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The aim of this research is to develop a robust multicriteria method to classify suppliers into ordered categories and its validation in real contexts. The proposed technique is based on a property of net flows of the PROMETHEE method and uses global and local search concepts, which are common in the optimisation field. The results obtained are compared to those from the most cited sorting algorithm, and an empirical validation and sensitivity analysis is performed using real supplier evaluation data. Furthermore, it does not require additional information from decision-makers as other sorting algorithms do for assigning incomparable or indifferent alternatives to groups. An extension of the silhouette concept from data mining is also contributed to measure the quality of ordered classes. Both contributions are easy to apply and integrate into decision support systems for automated decisions in the supply chain management. Finally, this practical approach is also useful to classify customers and any type of alternatives or actions into ordered categories, which have an increasing number of real applications., Depto. de Economía Financiera y Actuarial y Estadística, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

For companies, customer segmentation plays a key role in improving supply chain management by implementing appropriate marketing strategies. The objectives of this research are to design and validate a multicriteria model to support decision making for customer segmentation in a business to business context. First, the model based on the transactional customer behaviour is extended by a hierarchy with three main criteria: Recency, Frequency and Monetary (RFM), customer collaboration and growth rates. Customer collaboration includes quota compliance, variety of products and customer commitment to sustainability (reverse logistics and shared information). Second, the Global Local Net Flow Sorting (GLNF sorting) algorithm is implemented and validated using real company data to classify 8,157 customers of a multinational healthcare company. Third, the SILS quality indicator has been implemented and validated to assess the quality of preference-ordered customer groups and its parameters have been adapted for contexts with thousands of alternatives. The results are also compared with an alternative model based on data mining (K-means). The multicriteria system proposed allows to segment thousands of customers in ordered categories by preferences according to company strategies. The segments generated are more homogeneous, robust and understandable by managers than those from alternative methods. These advantages represent a relevant contribution to automating supply chain management while providing detailed analysis tools for decision making., Depto. de Economía Financiera y Actuarial y Estadística, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

Reducing environmental pollution caused by traditional mobility solutions, such as combustion vehicles, requires a deep dive into sustainable mobility. Consequently, promoting electric vehicles (EVs) constitutes a long-hanging fruit for establishing a route map for decarbonizing city mobility. Nevertheless, several tasks require urgent attention to allow EV technology to deploy in cities. For instance, optimal locations of charging stations for EVs by considering a multicriteria approach are urgently required. This work studies the most feasible alternatives for locating and implementing EV chargers (EVC) in Azogues, Ecuador. This study applies Promethee multicriteria method, considering three different location alternatives in the city and four criteria that will be divided into ten subcriteria for the analysis. First, the multi-objective function ́s weighting factors were established using three weighting methods: equal weighting, point allocation, and critical weighting. Once the matrix of sub-criteria with their weights was established, Visual Promethee, which works with Promethee II, was applied to establish the optimal candidate site. The results of this optimization analysis indicate an optimal location for the EVC.

Despite currently having only one operational offshore wind farm, Italy holds a significant potential for the future development of this technology. The Global Wind Council placed Italy second in its ranking of the world’s 30 most attractive markets regarding the potential of future offshore development, attracting the attention of numerous developers. The characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea, with its high water depth, make it possible to develop mainly floating technology. Furthermore, the absence of severe weather events, present in the Atlantic and the North Sea instead, enhanced security and contributed to the reduction of investment risks. Currently, there are many new wind farms awaiting approval, as evidenced by Terna, the Italian Transmission System Operator (TSO), which announced that by the end of October 2022 the connection requests for offshore wind projects had reached 95 GW. This thesis aims to develop an approach able to compare several projects from multiple perspectives. Specifically, the thesis applies the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to evaluate and compare four floating offshore wind farms which are now in the permitting phase. The projects are located off the coast of Sardinia, one of the most promising locations in the Mediterranean Sea for offshore wind installation. The evaluation of the future wind farms is conducted using eleven criteria, each assigned a different weight based on the preferences of six stakeholder groups. The tool used to rank the criteria is the PROMETHEE tool. The results demonstrate that each stakeholder group ranks the projects differently based on their respective preferences. Finally, an overall ranking of the wind farms is derived, identifying the most and least favorable projects.

So far, the rank reversal (RR) phenomenon has been heavily discussed in the multiple criteria analysis literature. In this work, instead of focusing on RR occurrences within PROMETHEE II, an analysis of the third alternative with respect to a given pair of alternatives is conducted. The aim is to provide a way to identify third alternatives able to cause RR between a specific pair. This opens the question of building alternatives causing RR occurrences. Such alternatives can then be used to assess the resistance a given ranking has to RR. In the end, two different approaches are used. The first considers the number of third alternatives to be added to generate RR for a given pair of alternatives. While, the second one, provides a new threshold for RR occurrences in PROMETHEE II., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) is an outranking series of multi-attribute decision making used to assess a finite collection of alternatives based on conflicting criteria. One of its significant benefits is its adjustability in response to a set of acceptable preference functions that may quantify the differences between alternatives conditional on the kind and structure of the criteria. This article offers the novel approach of the PROMETHEE method, named the 2TLmF PROMETHEE method, which combines the multi-polarity with linguistic information of decision problems. The customary procedure of the offered technique begins with the normalized weights of the attributes assigned by decision-makers. After that, Gaussian and the usual preference functions are utilized to determine the preferences of the alternatives. The ultimate choice is based on the alternative's positive and negative outranking flow. The positive outranking demonstrates how one alternative outranks all other options, while the negative preference flow implies an alternative is superior to all other options. There are several modifications to the PROMETHEE approach, two of which are discussed in this article. The first is PROMETHEE I, which uses positive and negative preference flows to generate a partial ranking. Secondly, PROMETHEE II gives a comprehensive rating list based on the net flow, representing the balance of positive and negative preference flows. Further, a comprehensive flowchart is used to show the entire picture of the proposed methodology. As an application, a real-life situation related to selecting an elliptical machine for a home gym is chosen to illustrate the transparency and reliability of the presented work. Finally, a comparative study is carried out to illustrate the strength and applicability of the proposed method.

Transportation consumes approximately 29% of the world's energy and is responsible for approximately 25% of CO2 emissions worldwide. In Cuenca, Ecuador, fossil fuels for transportation represent 59.9% of total energy consumption. Ecuadorian legislation has specified gradually replacing traditional public bus transport units with electric units. Because the relevant costs include those associated with replacing equipment and improving route networks, alternatives that prioritize incorporating the first units on the best routes are being sought. This work establishes a methodological process with a set of tools to prioritize the gradual migration from conventional to electric buses according to the characteristics of each route. The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluation (PROMETHEE) multicriteria technique is used to detect the best routes according to technical, social, environmental, economic and location criteria. A final rank of routes is obtained using Visual PROMETHEE software. After the values defining each criterion and its corresponding weight were processed, the final ranking makes it possible to prioritize one route before others. Given 23 lines and 475 bus units, the method enabled us to determine that in an initial phase, 68 electric buses are required to be used on five lines to reduce fuel consumption. The factors that most influence decision making are the number of passengers served, the length of the trip and the energy required by the route

MSC: 90B06; 90B50; 90C29; 91B16., Sustainable supplier selection is a key strategic problem in supply chain management. The aim of this research is to provide a new hybrid multicriteria model for evaluating technology suppliers and validate it with a case study in the banking sector. This approach allows companies to perform qualification, selection, ranking and sorting of suppliers on a sustainable basis. Integration of several techniques is necessary to address this complex decision problem with conflicting economic, environmental and social criteria. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is useful for problem structuring and weighting criteria collaboratively. Multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) is applied to obtain indicators for product quality and supplier risks, whose utility functions are derived by data-driven models that favour evaluation objectivity and transparency. Preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) is suitable for supplier selection due to its discriminant power among alternatives. Finally, FlowSort is proposed to classify suppliers into ordered groups and the outcomes are compared with results from MAUT. Results show its applicability by increasing process transparency and reducing operational risks in practice., Depto. de Economía Financiera y Actuarial y Estadística, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

Supplier performance evaluation is one of the important factors in the supply chain because it is one of the company's strategies for increasing customer satisfaction and also maintaining the company's services in meeting consumer demand. This study proposes the integration of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) to evaluate supplier performance. The integration of the two methods is proposed to obtain more complex assessment results because the combination of the two methods considers various criteria derived from ANP and various preferences from PROMETHEE, so both methods are very good to use instead of using just ANP or PROMETHEE or other methods. ANP exhibit more complex relationships between criteria and levels in the decision hierarchy, while PROMETHEE provides decision-makers with flexible and straightforward outranking to analyze multi-criteria problems. In this study, ANP is used to weight the criteria, and PROMETHEE is used to rank suppliers in evaluating supplier performance. Integrating these two methods provides more objective and accurate results in multi-criteria decision-making. The proposed method is validated by solving an industrial case of supplier evaluation problem using the real data from the skewer industry. Finally, some useful implications for managerial decision-making are discussed.

Multicriteria decision aid consists in helping decision-makers to compare (rank, choose, sort, etc.) different alternatives which are evaluated on conflicting criteria. A well-known family of decision aid methods is the PROMETHEE family. It has been highlighted that these methods may suffer from rank reversal occurrences. However, Mareschal et al. and later Verly and De Smet have pointed out that rank reversal could only occur between alternatives having similar flow scores. In this work, a stricter threshold on the difference of net flow scores is proposed. It is shown using real datasets that the new threshold significantly reduces the pairs of alternatives subject to rank reversal. A comparison of the different thresholds according to the information on which they are based is also given. These new insights suggest carefully reconsidering the definition of the indifference and the incomparability relation in the context of PROMETHEE methods., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Promethee ii is a multi-criteria decision aid method working as follows: firstly, all alternatives are compared two by two to form a pairwise comparison matrix. Then the net flow score procedure is applied on this matrix to assign a score to each alternative according to which they are ranked. Methods of the Promethee family may suffer from rank reversal occurrences. The legitimacy of methods suffering from this phenomenon has been largely debated in the literature. The aim of this work is to provide a characterization of the Promethee ii net flow scores as a combination between two distinct methods based on different hypotheses. The first one is based on the direct pairwise comparison of the two considered alternatives while the second is based on the comparison with respect to all the other alternatives of the problem. This combination highlights the dependence on third alternatives as an inherent characteristic of the Promethee ii method., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A way to minimize uncertainty and achieve the best possible project performance in construction project management can be achieved during the procurement process, which involves selecting an optimal contractor according to “the most economically advantageous tender.” As resources are limited, decision-makers are often pulled apart by conflicting demands coming from various stakeholders. The challenge of addressing them at the same time can be modelled as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. The aim of this paper is to show that the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) together with PROMETHEE could cope with such a problem. As a result of their synergy, a decision support concept for selecting the optimal contractor (DSC-CONT) is proposed that: (a) allows the incorporation of opposing stakeholders’ demands; (b) increases the transparency of decision-making and the consistency of the decision-making process; (c) enhances the legitimacy of the final outcome; and (d) is a scientific approach with great potential for application to similar decision-making problems where sustainable decisions are needed.

The concentration of livestock production is problematic due to environmental concerns. European regulations are guiding the sector to become increasingly sustainable and, at the same time, maintaining the population in rural areas. The aim was to determine suitable areas in municipalities where livestock is presented as a market option. The methodology applied was based on the combination of multi-criteria methods and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, following three steps: removal of unsuitable zones by sectoral regulations (STEP 1); removal of unsuitable zones due to urban planning, and environmental recommendations (STEP 2); and evaluating the resulting areas depending on the importance of socio-economic, sectoral, and environmental characteristics. This study was based in a Spanish region with ongoing conflicts over land use on the coast but with a high number of rural municipalities at risk of depopulation in the interior. The results showed that 33% of the municipalities of the Valencian Community (VC) had suitable and outranking areas for the development of the swine sector. The 43 municipalities with the highest scores were because of the socio-economic factor and confirmed that suitable livestock development in municipalities with the highest risk of depopulation and low rural tourism activity was a key issue for development, Depto. de Economía Financiera y Actuarial y Estadística, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

A way to minimize uncertainty and achieve the best possible project performance in construction project management can be achieved during the procurement process, which involves selecting an optimal contractor according to “the most economically advantageous tender.” As resources are limited, decision-makers are often pulled apart by conflicting demands coming from various stakeholders. The challenge of addressing them at the same time can be modelled as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. The aim of this paper is to show that the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) together with PROMETHEE could cope with such a problem. As a result of their synergy, a decision support concept for selecting the optimal contractor (DSC-CONT) is proposed that: (a) allows the incorporation of opposing stakeholders’ demands; (b) increases the transparency of decision-making and the consistency of the decision-making process; (c) enhances the legitimacy of the final outcome; and (d) is a scientific approach with great potential for application to similar decision-making problems where sustainable decisions are needed.

A way to minimize uncertainty and achieve the best possible project performance in construction project management can be achieved during the procurement process, which involves selecting an optimal contractor according to “the most economically advantageous tender.” As resources are limited, decision-makers are often pulled apart by conflicting demands coming from various stakeholders. The challenge of addressing them at the same time can be modelled as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. The aim of this paper is to show that the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) together with PROMETHEE could cope with such a problem. As a result of their synergy, a decision support concept for selecting the optimal contractor (DSC-CONT) is proposed that: (a) allows the incorporation of opposing stakeholders’ demands; (b) increases the transparency of decision-making and the consistency of the decision-making process; (c) enhances the legitimacy of the final outcome; and (d) is a scientific approach with great potential for application to similar decision-making problems where sustainable decisions are needed.

There is no doubt that Bimal Nepal, Ph.D. (Associate Editor) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economy of one country. The aim of this paper is to rank SMEs failure factors in order to identify the most influential ones. Identification of the most influential factors can help SMEs develop an optimal strategy for improving a business environment and remove obstacles they encounter while conducting business. In addition, the existing and future entrepreneurs/managers would become aware of potential obstacles. Therefore, they would be able to prepare an appropriate response to overcome these obstacles. For the ranking of the failure factors of SMEs, the hybrid Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)-Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) model was used, which represents a new approach to ranking of the failure factors. The ABC method was applied to the obtained results in order to separate the group of the most influential factors. This group includes the following factors: Economic issues, Possibility of increasing capacity, Political issues, the Supply of electricity, Management of receivables/payables and Legislative issues. The obtained results indicate that the main problems which SMEs encounter come from the environment in which they operate, as well as from SMEs themselves. Therefore, there is an additional need to improve the business environment for SMEs, and also to identify these factors and resolve the problems in order to reduce the potential SMEs failure.

[EN] Increasing food supply chain sustainability means having to deal with many conflicting aspects and involves producers, several departments in distribution companies, and consumers. The objectives of this research are to develop models to solve real-world supplier evaluation problems and validate them with real data on fresh fruits in a supermarket chain. Literature review and results from a survey with managers from purchasing, logistics, and quality departments of a food distribution company are used to establish criteria, to first model the assessment of products and, second, to model supplier evaluation. A multicriteria hybrid approach is proposed, using multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) to assess the quality of products and Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) to complete their evaluation with strategic criteria to be included in the second phase. The results allow companies to rank suppliers by product and classify them according to the main criteria categories, such as product strategy, food safety, economic, logistic, commercial, green image and corporate social responsibility. A sorting approach is also applied to obtain ordered groups of suppliers. Finally, the models proposed can form the core of a decision support system in order to create and monitor the supplier base in food distribution companies, as well as to inform sustainable decision making.

[ES] El avance de servicios en el mercado financiero está estrictamente relacionado con la gestión tecnológica. Las compras y contrataciones constituyen un eslabón importante en el abastecimiento estratégico para las empresas del sector. El proceso de selección de proveedores es crítico para obtener servicios y productos que se adapten a sus necesidades. Además, es importante garantizar el cumplimiento de unos requisitos mínimos de transparencia en el procedimiento, que ayuden a mitigar riesgos en la contratación. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer modelos de evaluación objetiva que permitan a las entidades financieras seleccionar eficientemente a sus proveedores de acuerdo a unos parámetros y criterios de interés. Específicamente se aplican a una licitación de hardware que contempla la compra de lectores código de barras en una entidad financiera. La metodología utilizada está compuesta por tres técnicas multicriterio: AHP, MAUT y PROMETHEE. Estas técnicas se han integrado para ofrecer diferentes enfoques en la solución del problema de decisión. La evaluación inicia con la definición de criterios habilitantes y criterios calificables. Los criterios calificables se han representado en una jerarquía enfocada en tres ejes: calidad, comercial y logística. Se utiliza el método AHP para asignar los pesos porcentuales de los criterios calificables. Posteriormente, se calcula con MAUT dos indicadores que presenten las especificaciones técnicas y capacidad financiera. Para el último indicador las escalas de calificación se han definido teniendo en cuenta el valor de los ratios del sector económico de los proveedores. Finalmente, se recoge la información de los pesos porcentuales calculados con AHP, los indicadores obtenidos con MAUT y junto con los valores propuestos para los demás criterios, se procede a calcular dos evaluaciones finales aplicando las técnicas PROMETHEE y MAUT. Los resultados obtenidos presentan una diferencia en las calificaciones de las propuestas, [EN] The advancement of services in the financial market is strictly related to technological management. Purchases and contracts constitute an important link in the strategic supply for companies in the sector. The supplier selection process is critical to obtaining services and products that are tailored to your needs. In addition, it is important to ensure compliance with minimum requirements of transparency in the procedure, which help mitigate risks in contracting. The objective of this work is to propose objective evaluation models that allow financial institutions to efficiently select their suppliers according to some parameters and criteria of interest. Specifically, to apply to a hardware tender that contemplates the purchase of barcode readers at a financial institution. The methodology used is composed of three multi-criteria techniques: AHP, MAUT and PROMETHEE. These techniques have been integrated to offer different approaches in solving the decision problem. The evaluation begins with the definition of qualifying criteria and rating criteria. Rating criteria has been represented in a hierarchy focused on three axes: quality, commercial and logistics. The AHP method is used to assign the percentage weights of the rating criteria. Subsequently, two indicators are calculated with MAUT that present the technical specifications and financial capacity. For the last indicator, the rating scales have been defined considering the value of the economic sector ratios of the suppliers. Finally, the information is collected on the percentage weights calculated with AHP, the indicators obtained with MAUT and together with the values proposed for the other criteria, two final evaluations are calculated applying the PROMETHEE and MAUT techniques. The results obtained present a difference in the scores of the proposals, but they maintain the same ranking. The scores obtained with MAUT are higher than those obtained with PROMETHEE. For the criterion of financial capaci

[ES] Actualmente la gestión de proveedores es una función estratégica en la cadena de suministro de las empresas. Una adecuada gestión en este ámbito puede aportar una ventaja competitiva de las empresas y en particular en las del sector de distribución de alimentos. En este sector las certificaciones de seguridad alimentaria, calidad y medioambientales de los proveedores de productos frescos son factores críticos. Dado el elevado número de criterios que es necesario tener en cuenta en la evaluación de proveedores de productos frescos, las técnicas de multicriterio son herramientas adecuadas para seleccionar proveedores y para hacer una evaluación sistemática de su comportamiento. Por ello, en el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado, se ha propuesto un sistema basado en técnicas multicriterio para evaluar proveedores de productos frescos y aplicarlas en una empresa real. En particular, se han evaluado la calidad de frutas ecológicas y sus proveedores en una cadena de supermercados de la Comunidad Valenciana, mediante las técnicas multicriterio AHP, PROMETHEE y MAUT. Los criterios usados para la evaluación han sido seleccionados a través de una encuesta que respondieron los responsables de distintas áreas de esta cadena de supermercados. En el trabajo se ha aplicado AHP para determinar el peso correspondiente a cada uno de los criterios, organizados en cuatro grupos: criterios de calidad, logísticos y económicos, de seguridad alimentaria e imagen verde. Posteriormente, para la evaluación de la calidad de las frutas, se ha aplicado MAUT, ya que además de sistematizar y facilitar el proceso de aceptación o rechazo de un lote en las plataformas logísticas, valora también el nivel de calidad de las frutas. Finalmente, se han aplicado y comparado las metodologías MAUT y PROMETHEE para la evaluación de los proveedores con los criterios seleccionados. Como cabría esperar, existen diferencias entre ambos métodos que hacen que tengan fortalezas y debilidades para el ámbito de evalua, [EN] Supplier management plays nowadays a strategic role as part of the supply chain of a company. When properly managed, this area represents a competitive advantage for companies, in particular for those in the food distribution sector. Suppliers of fresh produce have the duty to provide food safety, quality and environmental certifications, as they are critical factors in this sector. Given the high number of criteria under consideration when assessing suppliers of fresh produce, multiple-criteria techniques are suitable tools for both selecting suppliers and systematically following up on their behaviour. Therefore, in this Final Degree Project, a system based on multiple-criteria techniques is proposed in order to evaluate suppliers of fresh produce, so that these techniques can be implemented in a real company. In particular, multiple-criteria techniques such as AHP, PROMETHEE and MAUT are used to assess the quality of organic fruits and their suppliers in a supermarket chain in the Valencian Community. The criteria used for the evaluation are based on the results of a survey that the managers of different areas of this supermarket chain completed. The AHP technique is adopted to determine the relevance of the following four groups of criteria: quality, logistic and economic, food safety and green image. Thereupon, MAUT analysis is put into practice to evaluate fruit quality. Not only does this technique systematize and facilitate the process of acceptance or rejection of a lot in logistics platforms, but it also assesses fruit quality standards. Lastly, MAUT and PROMETHEE methodologies are implemented and compared for the evaluation of suppliers in accordance with selected criteria. As might be expected, both methods differ and possess strengths and weaknesses in terms of supplier evaluation. The two aforementioned methodologies have a shared strength, which is providing a significant number of practical tools for visual analysis. Furthermore, the implementat

In this study, we consider multicriteria decision making problems with respect to variable domination structures. These structures are considered in relation to variable weights of criteria based on alternatives preferences. Such problems have many applications in logistics, strategic management, economics, and many decision making processes. For solving such problems, we define a technique based on simple additive weighting, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) methods. Then, we utilize the PROMETHEE method for facility location selection.

Agribusiness stands out in the Brazilian economy. To maintain this importance, innovations in its routine activities are necessary. Generally, the choice on innovation guidelines is a determining factor for the success and implementation of some novelty in the market. During the prioritization process, the actor involved in the decision is influenced by several situations, which can hinder his decision making. Thus, to assist the decision-making process, several methods have been developed. PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method Enrichment Evaluation) is one of the main methods for decision support. The general objective of this work was to test the adherence of the PROMETHEE methodology to prioritize innovative ideas applied to agribusiness. The sample space used in this article was the program for the initiation of technological entrepreneurship called Startup in School - Google Edition, held in state technical schools of the Paula Souza Center. The school used in the study was the ETEC Benedito Storani, an important agricultural technical school in the State of São Paulo. Eight innovative ideas were presented to solve agribusiness problems. As a result, the PROMETHEE method created a total ordering (ranking) of the eight innovative ideas, which remained constant in all scenarios analyzed, demonstrating the stability of the prioritization method., O agronegócio se destaca na economia brasileira. Para manter essa importância, inovações em suas atividades rotineiras são necessárias. Geralmente a escolha sobre as diretrizes da inovação é fator determinante para o sucesso e implementação de alguma novidade no mercado. Durante o processo de priorização, o ator envolvido na decisão é influenciado por várias situações, o que pode atrapalhar a sua tomada de decisão. Assim, para auxiliar no processo decisório, diversos métodos foram desenvolvidos. O PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method Enrichment Evaluation) é um dos principais métodos para apoio à decisão. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi testar a aderência da metodologia PROMETHEE para priorizar ideias inovadoras aplicadas ao agronegócio. O espaço amostral utilizado nesse artigo foi o programa de iniciação ao empreendedorismo tecnológico denominado Startup in School – Edição Google, realizado nas escolas técnicas estaduais do Centro Paula Souza. A escola utilizada foi a ETEC Benedito Storani, uma importante escola técnica agrícola do Estado de São Paulo. Houve a apresentação de oitos ideias inovadoras para solucionar os problemas do agronegócio. Como resultado, o método PROMETHEE criou um ordenamento total (ranking) das oitos ideias inovadoras, o qual se manteve constante em todos os cenários analisados, demonstrando a estabilidade do método de priorização.

The inclusion of urban energy self-supply alternatives is an optimal condition to face the growth trend in energy infrastructures and nature impact as its consequence. Powering the urban grid including wind turbines inner the urban boundaries In Cuenca, Ecuador as case study have been analysed in this research. This city and its surroundings possess an average annual wind speed of 4 to 5 m / s, depending on different spots conditions, altitude and site characteristics. The PROMETHEE method is used to figure out the best suitable area to take advantage of the wind source for electric power in ranges less than 10KW (micro-scale). Four sites are determined as suitable alternatives, and they are evaluated based on sets of technical, economic, environmental and social criteria. For a more reliable solution, we propose three different scenarios based on different weighting methods. As consequence, the Turi location turns out to be the best option because geographical and wind conditions at the zone. However, it is necessary to analyze aspects related to visual and environmental impact for an adequate implementation of this type of projects. © European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ).

Decision making (DM), the process of determining and selecting alternative decisions based on information and the preferences of decision makers (DMs), plays a significant role in our daily personal and professional lives. Many DM methods have been developed to assist DMs in their unique type of decision process. In this thesis, DM methods associated with two types of DM processes are studied: Decision-making under uncertainty (DMUU) and Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). DMUU is making a decision when there are many unknowns or uncertainties about the kinds of states of nature (a complete description of the external factors) that could occur in the future to alter the outcome of a decision. DMUU has two subcategories: decision-making under strict uncertainty (DMUSU) and decision-making under risk (DMUR). Five classic DMUSU methods are Laplace’s insufficient reason principle, Wald’s Maximin, Savage’s Minimax regret, Hurwicz’s pessimism-optimism index criterion and Starr’s domain criterion. Furthermore, based on a review of the relation between a two-player game in game theory and DMUSU, Nash equilibrium is considered a method for approaching DMUSU as well. The well-known DMUR DM methods are expected monetary value, expected opportunity loss, most probable states of nature and expected utility. MCDM is a sub-discipline of operations research, where DMs evaluate multiple conflicting criteria in order to find a compromise solution subject to all the criteria. Numerous MCDM methods exist nowadays. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the ELimination et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELECTRE), the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are the most employed of all the various MCDM methods. This PhD work focuses on presenting a comparative study of DM methods theoretically and evaluating the performance of different methods on a single decision problem

[EN] The new European regulatory requirements incorporate territorial livestock planning as a key element to correct risks for the sector, for the nearby population and for the environment. The risk potential is high in areas with greater livestock density, and in addition, its detection is more complex. The objective of this study is to propose and validate a methodology to assess the risk of livestock farms, considering sectorial, social and environmental criteria. The methodology is based on the integration of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria tools. GIS is essential to obtain spatial data due to the location of the farms and to represent the results of the multicriteria analysis geographically. PROMETHEE, a multicriteria outranking method, has been applied to evaluate the risks of livestock farms, where the weights of different criteria have been obtained by using the AHP method from a group of experts. The method has also been applied to a region with areas of high cattle density with intensive production systems, composed of 4983 farms from the following species: cattle, horses, pigs, poultry, rabbits, sheep and goats. The region studied is the Valencian Community (VC) in the east of Spain.

Циљ ове докторске дисертације је развој модела за праћење квалитета површинских вода који ће омогућити ефективну и ефикасну процену квалитета површинских вода. Предмет истраживања је слив реке Тисе у Србији. О значају реке Тисе говори чињеница да је то највећа притока реке Дунав, „најинтернационалнијег“ речног слива у свету. Ово истраживање обухвата период од 2011. до 2016. године, а за анализу су коришћени јавно доступни подаци Агенције за заштиту животне средине Републике Србије са 11 мерних станица, а који су доступни у форми извештаја Резултати испитивања квалитета површинских и подземних вода. Посебна пажња у овој дисертацији, имајући у виду значај одрживог коришћења водних ресурса, посвећена је интегралном управљању водним ресурсима. Применом методe SWQI је установљено да се квалитет воде реке Тисе (на њеном току кроз Србију) значајно смањује током топлог периода, али и даље остаје у опсегу пожељних вредности које су, према SWQI описном индикатору квалитета, утврђене као добре (72-83) и врло добре (84-89). Анализом груписања (кластер анализом) издвојена су два кластера. Кластер 1 одговара ниско загађеним водним телима и њему припадају и све мерне станице на самом току Тисе, док локације Кластера 2 карактерише висок ниво загађености воде. Резултати до којих се дошло применом техника PCA/FA показали су да до варијација у квалитету воде долази углавном под утицајем растворених соли (из природних извора) и органских супстанци и нутријената из различитих антропогених извора (пољопривредне производње, прехрамбене индустрије, испуштања отпадних вода и сл.). Најзад, резултати који су добијени применом методе PROMETHEE су у сагласности са резултатима добијеним коришћењем других техника., The аim of this doctoral dissertation is develop of the model for monitoring the quality of surface waters which will enable an effective and efficient assessment of the quality of surface waters. The subject of the research is the Tisa River Basin in Serbia. The significance of the Tisa River is the fact that it is the largest tributary of the Danube River, the "most international" river basin in the world. This research covers the period from 2011 to 2016, and for the analysis, publicly available data of the Environmental Protection Agency of the Republic of Serbia with 11 measuring stations were used, and which are available in the form of the report Results of the Quality of Surface and Undeground Water. Bearing in mind the importance of sustainable use of water resources, special attention in this doctoral dissertation is dedicated to integrated water resources management. By applying the SWQI method, it was shown that the quality of water along the Tisa River (on its course through Serbia) significantly decreased during the warm period, but still remains in the range of desirable values that, according to the SWQI descriptive quality indicator, was "good" (72-83) and "very good" (84-89). Cluster analysis separated two clusters. Cluster 1 corresponds to low polluted water bodies and belongs to it and all measured stations at the flow of the Tisza, while cluster 2 sites feature a high level of water pollution. Results from PCA/FA techniques have shown that variations in water quality are mainly influenced by dissolved salts (from natural sources) and organic substances and nutrients from various anthropogenic sources (agricultural production, food industry, wastewater discharges, etc.). Finally, the results obtained with the PROMETHEE method are in agreement with the results obtained using other techniques.

[EN] The main objective of this work is to study the sustainable needs of Spain from the selection of criteria in the recruitment of public works, this work finally focuses the analysis in Spain to identify its sustainable needs from its performance compared with other countries of the European Union under different social and environmental criteria pre-established, comparison that was made using the Multicriteria Promethee decision-making tool., [CA] Pel fet que l'objectiu principal d'aquest treball és el d'estudiar les necessitats sostenibles d'Espanya a partir de la selecció de criteris en la contractació d'obra pública, aquest treball finalment enfoca l'anàlisi a Espanya per a identificar les seues necessitats sostenibles a partir del seu acompliment en comparació amb altres països baix diferents criteris socials i ambientals pre-establits, comparativa que va ser realitzada utilitzant la ferramenta de presa de decisions multicriterio Promethee., [ES] El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el de estudiar las necesidades sostenibles de España a partir de la selección de criterios en la contratación de obra pública, este trabajo finalmente enfoca el análisis en España para identificar sus necesidades sostenibles a partir de su desempeño en comparación con otros países de la Unión Europea bajo diferentes criterios sociales y ambientales pre-establecidos, cuya comparativa se realizó utilizando la herramienta de toma de decisiones multicriterio Promethee.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multiple criteria decision aid (MCDA) are two well-known approaches to rank so-called decision-making units (DMUs) or alternatives. In this contribution, a two-step model is presented to completely rank units according to multiple inputs and outputs. In the first step, DEA is applied between each pair of DMUs independently to generate a pairwise comparison matrix. In the second step, the obtained matrix is exploited by means of Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) to completely rank units. We show the compatibility between the resulting ranking of DEA and DEA-PROMETHEE methods while there exist just one input and one output. We also discuss the monotonicity property of the method. We compare DEA-PROMETHEE with an integrated DEA-AHP approach on a numerical example., SCOPUS: ar.j, DecretOANoAutActif, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A few methodological contributions to the PROMETHEE method, essentially based on 3 articles:-FlowSort parameters elicitation based on categorization examples;-PROMETHEE is Not Quadratic: An O (qnlog (n)) Algorithm;-Lexicographic constrained multicriteria ordered clustering., Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Professional management of financial activities requires a good understanding of the inherent future risks of those activities. Despite the use of complex models for this purpose, significant risks often remain under-appreciated. This article develops techniques that will assist banking institutions at understanding the risks involved in micro-finance and related operations. The analysis is carried out by identifying financial operations that are typical of banking on a smaller scale, such as investing and extending credit, and the types of risk inherent in these activities, which are then grouped into the categories of operational risk, financial risk, management risk, and external risk. Analysis is conducted using the PROMETHEE multi-criteria decision methodology. Based on our new approach to risk analysis, many institutions will improve the management of their financial operations, including micro-finance., La gestión profesional de las actividades financieras requiere una buena comprensión de los riesgos futuros inherentes a esas actividades. A pesar del uso de modelos complejos para este propósito, hay riesgos significativos que a menudo siguen siendo poco apreciados. Este artículo desarrolla técnicas que ayudarán a las instituciones bancarias a comprender los riesgos que conlleva la microfinanciación y las operaciones relacionadas. El análisis se lleva a cabo identificando las operaciones financieras típicas de la banca al por menor, como la inversión y la extensión del crédito, y los tipos de riesgo inherentes a estas actividades, que se agrupan en las categorías de riesgo operativo, riesgo financiero, riesgo de gestión y riesgo externo. El análisis se lleva a cabo utilizando la metodología multicriterio PROMETHEE. Conforme a nuestro nuevo enfoque del análisis de riesgos, muchas instituciones mejorarán la administración de sus operaciones financieras, incluidas las microfinanzas.

The purpose of this paper is to present a decision making model as a support for selection of innovation management concept using multiple criteria decision-making methods. Defined innovation management concepts are evaluated using set of criteria, which priorities are expertly evaluated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and then the PROMETHEE method is used for evaluating and selecting variants. Based on the specific nature of innovation management concepts a novel decision making model was conceived. The model was imported to the Visual PROMETHEE software tool. The model was applied on a medium sized manufacturing company. The innovation concepts were evaluated and ranked. For this company the concept of value analysis was selected as the best. This study is limited for decision-making processes in medium and large sized companies. The results of AHP are based on expert but subjective assessment and therefore relevant for this particular company at that particular time. In addition, it is shown that this approach can help managers to solve similar decision-making problems using combination of AHP and software Visual PROMETHEE. The logic and process of the decision making model elaboration as much as the decision model itself can be used as a framework for managers facing decision making problems with similar nature as innovation management concepts i.e.: ERP systems, information systems, technologies, business models.

Aplicación real de dos técnicas multicriterio, AHP y PROMETHEE, en la gestión de la cadena de valor de una empresa, en particular para segmentar proveedores y establecer las relaciones más adecuadas con cada uno de ellos. AHP se utiliza para obtener la jerarquía y los pesos de los criterios de manera colaborativa y PROMETHEE para clasificar productos y proveedores utilizando datos de una empresa real.

The traditional unidimensional approach used in road safety research to assess road safety performance is based on achievements in outcomes, such as number of traffic accidents, fatalities and injuries. However, taking into account the complex nature of the road safety framework, a multidimensional approach may be advisable in which all agents involved in the decision making process are properly represented. This article provides two multidimensional safety indicators that combine a set of criteria related to economics, demographics and sustainable urban transportation to assess urban road safety performance in 50 Spanish provinces (NUTS-3 regions). Multicriteria Decision Making Analysis (MDMA) is used to determine the set of factors that should be prioritized to minimize urban traffic accidents and fatalities. Using an objective weighting method for the chosen criteria, the obtained results point to aspects associated with the degree of urban development being the most important factors in discriminating and ranking the alternatives (provinces). Consequently, elements such as higher urban population and services concentration, and more advanced both transport systems and roads network, are related to safer urban areas. The two proposed safety indexes can provide policymakers with a useful tool for decision making in the area of urban road safety by identifying key attributes that should be promoted in urban planning

Multi-criteria decision analysis has been used to solve many problems. Here we describe an adaptation of PROMETHEE for measuring productivity. The results of PROMETHEE productivity analysis are displayed graphically, permitting the user to distinguish easily between four types of action: efficient, effective, frugal and inefficient actions. The productivity graph can be used for visual management and provides a simple, effective means of improving information communication within an organisation. It enhances transparency and promotes continuous improvement. Steps can be taken to improve ineffective actions using peer(s) on the frontier as example. To illustrate the use of the method we analysed the productivity of British universities. Only two old and two of the most recent universities were found to be on the frontier. Almost all of the most recent universities were classed as frugal and post-92 universities tended to be inefficient. Large old universities were generally classed as effective., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Online ratings provide valuable information to operators. However, the use of this information for revenue maximization purposes remains at a moot point. This article proposes a new method to decompose ratings based on their relevance to hotel performance. From a methodological standpoint, we propose a multi-criteria decision analysis approach. The empirical validation includes two independent data sources, online ratings from Booking.com and RevPAR data from STR.

Conventional PROMETHEE methods have been designed to help decision makers to manage multicriteria problems without considering temporal evaluations. The aim of this paper is to introduce a temporal extension of PROMETHEE II. A new approach to set dynamic thresholds is introduced. The weighted arithmetic mean is used to aggregate net flow scores over time. In addition, an interactive query method is developed in order to determine decision maker's instances importance. Simulation results are used to show the effectiveness of this approach in terms of convergence and speed. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the model., SCOPUS: cp.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

It is generally believed that the preference ranking method PROMETHEE has a quadratic time complexity. In this paper, however, we present an exact algorithm that computes PROMETHEE's net flow scores in time O(qnlog(n)), where q represents the number of criteria and n the number of alternatives. The method is based on first sorting the alternatives after which the unicriterion flow scores of all alternatives can be computed in one scan over the sorted list of alternatives while maintaining a sliding window. This method works with the linear and level criterion preference functions. The algorithm we present is exact and, due to the sub-quadratic time complexity, vastly extends the applicability of the PROMETHEE method. Experiments show that with the new algorithm, PROMETHEE can scale up to millions of tuples., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

[EN] Suppliers play a key role in supply chain management which involves evaluation for supplier selection problem, as well as other complex issues that companies should take into account. The purpose of this research is to develop and test an integrated system, which allows qualifying providers and also supplier segmentation by monitoring their performance based on a multiple criteria tool for systematic decision making. This proposal consists in a general procedure to assess suppliers based mainly on exploiting all reliable databases of the company. Firstly, for each group of products, their evaluation criteria are defined collaboratively in order to determine their critical and strategic performance, which are then integrated with other criteria that are specific of the suppliers and represent relevant aspects for the company, also classified by critical and strategic dimensions. Two multiple criteria methods, compensatory and non-compensatory, are used and compared so as to point out their strengths, weaknesses and flexibility for the supplier evaluation in different contexts, which are usually relevant in the supply chain management. A value function approach is the appropriate method to qualify providers to be included in the panel of approved suppliers of the company as this process depends only on own features of the supplier. On the other hand, outranking methods such as PROMETHEE have shown greater potential and robustness to develop portfolios with suppliers that should be partners of the company, as well as to identify other types of relationships, such as long term contracts, market policies or to highlight those to be removed from their portfolio. These results and conclusions are based on an empirical research in a multinational company for food, pharmaceuticals and chemicals. This system has shown a great impact as it represents the first supplier segmentation proposal applied to industry, in which decision making not only takes into account opinions

Sustainable development as a concept that aims to enhance the quality of life without affecting environment has been in focus in European policies since the last decade of 20th century. The objectives of EU Sustainable Development Strategy (EU SDS) are grouped into ten thematic areas, where almost each theme has at least one headline and several operational sustainable development indicators (SDIs). A large number of SDIs is needed to evaluate all EU SDS goals, which imposes the use of multivariate data mining techniques. This paper presents an empirical study carried out to assess the sustainability performance of European countries using the differential multi criteria analysis (DMCA) technique. The PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization MeTHod for Enrichment Evaluations) was applied on 38 headline and operational SDIs defined under the EU SDS. This DMCA was applied to 30 European countries over a 10-year period (2004-2014) with the aim to determine the theme specific, as well as, overall sustainability progress. The DMCA reveals that the majority of European countries have made progress in sustainability in the studied period, where Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary and Sweden, have enhanced their sustainability performance concerning all themes. There are only two countries, namely Greece and Ireland, which have not made overall progress in this period. Also, above the average progress has been made concerning social inclusion, sustainable transport, and climate change and energy, while in all other themes additional efforts should be made in order to ensure sustainable performance progress in future years. Although the progress in reducing uneven development between EU members has been made, after 2009 a positive trend can be observed only in a limited number of SDS themes.

Highlights - Assessment of potential bioavailable metals in estuary sediment - Receptor model was employed for source apportionment. - PROMETHEE was used to rank the sites based on contamination levels. - Enrichment factor based-indices are preferred for complete sediment assessment. Abstract A weak acid extraction was used to mobilize the loosely bound metals in estuary sediment samples. More than 30% of Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn Ni, Pb and Zn were leached from the sediment showing that these metals are significantly present in the bioavailable form. PCA/APCS identified three sources of the metals, namely: lithogenic accounting for 72%, shipping related contributing 15% and traffic related representing 13% of the total load. Application of pollution index (PI) and modified pollution index (MPI) revealed that the sediment range from unpolluted to heavily polluted while ecological risk index (RI) classifies the sediment as posing low ecological risk modified ecological risk index (MRI) suggests considerable to very high ecological risk. To provide holistic insights into the ecological risks posed by metals, enrichment factor, MPI and MRI are recommended for the assessment of sediment in complex environments such as estuaries.

En la siguiente investigación se hace un estudio comparativo de distintas técnicas de toma de decisiones multicriterio para la jerarquización de tecnologías de energías renovables, a utilizar en la producción de electricidad. Se analizan tres diferentes métodos, AHP de la escuela americana, PROMETHEE de la escuela europea, y TOPSIS. Las tecnologías consideradas fueron: Térmica solar, Térmica fotovoltaica, Geotérmica, Biomasa, Eólica, e Hidráulica; mientras que los criterios de decisión utilizados fueron: eficiencia en porcentaje, costo de instalación en dólares por kilovatio, costo de la electricidad en centavos de dólar por kilovatio-hora, emisiones de CO2 en kilogramos por kilovatio-hora, vida útil en años, y área utilizada en kilómetros cuadrados por kilovatio. La metodología propuesta se aplica a un caso de estudio ya tratado en anteriores investigaciones por diversos autores., This paper presents a comparative study of different techniques of multicriteria decision making for ranking renewable energy technologies to be used in the production of electricity. Three different methods, AHP American School, PROMETHEE European School, and TOPSIS are analyzed. The technologies considered were: Solar Thermal, Solar Photovoltaic, Geothermal, Biomass, Wind, and Hydraulics; while the decision criteria used were: efficiency in percentage, installation cost in dollars per kilowatt, electricity cost in cents per kilowatt hour, CO2 emissions in kilograms per kilowatt-hour, life in years, and used area in square kilometers per kilowatt. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study already discussed in previous research by various authors.

This paper presents a comparative study of different techniques of multicriteria decision making for ranking renewable energy technologies to be used in the production of electricity. Three different methods, AHP American School, PROMETHEE European School, and TOPSIS are analyzed. The technologies considered were: Solar Thermal, Solar Photovoltaic, Geothermal, Biomass, Wind, and Hydraulics; while the decision criteria used were: efficiency in percentage, installation cost in dollars per kilowatt, electricity cost in cents per kilowatt hour, CO2 emissions in kilograms per kilowatt-hour, life in years, and used area in square kilometers per kilowatt. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study already discussed in previous research by various authors., En la siguiente investigación se hace un estudio comparativo de distintas técnicas de toma de decisiones multicriterio para la jerarquización de tecnologías de energías renovables, a utilizar en la producción de electricidad. Se analizan tres diferentes métodos, AHP de la escuela americana, PROMETHEE de la escuela europea, y TOPSIS. Las tecnologías consideradas fueron: Térmica solar, Térmica fotovoltaica, Geotérmica, Biomasa, Eólica, e Hidráulica; mientras que los criterios de decisión utilizados fueron: eficiencia en porcentaje, costo de instalación en dólares por kilovatio, costo de la electricidad en centavos de dólar por kilovatio-hora, emisiones de CO2 en kilogramos por kilovatio-hora, vida útil en años, y área utilizada en kilómetros cuadrados por kilovatio. La metodología propuesta se aplica a un caso de estudio ya tratado en anteriores investigaciones por diversos autores.

The aim of this study is to evaluate mutual dependences and significance of the input factors of a heating system for a family house. The input factors which are being most commonly considered are operating costs, acquisition prices on financial return rate, life span of these systems or requirements for maintenance and control. This research is focused on the analysis of three different heating systems in the common detached house, electric heating foils, heat pump and gas boiler. The building itself is evaluated in three variants, with and without a ventilation unit and with adjusted structure composition. To analyse the parameters mentioned above the Promethee method (multicriterial analysis) has been used.

Razvojem i testiranjem autentičnog modela dokazano je da se primenom multikriterijumske analize uz primenu PROMETHEE metode može kreirati funkcionalan, operativan i primenljiv alat za dizajniranje energetskih politika orijentisanih ka podršci razvoja obnovljivih izvora energije. Model je testiran na energetskom profilu Grada Novog Sada. Pretpostavljeno je da lokalne vlasti Grada Novog Sada imaju nameru da dizajniraju razvojnu politiku/meru sa ciljem da podstaknu korišćenje obnovljivih izvora energije za grejanje stambenih objekata (porodičnih kuća) i pripremu tople sanitarne vode., Development and testing of an authentic model has proven that the application of multi-criteria analysis by applying the PROMETHEE method can create a functional, operational and applicable tool for designing energy policy oriented towards supporting the development of renewable energy sources. It is assumed that local authorities in Novi Sad have the intetion to design development policies / actions in order to promote the use of renewable source for heating residental buldings (family houses) and hot water.

Pravilan izbor dobavljaĉa danas ima izuzetan znaĉaj za poslovanje i za sveukupni uspeh kompanije. Sa sve većim i intenzivnijim razvojem informacionih tehnologija, tj. uvoĊenjem popularnih programa, dolazi do konstantnog poboljšanja u domenu inţenjeringa, logistike i upravljanja proizvodnjom, što zahteva bolje i ĉvršće veze sa dobavljaĉima. Kao rezultat svega toga dolazi do smanjenja potrebnog vremena za nabavku (dobara, usluga ili radova), tj. izvesnijih isporuka taĉno na vreme i povećanja kvaliteta (dobara, usluga ili radova) u lancima snabdevanja proizvodnih sistema. U sluĉaju da je kompanija smanjila broj dobavljaĉa u svojoj bazi dobavljaĉa, a sa manjim brojem dobavljaĉa ispunjava dugoroĉnije ugovore, dolazi do smanjenje ţelje za promenom postojećih dobavljaĉa. Ovo je dodatni imperativ zašto je izbor pouzdanih dobavljaĉa izuzetno vaţna aktivnost u proizvodnim sistemima. Danas, eminentni dobavljaĉi ukljuĉuju mnogobrojne resurse kako bi ocenili performanse dobavljaĉa i njihove sposobnosti u razliĉitim sferama. Sam proces izbora dobavljaĉa je postao toliko znaĉajan da ekspertski timovi bivaju angaţovani za izvršenje ovih zadataka (ocenjivanje i rangiranje dobavljaĉa). Dakle, racionalna odluka o izboru dobavljaĉa moţe umanjiti ili ukloniti mnoge probleme u poslovanju kompanija. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije jeste da ukaţe i objasni mogućnosti unapreĊenja donošenja odluke o izboru poverljivog (pouzdanog) dobavljaĉa u proizvodnim sistemima. Izbor se vrši na osnovu unapred odreĊenih kriterijuma koje obiĉno definiše naruĉilac. Kada kod izbora pouzdanog dobavljaĉa postoji manji broj dobavljaĉa, izbor je jednostavan, jer su utvrĊeni kvantitativni kriterijumi koji se mogu meĊusobno uporeĊivati, ali u situacijama u kojima se nalazi veliki broj dobavljaĉa, kako danas, realan ţivot i praksa nameću, izbor najpoverljivijeg dobavljaĉa vrši se na osnovu kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih kriterijuma i metoda. U disertaciji je predstavljen sistem za podršku odluĉivanju zasnovan na kon, Right choice of supplier have a huge impact on companys business results. Along with present trend in constant increase and growth in IT sector it lead to increase in quality in area of engeneering, logistics and handling production, along with that it demands better and more tight connections with the suppliers. Result is seen as a less time needed to get the supplies of any kind, right on time delivering and higher quality in chains of suppliers. In case that company reduced number of suppliers in its own base of suppliers, but they sign long term contracts with them, it leads to lower chance of changing suppliers. This is additional must have because having a high quality suppliers is very important. Important companies today include a lot of different resources to rate performances of supliers and their skills in different areas. Process of picking right suppliers became so important that companies hire experets to do this task. So, a right decision in picking the supplier can solve a lot of problems in buissnis. Goal of this PhD is to show and explain possibilities of improving decisions in picking a adequate supplier in companies. Choice is made by criteriums that are chosen in advance by company. When choice of supplier is narrowed down to a small number of suppliers then choice is very simple to make but in situations when there is a lot of different suppliers picking the right one cane be very difficult and choice is made based on quality and quantity criteria and methods. In PhD is shown a support system for decision based on multi criteria concept and theory of faze numbers. Based on already defined integral AHP – PROMETHEE/GAIA – AHP –TOPSIS models the fuzzy setting, as they set the fuzzy model with MAX-MIN composition for priorities of reliable suppliers – but based on their performance and work, after using all this methods it came to conclusion that supplier D4 is best ranked supplier.

Tesis por compendio, [EN] The main objectives of this research are the following. First, to analyse the models and methods in Decision Support Systems (DSS) for forest management, taking into account the important features which allow forestry related problems to be categorized. Second, to define strategic criteria for the sustainable management of Mediterranean forests, as well as to elicit and aggregate the stakeholders' preferences. Third, to propose a robust methodology to implement collaborative management focused on ESS and to develop indicators for the main functions of ESS. The methodology is based on a workshop and surveys to elicit the decision makers', experts' and other stakeholders' preferences. Several techniques were then used to aggregate individual judgements and determine social preferences, in particular, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Goal Programming (GP). In addition, a PROMETHEE based method has been developed to provide indicators of the ESS, classified into provisioning, maintenance and direct to citizens services. The analysis of DSS for forest management has shown that the best choice of approach to solve a given problem depend on its nature, which can be characterized by the temporal scale, spatial context, spatial scale, number of decision makers or stakeholders, objectives and finally goods and services involved. A decision hierarchy for strategic management of Valencian forests has been developed by involving experts during the design phase. This was later validated in consultation with the stakeholders in a workshop and provides the base from which to obtain the social preferences. The results show greater importance for environmental and social criteria and lesser relevance for economic criteria, valid for both public and private Mediterranean forests. This result is the same regardless of which preference aggregation technique was used and takes into account the preferences of the majority of the stakeholders and also the minority opinions furthes, [ES] Los principales objetivos de esta investigación son los siguientes. En primer lugar, analizar los modelos y los métodos de los sistemas de ayuda a la toma de decisiones para gestión forestal, teniendo en cuenta las características relevantes que permiten clasificar los problemas forestales. En segundo lugar, definir los criterios estratégicos para la gestión forestal sostenible del bosque mediterráneo, así como obtener y agregar las preferencias de los decisores y otras partes interesadas. En tercer lugar, proponer una metodología robusta para implementar una gestión colaborativa centrada en los servicios del ecosistema y desarrollar indicadores para las principales funciones de estos servicios. La metodología se fundamenta en una jornada de trabajo con decisores, expertos y otros grupos de personas interesadas, así como en encuestas a todos ellos. Después se han utilizado varias técnicas para agregar las preferencias individuales y determinar las preferencias de los distintos grupos sociales, en particular el proceso analítico jerárquico y la programación por metas. Adicionalmente, se ha desarrollado un método basado en PROMETHEE que permite obtener indicadores de los servicios del ecosistema, clasificados en servicios de producción, mantenimiento y directos a los ciudadanos. El análisis de los sistemas de ayuda a la toma de decisiones para gestión forestal ha puesto de manifiesto que los mejores enfoques para resolver los problemas forestales dependen de su naturaleza, caracterizada por la escala temporal, el contexto espacial, la escala espacial, el número de decisores o personas interesadas, el número de objetivos y por último los bienes y servicios involucrados. Se ha desarrollado una jerarquía de decisión para la gestión estratégica de los bosques valencianos involucrando a expertos en la fase de diseño. Este modelo fue validado posteriormente por las partes interesadas en una jornada organizada con esta finalidad y ha sido la base para obtener las prefer, [CA] Els principals objectius d'aquesta recerca són els següents. En primer lloc, analitzar els models i els mètodes dels sistemes d'ajuda a la presa de decisions per a gestió forestal, tenint en compte les característiques rellevants que permeten classificar els problemes forestals. En segon lloc, definir els criteris estratègics per a la gestió forestal sostenible del bosc mediterrani, com també obtenir i agregar les preferències dels decisors i altres parts interessades. En tercer lloc, proposar una metodologia robusta per a implementar una gestió col·laborativa centrada en els serveis de l'ecosistema i desenvolupar indicadors per a les principals funcions d'aquests serveis. La metodologia es fonamenta en una jornada de treball amb decisors, experts i altres grups de persones interessades, i també en enquestes a tots ells. Després s'han utilitzat diverses tècniques per a afegir-hi les preferències individuals i determinar les preferències dels diferents grups socials, en particular el procés analític jeràrquic i la programació per metes. Addicionalment, s'ha desenvolupat un mètode basat en PROMETHEE que permet obtenir indicadors dels serveis de l'ecosistema, classificats en serveis de producció, manteniment i directes als ciutadans. L'anàlisi dels sistemes d'ajuda a la presa de decisions per a la gestió forestal ha posat de manifest que els millors enfocaments per a resoldre els problemes forestals depenen de la naturalesa d'aquests problemes, caracteritzada per l'escala temporal, el context espacial, l'escala espacial, el nombre de decisors o persones interessades, el nombre d'objectius i, finalment, els béns i serveis involucrats. S'ha desenvolupat una jerarquia de decisió per a la gestió estratègica dels boscos valencians involucrant experts en la fase de disseny. Aquest model ha sigut validat posteriorment per les parts interessades en una jornada organitzada amb aquesta finalitat i ha sigut la base per a obtenir les preferències socials. Els resultats posen

Recently there have been increasing trends to use renewable energy sources, especially solar photovoltaic energy for electric energy production for the operation of urban water supply systems. The reason are not only economic requirements, but environmental and social criteria should also be taken into account. Using the example of a local football club "Obreš", located in Sveti Ilija in Croatia, this paper shows the application of the Critical Period Method for the design of hydraulically and energetically sustainable irrigation system. Two variants have been analyzed, Variant I and Variant II, which include solar photovoltaic generator and inverter, pumping station, water reservoir and pipeline. The water needed for irrigation is provided by combining the use of groundwater and rainwater. The difference between the analyzed variants is that Variant I is based on the water tower, while Variant II is based on the use of solar batteries. The selection of the optimal variant is shown by the application of multi-criteria methods Promethee and GAIA.

Guaranteeing a safe and continuous drinking water supply for the city of Cali, Colombia, has become a concern for the water company of Cali, the environmental authorities, universities, and entities involved in the water resource. The progressive deterioration of the city’s water sources has led to a search for future water sources and/or technologies in order to ensure high water quality standards at minimal costs. This paper describes a variety of problems occurring in the current water supply system in Cali and gives a description of the alternatives that have been considered to solve these problems in the past decades. Multi-criteria analysis was applied to assess alternatives for safe drinking supplies, demonstrating their suitability during the decision-making process when constraints arise due to political, community and institutional interests., Sanitary Engineering