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Generally speaking, excessive side thrust and roller slippage are two different aspects affecting cam-roller mechanisms. In novel large-scale hydraulic drivetrains for offshore wind turbines, the highly dynamic nature of these mechanisms combined with the interplay of cyclic loads, frictional torques and inertia promote slippage at the cam-roller interface. At larger scales, the effects of roller inertia become much more pronounced, as the inertia escalates exponentially with the roller’s radius. This study presents a comparative analysis between radial and offset roller followers in novel large-scale hydraulic drivetrains, where offset followers are incorporated to minimize the side thrust. The framework encompasses a comprehensive kinematic and force analysis, to provide the inputs for two lubrication models integrated into the torque-balance equation, where the possibility of slippage is allowed. The findings reveal that the equivalent side thrust can be reduced by 51% with offset followers. Both configurations experience slippage during the low-load phase, but it rapidly diminishes during the high-load phase. This sudden transition in rolling conditions results in a sharp increase in surface temperature and traction force, emphasizing the importance of minimizing sliding at the interface. However, besides the substantial side thrust reduction, offset followers showed superior tribological performance, mitigating undesirable thermal and frictional effects., Mechatronic Systems Design

This long-form feature story examines how the nascence of California’s new era of groundwater regulation is playing out for the farmers, families and agencies who must adapt to a sweeping new law against the backdrop of climate change. California became the last state in the west to adopt a statewide management plan for the invaluable natural resource when it first embarked on a path toward groundwater sustainability in 2020. Known as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), the 20-year plan requires California’s most depleted groundwater basins to become sustainable by 2040. When SGMA matured in 2020, California’s next drought began the same year. Groundwater use represents about 40% of statewide water consumption during normal years and ascends to 60% during drought. While dry spells are a normal feature of California’s climate, drought cycles are becoming more frequent, longer and severe. The demand for groundwater increased over the years while recharge dwindled, creating a time where both the need for and strain upon groundwater has never been more poignant. The drought that began in 2020 has since hit record breaking levels of heat and dryness. Groundwater use in many parts of the state will be slashed over the next 20 years to preserve the resource for the future, as well as halt harmful consequences to drinking water, wildlife and the environment. The region that will feel these changes most is California’s Central Valley – a relatively small area that grows food for the entire world while also experiencing the state’s worst drought conditions. Just two years into the two decade journey toward sustainability, SGMA is already causing Valley residents who hold groundwater precious to worry about the future of their economy, land and livelihood. This story relays the hopes, fears and experiences of those who are feeling the impacts of SGMA and climate change. It is told through the lens of those who are working to steward groundwater sustainability in

With the advent of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things, collecting data on Cyber-Physical systems has become the norm practice in large scale industries. By collectingrelevant data, it is possible to monitor the health status of whole systems or specificcomponents within them. Such practices allow for historical maintenance strategies suchas reactive maintenance or preventive maintenance to be phased out.In this thesis two separate algorithms are presented, both designed to identify contaminationlevels in the hydraulic pressure filters of forklifts. Furthermore, in contrast torelevant literature for similar applications only sensory data from the hydraulic pump’smotor current and hydraulic fluid pressure at the load was used. More specifically, theproposed algorithms are based on trends observed in the relationship between the measurementsand how it changes over time. The algorithms were evaluated on data fromfour forklifts used in Toyota’s factory. The forklifts had been collecting data while usedin production for over a year.The results indicate strong evidence that both algorithms can be used to detect degradationin the hydraulic system. This is especially true for one forklift where it was knownthat the damage at the time of replacement was substantial. However, it cannot be trulyestablished without further testing whether the algorithms detect degradation in the filteror pump.

P-1B-type ATPases export excess transition metals from cells. Here, the authors report a molecular structure of CopA, a coppertransporting P-1B-ATPase from A. fulgidus, in an inward-facing E1 conformation.Copper is essential for living cells, yet toxic at elevated concentrations. Class 1B P-type (P-1B-) ATPases are present in all kingdoms of life, facilitating cellular export of transition metals including copper. P-type ATPases follow an alternating access mechanism, with inward-facing E1 and outward-facing E2 conformations. Nevertheless, no structural information on E1 states is available for P-1B-ATPases, hampering mechanistic understanding. Here, we present structures that reach 2.7 angstrom resolution of a copper-specific P-1B-ATPase in an E1 conformation, with complementing data and analyses. Our efforts reveal a domain arrangement that generates space for interaction with ion donating chaperones, and suggest a direct Cu+ transfer to the transmembrane core. A methionine serves a key role by assisting the release of the chaperone-bound ion and forming a cargo entry site together with the cysteines of the CPC signature motif. Collectively, the findings provide insights into P-1B-mediated transport, likely applicable also to human P-1B-members.

Digital twins technology (DTT) is an application framework with breakthrough rules. With the deep integration of the virtual information world and physical space, it becomes the basis for realizing intelligent machining production lines, which is of great significance to intelligent processing in industrial manufacturing. This review aims to study the application of DTT and the Metaverse in fluid machinery in the past 5 years by summarizing the application status of pumps and fans in fluid machinery from the perspective of DTT and the Metaverse through the collection, classification, and summary of relevant literature in the past 5 years. The research found that in addition to relatively mature applications in intelligent manufacturing, DTT and Metaverse technologies play a critical role in the development of new pump products and technologies and are widely used in numerical simulation and fault detection in fluid machinery for various pumps and other fields. Among fan-type fluid machinery, twin fans can comprehensively use technologies, such as perception, calculation, modeling, and deep learning, to provide efficient smart solutions for fan operation detection, power generation visualization, production monitoring, and operation monitoring. Still, there are some limitations. For example, real-time and accuracy cannot fully meet the requirements in the mechanical environment with high-precision requirements. However, there are also some solutions that have achieved good results. For instance, it is possible to achieve significant noise reduction and better aerodynamic performance of the axial fan by improving the sawtooth parameters of the fan and rearranging the sawtooth area. However, there are few application cases of the Metaverse in fluid machinery. The cases are limited to operating real equipment from a virtual environment and require the combination of virtual reality and DTT. The application effect still needs further verification.

Background Unlike the spontaneously appearing aura in migraineurs, experimentally, cortical spreading depression (CSD), the neurophysiological correlate of aura is induced by non-physiological stimuli. Consequently, neural mechanisms involved in spontaneous CSD generation, which may provide insight into how migraine starts in an otherwise healthy brain, remain largely unclear. We hypothesized that CSD can be physiologically induced by sensory stimulation in primed mouse brain. Methods Cortex was made susceptible to CSD with partial inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase by epidural application of a low concentration of Na+/K+-ATPase blocker ouabain, allowing longer than 30-min intervals between CSDs or by knocking-down alpha 2 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase, which is crucial for K+ and glutamate re-uptake, with shRNA. Stimulation-triggered CSDs and extracellular K+ changes were monitored in vivo electrophysiologically and a K+-sensitive fluoroprobe (IPG-4), respectively. Results After priming with ouabain, photic stimulation significantly increased the CSD incidence compared with non-stimulated animals (44.0 vs. 4.9%, p 0.001). Whisker stimulation also significantly increased the CSD incidence, albeit less effectively (14.9 vs. 2.4%, p = 0.02). Knocking-down Na+/K+-ATPase (50% decrease in mRNA) lowered the CSD threshold in all mice tested with KCl but triggered CSDs in 14.3% and 16.7% of mice with photic and whisker stimulation, respectively. Confirming Na+/K+-ATPase hypofunction, extracellular K+ significantly rose during sensory stimulation after ouabain or shRNA treatment unlike controls. In line with the higher CSD susceptibility observed, K+ rise was more prominent after ouabain. To gain insight to preventive mechanisms reducing the probability of stimulus-evoked CSDs, we applied an A1-receptor antagonist (DPCPX) to the occipital cortex, because adenosine formed during stimulation from ATP can reduce CSD susceptibility. DPCPX induced spontaneous CSDs but only small-DC shifts al, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK-113S211]; Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Unit [014-D01-105-002], This study was supported by grants from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-113S211) and Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Unit (014-D01-105-002).

We aimed to evaluate the glycemic effect and detect any predictors of improved time-in-range (TIR) in persons with type 1 diabetes after initiating hybrid closed-loop (HCL) treatment with MiniMed 670G in a 12-month retrospective observational study. Before starting HCL treatment, the 62 participants followed a Steno-developed training program; 7 participants (6.5%) discontinued the HCL therapy; the remaining 55 (58% female) had an age (mean +/- standard deviation) of 45.6 +/- 12.6 years and diabetes duration of 28.2 +/- 10.9 years. After 12 months' HCL therapy, glycated hemoglobin A1c decreased from 7.4% +0.7% to 7.1% +0.5%, TIR increased from 59.3% +/- 13.5% to 72% +/- 9.3%, time in 54-70 mg/dL (3.0-3.9 mM) decreased from 2.4% +/- 2.0% to 1.4% +/- 1.0%, and time in 180-250 mg/dL (10.0-13.9 mM) decreased from 26.4% +/- 8.3% to 20.8% +/- 5.5%, all P < 0.001. Improvement in TIR was significantly associated with lower total daily insulin dose, higher amount of total carbohydrate, and more time spent in Auto Mode. Our findings support the promising results on glycemic outcomes seen with HCL treatment.

Background Mutations in ATP1A2 gene encoding the Na,K-ATPase alpha(2) isoform are associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Migraine with aura is a known risk factor for heart disease. The Na,K-ATPase is important for cardiac function, but its role for heart disease remains unknown. We hypothesized that ATP1A2 is a susceptibility gene for heart disease and aimed to assess the underlying disease mechanism. Methods and Results Mice heterozygous for the familial hemiplegic migraine type 2-associated G301R mutation in the Atp1a2 gene (alpha(+/G301R)(2) mice) and matching wild-type controls were compared. Reduced expression of the Na,K-ATPase alpha(2) isoform and increased expression of the alpha(1) isoform were observed in hearts from alpha(+/G301R)(2) mice (Western blot). Left ventricular dilation and reduced ejection fraction were shown in hearts from 8-month-old alpha(+/G301R)(2) mice (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), and this was associated with reduced nocturnal blood pressure (radiotelemetry). Cardiac function and blood pressure of 3-month-old alpha(+/G301R)(2) mice were similar to wild-type mice. Amplified Na,K-ATPase-dependent Src kinase/Ras/Erk1/2 (p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling was observed in hearts from 8-month-old alpha(+/G301R)(2) mice, and this was associated with mitochondrial uncoupling (respirometry), increased oxidative stress (malondialdehyde measurements), and a heart failure-associated metabolic shift (hyperpolarized magnetic resonance). Mitochondrial membrane potential (5,5 ',6,6 '-tetrachloro-1,1 ',3,3 '-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide dye assay) and mitochondrial ultrastructure (transmission electron microscopy) were similar between the groups. Proteomics of heart tissue further suggested amplified Src/Ras/Erk1/2 signaling and increased oxidative stress and provided the molecular basis for systolic dysfunction in 8-month-old alpha(+/G301R)(2) mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ATP1A2 muta

[ES] El presente proyecto se centra en el ámbito petroquímico, concretamente en la refinería BP España ubicada en Castellón de la Plana. En refinería existen numerosas bombas repartidas en los diferentes procesos de esta. El estudio en cuestión se focaliza en el análisis del sistema de bombeo existente en la planta de aguas residuales conocida como PTAR, donde gran cantidad de fangos, espumas y lodos son bombeados durante todo este proceso de tratamiento. Es posible encontrar problemas con sólidos presentes en el agua, que, cuando circulan por una bomba que posee un rodete de palas convencionales, pueden deteriorarla o bloquearla haciendo que el rendimiento del proceso disminuya y los costes económicos que conlleve este bombeo incrementen. Por ello, en el presente proyecto se abordarán soluciones y mejoras para evitar problemas o averías debidas al bombeo de estos sólidos. El objetivo del trabajo es realizar un análisis exhaustivo de la instalación de bombeo que funciona actualmente para proponer una serie de mejoras, como puede ser la sustitución de bombas actuales por bombas especializadas en el trasiego de partículas sólidas. Así pues, se realizará una selección de equipos especializados en este tipo de impulsiones para prevenir atascos y facilitar la gestión de sólidos y residuos. Estas bombas están caracterizadas principalmente por su impulsor de tornillo helicoidal, garantizando la eficacia en bombeos con sólidos en suspensión y altos rendimientos, mejorando la eficiencia energética y aumentando su vida útil. Este tipo de bombas están muy presentes los bombeos de hidrocarburos y aceites, favoreciendo su posterior separación y tratamiento. Se realizará un estudio de viabilidad de la sustitución de las bombas actuales por otras nuevas con las que se pretende conseguir un ahorro energético y consecuentemente económico, señalando cuales serían las ventajas y beneficios de este cambio, así como el periodo de amortización., [EN] The current project is focused on the petrochemical sector, specifically on the BP Spain Refinery located in Castellón de la Plana. Within the refinery there exist diverse pumps distributed throughout the different processes. This study is focused on the analysis of the existing pumping system in the wastewater plant known as the PTAR, where large quantities of sludge, foam and slurries are pumped throughout the treatment process. It is possible to encounter problems with solids present in the water which at the time of circulating through a pump with a conventional impeller with blades, the mentioned pumps are damaged or blocked causing a decrease in the efficiency of the process as well as the economic costs involved in this pumping will increase. For this reason, within this project, solutions and improvements to avoid problems or breakdowns due to the pumping of these solids will be approached. The aim of this thesis is to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the pumping installation currently in operation in order to propose a series of improvements, such as the replacement of current pumps with pumps specialised in the transfer of solid particles. Thereupon, a selection of specialised equipment will be conducted for this type of pumping so as to prevent clogging and facilitate the management of solids and waste. These pumps are mainly characterised by their helical screw impeller, guaranteeing efficiency in pumping with solids in suspension and high performance, improving energy efficiency and increasing their useful life. This type of pumps is widely used in systems for pumping hydrocarbons and oils, favouring their subsequent separation and treatment. A feasibility study will be undertaken on the replacement of the current pumps with new ones in order to achieve energy conservation and consequently economic savings, indicating the advantages and benefits of this change, as well as the depreciation period., [CA] El present projecte se centra en l'àmbit petroquímic, concretament en la refineria BP Espanya situada a Castelló de la Plana. En refineria existeixen nombroses bombes repartides en els diferents processos d'aquesta. L'estudi en qüestió es focalitza en l'anàlisi del sistema de bombament existent en la planta d'aigües residuals coneguda com a PTAR, on gran quantitat de fangs, espumes i llots són bombats durant tot aquest procés de tractament. És possible trobar problemes amb sòlids presents en l'aigua, que, quan circulen per una bomba que poseeix un rodete de pales convencional, poder deteriorarla o bloquejarla fent que el rendiment del procés disminuïsca i els costos econòmics que comporte aquest bombament incrementen. Per això, en el present projecte s'abordaran solucions i millores per a evitar problemes o avaries degudes al bombament d'aquests sòlids. L'objectiu del treball és elaborar una anàlisi exhaustiva de la instal·lació de bombament que funciona actualment per a proposar una sèrie de millores, com pot ser la substitució de bombes actuals per bombes especialitzades en el tràfec de partícules sòlides. D'aquesta manera, es realitzarà una selecció d'equips especialitzats en aquesta mena d'impulsions per a prevenir embossos i facilitar la gestió de sòlids i residus. Aquestes bombes estan caracteritzades principalment pel seu impulsor de caragol helicoidal, garantint l'eficàcia en bombaments amb sòlids en suspensió i alts rendiments, millorant l'eficiència energètica i augmentant la seua vida útil. Aquest tipus de bombes estan molt presents bombejaments d'hidrocarburs i olis, afavorint la seua posterior separació i tractament. Es realitzarà un estudi de viabilitat de la substitució de les bombes actuals per altres noves amb les quals es pretén aconseguir un estalvi energètic i conseqüentment econòmic, assenyalant quins serien els avantatges i beneficis d'aquest canvi, així com el període d'amortització.

[ES] El objetivo de este proyecto es doble en una pequeña aldea de Requena (Barrio Arroyo). Como primer objetivo se establece la modificación del abastecimiento de agua potable para los habitantes que residen habitual o esporádicamente en la aldea, extrayendo el agua de un pozo situado en las proximidades de ésta. El segundo objetivo es dar cobertura de riego a una zona rústica muy próxima a la aldea, donde los habitantes de ésta desean implantar una serie de cultivos para su posterior aprovechamiento. Para ello se procede al diseño y dimensionado de la red de abastecimiento que llenará un depósito de agua para su posterior potabilización, el cual se situará en la parte alta de la aldea y está conectado con un pozo situado en la zona rústica. Además, se aprovechará la construcción del pozo para llenar un segundo depósito que almacenará el agua destinada al riego de los cultivos y sus dimensiones se establecen en función de las necesidades hídricas de los cultivos a implantar. Tras obtener las necesidades de agua que requieren los cultivos que los habitantes de la aldea proponen, se procederá al diseño y dimensionado de la red de riego para satisfacer dichas necesidades., [EN] This project objetive is double for a small village near Requena (Barrio Arroyo). The first goal stablishes the modification of the water supply for the inhabitants who live there sporadically or continuosly, by extracting from a well nearby the village. The second one is the irrigation system provides a rustic place close to the village, where the people wants to set up a network for a crops and make the most of it. Therefore we proceed to size and design the supply network that will fill the water tank and its after purification, who will be placed at the highest point in the village also is conected with a well at the rustic place. Besides, taking advantage from the well¿s construction a second tank will be filled destinated to cultivation and its size will be in order to the hidric necessity by the farming that could be introduced After knowing the necessity of water supply that needs the crops, the inhabitants propose to proceed with the size and design of the water supply network for satisfy their needs

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo fin de grado (TFG) es realizar el diseño y dimensionado de una red de riego para una parcela de viñedo de 30ha ubicada en Los Pedrones, Comarca de Requena-Utiel Se realizará un diseño mediante un modelo hidráulico realizado con el programa informático EPAnet. Se dimensionará la red para definir los diámetros de las tuberías, válvulas y necesidades de bombeo. Se determinarán lo diámetros usando la pendiente hidráulica máxima disponible para lograr que todos los nudos de la red tengan la presión mínima requerida. Una vez dimensionada la red de riego, se realizará un análisis de optimización energética en los siguientes supuestos: bombeo mediante un generador diésel, bombeo conectado a la electricidad, bombeo con balsa de riego y uso de paneles fotovoltaicos. Para cada caso se calculará su coste y consumo energético, para poder comprobar el sistema más rentable. Por tanto, el presente TFG contempla el diseño de una red de riego, el dimensionado de toda la instalación y el posterior análisis de optimización energética para varios escenarios. Se realizará análisis de resultados obtenidos y sus conclusiones principales, detallando el presupuesto de la instalación. Este trabajo de fin de grado tiene una gran relación con asignaturas vistas durante el grado de Ingeniería de la Energía como mecánica de fluidos y maquinas hidráulicas ya que vamos a usar programas como EPAnet y aplicar los conocimientos de fluidos para tuberías, bombas y todo el sistema de redes de riego que aprendí en estas, además de otras asignaturas como maquinas térmicas para el motor generador diésel, de fotovoltaica y otras asignaturas para el tema eléctrico y de paneles fotovoltaicos, y de la asignatura Proyectos para el tema de presupuestos y viabilidad de la propuesta., [EN] The objective of this final degree project (TFG) is to design and dimension an irrigation network for a 30ha vineyard plot located in Los Pedrones, Requena-Utiel region. A design will be made using a hydraulic model made with the EPAnet computer program. The network will be dimensioned to define the diameters of the pipes, valves and pumping needs. The diameters will be determined using the maximum hydraulic slope available to achieve that all the nodes of the network have the minimum pressure required. Once the irrigation network has been dimensioned, an energy optimization analysis will be carried out in the following cases: pumping through a diesel generator, pumping connected to electricity, pumping with an irrigation pond and use of photovoltaic panels. For each case, its cost and energy consumption will be calculated, in order to verify the most profitable system. Therefore, this TFG contemplates the design of an irrigation network, the dimensioning of the entire installation and the subsequent energy optimization analysis for various scenarios. An analysis of the results obtained and its main conclusions will be carried out, detailing the installation budget. This final degree project has a great relationship with subjects seen during the Energy Engineering degree such as fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines since we are going to use programs such as EPAnet and apply the knowledge of fluids for pipes, pumps and the entire system. of irrigation networks that I learned in these, in addition to other subjects such as thermal machines for the diesel generator engine, photovoltaics and other subjects for the electrical subject and photovoltaic panels, and the subject Projects for the subject of budgets and feasibility of the proposal.

[EN] The pumping station are very important hydraulic system in urban water supply be-cause the pumps raise the water head ensuring the minimum pressure required in drinking water systems. In the design of a pumping station, one of the most important criteria is the number of pumps. However, in the traditional design this criterion is de-fined arbitrarily. The other criteria are defined from the number of pumps and can be produce a design not optimal. In addition, the traditional design does not consider the environment importance to choose the pumps. The objective of this paper is defining a new design methodology for pumping sta-tions. It has been developed using a multicriteria analysis in which nine criteria are evaluated. The application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) allows finding an optimal solution. These design criteria have been associated in three cluster factors: technical factors, environmental factors, and economic factors. The results obtained allow not only to validate the methodology, but also to offer a solution to the problem of determining the most suitable model and the number of pumps of a pumping sta-tion.

The article provides a brief overview of the most typical pumping units that use a variable frequency drive. Information on its efficiency and application features is given, as well as information on the use of frequency converters in pumping units. The review allows you to get some idea of the main stages of the introduction of a variable speed drive in pumping units.

In many industrial applications it is required to drive the actuator s, hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic motors at variable speed this is only possible by variable discharge from a variable displacement pump (which has high cost approx Rs. 90000/-) so it is not feasible to use it. One me thod employed is to use a pump of higher discharge capacity, but higher capacity means higher cost and highe r power consumption hence there is need of special pump system at low cost so that the requirement of va riable discharge is met easily without much cost and set up. This paper deals with the design of such pump systems and its calcul ations.

The main objective of this review is to investigate the centrifugal pump and to increase the efficiency of the pump. The average efficiency of centrifugal pump is about 65–70 percent. The significance of efficiency in pump is selecting a proper pumping system will conserve fuel or electricity and decrease the annual pumping costs. Inefficient and poorly chosen pumping systems can increase annual costs dramatically. Obtained efficiency of centrifugal pumps with low specific speed is not high. The scope of the work is to reduce hydraulic losses. In this paper a literature review is identified by providing a modified impeller channel with design changes that are capable of improving the efficiency of the centrifugal pump.

The paper discusses the use of the combined control for a system of two parallel pumps to increase its service life. Using the combined control, the pumping system is controlled together by change the speed, throttling, and bypass. The power consumption of the pumping system is calculated for three methods of flow control: with minimum energy consumption, with maximum reliability, and control with a trade‐off between efficiency and reliability. In the case of control with maximum reliability, the energy consumption of the pumping system is higher than in the case of control with minimum energy consumption by 29.2%. In the case of the proposed trade‐off control, which provides acceptable reliability, the power consumption is higher than with the minimum energy consumption control by only 7.3%. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

På fartyget M/S Calmare Nyckel finns en NOHAB-dieselmotor installerad ombord som används förundervisning på sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar. Projektet har undersökt om det är möjligt att görauppstart av motorn säkrare för både handledare och elever. Arbetet har tagit fram ett nytt elskåp och styrsystem enligt DNV-Standard för att försäkra sig om att motorn inte går att starta utan att alla kringsystem som behövs är igång. I framtiden finns det även möjlighet att utveckla nya systemet om det skulle vara önskvärt. Arbetet har även konstaterat att det saknas ordentliga handlingar för elritningar och kabeluppmärkning ombord som bör åtgärdas i framtiden., On the ship M/S Calmare Nyckel there is a NOHAB-Diesel Engine installed that are used foreducational uses on Kalmar Maritime Academy in Kalmar. This project has investigated if it’s possibleto make the startup of the engine safe both for teachers and students.The project has brought a new control cabinet and a new control system according to DNV-Standardto ensure that the engine doesn’t start without any auxiliary system that’s needed is running.In the future, there’s also possible to develop the system if that would be desirable.The project has also found that the lack of proper documents for electrical drawings and cablemarkings onboard should be addressed in the future.

he use of renewable and nonrenewable energy is often limited in rural areas or non-interconnected areas of Colombia. Hence, by having practical cases on pho-tovoltaic systems for pumping water, they become energy solutions to improve the quality of life in these populations. In this article it can be observed how the use of solar energy represents a sustainable alternative for water pumping systems in rural areas of the country, as environmental impacts are reduced and environmental awareness is generated in the population.The use of solar energy compared to con-ventional energy reduces greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to environmental sustainability, representing an alternative to generate environmental awareness against the use of alternative energy in order to pro-vide energy solutions in the country. In the practical case carried out at the University of Córdoba - Colombia, the efficiency of the system in relation to solar brightness and the power of the pump can be analyzed to guarantee the water pumping system., L’utilisation des énergies renouvelables et non renouvelables est souvent limitée dans les zones rurales ou non interconnectées de Colombie. Ainsi, en présentant des cas pratiques de systèmes photovoltaïques pour le pompage de l’eau, ils constituent des solutions énergétiques pour l’amélioration de la qualité de vie de ces populations. Cet article montre comment l’utilisation de l’énergie solaire représente une alternative durable pour les systèmes de pompage d’eau dans les zones rurales du pays, dans la mesure où les impacts environnementaux sont réduits et où la population est sensibilisée à l’environnement.L’utilisation de l’énergie solaire par rapport aux énergies conventionnelles demande moins d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre et contribue à la durabilité environnementale, représentant une alternative pour générer une prise de conscience environnementale concernant l’utilisation des énergies alternatives afin de fournir des solutions énergétiques dans le pays. Dans l’étude de cas réalisée à l’Université de Cordoba - Colombie, l’efficacité du système peut être analysée en fonction de la luminosité solaire et de la puissance de la pompe pour garantir le système de pompage de l’eau., A utilização de energias renováveis e não renováveis é frequentemente limitada nas zonas rurais ou não ligadas entre si na Colômbia. Assim, ao terem casos práticos de sistemas fotovoltaicos para bombeamento de água, constituem soluções energéticas para a melhoria da qualidade de vida des-tas populações. Este artigo mostra como a utilização da energia solar representa uma alternativa sustentável para os sistemas de bombagem de água nas zonas rurais do país, na medida em que os impactos ambientais são reduzidos e a consciência ambiental é gerada na população.A utilização de energia solar em comparação com as energias convencionais exige menos emissões de gases com efeito de estufa e contribui para a sustentabilidade ambiental, representando uma alternativa para gera uma consciência ambiental relativamente à utilização de energias alternativas, a fim de fornecer soluções energéticas no país. No estudo de caso realizado na Universidade de Córdoba - Colômbia, a eficiência do sistema pode ser analisada em relação ao brilho solar e à potência da bomba para garantir o sistema de bombeamento de água, El uso de energías renovables y no renova-bles se encuentra limitado muchas veces en las zonas rurales o zonas no interconectadas de Colombia. De allí, que, al tener casos prácticos sobre sistemas fotovoltaicos para bombeo de agua, se constituyen en solucio-nes energéticas para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida en dichas poblaciones. En el presente artículo se puede observar cómo el uso de la energía solar representa una alternativa sostenible para los sistemas de bombeo de agua en zonas rurales del país, en la medida que se disminuyen impactos ambientales y se genera conciencia ambien-tal en la población.El uso de la energía solar frente a las energías convencionales demanda menos emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y contribuye a la sostenibilidad ambiental, representando una alternativa para generar conciencia ambiental frente al uso de energías alternativas en aras de dar soluciones energéticas en el país. En el caso práctico realizado en la Universidad de Córdoba - Colombia se puede analizar la eficiencia del sistema en relación al brillo solar y la potencia de la bomba para garantizar el sistema de bombeo de agua.

Patients in fluctuating stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD) require device-aided treatments. Continuous infusion of levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is a well-proven option in clinical practice. We now report the first clinical experience of levodopa–entacapone–carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) therapy. An observational study of the first patients to start LECIG in our clinic was performed. Twenty-four patients (11 females, 13 males) were included. The median age was 71.5 years, and the median duration since PD diagnosis was 15.5 years. The median treatment duration was 305 days. Median doses were: 6.0 mL as morning dose, 2.5 mL/h as infusion rate, and 1.0 mL as extra dose. Half of the patients were switched directly from LCIG. These patients express improvements in the size and weight of the pump. Furthermore, most of them considered the new pump to be improved regarding user-friendliness. Six patients discontinued LECIG, three due to diarrhea, one due to hallucinations and two deceased (one cardiac arrest and one COVID-19). LECIG has shown to be possible to use in patients with PD, efficacy and safety as expected. Patients are generally happy with the size and usability of the pump, but some technical improvements of the software are warranted, as well as larger, prospective studies.

This report investigates a recurring problem on a Kamyr MCP 25-15, which is located in the bleaching plant in a paper mill in Värmland. The MC-Pump Kamyr 25-15 has in the last two years crashed and caused downtime in pulp production. Causing large costs in repairs, personnel and in lost pulp production. By analyzing and studying the damage, the root cause of the failure will be identified. The method to conclude failure hypothesis is by studying and documenting the damage, creating an Ishikawa diagram to divide the characteristics of faults into causes and strengthening the hypothesis with the troubleshooting table in the pump data sheet. The cavitation damage was very clear in the rotating parts and where the degasification occurs. Cavitation on rotating parts with high RPM leads to the movement in the pump housing becomes eccentric and creates vibrations in the pump. The parts of the pump wear out faster and leads to breakdown. The hypothesis indicates that the failure was caused due to cavitation, which means that the failure is not a mechanical fault. By discussing the problems with different pump manufacturers, they gave suggestions on what could solve the problem. Both manufacturers who were contacted mentioned that an external vacuum system would solve the problem. The payback period for the investments is calculated using the payback method. The income in the equation is the cost that is saved in the event of an upgrade or replacement of the pump. As the exact cost of the failure is difficult to follow up, a time interval is developed between the best-case scenario and the worst-case scenario. The payback period is required to be less than 2 - 3 years, which means that both investment alternatives are profitable. Depending on how much pulp needs to be purchased, the repayment can be made within the year., I den här rapporten undersöks ett återkommande haveriproblem på en Kamyr MCP 25-15 som är placerad i blekeriet i ett pappersbruk i Värmland. MC-Pumpen Kamyr 25-15 har de två senaste åren havererat och orsakat driftstopp i massaproduktionen och orsakat stora kostnader i reparation, personal samt i förlorad massaproduktion. Genom ett analysera haveriet och studera skadorna ska grundorsaken till haveriet tas fram. Metoden för framtagande av haverihypotesen är att studera och dokumentera skadorna, skapa ett Ishikawadiagram för att dela upp kännetecken för fel till orsaker och stärka hypotesen med felsökningstabellen i pumpens datablad. Kavitationsskadorna är väldigt tydliga vid anslutning till avluftningskanalen samt på de roterande delarna. Kavitation på roterande delar med högt RPM leder till rörelsen i pumphuset blir excentrisk och skapar vibrationer i pumpen. De tillhörande delarna i pumpen förslits snabbare och i slutändan leder det till ett haveri. Hypotesen pekar mot att haveriet orsakades på grund av kavitation, vilket innebär att haveriet ligger utanför pumpen, att det inte handlar om ett mekaniskt fel. Åtgärdsanalysen tas fram genom att diskutera problematiken med olika pumptillverkare. De pumptillverkare som kontaktas nämnde att ett externt vakuumsystem i pumpen skulle lösa problematiken. Återbetalningstiden för investeringarna räknas fram med payback-metoden. Intäkten i ekvationen är kostnaden som besparas vid eventuell uppgradering eller byte av pump. Då den exakta kostnaden för haveriet är svårt att uppfölja tas ett tidsintervall fram mellan best-case scenario och worst-case scenario. Inom tillverkningsindustrin kräver man att återbetalningstiden är mindre än 2 – 3 år, vilket innebär att båda investeringsalternativen är lönsamma. Beroende hur mycket massa som behövs köpas in kan återbetalningen ske inom året., Online - Via Zoom

There is a potential for increasing energy efficiency, as well as financial cost-effectiveness of modern water distribution networks, irrigation systems, wastewater treatment plants and intense water usage industries in general, by incorporating micro-hydro turbines in certain points of the system where excess pressure is traditionally dissipated via pressure relief valves. Induction motors used as generators coupled to pumps used as turbines are widely spread in these applications, due to their low cost, robustness, and relatively simple operation, either connected to grid or in island mode of operation. The paper presents analytical and model-based considerations of an induction machine in micro-hydropower system through various operating regimes.

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is becoming increasingly used for achieving target glycemic control as well as providing flexibility in lifestyle. In a widely used version of CSII, the insulin pump itself is attached to one end of an insulin infusion set (IIS), which delivers insulin via a thin flexible plastic tube to the patient’s body via a cannula or needle that is inserted under the skin at the other end of the IIS. Despite the increased use of CSII by patients with diabetes, there have been few recent advances in IIS technology, especially when compared to the many recent advances made in insulin pump technology and in insulin pharmacokinetics. To discuss recent developments in, and future plans for IIS development, Diabetes Technology Society virtually hosted the Advances in Insulin Pump Infusion Sets Symposium on December 1, 2020. This symposium featured experts in the field of IISs, including representatives from Medtronic and ConvaTec (which are two manufacturers that are currently developing IISs), Stanford University, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, and Science Consulting in Diabetes. The webinar’s six speakers covered (1) patient burden, (2) extended wear technology, and (3) future directions in IIS development.

Предложены конструктивные варианты аксиально-поршневых насосов, применяемых в промышленности. Выбрана и обоснована конструкция аксиально-поршневого насоса с наклонной шайбой., The design variants of axial piston pumps used in industry are proposed. The design of axial piston pump with inclined washer is chosen and justified.

[ES] El trabajo fin de grado consiste un estudio de viabilidad técnico, económico y medioambiental para la construcción de una central hidroeléctrica reversible en el embalse del Molinar, en el municipio de Villa de Ves, provincia de Albacete. El río Júcar, en su curso medio a su paso por la comarca albaceteña de la Manchuela, genera un terreno muy escarpado, en el cual por las condiciones del terreno es posible plantearse la construcción de este tipo de centrales hidroeléctricas. Se pretende estudiar la construcción de una balsa en el margen derecho del embalse, para aprovechar el desnivel de unos 245 metros para un ciclo reversible puro con un caudal equipado a determinar según la capacidad de regulación en Molinar. El proceso de descarbonización que es necesario llevar a cabo para por potenciar el uso de las energías renovables, aunque uno de los principales problemas que existen es el almacenamiento masivo de energía, algo que solo es capaz de hacer la energía hidroeléctrica mediante el almacenamiento de agua. Una central hidroeléctrica reversible funciona como una batería, acumula agua bombeándola hacia el depósito superior en las horas de menor demanda energética y turbinándola hacia el depósito inferior y generar electricidad para cubrir los momentos de mayor demanda., [EN] This Final Dregree Project consists of a technical, economic and environmental feasibility study for the construction of a reversible hydroelectric power plant in the Molinar reservoir, in the municipality of Villa de Ves, province of Albacete. Jucar river, in its middle course as it passes throug the región of La Manchuela in Albacete, generates a steep terrain, in which the construction of a reversible hydroelectric power plants can be considered by the conditions of the land. The aim is to build a accumulation pond on the right bank of the reservoir, to take advantage of the 245 meters slope. The decarbonised process needs to increase the use of renewable energy. One of the main problems that exist it s the massive storage of energy, somethint that only hydroelectric energy can do by storing wáter. A reversible hydroelectric power plant works like a battery, accumulates wáter pumpung it to the upper reservoir in the hours of least energy and turbine it in the hours of greatest demand.

Магістерська дисертація містить 134 сторінки, 23 рисунки, 36 таблиць, 23 джерел за переліком посилань, 6 аркушів графічної частини. Актуальність теми. Значна кількість відмов двигунів в промисловості викликано тим що, проектувальники устаткування і приміщень, в яких воно експлуатується, часто не враховує властивості двигунів, вибираються для їх установки важкодоступні місця. Внаслідок цього затрудняється обслуговування двигунів, порушується їх вентиляція, що призводить до підвищеного нагріву і передчасному виходу зі строю обмотки статора. Мета і задачі дослідження. Метою магістерської дисертації є створення математичних моделей, які дозволяють ранжувати парк електрообладнання. Об’єкт дослідження. Циркуляційний насос системи власних потреб теплоелектроцентралі. Предмет дослідження. Моделювання режимів роботи Методи дослідження. Під час виконання магістерської дисертації, було моделювання режимів циркуляційного насосу в системі власних потреб. Було побудовано характеристик асинхронного двигуна і циркуляційного насосу. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів. Розглянуто моделювання режимів циркуляційного насосу в системі власних потреб. Наведено основні технічні характеристики циркуляційних насосів та електродвигунів, що забезпечують їх роботу. Проведений аналіз пошкоджуваності електродвигунів циркуляційного насосу та змодельовано АД циркуляційного насосу для визначення імовірності його відмови на інтервалі часу., The master's dissertation contains 95 pages, 9 figures, 20 tables, 18 sources according to the list of references, 6 sheets of graphic part. Actuality of theme . A significant number of engine failures in the industry is caused by the fact that designers of equipment and premises in which it is operated, often do not take into account the properties of engines, are chosen for their installation hard-to-reach places. As a result, it is difficult to maintain the motors, their ventilation is disrupted, which leads to increased heating and premature failure of the stator winding. The purpose and tasks of the study. The purpose of the master's dissertation is to create mathematical models that allow you to rank the fleet of electrical equipment. Object of study. Circulation pump of the system of own needs of the thermal power plant. Subject of study. Simulation of operating modes Research methods. During the master's dissertation, there was a simulation of circulating pump modes in the system of own needs. The characteristics of an induction motor and a circulating pump were built. Scientific novelty of the obtained results. Modeling of circulating pump modes in the system of own needs is considered. The main technical characteristics of circulating pumps and electric motors that ensure their operation are given. The analysis of damage of electric motors of the circulating pump is carried out and the BP of the circulating pump is modeled for definition of probability of its failure on a time interval., Магистерская диссертация содержит 134 страницы, 23 рисунков, 36 таблиц, 23 источников по перечню ссылок, 6 листов графической части. Актуальность темы. Значительное количество отказов двигателей в промышленности вызвано тем, что, проектировщики оборудования и помещений, в которых оно эксплуатируется, часто не учитывает свойства двигателей, выбираются для их установки труднодоступные места. В результате затрудняется обслуживание двигателей, нарушается их вентиляция, что приводит к повышенному нагреву и преждевременный выход из строя обмотки статора. Цель и задачи исследования. Целью магистерской диссертации является создание математических моделей, позволяющих ранжировать парк электрооборудования. Объект исследования. Циркуляционный насос системы собственных нужд теплоэлектроцентрали. Предмет исследования. Моделирование режимов работы Методы исследования. Во время выполнения магистерской диссертации, было моделирования режимов циркуляционного насоса в системе собственных нужд. было построено характеристик асинхронного двигателя и циркуляционного насоса. Научная новизна полученных результатов. рассмотрено моделирование режимов циркуляционного насоса в системе собственных нужд. приведены основные технические характеристики циркуляционных насосов и электродвигателей, обеспечивают их работу. Проведенный анализ повреждаемости электродвигателей циркуляционного насоса и смоделирован АД циркуляционного насоса определение вероятности его отказа на интервале времени.

В даному дипломному проекті розглядається насосна установка для водопостачання групи індивідуальних житлових будинків. Розглядається випадок групового автономного водопостачання. Будь-яка автономна система водопостачання складається з водозабору та водопровідної мережі. В індивідуальних будинках, як схем водозабору, найбільш поширені колодязні і свердловинні варіанти . Водопровідна мережа складається з насосної установки, системи управління водопостачанням і трубопроводів. При необхідності, якщо якість води не відповідає санітарним нормам, можна встановити блоки очищення води. Основна ідея цих систем - створити комфортні умови при споживанні води., In this diploma project the pump installation for water supply of group of individual apartment houses is considered. The case of group autonomous water supply is considered. Any autonomous water supply system consists of a water intake and a water supply network. In individual houses, as water intake schemes, the most common wells and wells. The water supply network consists of a pumping unit, a water supply control system and pipelines. If necessary, if the water quality does not meet sanitary standards, you can install water purification units. The main idea of these systems is to create comfortable conditions for water consumption., В данном дипломном проекте рассматривается насосная установка для водоснабжения группы индивидуальных жилых домов. Рассматривается случай группового автономного водоснабжения. Любая автономная система водоснабжения состоит из водозабора и водопроводной сети. В индивидуальных домах, как схем водозабора, наиболее распространены колодезные и скважинные варианты. Водопроводная сеть состоит из насосной установки, системы управления водоснабжением и трубопроводов. При необходимости, если качество воды не соответствует санитарным нормам, можно установить блоки очистки воды. Основная идея этих систем - создать комфортные условия при потреблении воды.

Магістерська дисертація на здобуття ступеня магістра за освітньо-професійною програмою підготовки на тему: «Реконструкція опалювальної водогрійної котельні для житлового масиву у м. Миколаєві» 104 с., 24 рис., 11 табл., 5 дод., 34 джерел, 10 креслеників формату А1 чи більшого. Об’єкт розробки – районна водогрійна котельня. Мета роботи – реконструкція котельні з метою безперебійного теплопостачання мешканців житлового масиву гарячою водою на системи опалення. Наведені розрахунки теплової схеми котельні, вибір основного та допоміжного обладнання, аеродинамічний розрахунок газового тракту. Існуюча система вентиляції котельні запроектована для умов асиміляції теплонадходжень від працюючого обладнання та забезпечення однократного повітрообміну за годину. Вентиляція котельного залу запроектована припливно-витяжна з природним побудженням з витяжкою повітря через існуючий світло-аераційний ліхтар. Опалення котельного залу передбачено за рахунок теплонадлишків від технологічного обладнання та системи опалення котельні. Для опалення котельної зали встановлено чотири опалювальних агрегати Volcano VR3. Опалення побутових приміщень забезпечується існуючою радіаторною системою опалення. Розроблений стартап-проект, в результаті техніко-економічних розрахунків показано, що встановлення теплоутилізаційної установки з поверхневими калориферами дає економічний ефект біля 4181510 грн за рік., Master's Thesis for Master's Degree in Educational and Professional Training Program on the topic: "Reconstruction of a water-heating boiler house for heating a residential area in Mykolayiv", 104 p., 24 fig., 11 tables, 5 app., 34 sc., 10 A1 format drawings or bigger. The object of development is a district boiler. The purpose of the work is the reconstruction of the boiler house for the purpose of uninterrupted heat supply of the residents of the residential area with hot water to the heating systems. The calculations of the heat loss of the room in the cold period of the year and the receipt of heat and humidity to them are given. The existing boiler room ventilation system is designed for the conditions of assimilation of heat from the operating equipment and for providing three times air exchange per hour. The ventilation of the boiler room is designed with a naturally aspirated inlet and outlet. Heating of the boiler room is provided at the expense of heat surpluses from technological equipment and boiler heating system. One Volcano VR3 heating unit is installed to heat the boiler room. Household heating is provided by an existing radiator heating system. A startup project has been developed, as a result of technical and economic calculations it is shown that the reconstruction of the boiler room gives an economic effect for about 4181510 UAH a year., Магистерская диссертация на соискание степени магистра по образовательно-профессиональной программе подготовки на тему: «Реконструкция отопительной водогрейной котельной для жилого массива в г. Николаеве» 104 с., 24 рис., 11 табл., 5 доп., 34 источников, 10 чертежей формата А1 или большего. Объект разработки - районная водогрейная котельная. Цель работы - реконструкция котельной с целью бесперебойного теплоснабжения жителей жилого массива горячей водой на системы отопления. Приведенные расчеты теплопотерь помещения в холодный период года и поступления теплоты и влаги к ним. Существующая система вентиляции котельной запроектирована для условий ассимиляции теплопоступлений от работающего оборудования и обеспечения трехкратного воздухообмена в час. Вентиляция котельного зала запроектирована приточно-вытяжная с естественным побуждением с вытяжкой через существующий свето-аэрационный фонарь. Отопление котельного зала предусмотрено за счет теплоизбытков от технологического оборудования и системы отопления котельной. Для отопления котельной залы установлен один отопительный агрегат Volcano VR3. Отопления бытовых помещений обеспечивается существующей радиаторной системой отопления. Разработанный стартап-проект, в результате технико-экономических расчетов показано, что реконструкция котельной дает экономический эффект около 4181510 в год.

Магістерська дисертація на здобуття ступеня магістра за освітньо-професійною програмою підготовки на тему: «Реконструкція котельні Вознесенського сирзаводу заводу»: пояснювальна записка на 87 с., 7 рис., 13 табл., 20 бібліографічних найменувань; креслень – 7 арк. ф. А1. Мета проекту – розрахувати та підібрати обладнання для котельні забезпечення її усіх вимог та потреб. Використані методики теплових, аеродинамічних та гідравлічних розрахунків теплотехнологічного і санітарно-технічного обладнання. Були приведені розрахунки теплових навантажень споживачів на опалення, вентиляцію, гаряче водопостачання; розрахунки теплової схеми котельні. Було вибрано основне та допоміжне обладнання. В якості альтернативних джерел енергії було прийнято рішення встановити на даху котельні сонячні колектори, які зможуть забезпечити потреби гарячого водопостачання в сонячні дні. Котельня повністю покриває потреби системи опалення, вентиляції, гарячого водопостачання, а також технологічної потреби у воді. Показано що альтернативні джерела енергії потрібно використовувати в подальшому,бо це дає можливість нашій Україні значно зменшити залежність її економіки від імпорту енергоресурсів. На кресленнях наведені схеми котельні і компоновка вибраного обладнання, та розрізи А−А,Б−Б,Г−Г,Д−Д,, Газопроводів, Автоматики і КВП, Masters Thesis for Masters Degree in level of higher education on the topic: «Reconstruction of boiler room was developed Voznesenskogo of factory»: Explanatory note for 78 p., 7 figures, 13 tables, 20 bibliographic names; drawings - 7 arcs. f. A1 The purpose of the project is to calculate and choose equipment for the boiler house to ensure its all requirements and needs. Used methods of thermal, aerodynamic and hydraulic calculations of heat engineering and sanitary equipment. Calculation of heat load of consumers for heating, ventilation, hot water supply were given; calculations of the heating scheme of the boiler house. The main and auxiliary equipment was selected. As alternative sources of energy, it was decided to install solar collectors on the roof of the boiler house, which will be able to meet the needs of hot water supply on sunny days. The boiler room fully covers the needs of the heating, ventilation, hot water and technological needs in the water. It is shown that alternative sources of energy need to be used in the future, because it enables our Ukraine to significantly reduce the dependence of its economy on imports of energy resources. The drawings are diagrams of the boiler house and the arrangement of the selected equipment, and розрізи А-А,Б-Б,Г-Г,Д-Д,,Газопроводів,Автоматики і КВП, Магистреская дисертация на соискание степени магистра по оброзовательно- професиональной программе подготовки на тему:«Реконструкция котельной Вознесенского сыр завода»: пояснительная записка на 78 с., 7 рис., 13 табл.,20 библиографических наименований чертежей - 7 л. ф. А1. Цель проекта - рассчитать и подобрать оборудование для котельной обеспечения ее всех требований и потребностей. Использованные методики тепловых, аэродинамических и гидравлических расчетов теплотехнологического и санитарно-технического оборудования. Были приведены расчеты тепловых нагрузок потребителей на отопление, обеспечить нужды горячего водоснабжения в солнечные дни. Котельная полностью покрывает потребности системы отопления, вентиляции, горячего водоснабжения, а также технологической потребности в воде. Показано что альтернативные источники энергии нужно использовать в дальнейшем, поскольку это дает возможность нашей Украине значительно уменьшить зависимость ее экономики от импорта энергоресурсов. На чертежах приведены схемы котельной и компоновка выбранного оборудования, и розрізи А-А,Б-Б,Г-Г,Д-Д,,Газопроводов,Автоматики і КВП

Магістерська дисертація на здобуття ступеня магістра за освітньо-професійною програмою підготовки на тему: «Модернізація парової котельні м’ясо-комбінату у м. Вишневе, Київської області» 98 с., 8 рис., 12 табл., дод., 8 креслеників формату А1. Об’єкт розробки – .парова котельня. Мета роботи – модернізація котельні з метою безперебійної почачі пари та безперервного виконання робочого процесу. Існуюча котельна введена в експлуатацію в 1989 році з чотирма паровими котлами типу Е-1/9Г (МЗК-7). Загальна парова потужність котельної 4т/год. Котельна відпускає пару тиском 0,7МПа Наведені розрахунки теплової схеми котельні, вибір основного та допоміжного обладнання, аеродинамічний розрахунок газового тракту. Проектом передбачається встановлення сучасного більш ефективного котельного обладнання виробництва котлобудівного заводу BBS, GmbH (Німеччина) типу HD4000-10, паропродуктивністю 4 т/годину кожний.на місці та замість фізично спрацьованого з ККД не більше 85%. Зріст продуктивності котельні відповідає очікуваному збільшенню випуску основної продукції м'ясокомбінату. Розроблений стартап-проект, в результаті техніко-економічних розрахунків показано, що встановлення теплоутилізаційної установки з поверхневими калориферами дає економічний ефект. Передбачені заходи з охорони праці та безпеки в надзвичайних ситуаціях., Master's dissertation for a master's degree in the educational and professional training program on the topic: "Modernization of the steam boiler room of the meat-packing plant in Vyshneve, Kyiv region" 98 pp., 8 figures, 12 tables, additions, 8 drawings of the format A1. The object of development is a steam boiler house. The purpose of the work is the modernization of the boiler house with the aim of uninterrupted steam start and continuous execution of the work process. The existing boiler house was put into operation in 1989 with four steam boilers type E-1 / 9G (MZK-7). The total steam capacity of the boiler room is 4 t / h. The boiler room releases steam at a pressure of 0.7 MPa The calculations of the thermal scheme of the boiler room, the choice of the main and auxiliary equipment, the aerodynamic calculation of the gas path are given. The project envisages the installation of modern more efficient boiler equipment manufactured by the boiler plant BBS, GmbH (Germany) type HD4000-10, with a steam productivity of 4 t / hour each. The increase in the productivity of the boiler house corresponds to the expected increase in the output of the main products of the meat-packing plant. The startup project is developed, as a result of technical and economic calculations it is shown that installation of the heat utilization installation with surface heaters gives economic effect. Measures for labor protection and safety in emergency situations are provided., Магистерская диссертация на соискание степени магистра по образовательно-профессиональной программе подготовки на тему: «Модернизация паровой котельной мясо-комбината в г.. Вишневое, Киевской области» 98 с., 8 рис., 12 табл., Доп., 8 чертежей формата А1. Объект разработки - .парова котельная. Цель работы - модернизация котельной с целью бесперебойной почачи пары и непрерывного выполнения рабочего процесса. Существующая котельная введена в эксплуатацию в 1989 году с четырьмя паровыми котлами типа Е-1 / 9Г (МЗК-7). Общая паровая мощность котельной 4т / ч. Котельная отпускает пару давлением 0,7МПа Приведенные расчеты тепловой схемы котельной, выбор основного и вспомогательного оборудования, аэродинамический расчет газового тракта. Проектом предусматривается установление современного более эффективного котельного оборудования производства котлобудивного завода BBS, GmbH (Германия) типа HD4000-10, паропроизводительностью 4 т / час кожний.на месте и вместо физически изношенного с КПД не более 85%. Рост производительности котельной соответствует ожидаемому увеличению выпуска основной продукции мясокомбината. Разработанный стартап-проект, в результате технико-экономических расчетов показано, что установление теплоутилизационных установки с поверхностными калориферами дает экономический эффект. Предусмотрены мероприятия по охране труда и безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях.

[ES] El propósito del proyecto realizado es encontrar una solución a los problemas relacionados con la inmovilización de la pierna con escayola. El principal problema es la resolución de la mala circulación de la sangre que provoca trombosis. De esta forma se pretende evitar al mismo tiempo el empleo de las inyecciones de heparina constantes que debe usar el paciente. Mediante la tecnología 3D se llega a resolver también problemas como el peso y la higiene. Puedes hasta ducharte con ella., [EN] Igea is a non-invasive external compression system composed of a Hub, three garments, and a 3D printed cast realized ad hoc for the user. It performs a therapy to reduce the incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) by emulating the plantar pump principle. This mechanism finds place in plantar venous plexus, which is an area of the foot composed of multiple veins. Its compression during ambulation is capable to increase significantly the flow through the posterior tibial venous system into the popliteal vein. In Igea this principle is performed by a pump placed inside the hub that provides intermittent cycles of compressed air to two connected compression garments, which are mounted on pre-set open areas on the plaster, specifically on the foot and on the calf.

Дипломний проект першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти на тему: «Розпилювальна дискова сушильна установка для виробництва сухого молока»: пояснювальна записка на 67 с., 3 рис., 4 табл., 21 бібліографічних найменувань; 1 дод.; креслень – 3 арк. ф. А1 та 1 арк. ф. А2. Сушильна установка знаходиться на Пирятинському сирзаводі у м. Пирятин, Полтавської області. Мета проекту – модернізувати та вдосконалити дискову сушильну установку для виробництва сухого молока. Модернізація установки дозволить збільшити її продуктивність по сухому молоку та ККД процесу сушіння. Це призведе до підвищення ефективності роботи установки та економії первинних енергоресурсів. Використані методики теплових, аеродинамічних, гідравлічних та міцністних розрахунків теплотехнологічного обладнання. За результатами розрахунків сушильної установки спроектовано розпилювальний диск та скрубер Вентурі. Також підібрано допоміжного обладнання, зокрема: калорифер для підігріву сушильного агенту, вентилятори, насоси, електродвигуни. Збільшення продуктивності досягається зміною конструкції розпилювального диску. А саме, збільшенням кількість сопел диску з 6 до 8 штук. Геометричні розміри сушильної башти суттєво не змінюються. На кресленнях наведені теплова схема сушильної установки, креслення загального вигляду сушильної установки, скрубера Вентурі та розпилювального диску., Diploma project of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education on the topic: "Spray disk drying unit for milk powder production": explanatory note for 67 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables, 21 bibliographic titles; 1 app.; drawings - 3 sheets. f. A1 and 1 sheet. f. A2. The drying plant is located at the Pyriatyn Cheese Factory in Pyriatyn, Poltava region. The aim of the project is to modernize and improve the disk drying unit for milk powder production. Modernization of the plant will increase its productivity in milk powder and efficiency of the drying process. This will increase the efficiency of the installation and save primary energy resources. Methods of thermal, aerodynamic, hydraulic and strength calculations of thermal equipment are used. According to the results of the calculations of the drying unit, a spray disk and a Venturi scrubber were designed. Auxiliary equipment is also selected, in particular: heater for heating the drying agent, fans, pumps, electric motors. Increased productivity is achieved by changing the design of the spray disk. Namely, increasing the number of disk nozzles from 6 to 8 pieces. The geometric dimensions of the drying tower do not change significantly. The drawings show the thermal diagram of the drying unit, the general view of the drying unit, the Venturi scrubber and the spray disk., Дипломный проект первого (бакалаврской) уровня высшего образования на тему: «Распылительная дисковая сушильная установка для производства сухого молока»: пояснительная записка на 67 с., 3 рис., 4 табл., 21 библиографических наименований; 1 прилож.; чертежей - 3 л. ф. А1 и 1 л. ф. А2. Сушильная установка находится на Пирятинский сырзавод в г.. Приятно, Полтавской области. Цель проекта - модернизировать и усовершенствовать дисковую сушильную установку для производства сухого молока. Модернизация установки позволит увеличить ее производительность по сухому молоку и КПД процесса сушки. Это приведет к повышению эффективности работы установки и экономии первичных энергоресурсов. Использованные методики тепловых, аэродинамических, гидравлических и прочностных расчетов теплотехнологического оборудования. По результатам расчетов сушильной установки спроектированы пильный диск и скруббер Вентури. Также подобрано вспомогательного оборудования, в частности: калорифер для подогрева сушильного агента, вентиляторы, насосы, электродвигатели. Увеличение производительности достигается изменением конструкции пильного диска. В частности, увеличением количество сопел диска с 6 до 8 штук. Геометрические размеры сушильной башни существенно не изменяются. На чертежах приведены тепловая схема сушильной установки, чертежи общего вида сушильной установки, скруббера Вентури и пильного диска.

[ES] El agua es uno de los recursos más preciados y por ello, ante la creciente demanda de los últimos años, se están desarrollando nuevas técnicas para su gestión. Este trabajo se basa en el desarrollo y testeo de un sistema de monitorización (IoT) para estaciones de bombeo de aguas residuales. Para el desarrollo de este sistema se emplean sensores y digitalizadores de la empresa noruega EI-Watch, conformando un conjunto de dispositivos que reúnen y manejan los datos desde un portal web. El objetivo del proyecto es la reproducción de un ambiente similar al de una estación de bombeo de aguas residuales, en un laboratorio en la Universidad Técnica de Berlín. Se desarrollan diferentes implementaciones en Matlab para entender el comportamiento de los sensores y ser capces de gestionas los datos de manera accesible y sincronizada. Tras el desarrollo de estas estructuras, se presentan ciertos casos experimentales para mostrar las relaciones entre las variables y analizar diferentes comportamientos del sistema hidráulico., [EN] Water is one of the most precious resources and, due to the growing demand of recent years, new techniques for its management are being developed. This work is based on the development and testing of a monitoring system (IoT) for wastewater pumping stations. For the development of this system, sensors and digitizers of the Norwegian company EI-Watch are used, forming a set of devices that collect and manage data from a web portal. The objective of the project is the reproduction of a similar environment to the one on wastewater pumping stations, in a laboratory at the Technical University of Berlin. Different implementations are developed in Matlab to understand the behavior of the sensors and be able to manage the data in an accessible and synchronized way. After the development of these structures, certain experimental cases are presented to show the relationships between the variables and analyze different behaviors in the hydraulic system.

One of the area inundated by flood and sea level rise (rob) in northern of Semarang city is Unissula campus and Terboyo terminal. The inundation in this area is caused by the high of sea levels (rob), so this area is often inundated by flood and rob during rainfall and high tide. The pumping simulation should be carry out in that area. By calculating and evaluating the river reservoir capacity towards the inflow such as hydrograph of design discharge of 10 years return period. Based on the observation results of water level elevation by the automatical “diver”, it discovered that the sea level elevation is higher than water level elevation in the land area. To keep the water elevation in Unissula-Terboyo area that is +1.00, so pumping should be working. The one of simulation results with 1.25 m3/s pump capacity is +1.12 m highest water level elevation and pump is active for 11 hours to reach + 0.95 m elevation. According to the in situ experiment, Polder system and its storage quite effective to maintain water elevation.

During the process of cutting metals a coolant is often used for cooling the material being processed and to extend the lifespan of the cutting tool. After the process a mixture of coolant and metal chips remain. In order to separate these from each other vacuum filtration is used. The process of vacuum filtration works in such a way that a pump is used to generate a vacuum behind the filter. This causes the fluid to pass through the filter at an immense speed while the metal chips remain on the outside of the filter. After the separation the fluid may be reused in future cutting processes and the metal chips may be melted down and used in future products. The purpose of the project was to examine how different parameters like the flow, the vacuum, the pressure and the power consumption were affected by the chip coating on the filter. The goal was to observe the optimal working interval of the filtration system. In other words when the system filtrates fluid at the highest possible speed whilst still providing excellent filtration. The goal was also to examine how the different parameters changed in relation to the coating and each other. A machine for the testing was assembled. This machine used the same model of pump as the companies industrial filtration solutions. This meant that the flows, vacuums, pressures and power consumptions were all representative of the values produced by the industrial solutions. Instead of using an actual filter for the testing a check valve was used to simulate certain amounts of coating on the filter. The amounts simulated were between 10 and 60 degrees in intervals of 5 degrees. Another check valve was used for constricting the pressure side. This one was constricted between 10 and 50 degrees in intervals of 10 degrees. Constriction on the pressure side is used to extend the available working area of the system and decrease the vacuum. Although this decreases the flow as well. The tests illustrated clearly that the optimal working

Energy usage in buildings is a main contributor to CO2 emissions and in order for the EU to reach the 2050 goal of carbon-neutrality, there is a great need to improve the energy efficiency in buildings, particularly commercial buildings that often are substantially overdesigned. Excess margins in the design process of building services result in an oversizing of these systems which has great environmental impacts, divided up as the operational and embodied carbon footprints. The heating and cooling system of an NHS Hospital in southern England was studied and modelled in order to identify whether the system was overdesigned and to quantify the oversizing’s carbon footprint, which was the aim of the study. The cooling system of the NHS Hospital was determined potentially oversized and the focus of the thesis was therefore on the cooling system. It included the chillers that provide cooling, and the associated adiabatic coolers that provide heat rejection, as well as the affiliated pumps. The carbon footprint of this system was quantified, based on the operational energy use, the current grid carbon factor, environmental performance evaluations of units, observations and assumptions, and its cooling capacity was compared to the demand of the hospital. An optimised alternative was developed through analysis of the current system and its capacity, and the demand at the site, as well as based on the learnings of the background research. The system was designed to consist of smaller chillers and a reduced pumping system, to more correctly match the cooling demand. The optimised system was also modelled, its capacity compared to the demand, and its carbon footprint quantified. A future estimation of the two systems’ carbon footprints was calculated for year 2035, based on a projected grid carbon factor. The systems’ setups and carbon footprints were then compared for the current and projected scenarios, and the results discussed, also in regard to mitigation strategies tha, Byggnaders energianvändning är en markant bidragande faktor till koldioxidutsläppen, och för att EU ska kunna nå målet att vara klimatneutral år 2050 finns det ett stort behov av att förbättra energieffektiviteten i byggnader, särskilt kommersiella byggnader som ofta är väsentligt överdesignade. Överskottsmarginaler i designprocessen av byggnadstjänster resulterar i en överdimensionering, som har en enorm miljöpåverkan, vilken delas upp som det operativa och det inneslutna klimatavtrycket. Studiens syfte var att studera och modellera värme- och kylsystemet på ett sjukhus i södra England för att identifiera om systemet var överdimensionerat, och för att kvantifiera dess klimatavtryck. Sjukhusets kylsystem bedömdes vara potentiellt överdimensionerat och studiens fokus var därför på kylsystemet. Det inkluderade kylarna som ger kylning och de anknutna adiabatiska kylarna som ger värmebortförsel, samt de tillhörande pumparna. Klimatavtrycket för systemet kvantifierades, baserat på den operativa energianvändningen, den nuvarande koldioxidfaktorn för elnätet, miljöutvärderingar av enheter, observationer och antaganden, och dess kylkapacitet jämfördes med sjukhusets behov. Ett optimerat alternativ utvecklades genom analys av det nuvarande systemet och dess kapacitet, och behovet på platsen, samt baserat på lärdomarna i litteraturforskningen. Systemet var utformat för att bestå av mindre kylare och ett reducerat pumpsystem för att bättre matcha kylbehovet. Även det optimerade systemet modellerades, dess kapacitet jämfördes med behovet, och dess klimatavtryck kvantifierades. En framtida uppskattning av de två systemens klimatavtryck beräknades för år 2035, baserat på en prognostiserad koldioxidfaktor för elnätet. Systemens uppsättningar och klimatavtryck jämfördes för de nuvarande och framtida scenarierna, resultaten diskuterades sedan, även med avseende på mildringsstrategier som kan leda till en reducering av o

This article presents a LoRa-based automated device to control irrigation in the garden based on data from sensors monitoring the environment. The device also sends all data via its private IoT LoRa network or public LoRaWAN network. The measured data are also distributed via the internet to the Thingspeak channel. This device is mounted on a PCB and its operation is backed up by its own accumulator (operation about 3-4 weeks), although permanent connection to the mains is assumed.

This article presents a LoRa-based automated device to control irrigation in the garden based on data from sensors monitoring the environment. The device also sends all data via its private IoT LoRa network or public LoRaWAN network. The measured data are also distributed via the internet to the Thingspeak channel. This device is mounted on a PCB and its operation is backed up by its own accumulator (operation about 3-4 weeks), although permanent connection to the mains is assumed.

This article presents a LoRa-based automated device to control irrigation in the garden based on data from sensors monitoring the environment. The device also sends all data via its private IoT LoRa network or public LoRaWAN network. The measured data are also distributed via the internet to the Thingspeak channel. This device is mounted on a PCB and its operation is backed up by its own accumulator (operation about 3-4 weeks), although permanent connection to the mains is assumed.

This article presents a LoRa-based automated device to control irrigation in the garden based on data from sensors monitoring the environment. The device also sends all data via its private IoT LoRa network or public LoRaWAN network. The measured data are also distributed via the internet to the Thingspeak channel. This device is mounted on a PCB and its operation is backed up by its own accumulator (operation about 3-4 weeks), although permanent connection to the mains is assumed.

This paper presents theoretical considerations and working parameters analyzes of hydrotransport during unstable flow. The variable flow of hydraulic mixture in installations causes unsteady operation and pipes spraying, pump damage, obturation in various sections of the pipeline, reduced capacity as well as higher operating costs. Using mathematical equations presented in this paper, such parameters of the hydraulic mixture, hydrotransport installation and control devices can be determined which protect system from possible clogging. Considering the fact that critical speed of hydraulic mixture depends on transported material grain size, mixture volume mass, diameter of pipeline and specific gravity of solid phase, it is possible to accurately analyze obturation in hydrotransport installations depending on those parameters. In order to prevent hydraulic impacts in hydrotransport installation pipelines, which value can be determined mathematically, it is necessary to adjust installation to hydromixture parameters and pump, or vice versa.