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Although it is widely accepted that security in software should never be an afterthought, in many cases, it is. Particularly in the context of legacy codebases, security considerations often take a backseat, pushed back by the pressing demands of functionality, maintenance, and tight development timelines. The very important topic of security is often sidelined or bolted on during the later stages of development, leading to vulnerabilities that could have been avoided with a more proactive approach. Addressing this challenge requires a focus on redesigning legacy code with security as a central concern. This thesis explores the impact of Secure by Design principles, specifically domain primitives, on enhancing software security through a study involving the OWASP(Open Web Application Security Project) Juice Shop, an intentionally insecure web application. The application undergoes a partial redesign where domain primitives are implemented into the legacy code, after which the inbuilt challenge system is used to evaluate the two versions. The redesign of the application employs the Secure by Design principles as detailed by Deogun et al.(2019), aiming to showcase the practical benefits and effectiveness of adopting proactive secure design strategies. The experiment yielded good results that showed the potential of implementing domain primitives into legacy code. However it is clear that it must be accompanied by other security measures to achieve an application that is truly secure by design.

AIM: Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been tested in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) over the last two decades, no study to date has benchmarked efficacy and toxicity of these drugs in this patient population. METHODS: All phase II and phase III studies of anti-VEGF RTKIs in patients with NETs, published between January 1, 2000 andJuly 31, 2021, across major trial databases, were searched in August 2021 for relevant studies. The primary objectives of the meta-analysis were to compare objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) between patients with pancreatic NETs (pNETs) and extra-pancreatic NETs (epNETs), and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of adverse events between patients receiving anti-VEGF RTKIs and control. RESULTS: 1611 patients were available for the meta-analysis; 1194 received anti-VEGF RTKIs. ORR in pNETs was 18% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13-25%), while ORR in epNETs was 8% (95% CI 5-12%); test for differences between pNETs and epNETs (x12 = 8.38, p < .01). Median PFS in pNETs was 13.9 months (95% CI 11.43-16.38 months), while median PFS in epNETs was 12.71 months (95% CI 9.37-16.05 months); test for differences between pNETs and epNETs (x12 = .35, p = .55). With regards to common grade 3/4 adverse events , patients who received anti-VEGF RTKIs were more likely to experience hypertension (IRR 3.04, 95% CI 1.63-5.65) and proteinuria (IRR 5.79, 95% CI 1.09-30.74) in comparison to those who received control. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-VEGF RTKIs demonstrate anti-tumour effect in both pNETs and epNETs, supporting their development in both populations. These agents also appear to be safe in patients with NETs.

This is a didactic proposal on how to introduce the Newton integral in just three or four sessions in elementary courses. Our motivation for this paper were Talvila’s work on the continuous primitive integral and Koliha’s general approach to the Newton integral. We introduce it independently of any other integration theory, so some basic results require somewhat nonstandard proofs. As an instance, showing that continuous functions on compact intervals are Newton integrable (or, equivalently, that they have primitives) cannot lean on indefinite Riemann integrals. Remarkably, there is a very old proof (without integrals) of a more general result, and it is precisely that of Peano’s existence theorem for continuous nonlinear ODEs, published in 1886. Some elements in Peano’s original proof lack rigor, and that is why his proof has been criticized and revised several times. However, modern proofs are based on integration and do not use Peano’s original ideas. In this note we provide an updated correct version of Peano’s original proof, which obviously contains the proof that continuous functions have primitives, and it is also worthy of remark because it does not use the Ascoli-Arzelà theorem, uniform continuity, or any integration theory

PurposeEwing sarcoma (ES) is a primitive sarcoma defined by EWSR1-ETS fusions as the primary driver alteration. To better define the landscape of cooperating secondary genetic alterations in ES, we analyzed clinical genomic profiling data of 113 patients with ES, a cohort including more adult patients (> 18 years) and more patients with advanced stage at presentation than previous genomic cohorts.MethodsThe data set consisted of patients with ES prospectively tested with the US Food and Drug Administration-cleared Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets large panel, hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing assay. To assess the functional significance of ERF loss, we generated ES cell lines with increased expression of ERF and lines with knockdown of ERF. We assessed cell viability, clonogenic growth, and motility in these ES lines and performed transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses. Finally, we validated our findings in vivo using cell line xenografts.ResultsNovel subsets were defined by recurrent secondary alterations in ERF, which encodes an ETS domain transcriptional repressor, in 7% of patients (five truncating mutations, one deep deletion, and two missense mutations) and in FGFR1 in another 2.7% (one amplification and two known activating mutations). ERF alterations were nonoverlapping with STAG2 alterations. In vitro, increased expression of ERF decreased tumor cell growth, colony formation, and motility in two ES cell lines, whereas ERF loss induced cellular proliferation and clonogenic growth. Transcriptomic analysis of cell lines with ERF loss revealed an increased expression of genes and pathways associated with aggressive tumor biology, and epigenetic, chromatin-based studies revealed that ERF competes with EWSR1-FLI1 at ETS-binding sites.ConclusionOur findings open avenues to new insights into ES pathobiology and to novel therapeutic approaches in a subset of patients with ES.

This was a two-stage phase II trial of a mTORC1/2 inhibitor (mTORC: mammalian target of rapamycin complex) Sapanisertib (TAK228) in patients with rapalog-resistant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) (NCT02893930). Approved rapalogs such as everolimus inhibit mTORC1 and have limited clinical activity, possibly due to compensatory feedback loops. Sapanisertib addresses the potential for incomplete inhibition of the mTOR pathway through targeting of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, and thus to reverse resistance to earlier rapamycin analogues. In stage 1, patients received sapanisertib 3 mg by mouth once daily on a continuous dosing schedule in 28-day cycle. This trial adopted a two-stage design with the primary objective of evaluating objective tumor response. The first stage would recruit 13 patients in order to accrue 12 eligible and treated patients. If among the 12 eligible patients at least 1 patient had an objective response to therapy, the study would move to the second stage of accrual where 25 eligible and treated patients would be enrolled. This study activated on February 1, 2017, the required pre-determined number of patients (n = 13) had entered by November 5, 2018 for the first stage response evaluation. The accrual of this trial was formally terminated on December 27, 2019 as no response had been observed after the first stage accrual. Treatment-related grade 3 adverse events were reported in eight (61%) patients with hyperglycemia being the most frequent, in three patients (23%). Other toxicities noted in the trial included fatigue, rash diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. The median PFS was 5.19 months (95% CI [3.84, 9.30]) and the median OS was 20.44 months (95% CI [5.65, 22.54]). Due to the lack of responses in Stage 1 of the study, the study did not proceed to stage 2. Thus the potential to reverse resistance was not evident.

This article provides information on the ways of developing creative activity in preschool education with the help of visual activity and improving the technology of preparation for visual-creative activity.

All periods of human development - from the primitive community system to the present have attracted the attention of gender historians. Thus, the revision of historical knowledge began in the 1970s intending to introduce women into history and eradicate androcentrism in history. Gender research as a part of new interdisciplinary disciplines in the history of gender was formed in the West in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In the 1960s, the rapidly evolving women's movement was chosen by many young historians in Western Europe and the United States as the subject of research, and their study of the past and analysis of the present, as well as the history of both sexes.

The house in which Klas Anshelm lived and worked all his life was apparently one among others of the houses on the east side of Kävlingevägen Avenue. It occupied a narrow, elongated plot of land that stretched out into the dense vegetation of the Lund cemetery. Anshelm had bought the house in 1955. It was originally a small, old and poorly preserved object, somehow disconnected from the surrounding landscape. In the following years until the mid-1960s the house grew, lush and natural, like a tree. It was transformed and extended into the garden, even beyond the boundaries of its plot, towards the neighbouring houses. The garden also extended towards the house, composing a landscape built by architecture and nature at the same time. The documentation found in his personal archive allows us to recall this process by which his architecture, geometric, direct and precise, deeply reconnected that place with the urban and cultural landscape, with tradition, and with the nearby nature from which it took over time its same wild, simple and primitive appearance. In the meantime, the city grew. The traffic on the avenue increased considerably. In 1965 the City Council decided to widen the road. The widening of the avenue exposed that continuous landscape and, somehow, it vanished. And Anshelm began to look for another place to live., La casa en la que Klas Anshelm vivió y trabajó durante toda su vida era en apariencia una más entre las situadas al lado este de la avenida Kävlingevägen. Ocupaba una parcela estrecha y alargada, que se extendía hasta perderse en la densa vegetación del cementerio de Lund. Anshelm había comprado aquella casa en 1955. Era en origen una pieza pequeña, y mal conservada, de alguna forma desconectada del paisaje alrededor. En los años siguientes hasta mediados de los años 60 la casa creció, de forma frondosa y natural, como un árbol. Se transformó y se extendió hacia el jardín, incluso más allá de los límites de su parcela, hacia las casas vecinas, También el jardín se extendió hacia ella, componiendo un paisaje construido a la vez por la arquitectura y la naturaleza. La documentación encontrada en su archivo personal nos permite analizar este proceso por el cual su arquitectura, geométrica, directa y precisa, conectó de nuevo profundamente aquel lugar con el entorno urbano y cultural, con la tradición, y con la naturaleza cercana de la que tomó con el tiempo su misma apariencia salvaje, sencilla y primitiva. Mientras, en esos años, la ciudad creció. El tráfico en la avenida aumentó considerablemente. En 1965 el Ayuntamiento decidió ensanchar la calzada. La ampliación de la avenida dejó al descubierto aquel paisaje continuo y, de alguna manera, se desvaneció. Y Anshelm comenzó a buscar otro lugar para vivir.

Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype presents with a wide histological spectrum. Some features are so distinctive that they are considered as separate histological variants or patterns for the purpose of classification. However, these usually lack defined (epi-)genetic alterations or profiles correlating with this histology. Here, we describe a molecular subtype with overlap to the unique histological pattern of glioblastoma with primitive neuronal component. Our cohort consists of 63 IDH-wildtype glioblastomas that harbor a characteristic DNA methylation profile. Median age at diagnosis was 59.5 years. Copy-number variations and genetic sequencing revealed frequent alterations in TP53, RB1 and PTEN, with fewer gains of chromosome 7 and homozygous CDKN2A/B deletions than usually described for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Gains of chromosome 1 were detected in more than half of the cases. A poorly differentiated phenotype with frequent absence of GFAP expression, high proliferation index and strong staining for p53 and TTF1 often caused misleading histological classification as carcinoma metastasis or primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Clinically, many patients presented with leptomeningeal dissemination and spinal metastasis. Outcome was poor with a median overall survival of only 12 months. Overall, we describe a new molecular subtype of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with a distinct histological appearance and genetic signature.

An Outstanding novelist of human predicament, Arun Joshi is ranked with the great masters of contemporary Indian fiction in English. He believes that reality lies within the consciousness of isolated individuals. As he is the great writer of psychological perception, he envisions the inner crisis of the modern man in his five novels. In particular, his second novel The Strange Case of Billy Biswas is the apple of his eye. It portrays the story of the protagonist who is dragged by the mysterious world of the tribal society. The protagonist, Billy’s strange quest leads him to leave his position as the sole inheritor of a wealthy family and lead to live a natural life. There is no comfort in his American life as well as in his marital life too. Further, the story visualises Billy’s quest for individualism and self-identity at the cost of leaving materialistic world. This paper focuses on the clashes between the civilised world and the primitive one as well as it looks at the root of the protagonist Billy’s quest for the self.

In today’s cities, global urbanisation has created a fragmented, unresponsive and socially divisive landscape. Intensifying agglomerations to urban centres across the globe due to the displacement and mass migrations of large populations has increased the pressure of organising a dense urban habitat. In its dominion over nature modern life was so caught up in establishing the narratives of individual life that it was naive to the complexity of everyday activity. The celebration of the Individual and the rationalisation of nature and society attempted to find order amongst the chaos of a city. The intensity of diversification in cities due to agglomerations to global centres highlights the changing face society and culture in dense formations and its immediacy. But when the practices of a past epoch continue to pervade themselves into the contemporary narrative, when the ethical practice of past time refuses discontinue for the continuity of a new ethical practice and the development of collective memory then we find ourselves in a cycle of self-contradiction. The condition it creates formulates something hybrid, repetitive, standardised and universally proliferated. There is an inherent issue with creating a dense urban ecology, especially in verticality, that is both equitable to its inhabitants and sustainable to its environment. Between establishing forms of density and the articulation of diversity in our cities there exists an inability to inform the everyday perspective, the continued withering away of political character in our public space and a lack of avenues to establish resilient forms of citizenship. Creating a future perspective for our city becomes increasingly unclear and clouded amongst the ubiquity and generic nature of universal design and the destruction of our urban heritage. When the ability for the urban to produce space for the possibility of specificity is reduced, whether through urban segregation, stratification or fragmentation, then the

Ressources éducatives libres, Open educational resources, Module Moodle portant sur les notions et les techniques de base du calcul intégral : primitives, intégrales définies, technique de changement de variables et technique d’intégration par parties. Le module inclut des tests diagnostiques, des capsules explicatives, des exercices, ainsi que des stratégies d’apprentissage.

If M is a smooth projective variety whose motive is Kimura finite-dimensional and for which the standard Lefschetz Conjecture B holds, then the motive of M splits off a primitive motive whose cohomology is the primitive cohomology. Under the same hypotheses on M, let X be a smooth complete intersection of ample divisors within M. Then the motive of X is the sum of a variable and a fixed motive inducing the corresponding splitting in cohomology. I also give variants with group actions.

The pedal of a curve in the Euclidean plane is a classical subject which has a singular point at the inflection point of the original curve. The primitive of a curve is a curve given by the inverse construction for making the pedal. We consider relatives of the primitive of a plane curve which we call primitivoids. We investigate the relationship of primitivoids and pedals of plane curves.

The pedal of a curve in the Euclidean plane is a classical subject which has a singular point at the inflection point of the original curve. The primitive of a curve is a curve given by the inverse construction for making the pedal. We consider relatives of the primitive of a plane curve which we call primitivoids. We investigate the relationship of primitivoids and pedals of plane curves.

Предмет истраживања докторске дисертације чини домен пројектовања набораних конструкција. Код оваквих конструктивних система је изражена међузависност форме и структуре због начина на који преноси оптерећење. Односно, утицај геометрије система у великој мери одређује ефикасност конструкције. Oбзиром да конструкција у исто време има носећу функцију и функцију форме у изгледу, сам рад је имао за циљ да сагледа како архитектонске, тако и прорачунске (статичко-динамичке карактеристике) захтеве које конструкција треба да испуни. Мултидисциплинаран приступ проблему је подразумевао израду рачунарских алгоритама за генерисање структуре, затим пројектовање примитива, интеграцију групно суперматричне процедуре у метод коначних елемената, дефинисање макро коначног елемента и прорачун еквиваленте матрице крутости равне плоче са којом се улази у статичко – динамичку анализу конструкције. Приказана је предност параметарског генерисања набора и дефинисање заменског, једноставног, макро коначног елемента погодног за прорачун ГСП процедуром. Имплементација процедуре потврђује иновацију и унапређење процеса архитектонско – инжењерског пројектовања сложених конструктивних система., The research subject of the doctoral dissertation is within domain of folded plate structures designing. Because of the load distribution way, this type of construction has very strong interdependence between form and structure. Respectively system geometry has significant impact on structure efficiency. Since structure has simultaneously form and bearing function, this paper has a goal to perceive and apply both, architectural and structural (static – dynamic analysis) demands that structure must fulfill. The multidisciplinary problem approach has considered development of software algorithm for generating of structure, then primitive designing, following with integration of the group supermatrices procedure in finite element method, determination of macro finite element and computing of equivalent stiffness matrices of flat plate which is the main input for static- dynamic structure analysis. The advantage of parametric folded plate generator and defining of simple equivalent macro finite element suitable for GPS analysis is presented. Procedure implementation confirms innovation and improvement of architectural – engineering designing of the complex structural systems.

[EN] With scores of novel theorems/examples we establish a hierarchy of 16 barrelled-type properties, consolidating decades of work by dozens of authors, defining/motivating/displaying optimal results. We prove our display answers all 4.29 billion interrelational questions at a glance. We solve the countable enlargement problems for separable weak barrelledness, uniformly relax certain Valdivia hypotheses to a characterization, and show that the existence of measurable cardinals depends on which of two hypotheses is optimal for Dierolf¿s dense subspace theorem.

This article shows a painting study of Colombian Indians that was carried out at the beginning of the 20th century by the bachue intellectual Luis Albereto Acuña –as an attempt to contribute to the construction of a universal culture with the participation of an American modern man, built upon a national Colombian citizenship consciousness– he enrolled in representations of racial Indian inferiority, in virtue of the primitive condition of their visual organ, which consequently would limit the perception of blue and green colors and it would obviously turn visible in the subsequent absence of words to show the difference between these two colors. The dialogue with the expert Isaias Roman on vital dimensions, of the existentialist and epistemic one unit concept for blue-green at Uitoto-Mɨnɨka language, this work is a clear sample of how people build individual and collective subjective representations, and how they are visualized into hegemonic discourse., El estudio sobre la pintura de los indios colombianos realizado, en la primera parte del siglo XX, por el artista e intelectual bachué Luis Alberto Acuña –en su empeño por aportar a la construcción de una cultura universal con participación de un hombre moderno americano, construido sobre parámetros de conciencia de una ciudadanía nacional colombiana–, se inscribió en representaciones de inferioridad racial indígena, en virtud de la condición primitiva de su órgano visual, que limitaría la percepción de los colores azul y verde y se expresaría en la subsecuente ausencia de palabras de diferenciación entre ellos. El diálogo con el sabedor Isaías Román, sobre las dimensiones vitales, existenciales y epistémicas de la unidad conceptual azul-verde en el idioma Uitoto-Mɨnɨka, nos invita a la reflexión sobre los modos en que construimos nuestros estilos de representación, como subjetividades individuales y colectivas, y sobre su posicionamiento, respecto a los discursos hegemónicos

In 2004, Hong and Szymański produced a complete description of the primitive-ideal space of the C∗-algebra of a directed graph. This article details a slightly different approach, in the simpler context of row-finite graphs with no sources, obtaining an explicit description of the ideal lattice of a graph algebra.

One feature of the ''age of migration'' in which we live has been an increasing movement of labor from the Global South to the North, mainly in ''low-skill'' and low-wage jobs. This article examines how far and in what ways contemporary capital-driven migration-related policies in labor-receiving and labor-sending states have shaped the subjectivity of transnational migrant workers and their positioning in host societies. It does so through the notion of new constitutional moments of primitive accumulation that designates the production of social spaces for the commodification of labor through the implementation of specific migration policies by labor-receiving states in the Global North, which is reinforced by the interests of labor-sending states in the Global South. By using this concept, especially with reference to changes in Japan's immigration policy since the early 1990s, I argue that the governance of global labor mobility has not only separated migrant workers from their means of subsistence in the home societies but also constructed them as precarious subjects in the labor markets of the host societies.

An original hybrid method FILTRATOR that allows to eliminate the noise in monochrome and binary bitmap images of the part drawings was proposed. The analysis of the characteristics of the scanned images of the part drawings and characteristic noise, not allowing to get a satisfactory result by standard noise reduction methods was performed. The main features of bitmap images of drawings are the presence of fine lines, filtering of which by standard methods leads to disruption of the integrity and coherence of the part contours, as well as specific types of noise and distortion.The peculiarity of the proposed hybrid method is its phased implementation. At the first stage, monochrome noise is eliminated by the automatic tone adjustment of the monochrome bitmap image of the part drawing based on the analysis of its brightness and contrast histograms. At the second stage, the remaining binary noise is eliminated by adaptive method, which involves selecting an effective combination of filtering methods: the contour mask method, modified aperture method kFill, median, morphological and logical filtering methods, as well as selecting structural elements based on the block-by-block evaluation of the image parameters: contour line thickness, noise type and level.The proposed hybrid method FILTRATOR effectively eliminates noise in binary bitmap images of the part drawings, while maintaining the integrity and continuity of contours.The comparative qualitative and quantitative testing results of the FILTRATOR method and spatial, frequency, and morphological filtering methods were given. The comparison was performed using the MSE, PSNR and UQI criteria. The result of the comparison showed the superiority of the FILTRATOR method in terms of filtering quality of artifacts in scanned bitmap images of the part drawings., Предложен метод адаптивного подавления шума в растровом образе чертежа детали, учитывающий специфические особенности сканированных изображений чертежей, а также присущие им типы и характер шума. Предложенный метод предполагает анализ изображения, на основании которого выбирается наиболее подходящий для него способ подавления шума. Проведенные эксперименты подтвердили эффективность данного метода., Запропоновано метод адаптивного пригнiчення шуму у растровому образі креслення деталі, що враховує специфічні особливості сканованих зображень креслень, а також властиві їм типи та характер шуму. Запропонований метод передбачає аналіз зображення, на підставі якого обирається найбільш вiдповiдний йому спосіб пригнічення шуму. Проведені експерименти підтвердили ефективність даного методу.

More than a half century after the publication of the Dialectic of Enlightenment, we know ourselves the addressee of Adorno’s work in a way that we could hardly have realized a decade ago. For the interregnum of the post-war years is over. We are experiencing a return of the great fear, as if it never ended—and perhaps it never did. We are, without a doubt, the occupants of the most catastrophic moment in the whole of human history, in all of natural history, and we cannot get our wits about ourselves. What is being decided right now for all surviving generations including our own, is the exact sum total of the irreversible remainder, the unalterable “How it might have been.” By every indication we are going ahead with the irreparable calamity., Más de medio siglo después de la publicación de la Dialéctica de la Ilustración, somos los destinatarios de la obra de Adorno de una manera que hubiera sido difícilmente imaginable hace una década. Porque el interregnum de los años de la posguerra ha terminado. Experimentamos el retorno del gran miedo, como si nunca hubiera acabado –y quizás nunca lo hizo–. Sin lugar a dudas, vivimos la era más catastrófica de toda la historia de la humanidad, de toda la historia natural, y somos incapaces de saber qué está pasando. En este momento se decide para las generaciones supervivientes, incluida la nuestra, la suma total del legado irreversible, el inalterable "cómo podría haber sido". Todo indica que seguimos adelante con una calamidad irreparable.

Three histological variants are known within the family of embryonal rosette-forming neuroepithelial brain tumors. These include embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR), ependymoblastoma (EBL), and medulloepithelioma (MEPL). In this study, we performed a comprehensive clinical, pathological, and molecular analysis of 97 cases of these rare brain neoplasms, including genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number profiling of 41 tumors. We identified uniform molecular signatures in all tumors irrespective of histological patterns, indicating that ETANTR, EBL, and MEPL comprise a single biological entity. As such, future WHO classification schemes should consider lumping these variants into a single diagnostic category, such as embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR). We recommend combined LIN28A immunohistochemistry and FISH analysis of the 19q13.42 locus for molecular diagnosis of this tumor category. Recognition of this distinct pediatric brain tumor entity based on the fact that the three histological variants are molecularly and clinically uniform will help to distinguish ETMR from other embryonal CNS tumors and to better understand the biology of these highly aggressive and therapy-resistant pediatric CNS malignancies, possibly leading to alternate treatment strategies.

[EN] The pilgrimage church in Neviges is a building where the experimentation with concrete becomes the main theme of the project. It is a unique work, sometimes secretive and enigmatic, whose primitive nature is necessarily due to the properties of the chosen material and its rough and elementary treatment. Its eroded surfaces refer us to an uncertain origin, full of strength and vitality. The starting point of this article is the premise that these primitive treatments appear intentionally by the clear will of the architect to investigate this old and new material., [ES] La iglesia de peregrinación en Neviges es un edificio en el que la experimentación con el hormigón se convierte en el tema central del proyecto. Es una obra singular, en ocasiones hermética y enigmática, cuyo carácter primitivo es debido necesariamente a las propiedades del material escogido y a su tratamiento tosco y elemental. Sus superficies erosionadas nos remiten a un origen incierto, lleno de fuerza y vitalidad. El artículo parte de la premisa de que estos rasgos primitivos aparecen de manera intencionada por la clara voluntad de su arquitecto de investigar este material antiguo y nuevo.

The present modern sheep is believed to have evolved from its wild ancestors 2.5 million years ago. Furthermore archeological evidence suggest that sheep has been domesticated by man since 8500-9000 years BC for their beneficial products to man including; milk, meat, skin and wool. Through centuries, sheep have been spread from the center of domestication to different parts of the world where they have adapted to environmental factors in such areas giving rise to what is known today as local or indigenous breeds. Indigenous breeds are generally characterized by the presence of horns in both rams and ewes, dark and coarse fleece and moulting coat. Such local breeds in Sweden include; Dala Fur sheep, Gestrike sheep, Helsinge sheep, Klövsjö sheep, Svärdsjö sheep, Åsen sheep, Roslagen sheep, Värmland sheep, Gotland sheep and Gute sheep. Though there have been some studies on some of these breeds, information on genetic distinctiveness between them remains scarce. The sheep genome contains more than 30 polymorphic endogenous proviruses (enJSRV) that are related to the Jaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV), a Beta retrovirus known for causing Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma. These proviruses are remains of exogenous retroviruses that infected germ cells of ancestors or great grandparents and have been passed on in a Mendelian manner to the present day sheep. Some of these endogenous proviruses have been found to have different functions in sheep species including the protection of hosts from infection by related defective exogenous viruses and also aid in conception and implantation during reproduction. Recently these polymorphic loci have been used to study the domestication trend of sheep and genetic distinctiveness between some sheep breeds. The aim of the current study was to use 6 of the polymorphic proviruses to define genetic difference between five local Swedish breeds. The presence or absence of each of these proviruses in the studied individuals was tested using polymeras

We catalogue the primitive ideals of the Cuntz–Krieger algebra of a row-finite higher-rank graph with no sources. Each maximal tail in the vertex set has an abelian periodicity group of finite rank at most that of the graph; the primitive ideals in the Cuntz–Krieger algebra are indexed by pairs consisting of a maximal tail and a character of its periodicity group. The Cuntz–Krieger algebra is primitive if and only if the whole vertex set is a maximal tail and the graph is aperiodic.

Статья основана на исследованиях профессиональной живописи, скульптуры, графики и изобразительного фольклора на различных этапах истории искусства. Отличие наивного и самодеятельного искусства рассматривается в форме про­тивопоставленных категорий. Говорится об условности границ между профес­сиональным, самодеятельным и наивным искусством и об отличии наива (при­митива) и примитивизма. Приводятся примеры из истории отечественной и мировой культуры. Подчеркивается, что обозначенная проблема важна не толь­ко для теории, но и для практиков искусства и педагогов., Article is based on research of professional painting, sculpture, graphics and graphic folklore at various stages of history of art. Difference of naive and amateur art is considered in the form of the opposed categories. The author speaks about about convention of borders between professional, amateur and naive art and about difference of naivety (primitive) and primitiveness. Examples from history of domestic and world culture are given. It is emphasized that the designated problem is important not only for the theory, but also for practitioners of art and teachers.

In the article we describe the question of etymology of separate words. There were analyzed a reconstruction as basic stage of words history, ways and methods of description of internal form., В статье рассмотрен вопрос изучения этимологии отдельных групп слов, подана реконструкция как основной этап исследования истории слова, проанализированы пути и методы описания внутренней формы., У статті розглянуто питання вивчення етимології окремих груп слів, подано реконструкцію як основний етап дослідження історії слова, проаналізовано шляхи та методи опису внутрішньої форми.

Background. The primitive neuroectodermal tumor (TNEP) of the chest wall, or Askin tumor, is a malignant neoplasia classified within the Ewing family of tumours (FSE). This particular type of malignancy of the chest wall is rare and usually appears in the pediatric population.Objective. Describe some characteristics of patients with Askin tumor of the Fundacion Hospital de La Misericordia.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of cases treated at a single institution, Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia, in a 16 years period was performed.Results. 8 patients were found, 7 boys, 4 with metastases at the diagnosis, 2 in lungs and 2 in bone, 2 underwent surgery at diagnosis. For the other 6 patients surgical resection was done after chemotherapy. All patients received chemotherapy and 6 received radiotherapy. To date, 5 patients are alive (62 %) with a median follow up of 32 months; 3 of them had metastases at diagnosis. 3 patients died, 2 of which had no metastases in the diagnosis, both relapsed and died of disease progression, the other abandoned treatment at 6 months after diagnosis. Other 2 patients that relapsed received chemotherapy plus autologous transplant, one is alive and the other one died due to disease progression.Conclusion. Clinical, laboratory, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis characteristics of this patient group were described., Antecedentes. El tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo (TNEP) de la pared torácica o Tumor de Askin, es un tumor maligno clasificado dentro de los TNEP periféricos y perteneciente a los tumores de la familia del sarcoma de Ewing (FSE). Este tipo de neoplasia de la región toracopulmonar es muy poco frecuente y suele presentarse con mayor frecuencia en la población pediátrica.Objetivo. Describir algunas características de pacientes con Tumor de Askin de la Fundación Hospital La Misericordia.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los casos atendidos en una sola institución, Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia, en un lapso de 16 años.Resultados. Se encontraron 8 pacientes, 7 varones, 4 con metástasis al diagnóstico, 2 en pulmón y 2 en hueso, a 2 se les hizo resección quirúrgica completa del tumor al diagnóstico, los demás pacientes fueron llevados a biopsia y quimioterapia citoreductora previa a la cirugía para resección tumoral. Todos recibieron quimioterapia con protocolos para Sarcoma de Ewing y radioterapia en 6 casos. A la fecha están vivos 5 pacientes (62%) con una mediana de seguimiento de 32 meses; 3 de ellos tenían metástasis en el diagnóstico. De los 3 pacientes muertos, 2 no tenían metástasis en el diagnóstico, ambos recayeron y fallecieron por progresión de enfermedad; el otro abandonó el tratamiento a los 6 meses del diagnóstico. Dos pacientes en recaída recibieron quimioterapia de 2 líneas a altas dosis con rescate autólogo, uno está vivo y el otro falleció por progresión de la enfermedad.Conclusión. Se describieron las características clínicas, de laboratorio, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de este grupo de pacientes.

Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR, previously known as ETANTR) is a highly aggressive embryonal CNS tumor, which almost exclusively affects infants and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Accurate diagnosis is of critical clinical importance because of its poor response to current treatment protocols and its distinct biology. Amplification of the miRNA cluster at 19q13.42 has been identified previously as a genetic hallmark for ETMR, but an immunohistochemistry-based assay for clinical routine diagnostics [such as INI-1 for atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT)] is still lacking. In this study, we screened for an ETMR-specific marker using a gene-expression profiling dataset of more than 1,400 brain tumors and identified LIN28A as a highly specific marker for ETMR. The encoded protein binds small RNA and has been implicated in stem cell pluripotency, metabolism and tumorigenesis. Using an LIN28A specific antibody, we carried out immunohistochemical analysis of LIN28A in more than 800 childhood brain-tumor samples and confirmed its high specificity for ETMR. Strong LIN28A immunoexpression was found in all 37 ETMR samples tested, whereas focal reactivity was only present in a small (6/50) proportion of AT/RT samples. All other pediatric brain tumors were completely LIN28A-negative. In summary, we established LIN28A immunohistochemistry as a highly sensitive and specific, rapid, inexpensive diagnostic tool for routine pathological verification of ETMR.

Book Review: Modern Production to Imagined Primitive: The Social World of Coffee from Papua New Guinea

This article considers two sociological postures in relation to Paul Ricoeur’s anthropology of capable man. The first sociological approach scrutinizes the concept of human capacity from the perspective of Ricoeur’s hermeneutics. The second approach elaborated here aims to study the fundamental phenomena of the practical sphere exposed in Philosophie de la volonté. The question of capacities is raised to the upper level, where primitive sensitive experiences are carried out and human beings are still considered to be dependent on vital functions. A reflection will be carried out on the inner certainty of being able to be capable and consubstantial foundation of a practical space integrated by familiarity with the body schema. This study will allow for a critical illumination of social policies currently focused on the activation of individual capacities., Cet article envisage deux postures sociologiques au regard de l’anthropologie de l’homme capable de Paul Ricœur. Une première sociologie travaille en approfondissant la notion de capacité humaine sous le signe de l’herméneutique de Ricœur. Une seconde, dont le projet sera ici explicité, reprend l’ambition d’étudier les phénomènes fondamentaux de la sphère pratique exposée dans la Philosophie de la volonté. La question des capacités y est prise très amont, au niveau où s’exercent des expériences sensibles primitives, et où l’humain est encore considéré dans la dépendance au vital. Une réflexion y sera conduite sur l’assurance intime de pouvoir se rendre capable et la fondation consubstantielle d’un espace pratique intégré par familiarité au schéma corporel. Ce développement permettra pour finir un éclairage critique sur les politiques sociales actuellement centrées sur l’activation des capacités des individus.

Quasichemical theory (QCT) provides a framework that can be used to partition the influence of the solvent surrounding an ion into near and distant contributions. Within QCT, the solvation properties of the ion are expressed as a sum of configurational integrals comprising only the ion and a small number of solvent molecules. QCT adopts a particularly simple form if it is assumed that the clusters undergo only small thermal fluctuations around a well-defined energy minimum and are affected exclusively in a mean-field sense by the surrounding bulk solvent. The fluctuations can then be integrated out via a simple vibrational analysis, leading to a closed-form expression for the solvation free energy of the ion. This constitutes the primitive form of quasichemical theory (pQCT), which is an approximate mathematical formulation aimed at reproducing the results from the full many-body configurational averages of statistical mechanics. While the results from pQCT from previous applications are reasonable, the accuracy of the approach has not been fully characterized and its range of validity remains unclear. Here, a direct test of pQCT for a set of ion models is carried out by comparing with the results of free energy simulations with explicit solvent. The influence of the distant surrounding bulk on the cluster comprising the ion and the nearest solvent molecule is treated both with a continuum dielectric approximation and with free energy perturbation molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent. The analysis shows that pQCT can provide an accurate framework in the case of a small cation such as Li+. However, the approximation encounters increasing difficulties when applied to larger cations such as Na+, and particularly for K+. This suggests that results from pQCT should be interpreted with caution when comparing ions of different sizes.

Graphics processors (GPUs) have recently emerged as powerful coprocessors for general purpose computation. Compared with commodity CPUs, GPUs have an order of magnitude higher computation power as well as memory bandwidth. Moreover, new-generation GPUs allow writes to random memory locations, provide efficient interprocessor communication through on-chip local memory, and support a general purpose parallel programming model. Nevertheless, many of the GPU features are specialized for graphics processing, including the massively multithreaded architecture, the Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data processing style, and the execution model of a single application at a time. Additionally, GPUs rely on a bus of limited bandwidth to transfer data to and from the CPU, do not allow dynamic memory allocation from GPU kernels, and have little hardware support for write conflicts. Therefore, a careful design and implementation is required to utilize the GPU for coprocessing database queries. In this article, we present our design, implementation, and evaluation of an in-memory relational query coprocessing system, GDB, on the GPU. Taking advantage of the GPU hardware features, we design a set of highly optimized data-parallel primitives such as split and sort, and use these primitives to implement common relational query processing algorithms. Our algorithms utilize the high parallelism as well as the high memory bandwidth of the GPU, and use parallel computation and memory optimizations to effectively reduce memory stalls. Furthermore, we propose coprocessing techniques that take into account both the computation resources and the GPU-CPU data transfer cost so that each operator in a query can utilize suitable processors-the CPU, the GPU, or both-for an optimized overall performance. We have evaluated our GDB system on a machine with an Intel quad-core CPU and an NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX GPU. Our workloads include microbenchmark queries on memory-resident data as well as TPC-H quer

We present a novel design and implementation of relational join algorithms for new-generation graphics processing units (GPUs). The most recent GPU features include support for writing to random memory locations, efficient inter-processor communication, and a programming model for general-purpose computing. Taking advantage of these new features, we design a set of data-parallel primitives such as split and sort, and use these primitives to implement indexed or non-indexed nested-loop, sort-merge and hash joins. Our algorithms utilize the high parallelism as well as the high memory bandwidth of the GPU, and use parallel computation and memory optimizations to effectively reduce memory stalls. We have implemented our algorithms on a PC with an NVIDIA G80 GPU and an Intel quad-core CPU. Our GPU-based join algorithms are able to achieve a performance improvement of 2-7X over their optimized CPU-based counterparts. © Copyright 2008 ACM.

In order to dispel Adam Smith’s liberal narrative of original accumulation, Karl Marx offered his own historical account of the rise of capitalism in England. He also pointed to the English colonies, where the conditions for capitalist development were being created by government intervention in his own era.1 Playing on the discussion of the ‘art of colonisation’ in Edward Gibbon Wakefield’s comparative study of England and America, Marx argued that Wakefield’s candid advice on colonial policy and prosperity revealed the shaky foundations upon which Adam Smith’s concept of original accumulation was built. According to Marx, the value of Wakefield’s work rested in his recognition that the social property relations of capital did not evolve naturally and spontaneously as liberal speculative history might imply, but had to be enforced by state power. In this case, ‘wasteland’ in America had to be sufficiently priced so as to render it difficult for most immigrants to obtain land.2 Without access to affordable land, newcomers to America would have little choice outside starvation but to work for someone else upon arrival. In this way, state policy featured as a prominent lever of primitive accumulation insofar as it blocked people from gaining the means by which they could work for themselves and their families. Thus, even a cursory consideration of state policy in the colonies made a mockery of Adam’s Smith’s claim that capital was ‘silently and gradually accumulated by the private frugality and good conduct of individuals, by their universal, continual and uninterrupted effort to better their own condition’.3

Voce "Primitivi, religione dei"

The concept of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) has been evolving for many years, as has been its nomenclature. A 5 year old boy presented with pain in lower cervicodorsal region and left leg. Preoperative MRI of the spine and paravertebral region revealed a hyperintense lobulated lesion extending from D1-D4 with a large intraspinal and thoracic component. A total removal of tumor was achieved via a dorsal laminectomy and right posterolateral thoracotomy. The pathological findings were consistent with PNET. Post operative neurological examination had been unremarkable. Six months follow up scan showed no recurrence. A review of the literature shows that only 18 cases of primary intraspinal PNETs have been reported to date and the present case is exclusive, in which the tumor was thoracic, extradural in location and the child is alive at 8 months of follow up, with no evidence of tumor recurrence/metastasis. Primary intraspinal PNETs are rare tumors and carry a poor prognosis. Newer modalities of treatment should be tried to improve survival.

The purpose of the dissertation is to bring to light and focus upon, through a number of disparate investigations, the socio-cultural ideology and practices expressed in some of the dance events which constitute an echo of the cry implied by the most canonized ballet of the 1900s, Le Sacre du Printemps choreographed in 1913 by Vaslav Nijinsky. The study commences with a discussion, which aims to define key concepts such as "reconstruction" and "original". The main part of the text in Part 1 is devoted to the problems relating to Millicent Hod-son's and Kenneth Archer's reconstruction in 1987 of the "forgotten" milestone in western dance, Le Sacre du Printemps. The choice of methods by the reconstuctionists raises questions of scientific legitimacy in western historiography. Key concepts for Hodson and Archer are "lost" and "found". What is it that the recon-structionists have found in their effort to fill a void in the history of dance? Through the study of the Hodson's and Archer's method of reconstruction and other reconstructions in contrast with a few newly created versions of Le Sacre du Printemps the importance of the dance being perpetuated is confirmed. But that also leads to the insight that a dance event is not isolated from a contemporary context. Part 2 deals with relations to "the primitive" in dance history. Here we touch on questions concerning alienation or our view of what can be regarded as "the other", but also our need for hierarchies. This division of "we" and "them" functions as a dramatic formula through hundreds of years of western dance and at the same time describes an aspect of colonialism. Our relationship to this "the primitive", the other, shifts over the years and in the world of dance these questions constitute a reflection of our diffuse or repressed inner self or, more simply, an expression of our dreams and fantasies. In Part 3 Le Sacre du Printemps is placed in contexts and is summarised under the hea-ding "the New Spirituality."

Cerebellar mutism is a rare finding associated with resection of posterior fossa tumors or cerebellar hemorrhages. We reviewed the medical records of six children, aged 6 to 12 years, who developed cerebellar mutism after resection of a posterior fossa mass or as a result of posterior fossa trauma. From 1989 to 1994, 210 children underwent posterior fossa resection at our institution, and four developed mutism (an incidence of 1.6%). All four patients had primitive neuroectodermal tumors. The fifth patient experienced trauma, and another patient had an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). In four children, hydrocephalus developed as a result of their tumor or AVM. Four developed cerebellar mutism 24 to 48 hours after surgery or trauma, and one developed cerebellar mutism 5 days after surgery, coincident with hydrocephalus. In one, mutism occurred after a second resection was performed for a recurrence of his posterior fossa tumor. Cerebellar mutism lasted 10 days in one patient and 2 to 8 weeks in the other four. Dysarthria was apparent in four patients during the recovery phase. We suggest trauma to the dentate nucleus and/or its outflow tract, the superior cerebellar peduncle, as a cause of reversible mutism. Because posterior fossa tumors are common in children, mutism should be recognized as an important side effect of surgery.

A humoral recogllltion molecule that is homologous to the mammalian complement components C3, C4 and C5 has recently been identified In the Pacific hagfish, EptalrelllS 5101/11. One function of this complement-like protein (ClP) IS to opsonize foreIgn matenal for phagocytosis by hagfish leucocytes. Here, we demonstrate that ClP's opsonic actIVIty can be abrogated by pre-Incubating phagocytes With an anti-hagfish leucocyte mAb (I B I). Moreover. antIgen-activated ClP can block the binding of the I B I antibody to hagfish leucocytes. Flow cytometry and Immunopreclpltation Indicate that I B I recognizes a 105 kDa cell-surface. monomenc protein that IS expressed exclUSively on phagocytic hagfish leucocytes. It is concluded that thiS 105 kDa protein represents the cell surface receptor by which ClP mediates the phagocytosis of 0psolllzed targets.

INTRODUCTION The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico have been the subjects of a specific kind of mythologizing since the Spanish colonists arrived in the sixteenth century, but particularly so since the 1920s. There have been two distinct and often parallel aspects of this image-making. One is promulgated by social scientists in the fields of anthropology, ethnography, and history. The other is touted by entrepreneurs of tourism and popular culture. Among social scientists, New Mexico early became a ”living laboratory.” Among entrepreneurs and state boosters, New Mexico became a “living backdrop.” In both instances, however, the interpretations were and are dominated by outsiders (non-Pueblo) who seek, for their own affirmation, a primitive and exotic humanscape. In their imagining about the exotic and the primitive, these outside observers draw on their own preconceptions and experiences to selectively appropriate elements of the mystical and mythical "Indian." The consequent image is a subjective interpretation, the purpose of which is to corroborate the outsider's viewpoint, and not least to gain money and prestige.

Primitive Baptist Church Choir in Manatee County. It is probably either Saint Lukes of Palmetto or Mount Pilgrim Primitive Baptist of Bradenton.

Tato práce by měla seznámit čtenáře se základním rozdělením paralelních výpočtů a popisem distribuovaných systémů. Dále je zaměřena na rozdělení kryptografický útoků. Měla by sloužit jako teoretický základ pro návrh distribuovaného systému pro řešení numerických výpočtů., This thesis should introduce a reader with basic objectives of parallel computing followed by distributed systems. The thesis is also aimed at description of cryptographic attacks. The main point should be to obtain theoretic information for design of distributed system for cryptoanalysis.

Tato práce by měla seznámit čtenáře se základním rozdělením paralelních výpočtů a popisem distribuovaných systémů. Dále je zaměřena na rozdělení kryptografický útoků. Měla by sloužit jako teoretický základ pro návrh distribuovaného systému pro řešení numerických výpočtů., This thesis should introduce a reader with basic objectives of parallel computing followed by distributed systems. The thesis is also aimed at description of cryptographic attacks. The main point should be to obtain theoretic information for design of distributed system for cryptoanalysis.

Educational textbook is intended for students studying the bject "Mathematical analysis" and includes the chapter "The indefinite integral". This manual consists of a sufficient number of examples, examination of which helps to understand the given theoretical material. All the material is presented in English. Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов, изучающих "Математический анализ", и охватывает раздел "Неопределенный интеграл". В пособии имеется большое количество примеров, рассмотрение которых помогает усвоению теоретического материала. Весь материал изложен на английском языке., математический анализ

Tato práce by měla seznámit čtenáře se základním rozdělením paralelních výpočtů a popisem distribuovaných systémů. Dále je zaměřena na rozdělení kryptografický útoků. Měla by sloužit jako teoretický základ pro návrh distribuovaného systému pro řešení numerických výpočtů., This thesis should introduce a reader with basic objectives of parallel computing followed by distributed systems. The thesis is also aimed at description of cryptographic attacks. The main point should be to obtain theoretic information for design of distributed system for cryptoanalysis.

Tato práce by měla seznámit čtenáře se základním rozdělením paralelních výpočtů a popisem distribuovaných systémů. Dále je zaměřena na rozdělení kryptografický útoků. Měla by sloužit jako teoretický základ pro návrh distribuovaného systému pro řešení numerických výpočtů., This thesis should introduce a reader with basic objectives of parallel computing followed by distributed systems. The thesis is also aimed at description of cryptographic attacks. The main point should be to obtain theoretic information for design of distributed system for cryptoanalysis.