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Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) are cosmopolitan, generalist flower visitors and among the most important pollinators after bees and bumblebees. The dronefly Eristalis tenax can be found in temperate and continental climates across the globe, often synanthropically. Eristalis tenax pupae of different generations and different climate zones are thus exposed to vastly different temperatures. In many insects, the ambient temperature during the pupal stage affects development, adult size, and survival; however, the effect of developmental temperature on these traits in hoverflies is comparatively poorly understood. We here reared E. tenax pupae at different temperatures, from 10°C to 25°C, and quantified the effect on adult hoverflies. We found that pupal rearing at 17°C appeared to be optimal, with high eclosion rates, longer wings, and increased adult longevity. Rearing temperatures above or below this optimum led to decreased eclosion rates, wing size, and adult survival. Similar thermal dependence has been observed in other insects. We found that rearing temperature had no significant effect on locomotor activity, coloration or weight, despite evidence of strong sexual dimorphism for each of these traits. Our findings are important as hoverflies are key pollinators, and understanding the effects of developmental temperature could potentially be useful for horticulture.

Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) are cosmopolitan, generalist flower visitors and among the most important pollinators after bees and bumblebees. The dronefly Eristalis tenax can be found in temperate and continental climates across the globe, often synanthropically. Eristalis tenax pupae of different generations and different climate zones are thus exposed to vastly different temperatures. In many insects, the ambient temperature during the pupal stage affects development, adult size, and survival; however, the effect of developmental temperature on these traits in hoverflies is comparatively poorly understood. We here reared E. tenax pupae at different temperatures, from 10°C to 25°C, and quantified the effect on adult hoverflies. We found that pupal rearing at 17°C appeared to be optimal, with high eclosion rates, longer wings, and increased adult longevity. Rearing temperatures above or below this optimum led to decreased eclosion rates, wing size, and adult survival. Similar thermal dependence has been observed in other insects. We found that rearing temperature had no significant effect on locomotor activity, coloration or weight, despite evidence of strong sexual dimorphism for each of these traits. Our findings are important as hoverflies are key pollinators, and understanding the effects of developmental temperature could potentially be useful for horticulture.

Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) are cosmopolitan, generalist flower visitors and among the most important pollinators after bees and bumblebees. The dronefly Eristalis tenax can be found in temperate and continental climates across the globe, often synanthropically. Eristalis tenax pupae of different generations and different climate zones are thus exposed to vastly different temperatures. In many insects, the ambient temperature during the pupal stage affects development, adult size, and survival; however, the effect of developmental temperature on these traits in hoverflies is comparatively poorly understood. We here reared E. tenax pupae at different temperatures, from 10°C to 25°C, and quantified the effect on adult hoverflies. We found that pupal rearing at 17°C appeared to be optimal, with high eclosion rates, longer wings, and increased adult longevity. Rearing temperatures above or below this optimum led to decreased eclosion rates, wing size, and adult survival. Similar thermal dependence has been observed in other insects. We found that rearing temperature had no significant effect on locomotor activity, coloration or weight, despite evidence of strong sexual dimorphism for each of these traits. Our findings are important as hoverflies are key pollinators, and understanding the effects of developmental temperature could potentially be useful for horticulture.

Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) are cosmopolitan, generalist flower visitors and among the most important pollinators after bees and bumblebees. The dronefly Eristalis tenax can be found in temperate and continental climates across the globe, often synanthropically. Eristalis tenax pupae of different generations and different climate zones are thus exposed to vastly different temperatures. In many insects, the ambient temperature during the pupal stage affects development, adult size, and survival; however, the effect of developmental temperature on these traits in hoverflies is comparatively poorly understood. We here reared E. tenax pupae at different temperatures, from 10°C to 25°C, and quantified the effect on adult hoverflies. We found that pupal rearing at 17°C appeared to be optimal, with high eclosion rates, longer wings, and increased adult longevity. Rearing temperatures above or below this optimum led to decreased eclosion rates, wing size, and adult survival. Similar thermal dependence has been observed in other insects. We found that rearing temperature had no significant effect on locomotor activity, coloration or weight, despite evidence of strong sexual dimorphism for each of these traits. Our findings are important as hoverflies are key pollinators, and understanding the effects of developmental temperature could potentially be useful for horticulture.

Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) are cosmopolitan, generalist flower visitors and among the most important pollinators after bees and bumblebees. The dronefly Eristalis tenax can be found in temperate and continental climates across the globe, often synanthropically. Eristalis tenax pupae of different generations and different climate zones are thus exposed to vastly different temperatures. In many insects, the ambient temperature during the pupal stage affects development, adult size, and survival; however, the effect of developmental temperature on these traits in hoverflies is comparatively poorly understood. We here reared E. tenax pupae at different temperatures, from 10°C to 25°C, and quantified the effect on adult hoverflies. We found that pupal rearing at 17°C appeared to be optimal, with high eclosion rates, longer wings, and increased adult longevity. Rearing temperatures above or below this optimum led to decreased eclosion rates, wing size, and adult survival. Similar thermal dependence has been observed in other insects. We found that rearing temperature had no significant effect on locomotor activity, coloration or weight, despite evidence of strong sexual dimorphism for each of these traits. Our findings are important as hoverflies are key pollinators, and understanding the effects of developmental temperature could potentially be useful for horticulture.

Temperatures experienced by insects during their adult life often differ from developmental temperatures. Yet, developmental thermal acclimation can play an important role in shaping physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits at the adult stage. We explored how three rearing temperatures (10, 20, and 28 °C) affected host-foraging behaviors and associated traits under warm conditions in the parasitoid Aphidius colemani, a key model in behavioral ecology and an important natural enemy of aphids. Developmental time was longer at lower temperatures, resulting in bigger emerging parasitoids, with higher egg-loads. Parasitism rates, emergence rates, and parasitoid survival (once placed at high temperature) were the highest for parasitoids developed at 20 °C. When exposed to 28 °C, the expression of all behavioral items (time spent walking searching for hosts, number of antennal and ovipositor contacts with hosts) was higher for parasitoids reared at 20 °C, followed by those reared at 10 °C, then those reared at 28 °C. Finally, we showed that parasitoid residence time on aphid patches was determined by both developmental temperatures and the number of host encounter without oviposition, representative of the resource quality. We revealed that developing at 28 °C did not lead to increased adult performance at this temperature, probably because of complex interactions and trade-offs between developmental costs at high temperature and optimal foraging behaviors (e.g., parasitoid size and host-handling capacities). Our results strengthen the idea that thermal developmental plasticity may play an important role in insect behavioral responses to varying temperatures, and is important to consider in the context of climate change.

Minerals are important components of thousands of enzymes and other compounds in the body. Although the content of minerals in the human body is small, their importance is immense. Edible insects can provide many of these minerals in abundance, and are therefore thought to be a good source of micronutrients. This study dealt with the effect of a rearing temperature and feed on the mineral content and on the content of selected heavy metals in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Mealworm larvae were kept at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C, and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour and a mixture of both. The types of feed for the experimental groups were chosen purposefully, considering the availability on site, price and especially the impact on the nutrition composition suitable for human. The concentrations of the most significant elements in terms of human nutrition concerns, that is zinc and copper, were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the normality condition was not achieved for Ca, Fe, P and Pb (p<0.05). Therefore, these data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis method, while ANOVA test was performed for the other elements. There was a statistically significant dependence of the Cd concentration on feed at a constant rearing temperature of 15 °C and 25 °C over the entire feed change range. The results included a change in Mg over the whole range of monitored values with a change of the rearing temperature and constant feed of lentils-bran,and with a change of feed and constant rearing temperature of 15 °C. In contrast, concentrations of Na, P, Ca and Cu over the whole observed range of feed or rearing temperature changes were independent from the variables. With an appropriately chosen rearing temperature and feed, it is possible to obtain mealworm with specific nutritional properties for a target group of consumers., 1899/5000 Minerály jsou důležitými složkami tisíců enzymů a dalších sloučenin v těle. I když je obsah minerálů v lidském těle malý, jejich význam je obrovský. Jedlý hmyz může poskytnout mnoho z těchto minerálů v hojnosti, a je proto považován za dobrý zdroj mikroživin. Tato studie se zabývala vlivem teploty chovu a krmiva na obsah minerálů a na obsah vybraných těžkých kovů v moučném červu (Tenebrio molitor). Larvy mušlí byly uchovávány při teplotách 15, 20 a 25 ° C a krmeny pšeničnými otrubami, čočkovou moukou a jejich směsí. Druhy krmiv pro experimentální skupiny byly vybrány účelně, s ohledem na dostupnost na místě, cenu a zejména dopad na složení výživy vhodné pro člověka. Koncentrace nejdůležitějších prvků z hlediska výživy lidí, to je zinek a měď, byly stanoveny hmotnostní spektrometrií s indukčně vázanou plazmou. Výsledky ukázaly, že podmínky normality nebyly dosaženy pro Ca, Fe, P a Pb (p <0,05). Proto byla tato data porovnána metodou Kruskal-Wallis, zatímco u ostatních prvků byl proveden test ANOVA. Byla statisticky významná závislost koncentrace Cd na krmivu při konstantní teplotě chovu 15 ° C a 25 ° C v celém rozsahu změny krmiva. Výsledky zahrnovaly změnu Mg v celém rozsahu sledovaných hodnot se změnou teploty chovu a stálým přívodem čočkových otrub a se změnou krmení a konstantní teplotou chovu 15 ° C. Naproti tomu koncentrace Na, P, Ca a Cu v celém sledovaném rozsahu změn teploty krmiva nebo odchovu byly nezávislé na proměnných. Při vhodně zvolené teplotě chovu a krmivu je možné získat moučnou červi se specifickými nutričními vlastnostmi pro cílovou skupinu spotřebitelů.(automatický překlad)

Minerals are important components of thousands of enzymes and other compounds in the body. Although the content of minerals in the human body is small, their importance is immense. Edible insects can provide many of these minerals in abundance, and are therefore thought to be a good source of micronutrients. This study dealt with the effect of a rearing temperature and feed on the mineral content and on the content of selected heavy metals in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Mealworm larvae were kept at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C, and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour and a mixture of both. The types of feed for the experimental groups were chosen purposefully, considering the availability on site, price and especially the impact on the nutrition composition suitable for human. The concentrations of the most significant elements in terms of human nutrition concerns, that is zinc and copper, were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the normality condition was not achieved for Ca, Fe, P and Pb (p<0.05). Therefore, these data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis method, while ANOVA test was performed for the other elements. There was a statistically significant dependence of the Cd concentration on feed at a constant rearing temperature of 15 °C and 25 °C over the entire feed change range. The results included a change in Mg over the whole range of monitored values with a change of the rearing temperature and constant feed of lentils-bran,and with a change of feed and constant rearing temperature of 15 °C. In contrast, concentrations of Na, P, Ca and Cu over the whole observed range of feed or rearing temperature changes were independent from the variables. With an appropriately chosen rearing temperature and feed, it is possible to obtain mealworm with specific nutritional properties for a target group of consumers., 1899/5000 Minerály jsou důležitými složkami tisíců enzymů a dalších sloučenin v těle. I když je obsah minerálů v lidském těle malý, jejich význam je obrovský. Jedlý hmyz může poskytnout mnoho z těchto minerálů v hojnosti, a je proto považován za dobrý zdroj mikroživin. Tato studie se zabývala vlivem teploty chovu a krmiva na obsah minerálů a na obsah vybraných těžkých kovů v moučném červu (Tenebrio molitor). Larvy mušlí byly uchovávány při teplotách 15, 20 a 25 ° C a krmeny pšeničnými otrubami, čočkovou moukou a jejich směsí. Druhy krmiv pro experimentální skupiny byly vybrány účelně, s ohledem na dostupnost na místě, cenu a zejména dopad na složení výživy vhodné pro člověka. Koncentrace nejdůležitějších prvků z hlediska výživy lidí, to je zinek a měď, byly stanoveny hmotnostní spektrometrií s indukčně vázanou plazmou. Výsledky ukázaly, že podmínky normality nebyly dosaženy pro Ca, Fe, P a Pb (p <0,05). Proto byla tato data porovnána metodou Kruskal-Wallis, zatímco u ostatních prvků byl proveden test ANOVA. Byla statisticky významná závislost koncentrace Cd na krmivu při konstantní teplotě chovu 15 ° C a 25 ° C v celém rozsahu změny krmiva. Výsledky zahrnovaly změnu Mg v celém rozsahu sledovaných hodnot se změnou teploty chovu a stálým přívodem čočkových otrub a se změnou krmení a konstantní teplotou chovu 15 ° C. Naproti tomu koncentrace Na, P, Ca a Cu v celém sledovaném rozsahu změn teploty krmiva nebo odchovu byly nezávislé na proměnných. Při vhodně zvolené teplotě chovu a krmivu je možné získat moučnou červi se specifickými nutričními vlastnostmi pro cílovou skupinu spotřebitelů.(automatický překlad)

Minerals are important components of thousands of enzymes and other compounds in the body. Although the content of minerals in the human body is small, their importance is immense. Edible insects can provide many of these minerals in abundance, and are therefore thought to be a good source of micronutrients. This study dealt with the effect of a rearing temperature and feed on the mineral content and on the content of selected heavy metals in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Mealworm larvae were kept at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25°C, and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour and a mixture of both. The types of feed for the experimental groups were chosen purposefully, considering the availability on site, price and especially the impact on the nutrition composition suitable for human. The concentrations of the most significant elements in terms of human nutrition concerns, that is zinc and copper, were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the normality condition was not achieved for Ca, Fe, P and Pb (p<0.05). Therefore, these data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis method, while ANOVA test was performed for the other elements. There was a statistically significant dependence of the Cd concentration on feed at a constant rearing temperature of 15°C and 25°C over the entire feed change range. The results included a change in Mg over the whole range of monitored values with a change of the rearing temperature and constant feed of lentils-bran,and with a change of feed and constant rearing temperature of 15°C. In contrast, concentrations of Na, P, Ca and Cu over the whole observed range of feed or rearing temperature changes were independent from the variables. With an appro-priately chosen rearing temperature and feed, it is possible to obtain mealworm with specific nutritional properties for a target group of consumers. © 2020, Polish Society Magnesium Research. All rights reserved.

Minerals are important components of thousands of enzymes and other compounds in the body. Although the content of minerals in the human body is small, their importance is immense. Edible insects can provide many of these minerals in abundance, and are therefore thought to be a good source of micronutrients. This study dealt with the effect of a rearing temperature and feed on the mineral content and on the content of selected heavy metals in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Mealworm larvae were kept at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C, and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour and a mixture of both. The types of feed for the experimental groups were chosen purposefully, considering the availability on site, price and especially the impact on the nutrition composition suitable for human. The concentrations of the most significant elements in terms of human nutrition concerns, that is zinc and copper, were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the normality condition was not achieved for Ca, Fe, P and Pb (p<0.05). Therefore, these data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis method, while ANOVA test was performed for the other elements. There was a statistically significant dependence of the Cd concentration on feed at a constant rearing temperature of 15 °C and 25 °C over the entire feed change range. The results included a change in Mg over the whole range of monitored values with a change of the rearing temperature and constant feed of lentils-bran,and with a change of feed and constant rearing temperature of 15 °C. In contrast, concentrations of Na, P, Ca and Cu over the whole observed range of feed or rearing temperature changes were independent from the variables. With an appropriately chosen rearing temperature and feed, it is possible to obtain mealworm with specific nutritional properties for a target group of consumers., 1899/5000 Minerály jsou důležitými složkami tisíců enzymů a dalších sloučenin v těle. I když je obsah minerálů v lidském těle malý, jejich význam je obrovský. Jedlý hmyz může poskytnout mnoho z těchto minerálů v hojnosti, a je proto považován za dobrý zdroj mikroživin. Tato studie se zabývala vlivem teploty chovu a krmiva na obsah minerálů a na obsah vybraných těžkých kovů v moučném červu (Tenebrio molitor). Larvy mušlí byly uchovávány při teplotách 15, 20 a 25 ° C a krmeny pšeničnými otrubami, čočkovou moukou a jejich směsí. Druhy krmiv pro experimentální skupiny byly vybrány účelně, s ohledem na dostupnost na místě, cenu a zejména dopad na složení výživy vhodné pro člověka. Koncentrace nejdůležitějších prvků z hlediska výživy lidí, to je zinek a měď, byly stanoveny hmotnostní spektrometrií s indukčně vázanou plazmou. Výsledky ukázaly, že podmínky normality nebyly dosaženy pro Ca, Fe, P a Pb (p <0,05). Proto byla tato data porovnána metodou Kruskal-Wallis, zatímco u ostatních prvků byl proveden test ANOVA. Byla statisticky významná závislost koncentrace Cd na krmivu při konstantní teplotě chovu 15 ° C a 25 ° C v celém rozsahu změny krmiva. Výsledky zahrnovaly změnu Mg v celém rozsahu sledovaných hodnot se změnou teploty chovu a stálým přívodem čočkových otrub a se změnou krmení a konstantní teplotou chovu 15 ° C. Naproti tomu koncentrace Na, P, Ca a Cu v celém sledovaném rozsahu změn teploty krmiva nebo odchovu byly nezávislé na proměnných. Při vhodně zvolené teplotě chovu a krmivu je možné získat moučnou červi se specifickými nutričními vlastnostmi pro cílovou skupinu spotřebitelů.(automatický překlad)

Minerals are important components of thousands of enzymes and other compounds in the body. Although the content of minerals in the human body is small, their importance is immense. Edible insects can provide many of these minerals in abundance, and are therefore thought to be a good source of micronutrients. This study dealt with the effect of a rearing temperature and feed on the mineral content and on the content of selected heavy metals in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Mealworm larvae were kept at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C, and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour and a mixture of both. The types of feed for the experimental groups were chosen purposefully, considering the availability on site, price and especially the impact on the nutrition composition suitable for human. The concentrations of the most significant elements in terms of human nutrition concerns, that is zinc and copper, were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the normality condition was not achieved for Ca, Fe, P and Pb (p<0.05). Therefore, these data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis method, while ANOVA test was performed for the other elements. There was a statistically significant dependence of the Cd concentration on feed at a constant rearing temperature of 15 °C and 25 °C over the entire feed change range. The results included a change in Mg over the whole range of monitored values with a change of the rearing temperature and constant feed of lentils-bran,and with a change of feed and constant rearing temperature of 15 °C. In contrast, concentrations of Na, P, Ca and Cu over the whole observed range of feed or rearing temperature changes were independent from the variables. With an appropriately chosen rearing temperature and feed, it is possible to obtain mealworm with specific nutritional properties for a target group of consumers., 1899/5000 Minerály jsou důležitými složkami tisíců enzymů a dalších sloučenin v těle. I když je obsah minerálů v lidském těle malý, jejich význam je obrovský. Jedlý hmyz může poskytnout mnoho z těchto minerálů v hojnosti, a je proto považován za dobrý zdroj mikroživin. Tato studie se zabývala vlivem teploty chovu a krmiva na obsah minerálů a na obsah vybraných těžkých kovů v moučném červu (Tenebrio molitor). Larvy mušlí byly uchovávány při teplotách 15, 20 a 25 ° C a krmeny pšeničnými otrubami, čočkovou moukou a jejich směsí. Druhy krmiv pro experimentální skupiny byly vybrány účelně, s ohledem na dostupnost na místě, cenu a zejména dopad na složení výživy vhodné pro člověka. Koncentrace nejdůležitějších prvků z hlediska výživy lidí, to je zinek a měď, byly stanoveny hmotnostní spektrometrií s indukčně vázanou plazmou. Výsledky ukázaly, že podmínky normality nebyly dosaženy pro Ca, Fe, P a Pb (p <0,05). Proto byla tato data porovnána metodou Kruskal-Wallis, zatímco u ostatních prvků byl proveden test ANOVA. Byla statisticky významná závislost koncentrace Cd na krmivu při konstantní teplotě chovu 15 ° C a 25 ° C v celém rozsahu změny krmiva. Výsledky zahrnovaly změnu Mg v celém rozsahu sledovaných hodnot se změnou teploty chovu a stálým přívodem čočkových otrub a se změnou krmení a konstantní teplotou chovu 15 ° C. Naproti tomu koncentrace Na, P, Ca a Cu v celém sledovaném rozsahu změn teploty krmiva nebo odchovu byly nezávislé na proměnných. Při vhodně zvolené teplotě chovu a krmivu je možné získat moučnou červi se specifickými nutričními vlastnostmi pro cílovou skupinu spotřebitelů.(automatický překlad)

Minerals are important components of thousands of enzymes and other compounds in the body. Although the content of minerals in the human body is small, their importance is immense. Edible insects can provide many of these minerals in abundance, and are therefore thought to be a good source of micronutrients. This study dealt with the effect of a rearing temperature and feed on the mineral content and on the content of selected heavy metals in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Mealworm larvae were kept at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C, and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour and a mixture of both. The types of feed for the experimental groups were chosen purposefully, considering the availability on site, price and especially the impact on the nutrition composition suitable for human. The concentrations of the most significant elements in terms of human nutrition concerns, that is zinc and copper, were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the normality condition was not achieved for Ca, Fe, P and Pb (p<0.05). Therefore, these data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis method, while ANOVA test was performed for the other elements. There was a statistically significant dependence of the Cd concentration on feed at a constant rearing temperature of 15 °C and 25 °C over the entire feed change range. The results included a change in Mg over the whole range of monitored values with a change of the rearing temperature and constant feed of lentils-bran,and with a change of feed and constant rearing temperature of 15 °C. In contrast, concentrations of Na, P, Ca and Cu over the whole observed range of feed or rearing temperature changes were independent from the variables. With an appropriately chosen rearing temperature and feed, it is possible to obtain mealworm with specific nutritional properties for a target group of consumers., 1899/5000 Minerály jsou důležitými složkami tisíců enzymů a dalších sloučenin v těle. I když je obsah minerálů v lidském těle malý, jejich význam je obrovský. Jedlý hmyz může poskytnout mnoho z těchto minerálů v hojnosti, a je proto považován za dobrý zdroj mikroživin. Tato studie se zabývala vlivem teploty chovu a krmiva na obsah minerálů a na obsah vybraných těžkých kovů v moučném červu (Tenebrio molitor). Larvy mušlí byly uchovávány při teplotách 15, 20 a 25 ° C a krmeny pšeničnými otrubami, čočkovou moukou a jejich směsí. Druhy krmiv pro experimentální skupiny byly vybrány účelně, s ohledem na dostupnost na místě, cenu a zejména dopad na složení výživy vhodné pro člověka. Koncentrace nejdůležitějších prvků z hlediska výživy lidí, to je zinek a měď, byly stanoveny hmotnostní spektrometrií s indukčně vázanou plazmou. Výsledky ukázaly, že podmínky normality nebyly dosaženy pro Ca, Fe, P a Pb (p <0,05). Proto byla tato data porovnána metodou Kruskal-Wallis, zatímco u ostatních prvků byl proveden test ANOVA. Byla statisticky významná závislost koncentrace Cd na krmivu při konstantní teplotě chovu 15 ° C a 25 ° C v celém rozsahu změny krmiva. Výsledky zahrnovaly změnu Mg v celém rozsahu sledovaných hodnot se změnou teploty chovu a stálým přívodem čočkových otrub a se změnou krmení a konstantní teplotou chovu 15 ° C. Naproti tomu koncentrace Na, P, Ca a Cu v celém sledovaném rozsahu změn teploty krmiva nebo odchovu byly nezávislé na proměnných. Při vhodně zvolené teplotě chovu a krmivu je možné získat moučnou červi se specifickými nutričními vlastnostmi pro cílovou skupinu spotřebitelů.(automatický překlad)

Minerals are important components of thousands of enzymes and other compounds in the body. Although the content of minerals in the human body is small, their importance is immense. Edible insects can provide many of these minerals in abundance, and are therefore thought to be a good source of micronutrients. This study dealt with the effect of a rearing temperature and feed on the mineral content and on the content of selected heavy metals in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Mealworm larvae were kept at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C, and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour and a mixture of both. The types of feed for the experimental groups were chosen purposefully, considering the availability on site, price and especially the impact on the nutrition composition suitable for human. The concentrations of the most significant elements in terms of human nutrition concerns, that is zinc and copper, were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the normality condition was not achieved for Ca, Fe, P and Pb (p<0.05). Therefore, these data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis method, while ANOVA test was performed for the other elements. There was a statistically significant dependence of the Cd concentration on feed at a constant rearing temperature of 15 °C and 25 °C over the entire feed change range. The results included a change in Mg over the whole range of monitored values with a change of the rearing temperature and constant feed of lentils-bran,and with a change of feed and constant rearing temperature of 15 °C. In contrast, concentrations of Na, P, Ca and Cu over the whole observed range of feed or rearing temperature changes were independent from the variables. With an appropriately chosen rearing temperature and feed, it is possible to obtain mealworm with specific nutritional properties for a target group of consumers., 1899/5000 Minerály jsou důležitými složkami tisíců enzymů a dalších sloučenin v těle. I když je obsah minerálů v lidském těle malý, jejich význam je obrovský. Jedlý hmyz může poskytnout mnoho z těchto minerálů v hojnosti, a je proto považován za dobrý zdroj mikroživin. Tato studie se zabývala vlivem teploty chovu a krmiva na obsah minerálů a na obsah vybraných těžkých kovů v moučném červu (Tenebrio molitor). Larvy mušlí byly uchovávány při teplotách 15, 20 a 25 ° C a krmeny pšeničnými otrubami, čočkovou moukou a jejich směsí. Druhy krmiv pro experimentální skupiny byly vybrány účelně, s ohledem na dostupnost na místě, cenu a zejména dopad na složení výživy vhodné pro člověka. Koncentrace nejdůležitějších prvků z hlediska výživy lidí, to je zinek a měď, byly stanoveny hmotnostní spektrometrií s indukčně vázanou plazmou. Výsledky ukázaly, že podmínky normality nebyly dosaženy pro Ca, Fe, P a Pb (p <0,05). Proto byla tato data porovnána metodou Kruskal-Wallis, zatímco u ostatních prvků byl proveden test ANOVA. Byla statisticky významná závislost koncentrace Cd na krmivu při konstantní teplotě chovu 15 ° C a 25 ° C v celém rozsahu změny krmiva. Výsledky zahrnovaly změnu Mg v celém rozsahu sledovaných hodnot se změnou teploty chovu a stálým přívodem čočkových otrub a se změnou krmení a konstantní teplotou chovu 15 ° C. Naproti tomu koncentrace Na, P, Ca a Cu v celém sledovaném rozsahu změn teploty krmiva nebo odchovu byly nezávislé na proměnných. Při vhodně zvolené teplotě chovu a krmivu je možné získat moučnou červi se specifickými nutričními vlastnostmi pro cílovou skupinu spotřebitelů.(automatický překlad)

Minerals are important components of thousands of enzymes and other compounds in the body. Although the content of minerals in the human body is small, their importance is immense. Edible insects can provide many of these minerals in abundance, and are therefore thought to be a good source of micronutrients. This study dealt with the effect of a rearing temperature and feed on the mineral content and on the content of selected heavy metals in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Mealworm larvae were kept at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25°C, and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour and a mixture of both. The types of feed for the experimental groups were chosen purposefully, considering the availability on site, price and especially the impact on the nutrition composition suitable for human. The concentrations of the most significant elements in terms of human nutrition concerns, that is zinc and copper, were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the normality condition was not achieved for Ca, Fe, P and Pb (p<0.05). Therefore, these data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis method, while ANOVA test was performed for the other elements. There was a statistically significant dependence of the Cd concentration on feed at a constant rearing temperature of 15°C and 25°C over the entire feed change range. The results included a change in Mg over the whole range of monitored values with a change of the rearing temperature and constant feed of lentils-bran,and with a change of feed and constant rearing temperature of 15°C. In contrast, concentrations of Na, P, Ca and Cu over the whole observed range of feed or rearing temperature changes were independent from the variables. With an appro-priately chosen rearing temperature and feed, it is possible to obtain mealworm with specific nutritional properties for a target group of consumers. © 2020, Polish Society Magnesium Research. All rights reserved.

In sub-Saharan Africa, urban populations are projected to increase by 115% in the coming 15 years. In addition, economic growth and dietary shifts towards animal source foods have put high pressure and demand on agricultural production. The high ecological footprint of meat and dairy production, as well as high feed costs, prevent the livestock sector from meeting the increasing demand in a sustainable manner. Insects such as the black soldier fly (BSF) have been identified as potential alternatives to the conventionally used protein sources in livestock feed due to their rich nutrient content and the fact that they can be reared on organic side streams. Substrates derived from organic byproducts are suitable for industrial large-scale production of insect meal. Although efficient in waste management and in feed production, BSF larvae are very sensitive to the external environment such as temperature and rearing medium. Therefore, we studied the effect of temperature and substrate type, i.e., brewers’ spent grain (SG) and cow dung (CD), on the development and survival of BSF larvae. Both organic substrates were readily available in Nairobi, Kenya, the location of the experiments. In our experiment, 100 3–5-day-old BSF larvae were placed into containers that contained either SG or CD and further treated at temperatures of 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C. The duration of larval development was recorded, and the prepupae were removed, weighed, and placed individually in separate, labeled, 35-mL plastic cups filled with moist sawdust. After emergence, 10 2-day-old adults (5 males and 5 females) from every replica per substrate were transferred into a cage (40 × 40 × 40 cm) and allowed to mate for 24 h at their respective temperatures. The laid egg batches were collected and counted, and the adult flies’ longevity was recorded. The data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model procedure. BSF larvae reared on SG develop

Unlike natural selection, phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to respond quickly to changing environmental conditions. However, plasticity may not always be adaptive. In insects, body size and other morphological measurements have been shown to decrease as temperature increases. This relationship may lead to a physiological conflict in ants, where larger body size and longer legs often confer better thermal resistance. Here, we tested the effect of developmental temperature (20, 24, 28 or 32 °C) on adult thermal resistance in the thermophilic ant species Aphaenogaster senilis. We found that no larval development occurred at 20 °C. However, at higher temperatures, developmental speed increased as expected and smaller adults were produced. In thermal resistance tests, we found that ants reared at 28 and 32 °C had half-lethal temperatures that were 2 °C higher than those of ants reared at 24 °C. Thus, although ants reared at higher temperatures were smaller in size, they were nonetheless more thermoresistant. These results show that A. senilis can exploit phenotypic plasticity to quickly adjust its thermal resistance to local conditions and that this process is independent of morphological adaptations. This mechanismmay be particularly relevant given current rapid climate warming.

Modern agriculture often involves the use of pesticides to protect crops. These substances are harmful to target organisms (pests and pathogens). Nevertheless, they can also damage non-target animals, such as pollinators and entomophagous arthropods. It is obvious that the undesirable side effects of pesticides on the environment should be reduced to a minimum. Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) are very important organisms from an agricultural perspective and are vulnerable to pesticide-induced impacts. They contribute actively to the pollination of cultivated crops and wild vegetation, making food production possible. Of course, since Apis mellifera occupies the same ecological niche as many other species of pollinators, the loss of honey bees caused by environmental pollutants suggests that other insects may experience a similar outcome. Because pesticides can harm honey bees and other pollinators, it is important to register pesticides that are as selective as possible. In this manuscript, we describe a selection of methods used for studying pesticide toxicity/selectiveness towards Apis mellifera. These methods may be used in risk assessment schemes and in scientific research aimed to explain acute and chronic effects of any target compound on Apis mellifera.