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During 2013, samples of infected seed grown caraway were collected from commercially grown crops in the experimental field in Mošorin and analyzed for the presence of plant pathogenic fungi. In all samples of seeds, weaker germination and a high seed infection 100%, with phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Alternaria, was found. From the infected caraway seed, monosporial cultures, based on morphology, were identified as Alternaria alternata, and their pathogenicity proved on artificially inoculated caraway and parsley seedlings. Molecular identification was performed utilizing polimerase chain reaction (PCR) with primer pair ITS1/ITS4 and by amplification of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. Gene sequences of selected isolates CC1 (KP822948), CC2 (KP822949) i CC3 (KP822950) exhibited 100% nucle­otide identity with the sequences of 31 isolates of A. alternata deposited in the GenBank. The presence of a large number of phytopathogenic fungi on caraway seed should be further investigated in order to clarify their relationships and relative significance., Tokom 2013. godine, na oglednom polju u Mošorinu, prikupljeni su uzorci zaraženog semena gajenog kima i analizirani na prisustvo fitopatogenih gljiva. U svim uzorcima semena, ustanovljena je slabija klijavost i visok stepen zaraze fitopatogenim gljivama iz roda Alternaria, 100%. Iz zaraženog semena izolovane su monosporijalne kulture, čija je patogenost potvrđena pojavom simptoma na veštački inokulisanim klijancima kima i peršuna, a na osnovu morfoloških svojstava identifikovane su kao Alternaria alternata. Molekularna identifikacija obavljena je primenom lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction) uz korišćenje prajmera ITS1/ITS4 i amplifikaciju ITS regiona ribozomalne DNK. Sekvence gena odabranih izolata CC1 (KP822948), CC2 (KP822949) i CC3 (KP822950) pokazale su 100% nukleotidne identičnosti sa sekvencama 31 izolata A. alternata deponovanih u GenBank bazi podataka. Prisustvo većeg broja vrsta gljiva na semenu kima, zahteva dalja ispitivanja njihovih međusobnih odnosa i relativnog značaja.

During 2013, samples of infected seed grown caraway were collected from commercially grown crops in the experimental field in Mošorin and analyzed for the presence of plant pathogenic fungi. In all samples of seeds, weaker germination and a high seed infection 100%, with phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Alternaria, was found. From the infected caraway seed, monosporial cultures, based on morphology, were identified as Alternaria alternata, and their pathogenicity proved on artificially inoculated caraway and parsley seedlings. Molecular identification was performed utilizing polimerase chain reaction (PCR) with primer pair ITS1/ITS4 and by amplification of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. Gene sequences of selected isolates CC1 (KP822948), CC2 (KP822949) i CC3 (KP822950) exhibited 100% nucle­otide identity with the sequences of 31 isolates of A. alternata deposited in the GenBank. The presence of a large number of phytopathogenic fungi on caraway seed should be further investigated in order to clarify their relationships and relative significance., Tokom 2013. godine, na oglednom polju u Mošorinu, prikupljeni su uzorci zaraženog semena gajenog kima i analizirani na prisustvo fitopatogenih gljiva. U svim uzorcima semena, ustanovljena je slabija klijavost i visok stepen zaraze fitopatogenim gljivama iz roda Alternaria, 100%. Iz zaraženog semena izolovane su monosporijalne kulture, čija je patogenost potvrđena pojavom simptoma na veštački inokulisanim klijancima kima i peršuna, a na osnovu morfoloških svojstava identifikovane su kao Alternaria alternata. Molekularna identifikacija obavljena je primenom lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction) uz korišćenje prajmera ITS1/ITS4 i amplifikaciju ITS regiona ribozomalne DNK. Sekvence gena odabranih izolata CC1 (KP822948), CC2 (KP822949) i CC3 (KP822950) pokazale su 100% nukleotidne identičnosti sa sekvencama 31 izolata A. alternata deponovanih u GenBank bazi podataka. Prisustvo većeg broja vrsta gljiva na semenu kima, zahteva dalja ispitivanja njihovih međusobnih odnosa i relativnog značaja.

Objective of this study was to determine the divergence and association between seed yield and three morphological characteristics that are very important in sunflower breeding (plant height, head diameter and days to flowering) in order to identify the most valuable trait for seed yield improvement. Forty new hybrid combinations were evaluated. Cluster analysis was used to determine genetic diversity in new hybrid combinations by classifying genotypes based on average values of the studied characteristics. Genotypes were classified into three homogenous groups and six individuals. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to examine association between the studied characteristics, among which days to flowering showed negative correlation while plant height and head diameter showed positive correlation with seed yield, on both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Our study showed that there is genetic variability among new hybrids and bearing in mind that hybrids should be grown in different agro-ecological environments, our attention should be focused on developing inbred lines with lower stem resistant to lodging, larger head diameter and earlier flowering., Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi divergentnost i povezanost između prinosa semena i tri morfološka svojstva koja su veoma važna u oplemenjivanju suncokreta (visina biljke, prečnik glave i broj dana do cvetanja) kako bi se identifikovalo najznačajnije svojstvo. Četrdeset novih hibridnih kombinacija je ocenjeno u ovom istraživanju. Klaster analiza je korištena za određivanje genotipske divergentnosti u novim hibridnim kombinacijama klasifikacijom genotipova na osnovu srednjih vrednosti ispitivanih svojstava. Genotipovi su klasifikovani u tri homogene grupe i šest pojedinačnih. Za istraživanje povezanosti ispitivanih svojstava korišteni su Pirsonovi koeficijenti korelacije. Između ispitivanih svojstava, dani do cvetanja su pokazali negativnu korelaciju, dok su visina biljke i prečnik glave pokazali pozitivnu korelaciju sa prinosom semena, na genotipskom i fenotipskom nivou. Naša studija je pokazala da između novih hibrida postoji genetička varijabilnost a imajući u vidu da hibridi treba da se gaje u različitim agro-ekološkim uslovima naša pažnja treba da se usmeri na stvaranje inbred linija niže stabljike otporne na poleganje, većeg prečnika glave i ranijeg cvetanja.

Significant differences in the mean values of petiole length and total leaf number per plant were found among the six inbreds and hybrids we studied in the F1 and F2 generations. In the F1 generation, the most common mode of inheritance of petiole length was dominance, while intermediacy, partial dominance, and superdominance were rarer. In the F2 generation, petiole length was inherited dominantly except for four combinations where the mode of inheritance was intermediacy. Leaf number was inherited by intermediacy partial dominance, dominance, and superdominance in both generations. The additive component accounted for the bulk of genetic variance. Looking at all combinations in both generations, the mode of inheritance of petiole length and total leaf number per plant was partial dominance., Između šest ispitivanih inbred linija i hibrida u F1 i F2 generaciji postojale su značajne razlike u sred-njim vrednostima za dužinu lisne drške i ukupan broj listova po biljci. U F1 generaciji lisna drška se najčešće nasleđivala dominantno, a ređe intermedijarno, parcijalno dominantno i superdominantno. Dužina lisne drške u F2 generaciji se nasleđivala dominantno osim u četiri kombinacije gde se ispoljila intermedijarnost. Broj listova se u obe generacije (F1 i F2) nasleđivao intermedijarno, parcijalno dominantno, dominantno i superdominantno. Glavni deo genetske varijanse čini aditivna komponenta, a način nasleđivanja je parcijalna dominacija u nasleđivanju dužine lisne drške i ukupnog broja listova po biljci uzevši u obzir sve kombinacije ukrštanja u obe generacije (F1 i F2).