emplear como un recurso educativo en la sensibilización sobre los riesgos presentes en las actividades físico-deportivas escolares y por lo tanto en la educación de la seguridad. Sería interesante su incorporación en la práctica de los docentes de Educación Física, tanto en la evaluación inicial como durante el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje

La elaboración de este documento nace con la intención de determinar las principales causas que propician el abandono de la práctica deportiva. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo para el cual se empleó un cuestionario respondido de forma anónima y desinteresada por alumnos del Grado en Educación Primaria de la Facultad de Formación del Profesorado de la Universidad de Santiago. Dicho cuestionario se centra en aspectos relacionados con la práctica deportiva escolar y actual de los encuestados. Entre las conclusiones más relevantes podemos extraer el carácter perjudicial de la especialización deportiva temprana, por tratarse de un modelo que reproduce aspectos más próximos al deporte de élite que al deporte educativo. Un modelo que obvia las características psicoevolutivas del niño, con los riesgos que esto conlleva tanto a nivel físico como psicológico.Para finalizar, podemos extraer también que existe un preocupante abandono de la práctica deportiva en la etapa correspondiente con la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y el Bachillerato. Un abandono fuertemente influenciado por la desmotivación que provoca un modelo de deporte escolar que desde edades muy tempranas deja de lado el carácter lúdico de la práctica deportiva, The aim of this paper is to analyse the main reasons that contribute to the abandonment of sports practice. So, we have accomplished a descriptive study, for which we have used a questionnaire, answered by the students of the Master Degree in Primary Education from the Faculty of Teacher Training of the University of Santiago de Compostela. The question list, answered in an anonymous and disinterested way, focuses on aspects related to the current sports practice and at school of all these students. Among the more relevant conclussions, we can highlight the damaging effect of the early sporting specialization, since it is about a model that recreates aspects closer to the elite sport than to the educational one. Also, this is a model that omits the psycho-evolutionary development of the child, and obviously, this brings many risks from a physic and phsychological point of view. Finally, we can also add that there is an alarming abandonment of sport practice in the period corresponding to Compulsory Secondary Education and High School period. Such abandonment is highly influenced by the desmotivation caused by a school sport model that excludes the ludic nature of sporting practice from very early ages

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar desde el punto de vista de los docentes, las prácticas deportivas de los escolares de sus centros en función del género del alumnado. En el presente trabajo, se identifica, a partir de un análisis de la percepción que poseen las maestras y maestros de Educación Primaria, los deportes y juegos deportivos más populares así como sus manifestaciones en el entorno de la escuela, empleándose para ello un cuestionario “ad hoc” como técnica de investigación. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca: la representación de que determinadas actividades físico-deportivas y deportes continúan siendo específicas de género; la percepción de que los chicos hacen más cantidad de actividad física fundamentalmente por cuestiones de mayor competencia motriz y la percepción de desigualdades de género en las clases de Educación Física principalmente en relación con los contenidos del programa que se imparte, The aim of this research was to study from the point of view of the teachers,sports practices of schoolchildren from their centers depending on the gender of their pupils. In the present work, it is identified, from an analysis of the perception held by teachers of Primary Education, the sports and popular sports games as well as its manifestations in the school environment, using a questionnaire "ad hoc" as a research technique. Among the results it stands out: the fact that certain physical-sports activities and sports continue being specific gender; the perception that boys do more amount of physical activity fundamentally because of greater competition drive and the perception of gender inequalities in Physical Education classes mainly made in relation with the contents of the program that is taught

Sport is considered an educational and socializing tool very important, but the achievement of the educational goals attributed to it is not something that happens without more, thanks to its simple application. It is necessary to carry out proposals that must include specific actions that can really develop that potential. In the municipality of Segovia, since 2009, has been implemented a comprehensive program of school sport (PIDEMSG – Comprehensive Program Township School Sports Segovia) which aims to promote education and school sports participation in Segovia, including among its objectives purposes as “generate physical practice habits in the population “; “raise levels of participation in sport and physical activity of students of both genders through a sport school program formative and comprehensive” or “increase the baggage motor sport and culture of this population”. This article describes the program and analyzes it through the review of research carried out on it. They reaffirm the formative character of the program, highlighting the potential that school sports can develop when it is raised properly., El deporte es considerado un instrumento educativo y socializador muy importante, pero la consecución de las finalidades formativas que se le atribuyen no es algo que se produzca sin más, gracias a su simple aplicación. Es necesario llevar a cabo propuestas que incluyan entre sus finalidades acciones específicas que permitan que el deporte desarrolle realmente ese potencial. En el municipio de Segovia, desde el año 2009, se ha implantado un programa integral de deporte escolar, el PIDEMSG (Programa Integral de Deporte Escolar del Municipio de Segovia) que trata de promover la formación y participación deportiva de los escolares segovianos, incluyendo entre sus finalidades aspectos como “generar hábitos de práctica física-deportiva en la población”; “elevar los niveles de participación en actividad físico-deportiva de escolares de los dos géneros a través de un programa de deporte escolar formativo y global”; o “incrementar el bagaje motriz y la cultura deportiva de esta población”. En el presente artículo se expone de forma detallada dicho programa y es analizado a través de la revisión de diferentes estudios que se han llevado a cabo sobre el mismo y que reafirman su carácter formativo, subrayando el potencial educativo que el deporte escolar puede desarrollar cuando se plantea adecuadamente.

By means of this paper we can see that from 1982 to 2012 the planning, management and organization of sport for this age group has been carried out in Andalusia by means of two different models: the school sport model and the school age sport model., Comprobaremos en este trabajo que la planificación, gestión y organización del deporte para estas edades se ha desarrollado en Andalucía, de 1982 a 2012, a través de dos modelos diferenciados: el modelo deporte escolar y el modelo deporte en edad escolar.

Sports policy as a regime of Franco, not led the world federation or the idea of club or social involvement through them. Consistent with the theory of the early educational system built by characters in the world of education and culture, Francoism was proposed sports policy from the school, through sport, educate new generations in the principles and fidelity to the regime. This paper studies the evolution of school sports throughout the life of the system and analyzes the results of this policy., La política deportiva del franquismo como régimen, no se orientó al mundo federativo ni a la idea de club o a la participación social a través de los mismos. Consecuentes con la teoría pedagógica de los inicios del régimen, construida por personajes importantes del mundo de la educación y de la cultura, el franquismo se propuso una política deportiva desde la escuela que, a través del deporte, educara a las nuevas generaciones en los principios y en la fidelidad al régimen. El presente trabajo, estudia la evolución del deporte escolar a lo largo de la vida del régimen y analiza los resultados de esta política.

The purpose of this article is to study children and engaged adults’ experiences of participating in a Sport for All Programme in school (SAP). Fifteen individual interviews were conducted with one programme manager, three schoolteachers, two sport club leaders, and nine children (five girls and four boys aged 9-10). Bourdieu’s (1990) as well as Lave and Wenger’s (1991) theoretical models were used as the analytic tools to study the SAP. The analysis reveals that the organization and the practice of the activities are noticeably related to conventionally organized sport. The analysis also shows that the SAP is a new way of organizing and practicing children’s sport – with its own logic. The absence of organized competition, the less intensive activities, the greater flexibility and variation in the SAP appear to challenge the conscious and unconscious idea of the meaning and function of competitive sport, especially in children’s sport. Thus, the SAP concept calls for a new way of approaching children’s sport, and new demands on those who organize and lead the activities.

Para determinar la calidad percibida de los servicios deportivos en edad escolar hemos utilizado una escala de elaboración propia. La población objeto de estudio ha estado formada por los monitores y los clientes de un sistema deportivo, siendo un total de 463 usuarios y 29 prestadores. La valoración global de los servicios ha sido buena. Existen diferencias entre los dos grupos objeto de estudio en la valoración global y en la dimensión técnicos deportivos. Por lo que se refiere a las diferentes prácticas físico-deportivas baile, tenis y aeróbic han sido las mejor valoradas. Los aspectos peor calificados están relacionados con los recursos, materiales e instalaciones, y la imagen que transmiten las propias organizaciones. El punto fuerte del servicio deportivo en edad escolar lo constituye el recurso humano., In order to determine the perceived quality about sport services at school age we have used the EPOD scale. The target population that has been studied was composed of coaches and customers of a sport system, with a total of 463 users and 29 service providers. The global valuation of services and activities has been positive. There are some differences between the two groups under consideration in the overall size and sports technicians’ category. As regards to the different physical-sports activities, the best valued ones are dance, tennis and aerobics. The worst valued aspects are related to resources, materials and facilities, and also the organisations public image. Human resources are the strongest point of sport services for students at school age.

This paper, has been elaborated based on documental sources, interviews, images and other cultural artifacts, focuses on the proposals of male Catholic Congregations, with special emphasis (focus) on those that promoted rural teachers education, in the mid twentieth century, in the Federal State of Rio Grande do Sul. It discusses the "integral formation of the person" in face of the role of sport in rural normal schools, as well as in reference to the founding principles of the Congregations. It is possible to assert sports practice actuated as a mediating element as well as of integration of the groups and communities, contributing to the evangelizing mission, through the occupation of free time, disciplining the conduct and the conformation to norms an rules. We analize three educational institutions (Rural Normal School of the Archdiocese, Rural Normal School La Salle, and Rural Normal School Murialdo),being demonstrated greater evidence of sports practice by the Rural Normal School La Salle of Cerro Largo. This school, once transformed into a School of Basic Education, abandoned the rural the matics of teacher education, but it kept the preoccupation with sports practice., Cet article s'intéresse aux propositions des congrégations catholiques concernant la formation du professeur rural. Ce travail, basé sur des sources documentaires, entretiens, images et autres artefacts culturels de la moitié du siècle XX, au Rio Grande do Sul (Brésil), discute la formation intégrale de la personne et la fonction du sport dans les écoles normales rurales. Cette formation intégrale estaussi mise en perspective par rapport aux principesfondateurs des congrégations catholiques. L'analyse démontre que la pratique sportive avait un rôle média teuret intégrateur des groupes et des communautés. Elle contribuait ainsi à la mission évangélisatrice parl'occupation du temps libre et l'apprentissage de la discipline des comportements et de la conformité aux règles et normes. L'analyse de trois établissements scolaires (Escola Normal Rural da Arquidiocese, Escola Normal Rural La Salle e Escola Normal Rural Murialdo) montreque la pratiquesportiveétait plus importantedans l'Escola Normal Rural La Salle de Cerro Largo. Cet établissement, une fois transformé en école d'éducation basique, aabandonné la thématiquerurale de la formation des professeurs mais agardéla préoccupation par la pratique sportive., Este trabalho, elaborado com base em fontes documentais, entrevistas, imagens e outros artefatos culturais, enfoca as propostas de Congregações Católicas masculinas, com especial enfoque às que promovem a formação do professor rural, em meados do século 20, no Rio Grande do Sul. Discute a formação integral da pessoa frente à função do esporte em escolas normais rurais, assim como em relação aos princípios fundantes das Congregações. É possível afirmar que a prática do esporte atuava como elemento mediador e de integração dos grupos e comunidades, contribuindo para a missão evangelizadora, para a ocupação do tempo livre, disciplinamento da conduta e a conformação a normas e regras. São analisadas três instituições de ensino (Escola Normal Rural da Arquidiocese, Escola Normal Rural La Salle e Escola Normal Rural Murialdo), demonstrando maior evidencia de prática esportiva a Escola Normal Rural La Salle de Cerro Largo. Esta escola, uma vez transformada em Escola de Educação Básica, abandonou a temática rural de formação de professores mas manteve a preocupação da prática esportiva., Este trabajo, basado en fuentes documentales, entrevistas, imágenes y otros objetos culturales, se centra sobre las propuestas Congregaciones Católicas masculinas, con especial énfasis en las que promueven la formación de maestros en zonas rurales, a mediados del siglo XX, en Río Grande do Sul. Discute "la formación integral de la persona" frente a la función del deporte en escuelas normales rurales, así como a los principios fundadores de las Congregaciones. Se podría decir que la práctica del deporte actuaba como elemento mediador y de integración de los grupos y comunidades, contribuyendo a la misión de la evangelización, para la ocupación del tiempo libre, la disciplina de la conducta y la conformación con las normas y reglas. Se analizan tres instituciones educativas (Escola Normal Rural da Arquidiocese, Escola Normal Rural La Salle e Escola Normal Rural Murialdo), mostrando más evidencia más de los deportes en la Escuela Normal Rural La Salle de Cerro Largo. Esta escuela, una vez convertida en Escuela de Educación Básica, dejó de lado la cuestión dela formación docente, pero mantuvo la preocupación por los deportes.

This article forms part of a study in which treatment was sought in order to know the area of sport in physical education in compulsory secondary education in the province of Huelva. In this article we focus on aspects that teachers have in mind when choosing the sports content. We examine a total of 63 teachers who were given a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS (13.0). The main findings are that the sport is content that has greater presence in our classrooms, being team sports the most developed. As for the main reasons for choosing facilities and find that materials are crucial. Another aspect is also taken into account is that content is motivating and innovative, interest and student demand, and self-knowledge and command of the teacher about the different sports., El presente trabajo forma parte de un estudio en el que se pretendió conocer el tratamiento del deporte dentro de área de educación física en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de la Provincia de Huelva. En este artículo nos centramos en los aspectos que los docentes tienen en cuenta a la hora de elegir los contenidos deportivos. Para ello se analizó un total de 63 profesores a los que se les suministró un cuestionario. Los datos fueron analizados usando el paquete estadístico SPSS (13.0). Entre los principales resultados encontramos que el deporte es el contenido que mayor presencia tiene en nuestras clases, siendo los deportes colectivos los más desarrollados. En cuanto a los principales motivos de elección encontramos que las instalaciones y los materiales son determinantes. Otro aspecto que también se tiene en cuenta es que los contenidos sean motivadores y novedosos, el interés y la demanda de los alumnos, y el propio conocimiento y dominio del profesor sobre los diferentes deportes.

Idrottsprofilerad utbildning i gymnasieskolan

Competitive sport probably constitutes, the most important sport manifestation among children at school age. The aim of this study is to analyze the teachers? perception about the competitive sports as a mean for teaching and learning in Primary Education.To reach this aim, a questionnaire has been use. The sample consists of 140 teachers. From the results it has been concluded that competition is a good instrument for the training and education of children., El deporte de competición constituye, probablemente, la manifestación deportiva más importante en niños en edad escolar. El objetivo de este estudio es el analizar la apreciación de los profesores sobre la competición deportiva como medio de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación primaria. Para alcanzar este objetivo se utiliza un cuestionario. La muestra está compuesta por 140 profesores. De los resultados se deduce que la competición es un buen instrumento para la formación y educación de los niños.

This paper examines the relationship between the discursive and material practices associated with school sport and physical education and the formation of particular classed and gendered subjectivities; and how these, in turn, impact on young women’s potential life chances. In so doing, the paper will attempt to go beyond an understanding of ‘subjectivity’ as formed in relation to cultural and institutional discourses, to engage with the notion of ability or ‘embodied capacity’ as a form of physical capital (Shilling 1993) which has particular salience in a consumerist ‘performance’ motivated market economy and which is differentially made available in schools. This argument will be developed through the examination of the material and discursive contexts of two Australian schools: an elite private girls’ school and a coeducational government school which draws primarily from young people living a low socio-economic suburb.

[ES]En este artículo se recogen las opiniones de las familias de tres centros escolares (Azkue ikastola de Lekeitio, Betiko ikastola de Leioa y Seber Altube ikastola de Gernika), pertenecientes a la Federación de Ikastolas de Bizkaia (FIB/BIE). Las opiniones recogidas están relacionadas con una manera propia de entender el deporte escolar, que se va a ver materializada en la expresión de sus sueños. Estas opiniones han sido recogidas por los coordinadores de los centros, a través de los debates que se desarrollaban en losgrupos de discusión convocados al efecto con diferentes audiencias (escolares, familias, monitores, profesores y direcciones de los centros). El proceso de investigación seguido en el seminario se centra en procesos de interpelación, interrogación, contrastación y redefinición, por lo que se ajusta a un estudio cualitativo que se centra en la construcción conjunta del conocimiento (Pérez Gómez,1994, Imbernon, 1994).

The subject of this research is to know what social agents help to introduce sportive practices and what the level of compromise is. The population having participated in this study has been 643 students of Primary and Secondary School, all of them living in the same region of Aragón. The job was performed following a quantitative methodology by using inquiries reported into an auto-administrated format. The inquiries data process has been done with the software SPSS 133.0, the results show descriptive analyses of the different inquired variables as well as inferencial analyses. The results emphasize that the parents and even the students are the main social agents helping sportive practices. Teachers, trainers and professional sport-men are the group obtaining the poorest results. It has been found a relationship with educational cycle variable (p=.027), sportive practices expectations and model of sportive school (p=0.24)., O objeto desta investigação é saber o que os agentes sociais ajudam consolidar a prática do esporte e a que extensão. Os participants neste estudo foram 643 estudantes da Educação Primária e de Educação Secundária Obrigatória que vivem em uma região de Aragón. Nós fizemos o trabalho com a metodologia quantitative, exames, questionário do autoadministrado. A análise de dados foi realizado informaticamente com o SPSS 13.0, apresentando análises descritivas das diferentes variáveis propostas, bem como análises inferencial. Dos resultados nós emfatizaremos que os pais e próprio corpo discente são os agentes socializando mais importantes. Os professores, os instrutores e os desportista do elite são os grupos que obtiveram os resultados os mais pobres. Nós encontramos a relação com o ciclo educative das variáveis (p=.027), expectativas da prática do esporte e modelo da escola do esporte (p=.024)., El objeto de esta investigación es conocer qué agentes sociales ayudan a consolidar la práctica deportiva y en qué medida. Los participantes en este estudio han sido 643 estudiantes de Educación Primaria y de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria que viven en una comarca de Aragón. Abordamos el trabajo con la metodología cuantitativa, mediante encuestas, cuestionario autoadministrado. Las técnicas cuantitativas de análisis de datos, han sido realizadas informáticamente con el SPSS 13.0, presentando análisis descriptivos de las diferentes variables planteadas, así como análisis inferencial. Entre los resultados destacaremos que los padres y el propio alumnado son los agentes socializadores más importantes. Profesores, técnicos deportivos y deportistas de elite son los grupos que han obtenido los resultados más pobres. Hemos encontrado relación con las variables ciclo educativo (p=.027), expectativas de la práctica deportiva y modelo de escuela deportiva (p=.024).

This study theoretically presupposes that the individual is an integral entity, therefore, education should take place according to the harmonious development of all the facets of a child's being. Even in antiquity, physical education and sport were seen to be important for a balanced education. Every society implements physical education and sport according to own needs and requirements, according certain values to sport, which values are reviewed in this study. A literature study corroborates that the intellectual, physical and social development of the child undoubtedly forms part of the total environment of the educative process. Exclusion of any facet could cause an imbalance in the development of the child. Incorporation of physical education and sport in the post-apartheid educational dispensation of South Africa forms the later part of the investigation. Various factors in South Africa have an influence on the role and place of physical education and sport within the curriculum. Government involvement in sport can determine the place of sport in society and in the curriculum. The readmittance of South Africa into international participation and changes in the political policy also play a role. These factors pose the challenge and facilitate the possibility to reinstate physical education and sport at schools. The structure of South African sport is undergoing a total change and the role players in the sports fraternity are now faced with numerous challenges and opportunities. Reinstating physical education and sport in the school curriculum serves a vital role in the reconstruction and development of a healthy and well-balanced society. Furthermore, reinstatement could reverse the consequences of social and economic injustices. Research undertaken in Australia, also provides some answers to problems for the South African situation. It proposes new initiatives that could be of help to the relevant role players in the planning of physical education and school

[Resumen] El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación de la autoconfianza con el rendimiento, procedencia, logros y edad en voleibolistas peruanas en categoría de formación. El estudio es de naturaleza no experimental, transeccional correlacional. Se estudió a 86 voleibolistas, de edades entre 12 y 16 años (M=15.59-DT=0.74), a quienes se les aplicó el inventario de confianza deportiva (reproductividad de .992). Los resultados demuestran que existe una correlación positiva, estadísticamente significativa, entre falta de confianza y rendimiento (r = .310; p < .01), falta de confianza y procedencia (r = .280; p < .01); confianza y edad (r = .244; p < .05); exceso de confianza y logros (r = .235; p < .05); nivel de autoconfianza y edad (r = .236; p < .05). Por otro, que existe una correlación negativa, también estadísticamente significativa, entre confianza y procedencia (r = -.342; p < .01); exceso de confianza y rendimiento (r = -.399; p < .01); nivel de autoconfianza y procedencia (r = -.387; p < .01). Se concluye que la autoconfianza en gran medida se asocia con el rendimiento deportivo, región geográfica de donde provienen y edad que presentan las voleibolistas, excepto con los logros deportivos obtenidos en categoría de formación., [Abstract] The objective of the present research was to determine the relation between the selfconfidence and the performance, place of origin, achievements and age of Peruvian volleyball players players in training category. This is a non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional study. A total of 86 volleyball players, between 12 and 16 years old (age M=15.59-TD=0.74) were studied. The sports confidence inventory was applied to these volleyball players (reproducibility of .992). The results show that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between lack of confidence and performance (r = .310; p < .01), lack of confidence and provenance (r = .280; p < .01); confidence and age (r = .244; p < .05); overconfidence and achievements (r = .235; p < .05); level of self-confidence and age (r = .236; p < .05). On the other hand, there is a negative correlation, also statistically significant, between confidence and provenance (r = -.342; p < .01); overconfidence and yield (r = -.399; p < .01); self-confidence level and provenance (r = -.387; p < .01). It is concluded that selfconfidence is to a large extent associated with sports performance, the geographical region from which they come and the age of the volleyball players, except with the sports achievements obtained in training category.

[Resumen] El fútbol prebenjamín es un escenario formativo-deportivo con una alta participación de alumnos y familiares. Los aprendizajes que los niños construyen complementan los propósitos educativos del colegio. En la actualidad, existe preocupación por los comportamientos agresivos que se exhiben con recurrencia. Este estudio tiene por objetivo identificar los aprendizajes emergentes que el niño construye con origen en el deporte escolar.Se desarrolla un estudio de caso etnográfico que se vertebra desde la observación participante con 10 equipos de fútbol prebenjamín, en el que se considera la participación de entrenadores, familiares y organizadores durante 207 sesiones de observación durante un curso académico completo. Se complementa con las estrategias metodológicas del dato cualitativo en la imagen y las entrevistas semiestructuradas con 21 maestros.Los resultados más destacados evidencian un uso de la normativa del fútbol prebenjamín orientada hacia el resultado, desencadenando la capitalización de aprendizajes con un sentido de búsqueda de la victoria y justificación del fracaso. Según se gestionen estos aprendizajes favorecen la adherencia, el abandono e, incluso, la emergencia de comportamientos agresivos. El estudio reflexiona sobre la pertinencia de que el resultado considere los propósitos educativos implícitos al deporte escolar, con implicación proactiva del entorno adulto., [Abstract] Under-7’s football is a formative-sporting framework with a high level of participation among students and family members. The learning that the children acquire complements dime of the educational purposes of the school. Currently, there is a concern about the aggressive behaviors that are exhibited with recurrence. This study aims at inquiring about the emerging learning that the child constructs in its origin in the school sport and identifying those that are derived towards adherence, dropping-out and aggressiveness. The research is developed through an ethnographic study that is structured from the participant observation of 10 under-7’s football teams of La Rioja (Spain). The participation of children, coaches, relatives and organizers is considered during the observation of 207 sessions during a complete schoolyear. The study is carried out along with the study of methodological strategies of qualitative data in the image and semi-structured interviews with 21 teachers.The outstanding results show a use of the football normative oriented towards the result, which triggers the capitalization of learning with a sense of pursuit of victory and justification of failure. The management of these learnings may favor the adherence, abandonment and, even, the emergence of aggressive behavior. The study reflects on the relevance of the result considering the educational purposes implicit in school sports, with proactive involvement of the adult environment.

[Resumen] Editorial del número 1, del volumen 4 (2018), de la revista Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity

[Resumen] El entorno de la Educación Física escolar es uno de los campos de estudio menos tratados para abordar los antecedentes y orígenes del fútbol en España. Partiendo de esta premisa, el objeto de estudio de este artículo es el de adéntranos a una revisión histórica sobre esta cuestión. La introducción del fútbol en las clases de Gimnástica del Instituto de segunda enseñanza de Palma de Mallorca por iniciativa del profesor Adolfo Fernández Revuelta ofrece la posibilidad de extrapolar la situación a otros institutos y colegios del país. Un estudio histórico de base documental y la interpretación constructivista de los hechos conducen a una exposición que se muestra concluyente para precisar que el entorno escolar de los colegios e institutos de segunda enseñanza fue decisivo para que el fútbol emergiera con éxito entre la juventud española de principios del siglo XX., [Abstract] School physical education is one of the fields of study that have received the least attention when dealing with the historical background and origins of football in Spain. On this consideration, the object of study of this article is to initiate a historical review on this question. The inclusion of football as part of Gymnastics lessons at the Palma de Mallorca secondary school, on the initiative of the teacher Adolfo Fernández Revuelta, provides an opportunity to extrapolate this situation to other schools and colleges in the country. A historical document-based study and a constructivist interpretation of events lead to the firm conclusion that secondary schooling was a decisive factor in the emerging popularity of football among Spanish youth at the start of the 20th century.