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Electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) is a powerful technique for estimating element-specific magnetic moments of materials on nanoscale with the potential to reach atomic resolution in transmission electron microscopes. However, the fundamentally weak EMCD signal strength complicates quantification of magnetic moments, as this requires very high precision, especially in the denominator of the sum rules. Here, we employ a statistical resampling technique known as bootstrapping to an experimental EMCD dataset to produce an empirical estimate of the noise-dependent error distribution resulting from application of EMCD sum rules to bcc iron in a 3-beam orientation. We observe clear experimental evidence that noisy EMCD signals preferentially bias the estimation of magnetic moments, further supporting this with error distributions produced by Monte-Carlo simulations. Finally, we propose guidelines for the recognition and minimization of this bias in the estimation of magnetic moments.

The purpose of this research is to study the scanning and digitalization, aimed to process in reverse engineering, as well as the inspection of machined pieces. These activities are essential in different tasks related to the release of the final product, since they allow us to visualize the objects, by using virtual 3D models, and at the same time analyze them, sizing them and even replicate them. (Quintanilla, 2017) These processes will be described as part of the development of this article. The importance of this investigation is when a final product is obtained from physical pieces, which is not an easy process, because there is not a manufacturing plane, there is when the reverse engineering process is needed. (Reversing) The principal motivation of this process is to obtain enough knowledge about a final product, and then replicated it as similar as possible. (Garrote, 2018). The origin of this technology is not new, due to it has been used since the very first civilizations, when the replicas of tools and machines started, being the Second World War the boom of this technology. Now a days the range of application has been focused on the modern industry and the recovery of the world cultural heritage., La presente investigación tiene como estudio el tema de escaneo y digitalización en materia de procesos para la ingeniería inversa y la inspección de piezas mecanizadas, estas actividades resultan esenciales en los trabajos relacionados con la liberación de producto terminado, ya que nos permiten visualizar en primer instancia y de manera real objetos por medio de modelos 3D virtuales, para poder analizarlos, dimensionarlos e incluso reproducirlos (Quintanilla, 2017) estos procesos serán descritos como parte del desarrollo de este artículo. El plus a esta presente investigación es cuando se realizan actividades para la obtención de un producto final a partir de piezas físicas; lo cual no siempre resulta fácil, ya que no se cuenta con plano alguno de fabricación, y es donde se recurre al proceso que se denomina Ingeniera Inversa (Reversing). En donde Reversing se refiere a dar la vuelta al proceso de elaboración de un producto final, y la principal motivación es obtener el conocimiento suficiente sobre un producto final para poder reproducir de manera total o parcial el objeto analizado de manera más fiel posible (Garrote , 2018). El origen de esta tecnología no es nuevo, ya que se ha usado desde las primeras civilizaciones, cuando se comenzaron a replicar herramientas y maquinas, teniendo como auge el periodo de la segunda guerra mundial, y hoy en día su campo de aplicación se ha centrado en la industria moderna y en la recuperación del patrimonio cultural de la humanidad.

The current paper is an attempt at a study of the grammar and meaning of atemporal complement clauses in Assamese from a Cognitive linguistics point of view. Assamese is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Assam, a northeastern province of India. It is the native tongue of the Assamese and is currently spoken by more than twenty million people both as a native tongue and as a link language in the northeastern India.Grammar, in Cognitive linguistics, is not independent of meaning, rather any grammatical form is motivated by its underlying semantics, i.e. how the event or the situation is construed by the speaker. Thus, depending on the construal involved, clausal complementation takes different grammatical forms. One type of clausal complementation is atemporal complementation, traditionally called non-finite complementation. One core dimension that the construal of atemporal complementation is based on is atemporalization, which involves a conceptual shift from the relational concept (as encoded typically by a verb) to a thing or object (as encoded typically by a noun) having an ontological existence, which is often called reification. Thus, the verb in the atemporal complement clause is realized in the non-finite form, i.e. it is left ungrounded in time. This in turn also means that typically the situation expressed by the complement clause involves what is called summary scanning in cognitive linguistics. Atemporal complementization also may involve another dimension of construal, i.e. the principle of Figure and Ground.The present paper identifies the atemporal complementizers in Assamese and their grammar and meaning. Assamese has at least five such complementizers and accordingly the language has at least five different types of atemporal complement clauses with their own semantics. In describing these atemporal complement clauses, the paper also shows that although atemporal they may not fully cancel out sequential scanning. This supports the view that that the d

Signal theory predicts organisms should evolve signals that are conspicuous to intended receivers in natural signalling environments. Cleaner shrimps remove ectoparasites from reef fish clients and many signal their intent to clean by whipping long, white antennae. As white is a reliably conspicuous colour in aquatic environments, we hypothesized that selection has acted to increase broad-spectrum antennal reflectance in cleaners. Using scanning electron microscopy, optical models and reflectance measurements, we found that the antennae in three obligate cleaner species from two families (Palaemonidae and Lysmatidae) had thick (∼6 µm) chitinous layers or densely packed high refractive index spheres (300-400 nm diameter), which models show increase reflectance (400-700 nm). Two facultative and non-cleaning species had no visible antennae ultrastructure beyond the chitinous exoskeleton. Antennae reflectance was significantly higher in obligate cleaners than in facultative and non-cleaning species. Our results suggest that some obligate cleaners may have evolved ultrastructures that increase the conspicuousness of their antennae as signals.

Spatial Translations (Rum i översättning) explores how point cloud scanning, a new technical tool for spatial documentation, also has the possibility to be generative in a new design process within interior architecture and furniture design. The tool has streamlined the process of gathering spatial information and provides a detailed digital basis for further designing. I believe that all tools and materials that the architect uses, affect the design work in different ways. This project explores how this new type of digital material, with a greater amount of spatial information and interpretations, actively can influence further design that takes place in the scanned space. The constant development of technical and virtual means within the profession has a major impact on future architecture and the built environment around us. It is important to increase the understanding of the technology as well as to be critical and innovative about its impact and possibilities in a creative practice. The investigation of the technology is explored theoretically and practically in different spatial contexts as well as in digital manipulations of the information. Spatial Translations is inspired by colleagues, such as Interiors Matter, who have used point cloud scanning in other projects. This project tests and takes on similar explorations and materialization methods, but in a different context and implemented design. In the practical examination of the digital information, interesting misscans and spatial manipulations are found. These errors are the scanners perception of the rooms and occurs through various spatial challenges it was faced with. The project concludes that the technology offers a large amount of detailed digital and spatial material that is inspiring in many ways for new developments of ideas in further design processes.

The application of lenses combined with array antennas (also known as dome arrays or dome antennas) to the next generation of terrestrial and satellite communication systems brings a wide range of advantages in terms of improved radiation performance, reconfigurability in the use case, and reduction in power consumption. To facilitate the industrial implementation of dome antennas, highly efficient simulation tools are required. In this paper, we present a streamlined implementation of ray tracing for fast and efficient numerical analysis of the far-field radiation performance of 2D multilayer dielectric lenses combined with phased arrays. Unlike commercial physical-optical methods, our proposed ray-tracing method is capable of computing the effects of internal reflections in the dome in a multilayer configuration. In addition, the method estimates the absorption losses as a result of the Joule effect. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we provide comparisons of the simulated radiation patterns using our proposed ray tracing with the results obtained from commercial full-wave simulation tools., QC 20240905

In the digital age, the proliferation of personal data within databases has made them prime targets for cyberattacks. As the volume of data increases, so does the frequency and sophistication of these attacks. This thesis investigates database security threats by deploying open source database honeypots to gather threat intelligence. We utilized five different honeypots at various interaction levels, deploying a total of 275 low-interaction, 50 medium-interaction, and 8 high-interaction honeypots over 20 to 23 days to collect a wide range of adversarial data. Through this deployment, we gathered 37, 618, 111 log entries from 8, 786 IPs. Our analysis of these logs indicate that databases exposed to the internet are most likely to be dis-covered within an hour of deployment due to pervasive internet scanning. Additionally, we found that adversaries exhibit preferences for attacking certain database management systems, engage in irregular attack frequencies marked by short bursts, utilize diverse tools, and exploit both cloud service providers and infected machines. The findings also provide a high-level overview and analysis of observed attacks, including remote code execution, worms, botnets, data theft, and cryptojacking., Computer Science

Massive multiple input multiple output - MIMO systems are a reality and modern communication systems rely upon this technology to cope with the increasing need for capacity and network usage. Antenna arrays are at the heart of the of the massive-MIMO system and are the enabling technology. The defining cost of such a system is the number of transmit receive ports TRx as they dictate the number of control points and the associated digital control computational capacity. Typically users are spread along the azimuth and there is limited angular user spread along elevation. This enables us to group the elements in elevation which of course limits the elevation scanning performance. The element grouping result in grating lobes when we do elevation scanning. In the newly introduced frequency range 3 - FR3 in the envisioned 6G communication systems that is from 6-20 GHz it will not be allowed to transmit power above the horizon and the resulting grating lobes from the standard grouping should be mitigated. This project is structured into two parts. In the first part a grating lobe mitigation technique based on irregular subarray grouping utilizing the wellknown Penrose irregular tessellation is developed. This tessellation is based into two geometrical shapes where when put together they can fully tile the space aperiodically. Introducing this apperiodicity the grating or quantization lobes of the array are mitigated. In addition, in the first part a beam forming algorithm is developed based on particle swarm optimization that is able to produce the optimal weights for the array steering as well as optimize some of the embedded patterns of the irregular grouping. The last optimization step of the irregular subarray patterns is utilized only when the grouping results in a narrow pattern in azimuth and as a result we have static single port beamforming networks. This of course is a trade off between the broadside gain and the azimuth steerability of the array. In the second, Dagens moderna kommunikationssystem använder sig av Massive multiple input multiple output (m-MIMO) för att kunna möta det allt större kraven på kapacitet och nätverksanvändning. Gruppantenner är den mest fundamentala delen av massive-MIMO system och möjliggör dess funktion. För ett sådant system (m-MIMO-system), så kommer den största kostnaden från antalet sändare/mottagare (TRx) -portar som används. Antalet portar i ett massiveMIMO system bestämmer vilken kapacitet systemet har till hands när det gäller lobformning. Vanligtvis är användare utspridda i det horisontella planet, samtidigt som de är begränsade i sin spridning i höjdled. Detta möjliggör användandet av en gruppantenn som grupperar sina antennelement i höjdled, vilket såklart begränsar gruppantennens lobformning i höjdled. Grupperandet av antennelement skapar sidlober när gruppantennen lobformar i höjdled. I det nya frekvensbandet, 3 - FR3 i det föreställda 6G kommunikationssystemet som opererar mellan 6-20 GHz, så kommer det inte att vara tillåtet att sända ut effekt över horisonten, samtidigt som de sidlober som kommer från standardgruppering måste begränsas. Detta projekt är strukturerat i två delar. I första delen så presenteras ett sätt att lindra sidlober, som baseras på irreguljära gruppantenner via Penrose tessellation. Denna tessellation är indelad i två geometriska former sådan att när vi sätter ihop dem så kan de framgångsrikt täcka vår geometri icke-periodvist. Genom att introducera denna icke-periodicitet så kan sidloberna från gruppanetnnen lindras. Utöver detta så är också så är en lobformningsalgoritm skapad som baseras på particle swarm optimization (PSO), som kan skapa de optimala vikterna för lobformning och lobstyrning. Det sista optimiseringssteget av de irreguljära gruppantennmönstret används bara när gruppering av antennelement resulterar i ett snävt mönster i azimut-riktning. Därför använder vi ett statiskt enportsmatningsnätverk. Detta är såklart en vägning mellan bredsideförstär

Detailed description of antennal sensory organs of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) and a comparison with L. zonatus (Dallas, 1852) are presented. A novel approach that combines the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to detail micromorphological structures. A simplified classification system for sensilla that eliminates the subjective aspects of morphology, such as their shape, is proposed. Fourteen sensory organs have been classified into three main groups: (a) aporous sensilla with a flexible socket, (b) porous sensilla with a flexible socket and (c) porous sensilla with an inflexible socket. A large variety of sensory organs (nine types) with olfactory functions are described. The antennal sensory organs have been recognized as one of the factors responsible for the evolutionary success of Leptoglossus spp. and their status as important pests and invasive species.

The site of this diploma project is the small hilltop village of Poggio Aquilone. The village, situated in the region of Umbria in central Italy, lies roughly halfway between Rome and Florence. The Region of Umbria is one of the least populated in Italy, characterized by its hills, river valleys and historical towns such as Assisi, Terni, Todi, Orvieto and the regional capital of Perugia with its 160.000 inhabitants. It is the only landlocked region in central Italy, bordered by Lazio to the south, Marche to the east and Tuscany to the west and north. Primary industries include agriculture, textile, and steel. Tourism has, historically, been relatively modest in Umbria compared to its neighboring regions. Poggio Aquilone, traces its ancestry centuries back, but similar to countless small villages and settlements across Italy and other rural parts of Europe, Poggio Aquilone’s population is dwindling. The youth, in particular, are migrating to larger urban conurbations such as Perugia or Rome. Within the next few decades, two-thirds of the world’s population will live in urban areas, and with urbanization comes large challenges for rural communities. In the specific case of Italy, many of the affected places are of great cultural- and historical value. Old buildings are oftentimes left abandoned and in a state of disrepair, while the rate of new developments and resource waste continue to soar. However, there is a lot of untapped potential in many countryside towns and villages – both social, economic, and cultural – that larger cities lack. The proximity to nature, an affordable cost of living and a peaceful and quiet environment to name a few. An increasing number of city dwellers are missing these valuable factors. The project strives to explore how architectural strategies can be utilized to strengthen the independence of Poggio Aquilone through means of rural tourism – safeguarding its character and history while improving conditions for long term survival. The

Respiration rate is an important healthcare indicator, and it has become a popular research topic in remote healthcare applications with Internet of Things. Existing respiration monitoring systems have limitations in terms of convenience, comfort, and privacy, etc. This paper presents a contactless and real-time respiration monitoring system, the so-called Wi-Breath, based on off-the-shelf WiFi devices. The system monitors respiration with both the amplitude and phase difference of the WiFi channel state information (CSI), which is sensitive to human body micro movement. The phase information of the CSI signal is considered and both the amplitude and phase difference are used. For better respiration detection accuracy, a signal selection method is proposed to select an appropriate signal from the amplitude and phase difference based on a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the Wi-Breath achieves an accuracy of 91.2% for respiration detection, and has a 17.0% reduction in average error in comparison with state-of-the-art counterparts.

I ishockey krävs det snabba beslut och lyckade aktioner för att kunna vinna matcher. Därför är det viktigt att kunna genomföra skanningar för att kunna genomföra aktioner på ett effektivt sätt. Att skanna innebär att man vrider på huvudet eller kroppen från pucken för att få en uppfattning om var mot- och medspelare befinner sig. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur skanningsbeteendet predicerar prestationen samt hur skanningsfrekvensen skiljer sig åt mellan olika aktioner bland spelare i Svenska Damhockeyligan (SDHL). Genom att analysera verkliga matcher i SDHL så undersöks elitspelare i sin naturliga prestationsmiljö. Analysen har gjorts med hjälp av analysprogrammet Dartfish där 10 matcher med tre olika lag valdes ut för analys, 3393 sekvenser analyserades varav 1747 användes för att nå fram till ett resultat. Resultatet tyder på att skanning ger förbättrat odds att lyckas med nästkommande aktion. Samt att skanningsfrekvensen var högre vid aktionerna fri yta, passning direkt till spelare och passning fri yta jämfört med aktionerna skott och styrning. Dock visade det sig att skott hade högre skanningsfrekvens än styrning. Föreliggande studie vill förmedla hur viktigt skanning kan vara i ishockey och hur skanning kan ge en fördel till det puckförande laget., Ice hockey demands quick calls and successful actions to be able to win games. It is therefore important to scan the environment to make effective actions. To scan means that you turn your head or your body away from the puck to get an idea of where the opponents and your team-mates are located. The purpose of this study is to examine how visual scanning behavior can prejudice performance and how the frequency of scanning differs between different actions amongst players in the Swedish women hockey league (SDHL). By analyzing real games in SDHL we get to see the elite players in their natural performance environment. The analysis was conducted in the program dartfish where we gathered 10 games with three different teams. 3393 sequences were analyzed which led to that 1747 was used to get our result. The result shows that scanning creates improved odds in making the next performance successful. The study shows that an action gives improved odds in creating a successful performance for the participants in this study. It also showed that the scanning frequency was higher when the players actions was free space, passing straight to teammate and passning on free space than shooting and deflecting. Shooting showed higher scanning frequency than deflecting. This study wants to mediate how important scanning behavior is in ice hockey and how scanning can give the puck carrying team an advantage, Föreliggande studie har framställts i sammarbete med Linus Sjösten. Insamlad data, analys av data och andra delar av studien har framtagits gemensamt.

I ishockey krävs det snabba beslut och lyckade aktioner för att kunna vinna matcher. Därför är det viktigt att kunna genomföra skanningar för att kunna genomföra aktioner på ett bra sätt. Att skanna innebär att man vrider på huvudet eller kroppen från pucken för att få en uppfattning om var mot- och medspelare befinner sig. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur skanningsbeteendet predicerar prestationen samt hur skanningsfrekvensen skiljer sig åt mellan olika aktioner bland spelare i Svenska Damhockeyligan (SDHL). Genom att analysera verkliga matcher i SDHL så visas elitspelare i sin naturliga prestationsmiljö. Analysen har gjorts med hjälp av analysprogrammet Dartfish där 10 matcher med tre olika lag valdes ut för analys, 3393 sekvenser analyserades varav 1747 användes för att nå fram till vårt resultat. Resultatet påvisar att skanning ger förbättrat odds att lyckas med nästkommande aktion. Vidare tyder studien på att skanningsfrekvensen var högre vid aktioner som på något sätt förde spelet framåt i banan, dessa aktioner var passning direkt till spelare, passning fri yta och fri yta. Studien visade också att vid skott och täckning av puck var skanningsfrekvens lägre än vid de tidigare nämnda aktionerna dock hade skott statistiskt signifikant högre skanningsfrekvens än täckning av puck. För aktionen styrning fanns ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad. Föreliggande studie vill förmedla hur viktigt skanning kan vara i ishockey, hur skanning kan ge en fördel till det puckförande laget., Ice hockey demands quick calls and successful actions to be able to win games. It is therefore important to scan the environment to make good actions. To scan means that you turn your head or your body away from the puck to get an idea of where the opponents and your team-mates are located. The purpose of this study is to examine how visual scanning behavior can prejudice performance and how the frequency of scanning differs between different actions amongst players in the Swedish women hockey league (SDHL). By analyzing real games in SDHL we get to see the elite players in their natural performance environment. The analysis was conducted in the program dartfish where we gathered 10 games with three different teams. 3393 sequences was analyzed which led to that 1747 was used to get our result.The result shows that scanning creates improved odds in making the next performance successful. Further the study shows that scanning frequency was higher when the idea of the action was to move the game towards the offensive zone, these actions was passing directly to a player, passing to an open space and moving yourself with the puck to an open space. The study also showed that when shooting and covering the puck the scanning frequency was lower than those actions before, though shooting had statistically significant higher scanning frequency than covering the puck. The action deflection was shown to not be statistically significant.With this study we want to mediate how important scanning behavior is in ice hockey and how scanning can give the puck carrying team an advantage., Föreliggande studie har framställts i samarbete med Anton Josefsson. Insamlad data, analys av data och andra delar av studien har framtagits gemensamt.

Past, Present, Future is an immersive and interactive art installation that seeks to put displaced Congolese and African artwork - commonly displayed in world museums - into their original cultural context. The exhibit's immersive experience sheds light on the colonial exploitation of African peoples and their lifestyles: specifically the expropriation of lived African spiritual and artistic expressions. These artifacts - sometimes stolen outright, sometimes obtained through imbalanced terms of trade, and sometimes obtained by fair bargain - often appear in exhibits as disembodied objects devoid of explanation or reinterpreted through the conceptions of the exploiters. This phenomenon has historically supported the consciousness of colonialism and now of post- and neo-colonialism, maintaining its propagation through museums, schools, and other institutions worldwide. The exhibition is composed of a virtual environment in addition to projection mapping. The visual, aural, and interactive elements engage with and challenge the viewer's culturally conditioned ways of thought regarding artwork "consumption." This thesis, building on the exhibition, examines the possibilities of employing evolving technology and coding toward the long-term task of "softly" repatriating displaced artifacts while starting a conversation about physical repatriation and providing a model that Congolese scholars and artists can use to preserve and reclaim their cultural heritage.

The case of Nairobi County, Kenya, serves as evidence that identity-based conflicts pose persistent difficulties on a global scale. In this region, the convergence of various ethnic and cultural identities sometimes gives rise to strained relations and episodes of violence. The present study investigates the efficacy of biometric technology in mitigating identity-related challenges within the jurisdiction of Nairobi County. A descriptive survey study was conducted, involving 300 participants. Among these participants, 280 were government employees who were actively involved in routine biometric operations, and the remaining 20 were people who had experienced identity-related conflicts. The Yamane technique was employed to choose a sample of 171 respondents. The data collection process encompassed the use of questionnaires, interviews, and observation techniques, which collectively unveiled compelling evidence supporting the substantial role of biometric modalities in both identity maintenance and conflict resolution. These technologies facilitate the acceleration of procedures, mitigate fraudulent activities, and augment accountability, particularly in critical domains such as voting and the dispensation of social assistance. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge the existence of some obstacles in the realm of data quality, privacy, and inclusivity. These problems underscore the importance of establishing a comprehensive legal framework and implementing public awareness initiatives. This study highlights the significance of adopting a well-rounded strategy that protects individual liberties while optimizing the advantages of biometric modalities in tackling identity-related challenges within Nairobi County. The results of this study provide significant contributions to professionals, governmental organizations, and policymakers engaged in identity verification and conflict resolution. These findings enhance our comprehension of the role of technology in addr

Recent advances in volume electron microscopy (vEM) allow unprecedented visualization of the electron-dense structures of cells, tissues and model organisms at nanometric resolution in three dimensions (3D). Light-based microscopy has been widely used for specific localization of proteins; however, it is restricted by the diffraction limit of light, and lacks the ability to identify underlying structures. Here, we describe a protocol for ultrastructural detection, in three dimensions, of a protein (Connexin 43) expressed in the intercalated disc region of adult murine heart. Our protocol does not rest on the expression of genetically encoded proteins and it overcomes hurdles related to pre-embedding and immunolabeling, such as the penetration of the label and the preservation of the tissue. The pre-embedding volumetric immuno-electron microscopy (pre-embedding vIEM) protocol presented here combines several practical strategies to balance sample fixation with antigen and ultrastructural preservation, and penetration of labeling with blocking of non-specific antigen binding sites. The small 1.4 nm gold along with surrounded silver used as a detection marker buried in the sample also serves as a functional conductive resin that significantly reduces the charging of samples. Our protocol also presents strategies for facilitating the successful cutting of the samples during serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) imaging. Our results suggest that the small gold-based pre-embedding vIEM is an ideal labeling method for molecular localization throughout the depth of the sample at subcellular compartments and membrane microdomains.

Visual exploration (scanning) of one’s environment is a key aspect in team sports. Based on Gibson’s (1979) ecological approach of visual perception, this study aims to advance the understanding of scanning by focusing on the direction of head movements in football and its implications for subsequent on-ball actions. The video-based data analysis consisted of nine selected matches and 162 players of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) U17 and U21 European Championship 2019. The results indicate that the direction of the last scan prior to receiving the ball is related to the foot used for the first ball contact. This relationship was further analysed in view of the game context (direction of play and opponent pressure) and with information about the player’s dominant foot. The findings reveal a relationship between the direction of the last scan before receiving the ball and the direction the game is proceeded in. Further, when a player performs the last scan to the side of their dominant foot, the probability increases that their dominant foot is used for the subsequent first ball contact. Depending on the direction of the last scan, opponent pressure had various effects on the foot used for the first contact.

Le comportement au cisaillement des discontinuités rocheuses est principalement régi par la rugosité de surface. Il est donc essentiel de connaître les caractéristiques de la rugosité de surface des discontinuités afin de prédire leur résistance au cisaillement et leur comportement. La numérisation 3D est souvent utilisée pour obtenir des informations sur la surface d'une discontinuité rocheuse donnée. Il est cependant peu pratique de scanner une faille ou un joint rocheux souterrains qui ne sont pas entièrement accessibles. L’objectif de cette étude consiste à développer une procédure permettant de reconstruire la rugosité de surface d'une grande discontinuité rocheuse en utilisant des mesures à partir d’un nombre limité et dispersé échantillons. Plus précisément, nous tenterons de prédire la rugosité de surface à des endroits non échantillonnés de la surface rocheuse. Le processus de prédiction découle de méthodes géostatistiques et englobe une modélisation des variogrammes et la méthode d’interpolation Krigeage. La rugosité des surfaces reconstruites à partir des échantillons numérisés répartis sur toute la surface a été évaluée sur la base du paramètre statistique Z2 (valeurs de la dérivée première quadratique moyenne) et comparée aux valeurs Z2 obtenues à partir de la grande surface originale. Les résultats ont montré que la procédure géostatistique donne des résultats satisfaisants par rapport à la surface originale, avec une erreur de Z2 pouvant atteindre 7% pour une couverture de la surface inférieure à 60%. En proposant cette méthode, on peut caractériser avec une certaine précision la rugosité d’une surface inaccessible tout en abordant le défi de la dépendance à l'échelle., The shear behaviour of rock joints is mainly governed by the surface roughness. Therefore, it is essential to know the characteristics of the surface roughness of rock discontinuities to predict their shear resistance and behaviour. 3D scanning is often used to obtain information on the surface of a given rock joint. However, it is impractical to scan an underground fault or rock joint that is not fully accessible. The goal of this study is to develop a procedure aiming at reconstructing the surface roughness of a large rock joint using limited and dispersed sample measurements. More specifically, we will attempt to predict the surface roughness at non-sampled locations of the rock surface. The prediction process is based on geostatistics and encompasses variogram modelling and kriging interpolation method. The roughness of the joint surfaces reconstructed from the scanned samples spread over the entire surface was evaluated based on the Z2 statistical parameter (values of the average quadratic derivative) and compared to the Z2 values obtained from the original large joint surface. The results showed that the geostatistical procedure gives satisfying results compared to the original surface, with a Z2 error lower to 7% for a surface coverage of less than 60%. By proposing this method, one can accurately characterize the roughness of an inaccessible surface while addressing the challenge of scale dependence.

The problems of traditional traffic flow detection and calculation methods include limited traffic scenes, high system costs, and lower efficiency over detecting and calculating. Therefore, in this paper, we presented the updating Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) model as the scanner of heterogeneous traffic flow, which uses various sensors to detect the characteristics of traffic flow in several traffic scenes on the roads. The model contains the hardware platform, software algorithm of CAV, and the analysis of traffic flow detection and simulation by Flow Project, where the driving of vehicles is mainly controlled by Reinforcement Learning (RL). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the corresponding swarm intelligence strategy is evaluated through simulation experiments. The results showed that the traffic flow scanning, tracking, and data recording performed continuously by CAVs are effective. The increase in the penetration rate of CAVs in the overall traffic flow has a significant effect on vehicle detection and identification. In addition, the vehicle occlusion rate is independent of the CAV lane position in all cases. The complete street scanner is a new technology that realizes the perception of the human settlement environment with the help of the Internet of Vehicles based on 5G communications and sensors. Although there are some shortcomings in the experiment, it still provides an experimental reference for the development of smart vehicles.

This work utilises a manually controlled drone to map out different environments, both indoor and outdoor. Mapping is done by collecting the distance from the drone when flying. The drone's relative position is updated during the flight and the distance can be used to calculate where the measured point exists in a 3D space. All the data is stored in a database which later can be used to visualize the environment and where post-processing can be applied to the data. The drone is equipped with four ultrasonic sensors located on different sides of the drone. The result was satisfying in regards to the precision of the mapping, though noise was prevalent. A future improvement to reduce this would be to apply multiple post­processing techniques. The result is dependent on the sensors and the drone. The drone's position in the room cannot be ascertained with high precision, something which increases the noise introduced in the point cloud.

Mittuniversitetets forskningsavdelning Sports Tech Research Centre (STRC) driver sedan en tid tillbaka ett projekt i samarbete med Svenska Skidförbundet. Syftet med projektet är att bidra till det alpina landslagets framgång genom att utveckla fartdräkterna som åkarna använder, främst genom att minska fartdräktens påverkan av luftmotståndet. En del av projektet innefattar vindtunneltester av dessa fartdräkter för att mäta dess luftmotstånd. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att bidra till fortsatt utveckling genom att underlätta dessa tester. Syftet är även att undersöka och utvärdera en ny tillverkningsmetod för att designa och tillverka testdockor avsedda att använda i vindtunneltester. Målet var att designa och tillverka en testdocka utifrån en alpinskidåkare på elitnivå. Dockan skulle kunna kläs i en fartdräkt och användas i en vindtunnel, och där visa likvärdiga mätvärden för luftmotståndet som för testpersonen och en lägre standardavvikelse. Arbetet började med att skanna testpersonen som testdockan skulle skapas utifrån. Fotogrammetri användes som skanningsmetod. Därefter följde 3D-modellering och beredning inför tillverkningen. Testdockan tillverkades av horisontella spånskivelager sammanfogade med varandra. Jämförande vindtunneltester utfördes sedan på testdockan och testpersonen den är skapad utefter, i syfte att validera dockan och uppnå liknande mätvärden. Den resulterande 3D-modellen från skanning och 3D-modellering kunde valideras mot testpersonens verkliga mått och var därför användbar för att tillverka den fysiska testdockan. Resultatet efter montering och ytbehandling var en fysisk testdocka som kunde kläs med fartdräkt och tillhörande utrustning. Dockans dimensioner stämde överens tillräckligt bra med testpersonens dimensioner. Vindtunneltesterna visade på ett luftmotstånd på ca 19,8N för testpersonen och ca 28,1N för testdockan. Detta beror troligtvis på skillnader mellan deras positionering. Standardavvikelsen av luftmotståndet för testpersonen o, Mid Sweden University's research department Sports Tech Research Center has been running a project in collaboration with the Swedish Ski Association for some time. The purpose of the project is to contribute to the success of the Swedish alpine national team by developing the race suits that the riders use, mainly by reducing the race suit's impact on air resistance. Part of the project includes wind tunnel tests of these race suits to measure its air resistance. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to further development by facilitating these tests. The purpose is also to investigate and evaluate a new manufacturing method for designing and manufacturing test dummies intended for use in wind tunnel tests. The goal was to design and manufacture a test dummy based on an alpine skier at an elite level. The dummy was to be dressed in a race suit and used in a wind tunnel, and there show equivalent measured values for the air resistance of the test person and a lower standard deviation. The work began with scanning the test person from whom the test dummy was to be created. Photogrammetry was used as the scanning method. This was followed by 3D modulation and preparation for production. The test dummy was made of horizontal chipboard layers joined together. Comparative wind tunnel tests were then performed on the test dummy and the test person it is created from, in order to validate the dummy and achieve similar measurement values. The resulting 3D model from scanning and 3D modulation could be validated against the test person's actual measurements and was therefore useful for manufacturing the physical test dummy. The result after assembly and surface treatment was a physical test dummy that could be dressed in a speed suit and associated equipment. The dimensions of the dummy matched well enough with the dimensions of the test person. The wind tunnel tests showed an air resistance of about 19.8N for the test person and about 28.1N for the test dummy. This is, 2022-07-01

Nmap is inbuilt in Kali Linux that is utilized by the organization to identify the weakness and remediate it. There are different sorts of subtleties that Nmap offers in the wake of filtering the objective. The data expressed in the manuscript can be utilized comprehend the idea of what Footprinting is, what hackers search for to Footprint, and how to shield against it. Nmap is a free and open-source utility for network disclosure and security examining. Numerous frameworks and organization heads additionally find it valuable for errands. In this paper, the study is conducted on the utilization of NMAP for the footprinting. The cloudflare server is utilized for the study. The suggestions on are pro-vided to avoid the footprinting. The results of the study will be helpful to avoid the foot-printing.

This project was carried out for a Company in the mining and construction business, and focused on the development of a radar based material monitoring solution for conveyor belts. A minor prestudy showed that there are possible customer values related to material monitoring solutions for equipment relevant for the Company, and that such solutions using radar possibly can fulfil the application requirements. The main focus of the project was chosen based on this prestudy. The methods used were mainly experiments with the developed prototype, and a study of literature. The prototype was developed with an aim to measure mass flow and to monitor the material surface for deviances. Millimeter-wave pulsed coherent radar sensors were used, and data processing approaches included Kalman filtering. Results showed that mass flow can be calculated using the tested senors and data processing models, as the calculated mass flow was well in line with a belt scale reference, but that additional data is needed to prove consistency in the results. Results also showed that trends in the material surface can be observed in the radar data, indicating the possibilities to detect deviances. From a technical perspective, results and the possibilities for further development and improvement show that radar based solutions can be used for applications relevant for the Company., Detta examensarbete genomfördes för ett företag inomgruv- och anläggningsbranschen och handlade om utvecklingen av en radarbaserad prototyp för mätningar av materialet på transportband. En mindre förstudie visade på möjliga kundvärden relaterade till sådana mätningar, samt att radar har potentialen att uppfylla kravspecifikationen för flera applikationer. Huvudfokuset för projektet valdes sedan utifrån denna förstudie. Metoderna som användes var främst experiment med den utvecklade prototypen samt litteraturstudier. Prototypen utvecklades med syfte att mäta massflöde samt att upptäcka avikelser i materialets yta. Radarsensorer med en frekvens på 60GHz användes, och för databehandling användes bland annat ett Kalman-filter. Resultaten visade att massflöde kan beräknas med de testade sensorerna och databehandlingsmodellerna, eftersom det beräknade massflödet låg i linje med referensdata från en bandvåg. Ytterligare data behövs emellertid för att visa hur resultaten påverkas av förändrade omständigheter, såsom storleken på fragmenten som mäts. Studien visade också att mönster i materialytan kan observeras i radardatan, vilket indikerar att det också är möjligt upptäcka avvikelser. Ur ett teknisktperspektiv visar resultaten och möjligheterna till vidareutveckling tillsammans att radarbaserade lösningar kan användas för applikationer relevanta för företaget.

With the growing use of cloud computing and need for resource effectiveness, the use of container technology has increased compared to virtual machines. This is since containers require fewer resources and are significantly faster to start up. A popular containerplatform is Docker which lets users manage and run containers. The containers are run from images that can be downloaded from different sources, Docker Hub being a popular choice. Because of container technology sharing the OS-kernel with the host, there is a great need to increase and monitor the security of containers and the images they are run from. To find vulnerabilities in images, there are image scanning tools available. In this dissertation, we study 5 different image scanning tools and their performance. Twentyfive random images were selected from popular images on Docker Hub and were then scanned for vulnerabilities with the tools in the study. We aimed to answer the following questions: (1) Are there any clear differences between the number of vulnerabilities found by different image vulnerability scanning tools? (2) Are there any differences between the types of vulnerabilities found by different image vulnerability scanning tools? (3) What is the relative effectiveness of different image vulnerability scanning tools? The results show that there are considerable differences between different container image scanning tools regarding the number of found vulnerabilities. We also found that there were differences regarding the severity-grading of found vulnerabilities between the tested tools. When using our proposed metric for calculation of relative effectiveness, we discovered that the tool with the highest relative effectiveness could still miss approximately 39 percent of the vulnerabilities in images. The tool with the lowest relative effectiveness could miss approximately 77 percent of the vulnerabilities in images.

The IEEE 802.15.4 is a popular standard used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In these networks, devices are organized into groups formally known as personal area networks (PAN) which require a bootstrap procedure to become operational. Bootstrap plays a key role in the initialization and maintenance of these networks. For this reason, this work presents our implementation and performance analysis for the ns-3 network simulator. Specifically, this bootstrap implementation includes the support of three types of scanning mechanisms (energy scan, passive scan, and active scan) and the complete classic association mechanism described by the standard. Both of these mechanisms can be used independently by higher layers protocols to support network initialization, network joining, and maintenance tasks. Performance evaluation is conducted in total network association time and packet overhead terms. Our source code is documented and publicly available in the latest ns-3 official release.

14th International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology, ISCTURKEY 2021 -- 2 December 2021 through 3 December 2021 -- -- 175906, Vulnerability analysis is an integral part of an overall security program. Through identifying known security flaws and weaknesses, vulnerability identification tools help security practitioners to remediate the existing vulnerabilities on the networks. Thus, it is crucial that the results of such tools are complete, accurate, timely and they produce vulnerability results with minimum or no side-effects on the networks. To achieve these goals, Active Vulnerability Scanning (AVS) or Passive Vulnerability Detection (PVD) approaches can be used by network-based vulnerability scanners. In this work, we evaluate these two approaches with respect to efficiency and effectiveness. For the effectiveness analysis, we compare these two approaches empirically on a test environment and evaluate their outcomes. According to total amount of accuracy and precision, the PVD results are higher than AVS. As a result of our analysis, we conclude that PVD returns more complete and accurate results with considerably shorter scanning periods and with no side-effects on networks, compared to the AVS. © 2021 IEEE.

ACM Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery in Data (SIGKDD);Elsevier;IEEE Computer Society;IEEE TCDE;Springer, 13th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2021 -- 8 November 2021 -- 176732, The unprecedented growth in technology has increased the importance of the required information security that is still hard to be reached. Recently, network and web application attacks have occurred frequently, causing confidential data to be stolen by the available vulnerabilities in the systems and the most prominent is in the form of open ports. This causes the CIA (Confidentiality Integrity and Availability) Triad Model to break. Penetration testing is one of the key techniques used in real life to accurately detect the possible threats and potential attacks against the system, and the first step for hackers to conduct attacks is information collection. In this paper, we present a useful schema for the active information-gathering phase that can be used during penetration testing and by system administrators. It will be the first feature of a security engine going to be implemented. The work involves an automated API-based IP and port scanner, service-version enumerator, and vulnerability detection system. This scheme is based on the Network Mapper (Nmap) to collect the information with high accuracy depending on the provided rules in our schema. Besides, the work has been implemented as a RESTful-API server, aiming at easy integration for real-life cases and allowing administrators to scan and secure their networks more quickly and easily. The effectiveness and efficiency of this technique has been proved by the various test cases applied considering different scenarios from the real world. The average time of scanning a server and detecting the vulnerabilities is 2.2 minutes. Regardless of the number of vulnerabilities, the increase in time for each open port is just about 12 seconds. © 2021 ACM.

Introduktion og problemstilling: Mange koronararteriesygdomme har en komponent af mikrovaskulær dysfunktion, specielt patienter med HFpEF eller brystsmerter uden obstruktion har høj prævalens af coronary microvascular disease (CMD). CMD øger risikoen for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) og all cause død. Forskningen er sparsom inden for dette og derfor valgte vi at undersøge om RAS hæmmere, ASA eller statiner kan afhjælpe den forhøjede risiko. Metode: Vi inkluderede 7325 patienter med hver en 82Rb PET scanning som blev inkluderet konsekutivt fra 1 januar 2018 til 20 august 2020. Scanningerne gav os information om myokardielt blood flow (MBF), ejection fraction og perfusionsforskelle i hjertet under stress og hvile. Myokardiel flow reserve (MFR) blev beregnet som ratio mellem MBF stress og hvile. En MFR < 2 blev defineret som CMD ud fra ESC guidelines i fravær af epikardielle stenoser og anden hjertesygdom. Vi indsamlede data fra scanningen, et spørgeskema udfyldt på dagen for scanningen, lægemiddelstatistikregisteret, landspatientregisteret og dødsregisteret. Medicinbrug blev defineret som at have hentet en recept tidligere eller inden for 30 dage efter scanningen. Vi ekskluderede en række patienter, herunder svært nedsat nyrefunktion, perfusionsdefekter over 5% eller med andre hjertesygdomme. Vi fulgte patienterne via de nationale registre til 9 juli 2022 for endepunkterne MACE bestående af (1) all-cause død, (2) myokardieinfarkt, (3) ustabil angina pectoris, (4) stroke og (5) hjertesvigt. Desuden fulgte vi til endepunkerne all-cause død og cancer incidens. Den primære analyse var sammenhæng mellem brug af medicin og outcome blandt personer med CMD. Til sammenligning belyses også sammenhængen blandt personer uden CMD. Ujusteret og justeret overlevelse blev beregnet ved Kaplan-Meier kurver vægtet med inverse probability weighting. Manglende data håndte

Purpose: The purpose of this project is to optimize nursing documentation of MTP blood products to improve documentation accuracy, timeliness, and completeness. Background: Massive transfusion protocols (MTP) provide a consistent approach for rapidly replacing blood volume with standardized blood products for patients experiencing uncontrolled hemorrhage. Blood product documentation for nurses during MTP activations at a large, urban academic medical center and safety-net hospital in the southeast was a manual process described as cumbersome, time-consuming, and often incomplete. Methods: A descriptive analysis was performed by comparing documentation from chart reviews of trauma patients with MTP activations or uncrossmatched blood transfusions in the month before and after the workflow implementation. A scanning workflow for documentation of MTP blood products was implemented. Results: Pre-implementation review of 10 charts within the 30 days before go-live found 79 units of MTP blood products documented. Ten charts reviewed within three weeks post-implementation revealed documentation of 26 units of MTP blood products. Chi-square analyses of each documentation variable were conducted to evaluate the differences between pre-and post-implementation results. Unit number documentation was 61% pre-implementation compared to 100% post-implementation (p=0.000), product codes 33% compared to 100% (p=0.000), donor type 51% compared to 100% (p=0.000), and expiration dates 29% versus 100% (p=0.000). Volume was documented for 95% of the units pre-implementation and 58% post-implementation (p=0.000) but was accurate for only 47% pre-implementation and 58% post (p=0.337). Timely documentation pre- and post-implementation was 66% and 65% respectively (p=0.967). The MTP scanning workflow improved the completeness of documentation but did not affect accuracy or timeliness. Conclusions: The MTP scanning workflow improved some aspects of MTP blood product documentation, specificall

This communication proposes a broadband and efficient integrated focal plane array solution based on a near-field focused connected array of slots. The focused aperture provides: 1) broadband and highly efficient illumination of the quasi-optical system and 2) scanning capabilities within a focusing system. The connected array antenna in turn allows for a fully integrated solution that can synthesize a focused aperture while providing broadband impedance matching. Focused connected array antennas enable the coupling to a reflector system over bandwidths in excess of one octave and with aperture efficiencies in excess of 60%. To demonstrate the concept, we present two printed circuit board (PCB) prototypes operating in the band 3-6 GHz and yielding more than 60% reflector aperture efficiency under broadside illumination and allowing to scan one beamwidth at the lowest frequency with a frequency-averaged scan loss of 0.2 dB. The feasibility of scaling this concept to THz frequencies and with dynamic beam-steering capabilities is discussed in the context of a superconducting device., Tera-Hertz Sensing

Whilst multiple countries in Europe have wildlife health surveillance (WHS) programmes, they vary in scope. In many countries, coordinated general surveillance at a national scale is not conducted and the knowledge of wildlife health status in Europe remains limited. Learning lessons from countries with established systems may help others to effectively implement WHS schemes. In order to facilitate information exchange, the WHS Network of the European Wildlife Disease Association organised a workshop to both collate knowledge and experience from countries that had started or expanded WHS programmes and to translate this information into practical recommendations. Presentations were given by invited representatives of European countries with different WHS levels. Events that led to the start-up and fostered growth spurts of WHS were highlighted, including action plan creation, partnership formation, organisation restructuring and appraisal by external audit. Challenges to programme development, such as a lack of funding, data sharing, infrastructural provision and method harmonisation, were explored. Recommendations to help overcome key challenges were summarised as: understanding and awareness; cross-sectoral scope; national-scale collaboration; harmonisation of methods; government support; academic support; other funding support; staff expertise and capacity; leadership, feedback and engagement; and threat mitigation and wildlife disease management. This resource may enable the development of WHS programmes in Europe and beyond.

This story work in the development of special needs students in Turkey map reading skills is a content analysis to examine studies evaluating the impact of technology. In the context of the study, a search was carried out in domestic and foreign databases with the keywords "special needs, story map, reading skills, reading". The studies published until November 2020 were examined and 487 studies were reached. 4 articles to be included in the study were determined by conducting reviews according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For research to be included in the study (a) story map for use in the study of strategy, (b) must be made in the study of Turkey, (c) have taken place in refereed journals of the study, (d) the participants' specific requirements to be composed of students who were diagnosed in the study, (e) study (f) the method used in the study was aimed at reading skills, (g) the method used in the study was related to children with special needs, (h) the articles were accessed in full text format, and (i) the research was accessible., Bu çalışma Türkiye’de özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin okuma becerilerinin gelişiminde hikâye haritası tekniğinin etkisini değerlendiren çalışmaların incelenmesine yönelik bir içerik analizidir. Yapılan çalışma bağlamında “özel gereksinimli, hikâye haritası, okuma becerisi, okuma” anahtar kelimeleri ile yerli ve yabancı veri tabanlarında tarama gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2020 Kasım ayına kadar yayınlanan çalışmalar incelenerek 487 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Dâhil etme ve hariç tutma kriterlerine göre incelemeler yapılarak çalışma kapsamına alınacak olan 4 makale belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya dâhil edilecek araştırmalar için (a) hikâye haritası stratejisinin çalışmada kullanılması, (b) çalışmanın Türkiye’de yapılmış olması, (c) çalışmanın hakemli dergilerde yer almış olması, (d) çalışmadaki katılımcıların özel gereksinim tanısı almış öğrencilerden oluşması, (e) çalışmada herhangi bir müdahale yönteminin kullanılmış olması, (f) çalışmada kullanılan yöntemin okuma becerisine yönelik olması, (g) çalışmada kullanılan yöntemin özel gereksinimli çocuklar ile ilişkili olması, (h) makalelerin tam metin formatına erişilmesi ve (i) araştırmaların ulaşılabilir olması kriterleri göz önünde bulundurulmuştur.

Nowadays does the internet presence of companies increase, and with it, their attack surface and the probability of breaches: every information system in the company's network may be an entry point for an outsider. Therefore, companies need to secure their information systems. However, current risk assessment frameworks fail to connect the security measures with the impact of future breaches, making it difficult for a company to prioritize their security investments: what security indicators should they look at to limit the impact of future intrusions? In this report, we study how to collect external security indicators from a company's network, and how to process this information to build an intrusion prediction model. First, we build a scanning tool to retrieve relevant security indicators from the company's network (such as services misconfigurations or vulnerabilities) and public datasets. Then, we associate the collected indicators with incidents data from a Managed Security Service Provider in order to model using a Random Forest algorithm the probability of intrusions. Finally, we analyze the most significant indicators according to the model in an effort to find which indicators are the most relevant to evaluate the company's security posture. When we assess our model on real company's data, it achieves 92% accuracy on intrusions prediction., Computer Science | Cyber Security

Cable Driven Parallel Robots, or CDPRs, might provide art historians and curators with an improved automated way of scanning 3D art objects. This application requires CDPRs to rotate around a 3D object with large panning and tilting, while avoiding collisions. While no designs exist for this purpose, this article investigates and proposes new cable robot geometries. First, we built a workspace model to quantify the performance of a design. A brainstorm and the ACCREx method then provided us with over 100 promising robot architectures. Their subsequent testing with the workspace model revealed the nine most promising architectures. Lastly, a geometry optimization resulted in the most favourable CDPR geometries. It appeared that mainly cable force limits, cable-statue and platform-statue collision are limiting the workspace of the CDPRs. In the end, the best enclosing and non-enclosing design are capable of reaching 29% and 16% respectively of the required 180 degrees workspace around the statue. Without extra panning and tilting these percentages are 79% and 66% respectively. Both designs show to which extend a statue can be scanned by a CDPR from one configuration., Mechanical Engineering | BioMechanical Design

The project 'Of Ghosts and [Wo]men' proposes an artificial landscape in the new area of Kiruna, that will be built exclusively from the materials of the demolished buildings. This is a way of displaying and giving back to the public pieces of the body of the old city, while suggesting an architecture that recycles the old into new forms and programs.Combining embroidery elements with data from the mining activity, the ground of the site is processed through the interrelationships of historical maps of the mine, engendering a series of forms that question not only these layers of the “under” city that remain unseen but also the meaning of the forms themselves. The proposed landscape consists of four distinct layers: the wooden main pathways, the platforms [plateaus] made of brick mosaic, the mounds made of sculpted earth and the storage-workshop composed of assemblages of different materials [concrete panels, glass, bricks].

The relationship between sample thickness and quality of data obtained is investigated by microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED). Several electron microscopy (EM) grids containing proteinase K microcrystals of similar sizes from the same crystallization batch were prepared. Each grid was transferred into a focused ion beam and a scanning electron microscope in which the crystals were then systematically thinned into lamellae between 95- and 1,650-nm thick. MicroED data were collected at either 120-, 200-, or 300-kV accelerating voltages. Lamellae thicknesses were expressed in multiples of the corresponding inelastic mean free path to allow the results from different acceleration voltages to be compared. The quality of the data and subsequently determined structures were assessed using standard crystallographic measures. Structures were reliably determined with similar quality from crystalline lamellae up to twice the inelastic mean free path. Lower resolution diffraction was observed at three times the mean free path for all three accelerating voltages, but the data quality was insufficient to yield structures. Finally, no coherent diffraction was observed from lamellae thicker than four times the calculated inelastic mean free path. This study benchmarks the ideal specimen thickness with implications for all cryo-EM methods.

Background. Detecting malware command and control infrastructure has impor-tant applications for protecting against attacks. Much research has focused on thisproblem, but a majority of this research has used traffic monitoring methods fordetection. Objectives. In this thesis we explore methods based on network scanning and active probing, where detection is possible before an attack has begun, in theory resulting in the ability to bring the command and control server down preemptively. Methods. We use network scanning to discover open ports which are then fed into our probing tool for protocol identification and data gathering. Fingerprinting is performed on the open ports and running services of each host.We develop two methods for fingerprinting and classification of hosts. The first method uses a machine learning algorithm over the open ports and probe data, while the other computes distance scores between hosts. We compare these methods to the new but established JARM method for host fingerprinting, as well as to two other simple methods. Results. Our findings suggest that our general active probing method is feasible for use in detecting command and control infrastructure, but that the results vary strongly depending on the malware family, with certain malware families providing much better results than others. Conclusions. We end with discussions on the limitations of our methods and how they can be improved, as well as bring up our opinions on the potential for future work in this area., Bakgrund. Att kunna upptäcka command-and-control-infrastruktur kopplad till malware har viktiga tillämpningar för syftet att skydda mot attacker. Mycket forskning existerar som fokuserar på detta problem, men en majoritet använder metoder baserade på trafikmonitorering. Syfte. I denna uppsats utforskar vi istället metoder baserade på scanning och probing av nätverk, genom vilka detektering är möjlig innan en attack har ägt rum, med fördelen att en command-and-control-server i teorin kan tas ner förebyggande. Metod. Vi använder nätverks-scanning för att upptäcka öppna portar vilka matas in i vårt probing-verktyg som sedan utför protokoll-identifiering och datainsamling. Vi skapar ett fingeravtryck av varje server från de öppna portarna och de hostade tjänsterna. Två metoder för klassifiering av servrar togs fram. Den första metoden använder en maskininlärningsalgoritm över de öppna portarna och probe-datan, medan den andra beräknar en distans mellan två servrar. Vi jämför dessa metoder med den nya men etablerade JARM-metoden, som tar fram fingeravtryck av servrar från TLS-data, samt med två andra, simplare metoder. Resultat. Våra upptäckter visar att vår metod, som bygger på generell, aktiv probing är möjlig att använda för detektering av command-and-control-infrastruktur, men att resultaten varierar kraftigt beroende på malware-familj, där vissa familjer erbjuder mycket bättre resultat än andra. Slutsatser. Vi avslutar med att diskutera begränsningar i våra metoder och hur dessa kan förbättras, samt tar upp våra åsikter om potentialen för framtida forskning inom detta område.

Composites of metal-organic frameworks and carbon materials have been suggested to be effective materials for the decomposition of chemical warfare agents. In this study, we synthesized UiO-66-NH2/zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC) composites for the adsorption and decomposition of the nerve agents sarin and soman. UiO-66-NH2/ZTC composites with good dispersion were prepared via a solvothermal method. Characterization studies showed that the composites had higher specific surface areas than pristine UiO-66-NH2, with broad pore size distributions centered at 1-2 nm. Owing to their porous nature, the UiO-66-NH2/ZTC composites could adsorb more water at 80% relative humidity. Among the UiO-66-NH2/ZTC composites, U0.8Z0.2 showed the best degradation performance. Characterization and gas adsorption studies revealed that beta-ZTC in U0.8Z0.2 provided additional adsorption and degradation sites for nerve agents. Among the investigated materials, including the pristine materials, U0.8Z0.2 also exhibited the best protection performance against the nerve agents. These results demonstrate that U0.8Z0.2 has the optimal composition for exploiting the degradation performance of pristine UiO-66-NH2 and the adsorption performance of pristine beta-ZTC.

The microbiome of flowers (anthosphere) is an understudied compartment of the plant microbiome. Within the flower, petals represent a heterogeneous environment for microbes in terms of resources and environmental stress. Yet, little is known of drivers of structure and function of the epiphytic microbial community at the within-petal scale. We characterized the petal microbiome in two co-flowering plants that differ in the pattern of ultraviolet (UV) absorption along their petals. Bacterial communities were similar between plant hosts, with only rare phylogenetically distant species contributing to differences. The epiphyte community was highly culturable (75% of families) lending confidence in the spatially explicit isolation and characterization of bacteria. In one host, petals were heterogeneous in UV absorption along their length, and in these, there was a negative relationship between growth rate and position on the petal, as well as lower UV tolerance in strains isolated from the UV-absorbing base than from UV reflecting tip. A similar pattern was not seen in microbes isolated from a second host whose petals had uniform patterning along their length. Across strains, the variation in carbon usage and chemical tolerance followed common phylogenetic patterns. This work highlights the value of petals for spatially explicit explorations of bacteria of the anthosphere.

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) are a large family of 2D materials that are currently attracting intense interest. TMCs with 3d transition metals provide opportunities for introducing magnetism and strong correlations into the material with manganese standing out as a particularly attractive option due to its large magnetic moment. Here we report on the successful synthesis of monolayer manganese selenide on a NbSe2 substrate. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy experiments and global structure prediction calculations at the density functional theory level, we identify the atomic structure and magnetic and electronic properties of the layered Mn2Se2 phase. The structure is similar to the layered bulk phase of CuI or a buckled bilayer of h-BN. Interestingly, our results suggest that the monolayer is antiferromagnetic, but with an unusual out-of-plane ordering that results in two ferromagnetic planes.

This article deals with the impact of active scanning on industrial networks. The impacton industrial networks is commented from the perspective of the penetration tester methodology.This topic is important because active scan tools are affordable and easy to use, and their intrusiveimpact on industrial devices can be critical. The article’s main goal was to evaluate the impact on theindustrial network from the penetration tester point of view using the most popular tools for activenetwork scanning. In order to demonstrate and evaluate the results, an industrial testbed based on realindustrial hardware was built for the article. The article also demonstrated how to use the informationobtained by scanning for a Denial of Service attack.

This article deals with the impact of active scanning on industrial networks. The impacton industrial networks is commented from the perspective of the penetration tester methodology.This topic is important because active scan tools are affordable and easy to use, and their intrusiveimpact on industrial devices can be critical. The article’s main goal was to evaluate the impact on theindustrial network from the penetration tester point of view using the most popular tools for activenetwork scanning. In order to demonstrate and evaluate the results, an industrial testbed based on realindustrial hardware was built for the article. The article also demonstrated how to use the informationobtained by scanning for a Denial of Service attack.

This article deals with the impact of active scanning on industrial networks. The impacton industrial networks is commented from the perspective of the penetration tester methodology.This topic is important because active scan tools are affordable and easy to use, and their intrusiveimpact on industrial devices can be critical. The article’s main goal was to evaluate the impact on theindustrial network from the penetration tester point of view using the most popular tools for activenetwork scanning. In order to demonstrate and evaluate the results, an industrial testbed based on realindustrial hardware was built for the article. The article also demonstrated how to use the informationobtained by scanning for a Denial of Service attack.

Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0575 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) associated with banana and tomato crops. Root colonization is an important trait for PGPB microorganisms and potentiates the bacterial effect related to the mechanisms of plant growth promotion. Therefore, detection of bacterial colonization of roots in different culture systems is important in the study of plant–microorganism interactions. In this study, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and catalyzed reporter deposition–FISH (CARD–FISH) were evaluated to determine the colonization ability of B. subtilis EA-CB0575 on banana and tomato roots planted on solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS(S) and MS(L), respectively) and in soil for tomato plants. Results showed B. subtilis colonization 0–30 days post inoculation for banana and tomato plants in different culture systems with differential distribution of bacterial cells along tomato and banana roots. FISH and CARD–FISH methodologies were both successful in detecting B. subtilis colonies, but CARD–FISH proved to be superior due to its enhanced fluorescence signal. The presence of bacteria correlated with the promotion of plant growth in both plant species, providing clues to relate rhizospheric colonization with improvement in plant growth. FISH and CARD–FISH analysis results suggested the presence of native microbiota on the roots of in vitro banana plants, but not on those of tomato plants. © 2018 Elsevier GmbH