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The Nordic countries are, together with the United States, forerunners in online record access (ORA), which has now become widespread. The importance of accessible and structured health data has also been highlighted by policy makers internationally. To ensure the full realization of ORA’s potential in the short and long term, there is a pressing need to study ORA from a cross-disciplinary, clinical, humanistic, and social sciences perspective that looks beyond strictly technical aspects. In this viewpoint paper, we explore the policy changes in the European Health Data Space (EHDS) proposal to advance ORA across the European Union, informed by our research in a Nordic-led project that carries out the first of its kind, large-scale international investigation of patients’ ORA—NORDeHEALTH (Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future). We argue that the EHDS proposal will pave the way for patients to access and control third-party access to their electronic health records. In our analysis of the proposal, we have identified five key principles for ORA: (1) the right to access, (2) proxy access, (3) patient input of their own data, (4) error and omission rectification, and (5) access control. ORA implementation today is fragmented throughout Europe, and the EHDS proposal aims to ensure all European citizens have equal online access to their health data. However, we argue that in order to implement the EHDS, we need more research evidence on the key ORA principles we have identified in our analysis. Results from the NORDeHEALTH project provide some of that evidence, but we have also identified important knowledge gaps that still need further exploration., CC BY 4.0©Maria Hägglund, Anna Kharko, Annika Bärkås, Charlotte Blease, Åsa Cajander, Catherine DesRoches, Asbjørn Johansen Fagerlund, Josefin Hagström, Isto Huvila, Iiris Hörhammer, Bridget Kane, Gunnar O Klein, Eli Kristiansen, Jonas Moll, Irene Muli, Hanife Rexhepi, Sara Riggare, Peeter Ross, Isabella Scandurra, Saija Simola, Hedvig Soone, Bo Wang, Maedeh Ghorbanian Zolbin, Rose-Mharie Åhlfeldt, Sari Kujala, Monika Alise Johansen.Corresponding Author: Maria Hägglund, maria.hagglund@uu.seThis work was supported by the Citizen and Health Data Working Group in the European Federation for Medical Informatics (CHD WG, EFMI). This work was supported by NordForsk through the funding to Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH (project #100477), the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE) through the funding to Beyond Implementation of eHealth (project #2020-01229), the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland (projects #352501 and #352503), and the Norwegian Centre for E-health Research. CB was supported by a Keane Scholar Award. The study funders played no role in the study design, data interpretation, writing of the results, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication., Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH

The Nordic countries are, together with the United States, forerunners in online record access (ORA), which has now become widespread. The importance of accessible and structured health data has also been highlighted by policy makers internationally. To ensure the full realization of ORA’s potential in the short and long term, there is a pressing need to study ORA from a cross-disciplinary, clinical, humanistic, and social sciences perspective that looks beyond strictly technical aspects. In this viewpoint paper, we explore the policy changes in the European Health Data Space (EHDS) proposal to advance ORA across the European Union, informed by our research in a Nordic-led project that carries out the first of its kind, large-scale international investigation of patients’ ORA—NORDeHEALTH (Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future). We argue that the EHDS proposal will pave the way for patients to access and control third-party access to their electronic health records. In our analysis of the proposal, we have identified five key principles for ORA: (1) the right to access, (2) proxy access, (3) patient input of their own data, (4) error and omission rectification, and (5) access control. ORA implementation today is fragmented throughout Europe, and the EHDS proposal aims to ensure all European citizens have equal online access to their health data. However, we argue that in order to implement the EHDS, we need more research evidence on the key ORA principles we have identified in our analysis. Results from the NORDeHEALTH project provide some of that evidence, but we have also identified important knowledge gaps that still need further exploration., CC BY 4.0©Maria Hägglund, Anna Kharko, Annika Bärkås, Charlotte Blease, Åsa Cajander, Catherine DesRoches, Asbjørn Johansen Fagerlund, Josefin Hagström, Isto Huvila, Iiris Hörhammer, Bridget Kane, Gunnar O Klein, Eli Kristiansen, Jonas Moll, Irene Muli, Hanife Rexhepi, Sara Riggare, Peeter Ross, Isabella Scandurra, Saija Simola, Hedvig Soone, Bo Wang, Maedeh Ghorbanian Zolbin, Rose-Mharie Åhlfeldt, Sari Kujala, Monika Alise Johansen.Corresponding Author: Maria Hägglund, maria.hagglund@uu.seThis work was supported by the Citizen and Health Data Working Group in the European Federation for Medical Informatics (CHD WG, EFMI). This work was supported by NordForsk through the funding to Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH (project #100477), the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE) through the funding to Beyond Implementation of eHealth (project #2020-01229), the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland (projects #352501 and #352503), and the Norwegian Centre for E-health Research. CB was supported by a Keane Scholar Award. The study funders played no role in the study design, data interpretation, writing of the results, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication., Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH

The Nordic countries are, together with the United States, forerunners in online record access (ORA), which has now become widespread. The importance of accessible and structured health data has also been highlighted by policy makers internationally. To ensure the full realization of ORA’s potential in the short and long term, there is a pressing need to study ORA from a cross-disciplinary, clinical, humanistic, and social sciences perspective that looks beyond strictly technical aspects. In this viewpoint paper, we explore the policy changes in the European Health Data Space (EHDS) proposal to advance ORA across the European Union, informed by our research in a Nordic-led project that carries out the first of its kind, large-scale international investigation of patients’ ORA—NORDeHEALTH (Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future). We argue that the EHDS proposal will pave the way for patients to access and control third-party access to their electronic health records. In our analysis of the proposal, we have identified five key principles for ORA: (1) the right to access, (2) proxy access, (3) patient input of their own data, (4) error and omission rectification, and (5) access control. ORA implementation today is fragmented throughout Europe, and the EHDS proposal aims to ensure all European citizens have equal online access to their health data. However, we argue that in order to implement the EHDS, we need more research evidence on the key ORA principles we have identified in our analysis. Results from the NORDeHEALTH project provide some of that evidence, but we have also identified important knowledge gaps that still need further exploration., CC BY 4.0©Maria Hägglund, Anna Kharko, Annika Bärkås, Charlotte Blease, Åsa Cajander, Catherine DesRoches, Asbjørn Johansen Fagerlund, Josefin Hagström, Isto Huvila, Iiris Hörhammer, Bridget Kane, Gunnar O Klein, Eli Kristiansen, Jonas Moll, Irene Muli, Hanife Rexhepi, Sara Riggare, Peeter Ross, Isabella Scandurra, Saija Simola, Hedvig Soone, Bo Wang, Maedeh Ghorbanian Zolbin, Rose-Mharie Åhlfeldt, Sari Kujala, Monika Alise Johansen.Corresponding Author: Maria Hägglund, maria.hagglund@uu.seThis work was supported by the Citizen and Health Data Working Group in the European Federation for Medical Informatics (CHD WG, EFMI). This work was supported by NordForsk through the funding to Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH (project #100477), the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE) through the funding to Beyond Implementation of eHealth (project #2020-01229), the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland (projects #352501 and #352503), and the Norwegian Centre for E-health Research. CB was supported by a Keane Scholar Award. The study funders played no role in the study design, data interpretation, writing of the results, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication., Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH

The Nordic countries are, together with the United States, forerunners in online record access (ORA), which has now become widespread. The importance of accessible and structured health data has also been highlighted by policy makers internationally. To ensure the full realization of ORA’s potential in the short and long term, there is a pressing need to study ORA from a cross-disciplinary, clinical, humanistic, and social sciences perspective that looks beyond strictly technical aspects. In this viewpoint paper, we explore the policy changes in the European Health Data Space (EHDS) proposal to advance ORA across the European Union, informed by our research in a Nordic-led project that carries out the first of its kind, large-scale international investigation of patients’ ORA—NORDeHEALTH (Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future). We argue that the EHDS proposal will pave the way for patients to access and control third-party access to their electronic health records. In our analysis of the proposal, we have identified five key principles for ORA: (1) the right to access, (2) proxy access, (3) patient input of their own data, (4) error and omission rectification, and (5) access control. ORA implementation today is fragmented throughout Europe, and the EHDS proposal aims to ensure all European citizens have equal online access to their health data. However, we argue that in order to implement the EHDS, we need more research evidence on the key ORA principles we have identified in our analysis. Results from the NORDeHEALTH project provide some of that evidence, but we have also identified important knowledge gaps that still need further exploration., CC BY 4.0©Maria Hägglund, Anna Kharko, Annika Bärkås, Charlotte Blease, Åsa Cajander, Catherine DesRoches, Asbjørn Johansen Fagerlund, Josefin Hagström, Isto Huvila, Iiris Hörhammer, Bridget Kane, Gunnar O Klein, Eli Kristiansen, Jonas Moll, Irene Muli, Hanife Rexhepi, Sara Riggare, Peeter Ross, Isabella Scandurra, Saija Simola, Hedvig Soone, Bo Wang, Maedeh Ghorbanian Zolbin, Rose-Mharie Åhlfeldt, Sari Kujala, Monika Alise Johansen.Corresponding Author: Maria Hägglund, maria.hagglund@uu.seThis work was supported by the Citizen and Health Data Working Group in the European Federation for Medical Informatics (CHD WG, EFMI). This work was supported by NordForsk through the funding to Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH (project #100477), the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE) through the funding to Beyond Implementation of eHealth (project #2020-01229), the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland (projects #352501 and #352503), and the Norwegian Centre for E-health Research. CB was supported by a Keane Scholar Award. The study funders played no role in the study design, data interpretation, writing of the results, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication., Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH

The Nordic countries are, together with the United States, forerunners in online record access (ORA), which has now become widespread. The importance of accessible and structured health data has also been highlighted by policy makers internationally. To ensure the full realization of ORA’s potential in the short and long term, there is a pressing need to study ORA from a cross-disciplinary, clinical, humanistic, and social sciences perspective that looks beyond strictly technical aspects. In this viewpoint paper, we explore the policy changes in the European Health Data Space (EHDS) proposal to advance ORA across the European Union, informed by our research in a Nordic-led project that carries out the first of its kind, large-scale international investigation of patients’ ORA—NORDeHEALTH (Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future). We argue that the EHDS proposal will pave the way for patients to access and control third-party access to their electronic health records. In our analysis of the proposal, we have identified five key principles for ORA: (1) the right to access, (2) proxy access, (3) patient input of their own data, (4) error and omission rectification, and (5) access control. ORA implementation today is fragmented throughout Europe, and the EHDS proposal aims to ensure all European citizens have equal online access to their health data. However, we argue that in order to implement the EHDS, we need more research evidence on the key ORA principles we have identified in our analysis. Results from the NORDeHEALTH project provide some of that evidence, but we have also identified important knowledge gaps that still need further exploration., CC BY 4.0©Maria Hägglund, Anna Kharko, Annika Bärkås, Charlotte Blease, Åsa Cajander, Catherine DesRoches, Asbjørn Johansen Fagerlund, Josefin Hagström, Isto Huvila, Iiris Hörhammer, Bridget Kane, Gunnar O Klein, Eli Kristiansen, Jonas Moll, Irene Muli, Hanife Rexhepi, Sara Riggare, Peeter Ross, Isabella Scandurra, Saija Simola, Hedvig Soone, Bo Wang, Maedeh Ghorbanian Zolbin, Rose-Mharie Åhlfeldt, Sari Kujala, Monika Alise Johansen.Corresponding Author: Maria Hägglund, maria.hagglund@uu.seThis work was supported by the Citizen and Health Data Working Group in the European Federation for Medical Informatics (CHD WG, EFMI). This work was supported by NordForsk through the funding to Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH (project #100477), the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE) through the funding to Beyond Implementation of eHealth (project #2020-01229), the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland (projects #352501 and #352503), and the Norwegian Centre for E-health Research. CB was supported by a Keane Scholar Award. The study funders played no role in the study design, data interpretation, writing of the results, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication., Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH

An unresolved dilemma facing many disciplines is how theory and practice can better work together to enhance the decision-making processes on the ground. This widely-known theory-practice gap often contributes to the misdiagnosis of problems and undermines the effectiveness of responses. Despite decades of research into why this gap remains, there is still a continuing and heated debate as to why it exists and how it could be resolved. This article examines the theory-practice gap through a systematic review that draws insights across diverse disciplines such as health, science, governance, and business. It builds a conceptual framework based on the findings, allowing for the analysis of the various drivers and solutions for addressing the gap. The findings show that to resolve this gap is necessary to change our perspective of the gap and understand it as a bilateral issue, where both theory and practice play a role in creating the gap. Thus, solutions to the gap need to follow a cyclical and integrative approach. As the gap may never be fully closed, the framework provides the tools to respond to it whenever it arises. Future research will be required to empirically test and advance the framework.

The evolution of higher education and technological advancements has transformed the accessibility and understanding of complex subjects, such as quantum computing. Traditionally, higher education has focused on specialized knowledge, making it challenging for individuals to explore diverse fields beyond their expertise. However, modern technologies have democratized access to information, enabling non-experts to engage with complex topics. Quantum computing, grounded in the principles of quantum mechanics, is notoriously complex and has historically been accessible only to a select few. This exclusivity presents a challenge for those outside the field who wish to explore the possibilities of quantum technologies. Recognizing this gap, the potential of ChatGPT to make quantum computing more approachable and understandable to non-experts can be explored. This exploration is not just about enhancing the functionality of ChatGPT but about envisioning a future where quantum computing is accessible to all, transforming the landscape of computation and innovation. This research serves as an initial validation of the potential for large language models to act as an accessibility layer to quantum computing, having as a design tool the newly created Quantum Buddy 2.0, a custom GPT-4, fine-tuned through iterative feedback and testing. A key part of the study is the development of a set of tasks designed to serve as benchmarks for evaluating the performance of large language models. Among these, one task was designed to enable those without a background in quantum mechanics to solve quantum encryption problems. Another task involved a test comparing Quantum Buddy in its previous versions with the standard model of ChatGPT. This comparison not only highlights the capabilities of these models but also provides insight for future evaluations. By utilizing these models, non-expert participants can now design and create with quantum computing, s, Quantum Buddy 2.0: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-HuukcppqT-quantum-buddy-2-0, Design for Interaction

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost.

This article focuses on the need to involve concepts from different disciplines that involve Theory of Practice (TP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) with different structural elements for an agricultural system in the productivity and quality of the cocoa bean. As well as the indisputable contribution of environmental sciences and philosophical concepts on the same system, where the method applied on this research, from the systematic review, gives rise to a summary of data related to the individual studies applied on each field of interest. Based on the results, on the individual studies, we extract the most relevant articles from the key concepts as a classification scheme to later make the systemic map. The use of this method leads to the description of the general objective, specific objectives, discovery of the knowledge gap and the scientific contribution of the research., El presente artículo centra la necesidad de involucrar conceptos de distintas disciplinas que involucran a la Teoría de la Práctica (TP) y la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) con distintos elementos estructurales para un sistema agrícola en la productividad y calidad del grano de cacao. Así como el aporte indiscutible de las ciencias ambientales y conceptos filosóficos sobre el mismo sistema, en donde el método que se aplica sobre esta investigación, a partir de la revisión sistemática, da lugar a un resumen de datos relacionados con los estudios individuales aplicados sobre cada campo de interés. A partir de los resultados, sobre los estudios individuales, extraemos los artículos más relevantes a partir de los conceptos claves como esquema de clasificación para posteriormente realizar el mapa sistémico. El uso de este método, da lugar a la descripción del objetivo general, objetivos específicos, descubrir la brecha de conocimiento y el aporte científico de la investigación.

This DNP project's objective was to educate home healthcare (HHC) nurses about palliative care/hospice (PC/H) benefits so they can recommend a referral if they believe it would enhance the patient's and family's quality of life. The purpose of the study was to determine if providing additional education to HHC nurses improves their perceptions of palliative care and hospice knowledge. The HHC nurses at one organization were provided with an information sheet, a consent form, demographic inquiries, and a pre-survey and instructed to review an evidence-based educational module. Upon completion of the module, participants were requested to complete a post-survey. After 30 days, a subsequent post-survey was distributed to the participants.The data indicate that the participants acquired knowledge after the initial post-survey and demonstrated retention of the information after 30 days following the second post-survey. The statistical analysis of the mean Likert Scale score indicated significant findings (t=-5.914, p..

This article focuses on the need to involve concepts from different disciplines that involve Theory of Practice (TP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) with different structural elements for an agricultural system in the productivity and quality of the cocoa bean. As well as the indisputable contribution of environmental sciences and philosophical concepts on the same system, where the method applied on this research, from the systematic review, gives rise to a summary of data related to the individual studies applied on each field of interest. Based on the results, on the individual studies, we extract the most relevant articles from the key concepts as a classification scheme to later make the systemic map. The use of this method leads to the description of the general objective, specific objectives, discovery of the knowledge gap and the scientific contribution of the research., El presente artículo centra la necesidad de involucrar conceptos de distintas disciplinas que involucran a la Teoría de la Práctica (TP) y la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) con distintos elementos estructurales para un sistema agrícola en la productividad y calidad del grano de cacao. Así como el aporte indiscutible de las ciencias ambientales y conceptos filosóficos sobre el mismo sistema, en donde el método que se aplica sobre esta investigación, a partir de la revisión sistemática, da lugar a un resumen de datos relacionados con los estudios individuales aplicados sobre cada campo de interés. A partir de los resultados, sobre los estudios individuales, extraemos los artículos más relevantes a partir de los conceptos claves como esquema de clasificación para posteriormente realizar el mapa sistémico. El uso de este método, da lugar a la descripción del objetivo general, objetivos específicos, descubrir la brecha de conocimiento y el aporte científico de la investigación.

This article focuses on the need to involve concepts from different disciplines that involve Theory of Practice (TP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) with different structural elements for an agricultural system in the productivity and quality of the cocoa bean. As well as the indisputable contribution of environmental sciences and philosophical concepts on the same system, where the method applied on this research, from the systematic review, gives rise to a summary of data related to the individual studies applied on each field of interest. Based on the results, on the individual studies, we extract the most relevant articles from the key concepts as a classification scheme to later make the systemic map. The use of this method leads to the description of the general objective, specific objectives, discovery of the knowledge gap and the scientific contribution of the research., El presente artículo centra la necesidad de involucrar conceptos de distintas disciplinas que involucran a la Teoría de la Práctica (TP) y la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) con distintos elementos estructurales para un sistema agrícola en la productividad y calidad del grano de cacao. Así como el aporte indiscutible de las ciencias ambientales y conceptos filosóficos sobre el mismo sistema, en donde el método que se aplica sobre esta investigación, a partir de la revisión sistemática, da lugar a un resumen de datos relacionados con los estudios individuales aplicados sobre cada campo de interés. A partir de los resultados, sobre los estudios individuales, extraemos los artículos más relevantes a partir de los conceptos claves como esquema de clasificación para posteriormente realizar el mapa sistémico. El uso de este método, da lugar a la descripción del objetivo general, objetivos específicos, descubrir la brecha de conocimiento y el aporte científico de la investigación.

Dark patterns have the ability to influence unconscious decision-making of users and manipulate them to make decisions that go against their own interests. While dark patterns have led to an increase in sales and optimization of advertisement within companies, the users are affected negatively since they don’t reach their goal with the interface interaction and may be forced to navigate in complicated interfaces or be lured into doing impulsive purchases. Despite numerous negative consequences for the users, dark patterns are frequently found in interfaces. This study investigates this problem by focusing on the UX designer’s role in this, and thereby aims to answer the following questions: What ethical responsibility does UX designers consider themselves to have, in terms of the use of dark patterns? How do UX designers experience that individual practice, organizational practice and applied ethics, according to the framework by Gray and Chivukula (2019), affect the use of dark patterns? The study also investigates if the framework completely covers the design complexity of UX designers in relation to dark patterns. These questions are answered by conducting five semi-structured interviews with professional UX designers. The results showed that organizational practice have the biggest influence on the use of dark patterns by UX designers. Individual practice may inhibit the use of dark patterns and applied ethics can affect the work style of UX designers. During the analysis of the research result, yet another factor was identified. This finding considered the structure of society as a factor greatly affecting a UX designer and also the use of dark patterns. This study therefore aims to further develop the framework by Gray and Chivukula and take the structure of society in to consideration., Dark patterns har en förmåga att påverka användares undermedvetna beslutstaganden och manipulera användaren till att fatta beslut som går emot dennes egenintresse. Samtidigt som dark patterns har lett till ökad försäljning samt optimerade reklaminsatser hos företagen, drabbas användarna negativt då de inte uppnår målet med interaktionen och bland annat tvingas navigera i komplicerade gränssnitt eller lockas till impulsköp. Trots flertalet negativa konsekvenser för användarna är dark patterns vanligt förekommande. Den här studien undersöker denna problematik genom att fokusera på UX-designerns roll och därmed syftar studien till att besvara följande frågor. Vilket etiskt ansvar anser sig UX-designers ha kring användningen av dark patterns? Hur upplever UX-designers att individens praxis, organisationens praxis och tillämpad etik, enligt Gray och Chivukulas relationsmodell (2019), påverkar användningen av dark patterns? Studien undersöker även om relationsmodellen är heltäckande och fångar UX-designers designkomplexitet i förhållande till dark patterns. Studien besvarar dessa frågor genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma UX-designers. Resultatet visade att organisationens praxis (B) har störst påverkan på att UX-designers använder dark patterns. Individens praxis (A), kan istället hämma användningen av dark patterns medan inhämtad kunskap om etik (C) har påverkan på UX-designers arbetssätt. Under analysen identifierades ytterligare en huvudfaktor, samhällsstruktur, som också har stor påverkan på en UX-designer och därmed även på användningen av dark patterns. Studiens forskningsbidrag är därigenom en vidareutveckling av Gray och Chivukulas relationsmodell som tar samhällsstrukturerna i beaktande.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new evolving approach within the networking domain. The concept is based on decoupling and abstracting the control and data plane of the traditional network devices. This separation facilitates the network operations with many benefits such as faster delivery, better segmentation, scalability, programmability, enhancing the quality of service and the quality of experience. Despite all the benefits, SDN has its own set of challenges. The purpose of this study is to explore the main challenges in adopting SDN architecture in Swedish organizations. The focus is on the skills gap as one of the main challenges and how Swedish organizations were able to manage it. A qualitative approach has been chosen to conduct this research using semi-structured interviews to collect the data from seven different organizations, using a mixture of a purposive and snowball sampling selection. A thematic approach was then used to generate categories and themes from the collected data. The results are consistent with previous studies when it comes to technical, financial and security challenges. The technical challenges, however, were fewer in comparison with previous studies. A new way of working was presented as a new challenge when implementing SDN solutions. Furthermore, the knowledge gap was mentioned as a key challenge within Swedish organizations when implementing/operating SDN. Finally, clear recommendations were made to overcome the knowledge gap challenge, from consulting a third-party expert, having a detailed plan, employing a multiphase process for SDN implementation, to having an online learning platform available to the IT team., Software-Defined Networking (SDN) är en framväxande teknik inom nätverksdomänen. Konceptet är baserat på att frikoppla och abstrahera kontrollplan och dataplan för de traditionella nätverksenheterna. Separationen underlättar nätverksdrift och ger många fördelar såsom, snabbare leverans, bättre segmentering, skalbarhet, förbättrade kvalitet på tjänsten och kvalitet på upplevelsen. Trots många fördelar har SDN också utmaningar. Syftet med denna studie är att utforska de största utmaningarna med att implementera SDN-arkitektur i svenska organisationer. Fokus ligger på kunskapsklyftan som är en av de tidigare identifierade huvudutmaningarna, och hur svenska organisationer har hanterat dessa. En kvalitativ metod har valts för att genomföra denna studie med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in data från sju olika organisationer, med hjälp av en blandning av målinriktat och snöbollsurval. En tematisk metod användes sedan för att generera kategorier och teman från den insamlade datan. Resultaten överensstämmer med tidigare studier när det gäller tekniska, ekonomiska och säkerhetsmässiga utmaningar. De tekniska utmaningarna var dock färre jämfört med tidigare studier. Ett nytt arbetssätt presenterades som en ny utmaning vid implementering av en SDN-lösning. Dessutom, nämndes kunskapsklyftan som en central utmaning inom svenska organisationer vid implementering och drift av SDN. Slutligen presenterades tydliga rekommendationer för att övervinna utmaningen med kunskapsgapet, från att konsultera en tredje part, att ha en tydlig plan, använda en flerfasprocess för SDN-implementering samt att ha en digital utbildningsplattform tillgänglig för IT-teamet.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a technology that enables to print three dimensional solid objects which can be metal, plastic, and similar. AM has a lot of advantages such as lead time reduction and reduction in the number of steps required for manufacturing compared to the traditional manufacturing (TM) method. This research is focused on adoption of AM in the food manufacturing industry. The use of AM in the food industry currently seems to be low. Therefore, the main aim of the research is to understand adoption of AM through marketing, sales, and after-sales strategies, which can be best suited for introduction and saturation of AM products and applications in the food industry. The primary data is gathered from the potential customers (experts from the food industry), sales personnel who sell products and machinery in the food industry and the employees of the sponsor company, and it consists of thirteen different interviews. Qualitative interviews were conducted to obtain an in-depth knowledge about the perceptions and perspectives of AM in the food industry. AM has the potential to be adopted as the main manufacturing method for spare parts in the food industry. But, considering the market today, the potential of adoption seems to be wasted. Three different analyses help in determining the current situation of the AM industry and help to understand the potential that AM brings to the food industry. Outcomes of the qualitative interviews present the researchers with in-depth knowledge of facilitators and barriers that AM companies may face when approaching customers from the food industry. Outcomes of the qualitative interviews also suggest that there is limited knowledge about AM in the food industry. There is also a knowledge gap about the regulations and possibilities to use AM in the food industry based on these regulations. Indeed, food manufacturers are interested in the adoption of newer technologies and present the researchers with the formation of

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a technology that enables to print three dimensional solid objects which can be metal, plastic, and similar. AM has a lot of advantages such as lead time reduction and reduction in the number of steps required for manufacturing compared to the traditional manufacturing (TM) method. This research is focused on adoption of AM in the food manufacturing industry. The use of AM in the food industry currently seems to be low. Therefore, the main aim of the research is to understand adoption of AM through marketing, sales, and after-sales strategies, which can be best suited for introduction and saturation of AM products and applications in the food industry. The primary data is gathered from the potential customers (experts from the food industry), sales personnel who sell products and machinery in the food industry and the employees of the sponsor company, and it consists of thirteen different interviews. Qualitative interviews were conducted to obtain an in-depth knowledge about the perceptions and perspectives of AM in the food industry. AM has the potential to be adopted as the main manufacturing method for spare parts in the food industry. But, considering the market today, the potential of adoption seems to be wasted. Three different analyses help in determining the current situation of the AM industry and help to understand the potential that AM brings to the food industry. Outcomes of the qualitative interviews present the researchers with in-depth knowledge of facilitators and barriers that AM companies may face when approaching customers from the food industry. Outcomes of the qualitative interviews also suggest that there is limited knowledge about AM in the food industry. There is also a knowledge gap about the regulations and possibilities to use AM in the food industry based on these regulations. Indeed, food manufacturers are interested in the adoption of newer technologies and present the researchers with the formation of

Background Unmet community mobility needs of older adults, published since the announcement of the UN sustainable development goals was synthesised to describe the health equity characteristics of research identifying unmet community mobility needs of older adults. Methods Searches were conducted in March and April 2020, 2275 articles were screened and 100 identified for data extraction. Results Findings showed underrepresentation of articles considering rural settings [9%] and originating in the global South [14%]. Gender, disability, education, and transport / driving were identified as key health equity characteristics and only 10 articles provided detail on all four of these. External factors inhibiting community mobility included built environments, service availability, and societal attitudes. Internal factors included finances, fear and apprehension, and functional limitations. Conclusions The need for standardised reporting of participant characteristics in the community mobility of older adults was highlighted. These characteristics are required by research consumers to judge equity dimensions, and the extent to which findings represent minority or marginalised groups. 15 after the UN pledge to reduce inequalities, peer reviewed primary research does not reflect a global drive to end discrimination, exclusion and reduce the inequalities and vulnerabilities that leave people behind., A Correction to this article was published on 12 January 2023After publication of this article , the authors reported that in the abstract, paragraph Conclusions, the 3rd sentence should not start with “15”, but with “Fifteen years”.The original article has been corrected.https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-022-03600-8

IntroductionThis study describes perceived knowledge gaps of third-year medical students after participating in a virtual surgical didactic rotation (EMLR) and shortened in-person surgery rotation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.MethodsOpen-ended and Likert questions were administered at the end of the virtual rotation and inperson-surgical rotation to medical students. Three blinded coders identified themes by semantic analysis.Results82 students (51% of all MS3s) participated in the EMLR. Semantic analysis revealed gaps in perioperative management (Post-EMLR:18.4%, Post-Inpatient:26.5%), anatomy (Post-EMLR:8.2%, PostInpatient:26.5%). and surgical skills (Post-EMLR: 43.0%, Post-Inpatient: 44.1%). Students also described gaps related to OR etiquette (Post-EMLR: 12.2%, Post-Inpatient: 8.8%) and team dynamics/the hidden curriculum (Post- Inpatient:26.6%). There was a significant improvement in perceived confidence to perform inpatient tasks after completing the inpatient clinical experience (p ≤ 0.01).ConclusionVirtual interactive didactics for cognitive skills development cannot replace a full clinical surgical experience for third-year medical students. Future curricula should address perceived gaps.

Kriminalvården är en myndighet som på senare tid fått mycket uppmärksamhet i media. Myndigheten står inför stora utmaningar avseende plats- och resursbrist och behöver anställa 4 000 personer till år 2025. Det har genomförts flertalet studier kring vårdande och rättsliga myndigheter hur de agerar och verkar under press. Rättsvårdande myndigheter som Kriminalvården har inte studerats i samma omfattning. Myndigheten har en central funktion med ett samhällsviktigt uppdrag och kunskap inom området är högst relevant. Därför avser denna studie fylla en kunskapslucka som råder, genom att öka förståelse för den profession som arbetar klientnära inom en av rättsväsendets myndigheter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka värden och handlingsmönster som framträder hos kriminalvårdare när de står inför utmaningar. Studien är genomförd via kvalitativ metod och Utförd inom några utav Kriminalvårdens häkten och anstalter, med fokus på kriminalvårdare som utför klientnära arbete. Studiens ansats är induktiv som innebär att utefter kriminalvårdarnas upplevelser har olika teman identifierats och analyserats. Som referensram användes Lipskys (2010) teori om närbyråkraten och etisk stress via Bengtsell, Thoursie och Åstrand Freidlitz (2021). Studien visar att säkerheten är ett överordnat värde inom Kriminalvården samt vikten av att inneha en humanistisk människosyn för klient påverkan. Det mest framträdande handlingsmönstret är sammanhållningen mellan kriminalvårdare för att hantera utmaningarna som de möter i sin vardag. Detta visar att kriminalvårdare innehar egenskaper både som närbyråkrat och byråkrat. En unik yrkesroll som inte förekommer inom andra närliggande områden., The Correctional Service is an authority that has recently received a lot of attention in the media. The authority is facing major challenges regarding lack of space and resources and needs to employ 4,000 people by the year 2025. Several studies have been carried out about care and judicial authorities and how they act and operate under pressure. Law enforcement agencies such as the Correctional Service have not been studied to the same extent. The authority has a central function with an important mission in society, knowledge in the area is highly relevant. Therefore, this study intends to fill a gap of knowledge that exists, by increasing understanding of the profession that works close to clients within one of the judicial authorities. The purpose of the study was to investigate which values and action patterns that appears in the role of correctional officers when they are faced with challenges. The study was carried out via a qualitative method and carried out within some of the Correctional Service's prisons and institutions, with a focus on correctional officers who perform clientrelated work. The study's approach is inductive, which means that based on the experiences of the correctional officers, various themes have been identified and analyzed. Lipsky's (2010) theory of the street-level bureaucrat and ethical stress via Bengtsell, Thoursie and Åstrand Freidlitz (2021) was used as a frame of reference. The study shows that safety is an overriding value within the Correctional Service, as well as the importance of having a humanistic view of people when influencing clients. The most prominent pattern of action is the cohesion between correctional officers to deal with the challenges they face in their everyday lives. This shows that correctional officers possess characteristics both as street-level bureaucrat and bureaucrat. A unique professional role that does not occur in other related fields.

Kriminalvården är en myndighet som på senare tid fått mycket uppmärksamhet i media. Myndigheten står inför stora utmaningar avseende plats- och resursbrist och behöver anställa 4 000 personer till år 2025. Det har genomförts flertalet studier kring vårdande och rättsliga myndigheter hur de agerar och verkar under press. Rättsvårdande myndigheter som Kriminalvården har inte studerats i samma omfattning. Myndigheten har en central funktion med ett samhällsviktigt uppdrag och kunskap inom området är högst relevant. Därför avser denna studie fylla en kunskapslucka som råder, genom att öka förståelse för den profession som arbetar klientnära inom en av rättsväsendets myndigheter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka värden och handlingsmönster som framträder hos kriminalvårdare när de står inför utmaningar. Studien är genomförd via kvalitativ metod och Utförd inom några utav Kriminalvårdens häkten och anstalter, med fokus på kriminalvårdare som utför klientnära arbete. Studiens ansats är induktiv som innebär att utefter kriminalvårdarnas upplevelser har olika teman identifierats och analyserats. Som referensram användes Lipskys (2010) teori om närbyråkraten och etisk stress via Bengtsell, Thoursie och Åstrand Freidlitz (2021). Studien visar att säkerheten är ett överordnat värde inom Kriminalvården samt vikten av att inneha en humanistisk människosyn för klient påverkan. Det mest framträdande handlingsmönstret är sammanhållningen mellan kriminalvårdare för att hantera utmaningarna som de möter i sin vardag. Detta visar att kriminalvårdare innehar egenskaper både som närbyråkrat och byråkrat. En unik yrkesroll som inte förekommer inom andra närliggande områden., The Correctional Service is an authority that has recently received a lot of attention in the media. The authority is facing major challenges regarding lack of space and resources and needs to employ 4,000 people by the year 2025. Several studies have been carried out about care and judicial authorities and how they act and operate under pressure. Law enforcement agencies such as the Correctional Service have not been studied to the same extent. The authority has a central function with an important mission in society, knowledge in the area is highly relevant. Therefore, this study intends to fill a gap of knowledge that exists, by increasing understanding of the profession that works close to clients within one of the judicial authorities. The purpose of the study was to investigate which values and action patterns that appears in the role of correctional officers when they are faced with challenges. The study was carried out via a qualitative method and carried out within some of the Correctional Service's prisons and institutions, with a focus on correctional officers who perform clientrelated work. The study's approach is inductive, which means that based on the experiences of the correctional officers, various themes have been identified and analyzed. Lipsky's (2010) theory of the street-level bureaucrat and ethical stress via Bengtsell, Thoursie and Åstrand Freidlitz (2021) was used as a frame of reference. The study shows that safety is an overriding value within the Correctional Service, as well as the importance of having a humanistic view of people when influencing clients. The most prominent pattern of action is the cohesion between correctional officers to deal with the challenges they face in their everyday lives. This shows that correctional officers possess characteristics both as street-level bureaucrat and bureaucrat. A unique professional role that does not occur in other related fields.

Background Unmet community mobility needs of older adults, published since the announcement of the UN sustainable development goals was synthesised to describe the health equity characteristics of research identifying unmet community mobility needs of older adults. Methods Searches were conducted in March and April 2020, 2275 articles were screened and 100 identified for data extraction. Results Findings showed underrepresentation of articles considering rural settings [9%] and originating in the global South [14%]. Gender, disability, education, and transport / driving were identified as key health equity characteristics and only 10 articles provided detail on all four of these. External factors inhibiting community mobility included built environments, service availability, and societal attitudes. Internal factors included finances, fear and apprehension, and functional limitations. Conclusions The need for standardised reporting of participant characteristics in the community mobility of older adults was highlighted. These characteristics are required by research consumers to judge equity dimensions, and the extent to which findings represent minority or marginalised groups. 15 after the UN pledge to reduce inequalities, peer reviewed primary research does not reflect a global drive to end discrimination, exclusion and reduce the inequalities and vulnerabilities that leave people behind., A Correction to this article was published on 12 January 2023After publication of this article , the authors reported that in the abstract, paragraph Conclusions, the 3rd sentence should not start with “15”, but with “Fifteen years”.The original article has been corrected.https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-022-03600-8

Dark patterns have the ability to influence unconscious decision-making of users and manipulate them to make decisions that go against their own interests. While dark patterns have led to an increase in sales and optimization of advertisement within companies, the users are affected negatively since they don’t reach their goal with the interface interaction and may be forced to navigate in complicated interfaces or be lured into doing impulsive purchases. Despite numerous negative consequences for the users, dark patterns are frequently found in interfaces. This study investigates this problem by focusing on the UX designer’s role in this, and thereby aims to answer the following questions: What ethical responsibility does UX designers consider themselves to have, in terms of the use of dark patterns? How do UX designers experience that individual practice, organizational practice and applied ethics, according to the framework by Gray and Chivukula (2019), affect the use of dark patterns? The study also investigates if the framework completely covers the design complexity of UX designers in relation to dark patterns. These questions are answered by conducting five semi-structured interviews with professional UX designers. The results showed that organizational practice have the biggest influence on the use of dark patterns by UX designers. Individual practice may inhibit the use of dark patterns and applied ethics can affect the work style of UX designers. During the analysis of the research result, yet another factor was identified. This finding considered the structure of society as a factor greatly affecting a UX designer and also the use of dark patterns. This study therefore aims to further develop the framework by Gray and Chivukula and take the structure of society in to consideration., Dark patterns har en förmåga att påverka användares undermedvetna beslutstaganden och manipulera användaren till att fatta beslut som går emot dennes egenintresse. Samtidigt som dark patterns har lett till ökad försäljning samt optimerade reklaminsatser hos företagen, drabbas användarna negativt då de inte uppnår målet med interaktionen och bland annat tvingas navigera i komplicerade gränssnitt eller lockas till impulsköp. Trots flertalet negativa konsekvenser för användarna är dark patterns vanligt förekommande. Den här studien undersöker denna problematik genom att fokusera på UX-designerns roll och därmed syftar studien till att besvara följande frågor. Vilket etiskt ansvar anser sig UX-designers ha kring användningen av dark patterns? Hur upplever UX-designers att individens praxis, organisationens praxis och tillämpad etik, enligt Gray och Chivukulas relationsmodell (2019), påverkar användningen av dark patterns? Studien undersöker även om relationsmodellen är heltäckande och fångar UX-designers designkomplexitet i förhållande till dark patterns. Studien besvarar dessa frågor genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma UX-designers. Resultatet visade att organisationens praxis (B) har störst påverkan på att UX-designers använder dark patterns. Individens praxis (A), kan istället hämma användningen av dark patterns medan inhämtad kunskap om etik (C) har påverkan på UX-designers arbetssätt. Under analysen identifierades ytterligare en huvudfaktor, samhällsstruktur, som också har stor påverkan på en UX-designer och därmed även på användningen av dark patterns. Studiens forskningsbidrag är därigenom en vidareutveckling av Gray och Chivukulas relationsmodell som tar samhällsstrukturerna i beaktande.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new evolving approach within the networking domain. The concept is based on decoupling and abstracting the control and data plane of the traditional network devices. This separation facilitates the network operations with many benefits such as faster delivery, better segmentation, scalability, programmability, enhancing the quality of service and the quality of experience. Despite all the benefits, SDN has its own set of challenges. The purpose of this study is to explore the main challenges in adopting SDN architecture in Swedish organizations. The focus is on the skills gap as one of the main challenges and how Swedish organizations were able to manage it. A qualitative approach has been chosen to conduct this research using semi-structured interviews to collect the data from seven different organizations, using a mixture of a purposive and snowball sampling selection. A thematic approach was then used to generate categories and themes from the collected data. The results are consistent with previous studies when it comes to technical, financial and security challenges. The technical challenges, however, were fewer in comparison with previous studies. A new way of working was presented as a new challenge when implementing SDN solutions. Furthermore, the knowledge gap was mentioned as a key challenge within Swedish organizations when implementing/operating SDN. Finally, clear recommendations were made to overcome the knowledge gap challenge, from consulting a third-party expert, having a detailed plan, employing a multiphase process for SDN implementation, to having an online learning platform available to the IT team., Software-Defined Networking (SDN) är en framväxande teknik inom nätverksdomänen. Konceptet är baserat på att frikoppla och abstrahera kontrollplan och dataplan för de traditionella nätverksenheterna. Separationen underlättar nätverksdrift och ger många fördelar såsom, snabbare leverans, bättre segmentering, skalbarhet, förbättrade kvalitet på tjänsten och kvalitet på upplevelsen. Trots många fördelar har SDN också utmaningar. Syftet med denna studie är att utforska de största utmaningarna med att implementera SDN-arkitektur i svenska organisationer. Fokus ligger på kunskapsklyftan som är en av de tidigare identifierade huvudutmaningarna, och hur svenska organisationer har hanterat dessa. En kvalitativ metod har valts för att genomföra denna studie med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in data från sju olika organisationer, med hjälp av en blandning av målinriktat och snöbollsurval. En tematisk metod användes sedan för att generera kategorier och teman från den insamlade datan. Resultaten överensstämmer med tidigare studier när det gäller tekniska, ekonomiska och säkerhetsmässiga utmaningar. De tekniska utmaningarna var dock färre jämfört med tidigare studier. Ett nytt arbetssätt presenterades som en ny utmaning vid implementering av en SDN-lösning. Dessutom, nämndes kunskapsklyftan som en central utmaning inom svenska organisationer vid implementering och drift av SDN. Slutligen presenterades tydliga rekommendationer för att övervinna utmaningen med kunskapsgapet, från att konsultera en tredje part, att ha en tydlig plan, använda en flerfasprocess för SDN-implementering samt att ha en digital utbildningsplattform tillgänglig för IT-teamet.

We document large gaps between parents knowledge and school reports of students attendance and grades. Sending frequent text messages with information on attendance, grades and school behavior shrinks those gaps. Parents of at-risk students adjust their understanding of their children's performance to the greatest degree. High-frequency text messages had positive impacts on grades and attendance. Math GPA increased 0.08 of a standard deviation; the probability of earning a passing grade in math increased by 2.7 percentage points (relative to a mean of 90 percent). The intervention also reduced school absenteeism by 1 percentage point and increased the share of students who met attendance requirements for grade promotion by 4.5 percentage points.

We conducted an experiment in low-income schools in Chile to test the effects and behavioral changes triggered by a program that sends attendance, grade, and classroom behavior information to parents via weekly and monthly text messages. Our 18-month intervention raised average math GPA by 0.08 of a standard deviation and increased the share of students satisfying attendance requirements for grade promotion by 4.5 percentage points. Treatment effects were larger for students at higher risk of later grade retention and dropout. Leveraging existing school inputs for a light-touch, costeffective, and scalable information intervention can improve education outcomes in lower-income settings.

Bakgrund: Vi är nu för tiden vana vid att använda oss av digitala hjälpmedel vid matematiska beräkningar. Detta tycks ha trängt undan behovet av standardalgoritmerna och andra skriftliga beräkningsmetoder. Är det så att dessa traditionella beräkningsmetoder har gått ur tiden? Kan digitala hjälpmedel ersätta alla delar som dessa metoder har bidragit till om vi ser till utvecklandet av matematisk förståelse? Min uppfattning är att det inte är så, utan att algoritmer och andra skriftliga beräkningsmetoder fortfarande har en viktig roll att spela i elevers utveckling av den matematiska förståelsen. Syfte: Att undersöka hur man presenterar och återkopplar till skriftliga beräkningsmetoder och standardalgoritmer i matematikböcker från förskoleklass till gymnasiet. Metod: Studien är konstruerad utifrån en läroboksanalys där både en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ undersökning gjorts för att inringa både de övergripande strukturer som funnits i materialet, samt för att kunna se mer svåråtkomliga inslag, överlappningar och brister i det analyserade materialet. Tidigare forskning och litteratur inom området har beskrivits och löpande analyserats för att ge en bild av vad som sticker ut respektive överlappar åsikts- och resultatmässigt i de valda studierna och texterna. Resultat: Studien visar på en brist i matematikböckernas återkoppling till tidigare kunskaper. De kunskaper som främst är i fokus är de som rör standardalgoritmer och andra skriftliga beräkningsmetoder, men liknande brister går att se även inom andra matematiska områden. Bristen på återkoppling förekommer i merparten av de analyserade matematikböckerna och ger ett intryck av att fokus har förskjutits från algoritmkunskap till att eleven skall arbeta med digitala hjälpmedel. Det blir dock tydligt att även denna kunskap, om digitala hjälpmedel, inte heller prioriteras högt. Detta kan man se genom att beskrivningar av användning av digitala hjälpmedel förekommer mycket sparsamt i de analyserade matematikböckerna. S, Background: Nowadays digital tools, like calculators, are what we mainly use in our mathematical calculations. This has, seemingly, pushed away our need for other methods of calculation. We appear not to be in need of standard algorithms and other written calculating processes. Does this mean that these calculating processes are a thing of the past? Can digitals tools replace all parts contributed by the traditional methods from the perspective of development ofmathematical understanding? My point of view is that this is not the case. Instead, I believe that these “out of time” methods are highly important in the development of mathematical understanding. Purpose: To examine the way books of mathematics from first year of school all the way through the Swedish gymnasium courses, presents and reconnect to knowledge of written calculating methods and standard algorithms. Method: This study is constructed through an analysis of books of mathematics where both a qualitative and a quantitative part are included to cover both the overall structures of knowledge mediation in the analysed books and to find the more subtle elements, like knowledge overlaps or knowledge faults in the analysed books. Prior research and literature on the subject have been described and continuously analysed with the purpose to find opinions that stands out and also to find overlapping opinions or results, when comparing the chosen studies and texts. Result: The study points to a lack of reconnection to earlier knowledge in the analysed books. Foremost this concerns knowledge of standard algorithms and other types of written calculating methods, but a similar lack of reconnection is also seen within other areas of mathematics in the analysed books. The lack of reconnection occurs in most of the analysed books which gives an impression of focus being shifted from knowledge of algorithms and other written calculating methods to the advantage of digital tools. It does, however, also become clear th

Intermittent faults/errors are infamous for being among the most challenging errors to diagnose. It is estimated that more than 80% of the total number of errors in real systems are intermittent errors. Previous research on intermittent errors suggests that they are the prelude to permanent faults. There seems to be a vast knowledge gap in general regarding intermittent errors, both in academia and industry. The term "No Fault Found" might have ingrained a culture of acceptance regarding faults that intermittent errors might cause. This master thesis aims to develop a generic algorithm for diagnostics of intermittent errors that allows for the early isolation of failing sensors, especially at the end of their life spans. It is desirable that Scania can identify intermittent errors efficiently to save maintenance costs and keep customer satisfaction high. Multiple intermittent error detection and diagnostics methods have been produced and tested through simulations in MATLAB. The results suggest that the most important factors when introducing algorithms for intermittent error detection are the sensors' self-diagnostic capabilities and their communication protocol. The developed algorithms can be used for efficient fault isolation, obtaining valuable data for research, and triggering Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) when the impact of the errors is too significant, which allows for proactive replacement. If the algorithms are introduced as suggested in this master thesis, the knowledge gap can be filled. Consequently, Scania can use the increased knowledge to further improve the algorithms for better detection of intermittent errors and increase the overall performance of Scania vehicles., Intermittenta fel definieras som fel som ”kommer och går” i ett maskinsystem under dess livslängd och de har ett rykte att vara bland de svåraste felen att diagnostisera. Fel av intermittent karaktär existerar ofta oupptäckta trots att det har uppskattats att mer än 80% av det totala antalet fel i komponenter är intermittenta fel. Tidigare forskning om intermittenta fel tyder på att intermittenta fel, över tid, i princip alltid leder till permanenta fel. Det verkar dessutom finnas en stor kunskapslucka angående effekten och systempåverkan av intermittenta fel, både inom den akademiska världen och i näringslivet. Vidare kan termen "Inget fel hittats" ha skapat en acceptans-kultur gällande fel i komponenter som intermittenta fel kan ha orsakat. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utveckla en allmän algoritm för diagnostik av intermittenta fel. Algoritmen ska möjliggöra tidig identifiering av sensorer som håller på att gå sönder eller om de intermittenta felen orsakar för stor systempåverkan, vilket är speciellt viktigt i slutet av sensorernas livslängder. Det är önskvärt att Scania effektivt kan identifiera komponenter med intermittenta fel för att spara underhållskostnader och för att hålla kundnöjdheten hög. Flera intermittenta feldetektering- och diagnostikmetoder har utvecklats och testats med hjälp av simuleringar i MATLAB och Simulink. Tre sensorer studerades i detta examensarbete. Sensorerna var avgasmottryck sensorn, hög temperatur sensorn och NOx-sensorn. Avgasmottryck sensorn var en analog sensor medan hög temperatur- och NOx sensorn var digitala sensorer. Dessutom hade alla sensorer olika kommunikationsprotokoll och självdiagnostik möjligheter. För att effektivt kunna utveckla algoritmen kartlades all relevant diagnostik hos de tre sensorerna för att kunna avgöra vilken typ av fel som inte upptäcks av dagens diagnostik. Detta gjordes bland annat genom att studera interna Scania dokumentation och genom att int

In the age of information communication technology, information has become one of the daily needs. Most simply, the information requires at every walk of human life. For both sender and receiver, the piece of information is to be structured and consistent for its right impact. In informal communication, unprocessed and unstructured information gets delivered, which required to be analyzed and processed with a set of skills to obtain the unique meaning. This paper studies the information-seeking behaviour, processing of the information, and information literacy of PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy at Ponda Goa. This paper aims to study the students' literacy level on the various academic aspects, including technical writings, modern writing tools, techniques, ethical use of information, and standard protocols and referencing, which are necessary in effective scholarly communications.

Redovisning av hållbarhetsaspekter är ett verktyg som varit under utveckling en längre tid. Bådesamhället och intressenterna har börjat ställa krav på att företag måste ta sitt ansvar och visaupp hur de redovisar hållbarhet. Allt fler företag väljer att upprätta någon form avhållbarhetsredovisning och år 2017 kom det ett EU-direktiv om att även större företag skulleupprätta en hållbarhetsrapport. Rapporterna var då menade att ge mer öppenhet ochjämförbarhet. De flesta företagen formar dock rapporterna på olika sätt. Det blir med andra ordsvårt för intressenter och samhället att jämföra de olika rapporterna mellan varandra, samtidigtsom det blir svårt att avgöra om rapporten är trovärdig eller inte. Granskningen av rapportenkan öka trovärdigheten. Granskningen av rapporten har även fallit under revisorns roll på grundav att de redan sköter den finansiella granskningen. När revisorn signerar hållbarhetsrapportenförväntar sig även intressenterna att innehållet ska vara trovärdigt.Då revisorernas roll och intresset kring hållbarhet ständigt utvecklas syftar vår studie att ta redapå om revisorernas utbildning kan bidra till en utvecklad profession inom hållbarhet. Vår studieutgår från professionsteorin samt tidigare studier som identifierade fyra huvudsakligautmaningar vid granskning av hållbarhetsrapporter i form av kvalitativ information,transparens, kunskapsglapp och trovärdighet. Vår studie utgår ifrån revisorernas utbildning somanses bidra till att revisorerna får kunskapsverktyg som kan användas undergranskningsprocessen för att hantera utmaningar. Det ger oss förståelse om framtida revisorerbehöver mer utbildning inom hållbarhet eller om revisorerna redan anser att de besittertillräcklig kunskap inom hållbarhet för att kunna bidra till en utvecklad profession inomgranskningen av hållbarhetsrapporten. Informationen har samlats in genom femsemistrukturerade intervjuer, där respondenterna är fyra revisorer och en är specialist inomhållbarhet.Slutsatserna i vår studie, Accounting for sustainability aspects is a tool that has been in development for a long time.Both society and stakeholders have begun to demand that companies must take responsibilityand show how they report sustainability. More and more companies are choosing to draw upsome form of sustainability accounting and in 2017 an EU directive was issued, regarding thateven larger companies should draw up a sustainability report. The reports were then meant toprovide more transparency and comparability. However, most companies shape the reports indifferent ways. In other words, it will be difficult for stakeholders and society to compare thedifferent reports between each other, while at the same time it will be difficult to determinewhether the report is credible or not. The review of the report can increase credibility. The auditof the report has also fallen under the role of the auditor since they are already conducting thefinancial audit. When the auditor signs the sustainability report, stakeholders also expect thecontent to be credible.As the role of auditors and interest in sustainability is constantly evolving, our study aims tofind out whether the auditors' education can contribute to a developed profession insustainability. Our study is based on professional theory and previous studies that identifiedfour main challenges when reviewing sustainability reports in the form of qualitativeinformation, transparency, knowledge gaps and credibility. Our study is based on the auditors'education, which is considered to contribute to the auditors receiving knowledge tools that canbe used during the review process to deal with challenges. This gives us an understanding ofwhether future auditors need more education in sustainability, or if the auditors already believethat they have sufficient knowledge in sustainability, to contribute to a developed professionwithin the review of the sustainability report. The information has been collected through fivesemi-structured interview

Intermittent faults/errors are infamous for being among the most challenging errors to diagnose. It is estimated that more than 80% of the total number of errors in real systems are intermittent errors. Previous research on intermittent errors suggests that they are the prelude to permanent faults. There seems to be a vast knowledge gap in general regarding intermittent errors, both in academia and industry. The term "No Fault Found" might have ingrained a culture of acceptance regarding faults that intermittent errors might cause. This master thesis aims to develop a generic algorithm for diagnostics of intermittent errors that allows for the early isolation of failing sensors, especially at the end of their life spans. It is desirable that Scania can identify intermittent errors efficiently to save maintenance costs and keep customer satisfaction high. Multiple intermittent error detection and diagnostics methods have been produced and tested through simulations in MATLAB. The results suggest that the most important factors when introducing algorithms for intermittent error detection are the sensors' self-diagnostic capabilities and their communication protocol. The developed algorithms can be used for efficient fault isolation, obtaining valuable data for research, and triggering Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) when the impact of the errors is too significant, which allows for proactive replacement. If the algorithms are introduced as suggested in this master thesis, the knowledge gap can be filled. Consequently, Scania can use the increased knowledge to further improve the algorithms for better detection of intermittent errors and increase the overall performance of Scania vehicles., Intermittenta fel definieras som fel som ”kommer och går” i ett maskinsystem under dess livslängd och de har ett rykte att vara bland de svåraste felen att diagnostisera. Fel av intermittent karaktär existerar ofta oupptäckta trots att det har uppskattats att mer än 80% av det totala antalet fel i komponenter är intermittenta fel. Tidigare forskning om intermittenta fel tyder på att intermittenta fel, över tid, i princip alltid leder till permanenta fel. Det verkar dessutom finnas en stor kunskapslucka angående effekten och systempåverkan av intermittenta fel, både inom den akademiska världen och i näringslivet. Vidare kan termen "Inget fel hittats" ha skapat en acceptans-kultur gällande fel i komponenter som intermittenta fel kan ha orsakat. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utveckla en allmän algoritm för diagnostik av intermittenta fel. Algoritmen ska möjliggöra tidig identifiering av sensorer som håller på att gå sönder eller om de intermittenta felen orsakar för stor systempåverkan, vilket är speciellt viktigt i slutet av sensorernas livslängder. Det är önskvärt att Scania effektivt kan identifiera komponenter med intermittenta fel för att spara underhållskostnader och för att hålla kundnöjdheten hög. Flera intermittenta feldetektering- och diagnostikmetoder har utvecklats och testats med hjälp av simuleringar i MATLAB och Simulink. Tre sensorer studerades i detta examensarbete. Sensorerna var avgasmottryck sensorn, hög temperatur sensorn och NOx-sensorn. Avgasmottryck sensorn var en analog sensor medan hög temperatur- och NOx sensorn var digitala sensorer. Dessutom hade alla sensorer olika kommunikationsprotokoll och självdiagnostik möjligheter. För att effektivt kunna utveckla algoritmen kartlades all relevant diagnostik hos de tre sensorerna för att kunna avgöra vilken typ av fel som inte upptäcks av dagens diagnostik. Detta gjordes bland annat genom att studera interna Scania dokumentation och genom att int

The building construction industry accounts for 5% of global energy use and 10% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A primary source of these emissions is the manufacture of building construction materials such as steel, cement, and glass. As aggressive building energy codes push new construction towards net-zero-energy and net-zero-carbon operations, corresponding efforts to reduce embodied energy and carbon from building construction materials must be pursued to achieve the decarbonization goals of the building sector. In the past few decades, progressive building energy codes as well as the underlying research on reducing the operational energy and its related greenhouse gas emissions have stimulated changes of practice in building design and operation. In contrast, strategies to reduce embodied carbon in the substitute remaining life-cycle stages of a building are less defined and studied. The selection of building materials and systems is largely unregulated, as long as minimum health, safety, and performance standards are met. In addition, it is unclear whether we have adequate knowledge infrastructure to incorporate embodied carbon into national model codes. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of existing methods, databases, and tools on embodied carbon studies, and identifies the knowledge gaps. It provides a basis for the governments, academia, industry, and other institutes to collaboratively fill in these gaps and develop standards and codes to decarbonize buildings and their interface with other sectors.

Redovisning av hållbarhetsaspekter är ett verktyg som varit under utveckling en längre tid. Bådesamhället och intressenterna har börjat ställa krav på att företag måste ta sitt ansvar och visaupp hur de redovisar hållbarhet. Allt fler företag väljer att upprätta någon form avhållbarhetsredovisning och år 2017 kom det ett EU-direktiv om att även större företag skulleupprätta en hållbarhetsrapport. Rapporterna var då menade att ge mer öppenhet ochjämförbarhet. De flesta företagen formar dock rapporterna på olika sätt. Det blir med andra ordsvårt för intressenter och samhället att jämföra de olika rapporterna mellan varandra, samtidigtsom det blir svårt att avgöra om rapporten är trovärdig eller inte. Granskningen av rapportenkan öka trovärdigheten. Granskningen av rapporten har även fallit under revisorns roll på grundav att de redan sköter den finansiella granskningen. När revisorn signerar hållbarhetsrapportenförväntar sig även intressenterna att innehållet ska vara trovärdigt.Då revisorernas roll och intresset kring hållbarhet ständigt utvecklas syftar vår studie att ta redapå om revisorernas utbildning kan bidra till en utvecklad profession inom hållbarhet. Vår studieutgår från professionsteorin samt tidigare studier som identifierade fyra huvudsakligautmaningar vid granskning av hållbarhetsrapporter i form av kvalitativ information,transparens, kunskapsglapp och trovärdighet. Vår studie utgår ifrån revisorernas utbildning somanses bidra till att revisorerna får kunskapsverktyg som kan användas undergranskningsprocessen för att hantera utmaningar. Det ger oss förståelse om framtida revisorerbehöver mer utbildning inom hållbarhet eller om revisorerna redan anser att de besittertillräcklig kunskap inom hållbarhet för att kunna bidra till en utvecklad profession inomgranskningen av hållbarhetsrapporten. Informationen har samlats in genom femsemistrukturerade intervjuer, där respondenterna är fyra revisorer och en är specialist inomhållbarhet.Slutsatserna i vår studie, Accounting for sustainability aspects is a tool that has been in development for a long time.Both society and stakeholders have begun to demand that companies must take responsibilityand show how they report sustainability. More and more companies are choosing to draw upsome form of sustainability accounting and in 2017 an EU directive was issued, regarding thateven larger companies should draw up a sustainability report. The reports were then meant toprovide more transparency and comparability. However, most companies shape the reports indifferent ways. In other words, it will be difficult for stakeholders and society to compare thedifferent reports between each other, while at the same time it will be difficult to determinewhether the report is credible or not. The review of the report can increase credibility. The auditof the report has also fallen under the role of the auditor since they are already conducting thefinancial audit. When the auditor signs the sustainability report, stakeholders also expect thecontent to be credible.As the role of auditors and interest in sustainability is constantly evolving, our study aims tofind out whether the auditors' education can contribute to a developed profession insustainability. Our study is based on professional theory and previous studies that identifiedfour main challenges when reviewing sustainability reports in the form of qualitativeinformation, transparency, knowledge gaps and credibility. Our study is based on the auditors'education, which is considered to contribute to the auditors receiving knowledge tools that canbe used during the review process to deal with challenges. This gives us an understanding ofwhether future auditors need more education in sustainability, or if the auditors already believethat they have sufficient knowledge in sustainability, to contribute to a developed professionwithin the review of the sustainability report. The information has been collected through fivesemi-structured interview

Bakgrund: Vi är nu för tiden vana vid att använda oss av digitala hjälpmedel vid matematiska beräkningar. Detta tycks ha trängt undan behovet av standardalgoritmerna och andra skriftliga beräkningsmetoder. Är det så att dessa traditionella beräkningsmetoder har gått ur tiden? Kan digitala hjälpmedel ersätta alla delar som dessa metoder har bidragit till om vi ser till utvecklandet av matematisk förståelse? Min uppfattning är att det inte är så, utan att algoritmer och andra skriftliga beräkningsmetoder fortfarande har en viktig roll att spela i elevers utveckling av den matematiska förståelsen. Syfte: Att undersöka hur man presenterar och återkopplar till skriftliga beräkningsmetoder och standardalgoritmer i matematikböcker från förskoleklass till gymnasiet. Metod: Studien är konstruerad utifrån en läroboksanalys där både en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ undersökning gjorts för att inringa både de övergripande strukturer som funnits i materialet, samt för att kunna se mer svåråtkomliga inslag, överlappningar och brister i det analyserade materialet. Tidigare forskning och litteratur inom området har beskrivits och löpande analyserats för att ge en bild av vad som sticker ut respektive överlappar åsikts- och resultatmässigt i de valda studierna och texterna. Resultat: Studien visar på en brist i matematikböckernas återkoppling till tidigare kunskaper. De kunskaper som främst är i fokus är de som rör standardalgoritmer och andra skriftliga beräkningsmetoder, men liknande brister går att se även inom andra matematiska områden. Bristen på återkoppling förekommer i merparten av de analyserade matematikböckerna och ger ett intryck av att fokus har förskjutits från algoritmkunskap till att eleven skall arbeta med digitala hjälpmedel. Det blir dock tydligt att även denna kunskap, om digitala hjälpmedel, inte heller prioriteras högt. Detta kan man se genom att beskrivningar av användning av digitala hjälpmedel förekommer mycket sparsamt i de analyserade matematikböckerna. S, Background: Nowadays digital tools, like calculators, are what we mainly use in our mathematical calculations. This has, seemingly, pushed away our need for other methods of calculation. We appear not to be in need of standard algorithms and other written calculating processes. Does this mean that these calculating processes are a thing of the past? Can digitals tools replace all parts contributed by the traditional methods from the perspective of development ofmathematical understanding? My point of view is that this is not the case. Instead, I believe that these “out of time” methods are highly important in the development of mathematical understanding. Purpose: To examine the way books of mathematics from first year of school all the way through the Swedish gymnasium courses, presents and reconnect to knowledge of written calculating methods and standard algorithms. Method: This study is constructed through an analysis of books of mathematics where both a qualitative and a quantitative part are included to cover both the overall structures of knowledge mediation in the analysed books and to find the more subtle elements, like knowledge overlaps or knowledge faults in the analysed books. Prior research and literature on the subject have been described and continuously analysed with the purpose to find opinions that stands out and also to find overlapping opinions or results, when comparing the chosen studies and texts. Result: The study points to a lack of reconnection to earlier knowledge in the analysed books. Foremost this concerns knowledge of standard algorithms and other types of written calculating methods, but a similar lack of reconnection is also seen within other areas of mathematics in the analysed books. The lack of reconnection occurs in most of the analysed books which gives an impression of focus being shifted from knowledge of algorithms and other written calculating methods to the advantage of digital tools. It does, however, also become clear th

This study aims to determine the extent of the impact of the relationship when the knowledge gap mediates between the ramifications of conflict and outputs quality Technical and Vocational Education and Training TVET, and to verify the implications of the armed conflict directly and indirectly of in TVET outputs quality in Yemen. This study was based on a mixed methodology quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative study sample was taken in a probabilistic way. The sample consists of (615) respondents, including (60) teachers, (66) employees, and (489) students. Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA was performed used SPSS. The was used Program AMOS to perform confirmatory factor analysis CFA, and by the structural equation modeling (SEM) was analyzed the path of relations between the study variables, checking all kinds of validity, and compound reliability. The qualitative study relied on interviews with (15) academics and employees who are affiliated with TVET and They act represent 3 them focus groups. The study concluded the following results: There is a direct negative relationship between the knowledge gap and TVET outputs quality. This relationship decreases when the knowledge gap mediates between the Ramifications of conflict and TVET outputs quality. and this means that the mediator here is a partial mediator. The results of the study also showed a direct positive relationship between the repercussions of armed conflicts and the knowledge gap.

Curiosity has long been a topic of interest in cognitive science and psychology research. Despite this, little is understood about the relationship between curiosity, behavior, and knowledge acquisition. Several theories propose that curiosity is an innate system of reward mechanism for closing knowledge gaps. This study examined whether observations of curiosity-driven behavior in an information-rich virtual environment could be used to predict knowledge gains without relying on assessment of what specific information led to those gains. A total of 54 participants were asked to complete a task in an online three-dimensional virtual environment, as well as pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results show that the number of contacts with information sources predicts quantifiable knowledge gains without regard to the content of the information sources or qualitative assessment of knowledge gains. Future research should consider how to collect more nuanced data on knowledge gains as well as how qualitative research could be combined with a study such as this to help identify when behavior is driven by innate curiosity or external motivation., Fastän nyfikenhet sedan länge har varit ett forskningsområde inom kognitionsvetenskap och psykologi, är relationen mellan nyfikenhet, beteende och insamlandet av ny kunskap fortfarande inte tydlig. Olika teorier föreslår att nyfikenhet är ett medfött system av belöningsmekanismer i syfte att minska och stänga kunskapsluckor. Denna studie undersökte huruvida observationer av nyfiket beteende i en informationsrik virtuell miljö kunde användas för att predicera kunskapstillökning utan att fastställa vilken specifik information ledde dit. Totalt uppmanades 54 deltagare ombads att genomföra en uppgift i en tredimensionell virtuell miljö online, samt att fylla i pre-test och post-test enkäter. Resultaten visade att antalet kontakter med informationskällor predicerar en kvantifierbar ökning i kunskap oberoende av informationskällornas innehåll eller kvalitativ bedömning av kunskapstillökning. Framtida forskning bör försöka att hitta möjligheter för att samla in mer nyanserade data om kunskapstillökningen samt hur kvalitativ forskning skulle kunna kombineras med en liknande studie för att identifiera när beteende är drivet av medfödd nyfikenhet eller extern motivation.

This study aims to determine the extent of the impact of the relationship when the knowledge gap mediates between the ramifications of conflict and outputs quality Technical and Vocational Education and Training TVET, and to verify the implications of the armed conflict directly and indirectly of in TVET outputs quality in Yemen. This study was based on a mixed methodology quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative study sample was taken in a probabilistic way. The sample consists of (615) respondents, including (60) teachers, (66) employees, and (489) students. Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA was performed used SPSS. The was used Program AMOS to perform confirmatory factor analysis CFA, and by the structural equation modeling (SEM) was analyzed the path of relations between the study variables, checking all kinds of validity, and compound reliability. The qualitative study relied on interviews with (15) academics and employees who are affiliated with TVET and They act represent 3 them focus groups. The study concluded the following results: There is a direct negative relationship between the knowledge gap and TVET outputs quality. This relationship decreases when the knowledge gap mediates between the Ramifications of conflict and TVET outputs quality. and this means that the mediator here is a partial mediator. The results of the study also showed a direct positive relationship between the repercussions of armed conflicts and the knowledge gap.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att genom insamlad empiri och teoretiskt underlag besvara hur business intelligence kan hantera kunskapsklyftor mellan taktisk och strategisk nivå i samband med beslutsprocesser. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer, hermeneutiskt perspektiv och tematisk analys. Studien innefattar sju intervjuer på omkring en till två timmar och innehar informanter med varierande befattningar från ett flertal branscher. Upptäckter: Studien påvisar att BI-systems korrekthet och datakvalitet är av hög betydelse samt att arbetssystem bör utformas efter deltagarnas kunskap och behov. Utmaningar som explicit framhävs är vilken data och i vilken utsträckning datat ska delas mellan olika deltagare för att skapa en så kreativ process som möjligt utan att integritet och effektivitet påverkas negativt. Strategiska aktörer kan med BI använda intuitiva strategier som ett sätt att utvärdera de taktiska aktörernas underlag. Vidare tyder undersökningen på att graden av tillit som ges till taktiska aktörer grundas i aspekter som risk, tidsfönster och möjligheter. Utöver detta indikerar undersökningen på att strategiska aktörer måste hitta en balansgång mellan standardisering och flexibilitet. Strategiska aktörer verkar vilja tillsätta en högre grad av standardisering på arbetssystemen i sig men inte så pass hög grad att de hämmar deltagarnas effektivitet. Vidare verkar kultur, dataflöde och talangförvaltning vara av vital vikt. Ett lämpligt dataflöde medför till att de strategiska aktörerna får en översikt i taktiska aktörers arbetssystem. Vad gäller kultur och talangförvaltning påvisar undersökningen att BI kräver konstant arbete för att främja krossfunktionalitet och därmed få BI som en naturlig och genomsyrande kompetens inom hela organisationen. Originalitet och värde: Studien särskiljer sig genom att fokusera på taktisk respektive strategisk nivå inom organisationer. Studien innefattar även insikter från både taktisk och strategiskt, Purpose: The purpose of this study is through collected empirical and theoretical ground answer how business intelligence can manage the knowledge gap between tactical and strategic levels when it comes to decision making. Method: This is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews, hermeneutic perspective and thematic analysis. The study consists of seven interviews with an estimated length of one to two hours each, with informants from varying sectors and positions. Findings: The study shows that the data quality is of high importance and that work systems should be designed according to the participants' knowledge and needs. Challenges that are explicitly emphasized are which data and to what extent the data should be shared between different participants, in order to create a creative process without having a negative effect on integrity and efficiency. Strategic actors can with BI use intuitive strategies as a means to evaluate the tactical actors' work. Furthermore, the survey indicates that the degree of trust given to tactical actors is based on aspects such as risk, urgency and opportunity. In addition, the survey indicates that strategic actors must find a balance between standardization and flexibility. Strategic actors seem to add a higher degree of standardization to the work systems themselves, but not to such an extent that they hamper the participants' efficiency. Furthermore, culture, data flow and talent management seem to be vital. An appropriate data flow means that the strategic actors get an overview of the tactical actors' work systems. In terms of culture and talent management, the survey shows that BI requires constant work to promote cross-functionality and thus get BI as a natural and ubiquitous competence within the entire organization. Originality and value: The study differs by focusing on tactical and strategic levels within organizations. This study also includes insights from both a tactical and strategic point of view - some

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att genom insamlad empiri och teoretiskt underlag besvara hur business intelligence kan hantera kunskapsklyftor mellan taktisk och strategisk nivå i samband med beslutsprocesser. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer, hermeneutiskt perspektiv och tematisk analys. Studien innefattar sju intervjuer på omkring en till två timmar och innehar informanter med varierande befattningar från ett flertal branscher. Upptäckter: Studien påvisar att BI-systems korrekthet och datakvalitet är av hög betydelse samt att arbetssystem bör utformas efter deltagarnas kunskap och behov. Utmaningar som explicit framhävs är vilken data och i vilken utsträckning datat ska delas mellan olika deltagare för att skapa en så kreativ process som möjligt utan att integritet och effektivitet påverkas negativt. Strategiska aktörer kan med BI använda intuitiva strategier som ett sätt att utvärdera de taktiska aktörernas underlag. Vidare tyder undersökningen på att graden av tillit som ges till taktiska aktörer grundas i aspekter som risk, tidsfönster och möjligheter. Utöver detta indikerar undersökningen på att strategiska aktörer måste hitta en balansgång mellan standardisering och flexibilitet. Strategiska aktörer verkar vilja tillsätta en högre grad av standardisering på arbetssystemen i sig men inte så pass hög grad att de hämmar deltagarnas effektivitet. Vidare verkar kultur, dataflöde och talangförvaltning vara av vital vikt. Ett lämpligt dataflöde medför till att de strategiska aktörerna får en översikt i taktiska aktörers arbetssystem. Vad gäller kultur och talangförvaltning påvisar undersökningen att BI kräver konstant arbete för att främja krossfunktionalitet och därmed få BI som en naturlig och genomsyrande kompetens inom hela organisationen. Originalitet och värde: Studien särskiljer sig genom att fokusera på taktisk respektive strategisk nivå inom organisationer. Studien innefattar även insikter från både taktisk och strategiskt, Purpose: The purpose of this study is through collected empirical and theoretical ground answer how business intelligence can manage the knowledge gap between tactical and strategic levels when it comes to decision making. Method: This is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews, hermeneutic perspective and thematic analysis. The study consists of seven interviews with an estimated length of one to two hours each, with informants from varying sectors and positions. Findings: The study shows that the data quality is of high importance and that work systems should be designed according to the participants' knowledge and needs. Challenges that are explicitly emphasized are which data and to what extent the data should be shared between different participants, in order to create a creative process without having a negative effect on integrity and efficiency. Strategic actors can with BI use intuitive strategies as a means to evaluate the tactical actors' work. Furthermore, the survey indicates that the degree of trust given to tactical actors is based on aspects such as risk, urgency and opportunity. In addition, the survey indicates that strategic actors must find a balance between standardization and flexibility. Strategic actors seem to add a higher degree of standardization to the work systems themselves, but not to such an extent that they hamper the participants' efficiency. Furthermore, culture, data flow and talent management seem to be vital. An appropriate data flow means that the strategic actors get an overview of the tactical actors' work systems. In terms of culture and talent management, the survey shows that BI requires constant work to promote cross-functionality and thus get BI as a natural and ubiquitous competence within the entire organization. Originality and value: The study differs by focusing on tactical and strategic levels within organizations. This study also includes insights from both a tactical and strategic point of view - some

This study aims to determine the extent of the impact of the relationship when the knowledge gap mediates between the ramifications of conflict and outputs quality Technical and Vocational Education and Training TVET, and to verify the implications of the armed conflict directly and indirectly of in TVET outputs quality in Yemen. This study was based on a mixed methodology quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative study sample was taken in a probabilistic way. The sample consists of (615) respondents, including (60) teachers, (66) employees, and (489) students. Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA was performed used SPSS. The was used Program AMOS to perform confirmatory factor analysis CFA, and by the structural equation modeling (SEM) was analyzed the path of relations between the study variables, checking all kinds of validity, and compound reliability. The qualitative study relied on interviews with (15) academics and employees who are affiliated with TVET and They act represent 3 them focus groups. The study concluded the following results: There is a direct negative relationship between the knowledge gap and TVET outputs quality. This relationship decreases when the knowledge gap mediates between the Ramifications of conflict and TVET outputs quality. and this means that the mediator here is a partial mediator. The results of the study also showed a direct positive relationship between the repercussions of armed conflicts and the knowledge gap.

This study aims to determine the extent of the impact of the relationship when the knowledge gap mediates between the ramifications of conflict and outputs quality Technical and Vocational Education and Training TVET, and to verify the implications of the armed conflict directly and indirectly of in TVET outputs quality in Yemen. This study was based on a mixed methodology quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative study sample was taken in a probabilistic way. The sample consists of (615) respondents, including (60) teachers, (66) employees, and (489) students. Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA was performed used SPSS. The was used Program AMOS to perform confirmatory factor analysis CFA, and by the structural equation modeling (SEM) was analyzed the path of relations between the study variables, checking all kinds of validity, and compound reliability. The qualitative study relied on interviews with (15) academics and employees who are affiliated with TVET and They act represent 3 them focus groups. The study concluded the following results: There is a direct negative relationship between the knowledge gap and TVET outputs quality. This relationship decreases when the knowledge gap mediates between the Ramifications of conflict and TVET outputs quality. and this means that the mediator here is a partial mediator. The results of the study also showed a direct positive relationship between the repercussions of armed conflicts and the knowledge gap.

Curiosity has long been a topic of interest in cognitive science and psychology research. Despite this, little is understood about the relationship between curiosity, behavior, and knowledge acquisition. Several theories propose that curiosity is an innate system of reward mechanism for closing knowledge gaps. This study examined whether observations of curiosity-driven behavior in an information-rich virtual environment could be used to predict knowledge gains without relying on assessment of what specific information led to those gains. A total of 54 participants were asked to complete a task in an online three-dimensional virtual environment, as well as pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results show that the number of contacts with information sources predicts quantifiable knowledge gains without regard to the content of the information sources or qualitative assessment of knowledge gains. Future research should consider how to collect more nuanced data on knowledge gains as well as how qualitative research could be combined with a study such as this to help identify when behavior is driven by innate curiosity or external motivation., Fastän nyfikenhet sedan länge har varit ett forskningsområde inom kognitionsvetenskap och psykologi, är relationen mellan nyfikenhet, beteende och insamlandet av ny kunskap fortfarande inte tydlig. Olika teorier föreslår att nyfikenhet är ett medfött system av belöningsmekanismer i syfte att minska och stänga kunskapsluckor. Denna studie undersökte huruvida observationer av nyfiket beteende i en informationsrik virtuell miljö kunde användas för att predicera kunskapstillökning utan att fastställa vilken specifik information ledde dit. Totalt uppmanades 54 deltagare ombads att genomföra en uppgift i en tredimensionell virtuell miljö online, samt att fylla i pre-test och post-test enkäter. Resultaten visade att antalet kontakter med informationskällor predicerar en kvantifierbar ökning i kunskap oberoende av informationskällornas innehåll eller kvalitativ bedömning av kunskapstillökning. Framtida forskning bör försöka att hitta möjligheter för att samla in mer nyanserade data om kunskapstillökningen samt hur kvalitativ forskning skulle kunna kombineras med en liknande studie för att identifiera när beteende är drivet av medfödd nyfikenhet eller extern motivation.

This study aims to determine the extent of the impact of the relationship when the knowledge gap mediates between the ramifications of conflict and outputs quality Technical and Vocational Education and Training TVET, and to verify the implications of the armed conflict directly and indirectly of in TVET outputs quality in Yemen. This study was based on a mixed methodology quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative study sample was taken in a probabilistic way. The sample consists of (615) respondents, including (60) teachers, (66) employees, and (489) students. Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA was performed used SPSS. The was used Program AMOS to perform confirmatory factor analysis CFA, and by the structural equation modeling (SEM) was analyzed the path of relations between the study variables, checking all kinds of validity, and compound reliability. The qualitative study relied on interviews with (15) academics and employees who are affiliated with TVET and They act represent 3 them focus groups. The study concluded the following results: There is a direct negative relationship between the knowledge gap and TVET outputs quality. This relationship decreases when the knowledge gap mediates between the Ramifications of conflict and TVET outputs quality. and this means that the mediator here is a partial mediator. The results of the study also showed a direct positive relationship between the repercussions of armed conflicts and the knowledge gap.

According to different reports, many recent software engineering graduates often face difficulties when beginning their professional careers, due to misalignment of the skills learnt in their university education with what is needed in industry. To address that need, many studies have been conducted to align software engineering education with industry needs. To synthesize that body of knowledge, we present in this paper a systematic literature review (SLR) which summarizes the findings of 33 studies in this area. By doing a meta-analysis of all those studies and using data from 12 countries and over 4,000 data points, this study will enable educators and hiring managers to adapt their education / hiring efforts to best prepare the software engineering workforce. IEEE, open access

Engaged scholarship is frequently being advocated to bridge the knowledge gap between academic scholars and project practitioners. Through the methodology of engaged scholarship academics establish a reciprocal relationship with the project community while adhering to the standards of quality scholarship. Notwithstanding its growing popularity, in project studies we do not learn much about the practices involved in engaged scholarship, neither is the concept theoretically well developed. We argue that, to further the project studies debate, methodological reflection on the reciprocal relationship between academics and practitioners is needed. For this purpose, we provide an analytical framework containing four elements; goals, negotiation practices, reciprocity typology and outcomes of project studies. We then use this framework to analyze three engaged project studies. The paper contributes to project studies with an enhanced concept of engaged scholarship containing three types of reciprocity; generalized, balanced and negative reciprocity. Furthermore, we found that a reciprocal relationship is negotiated and changes over time. We identified four mechanisms that negatively impact the academic and practical outcomes of engaged scholarship studies., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Public Commissioning

Engaged scholarship is frequently being advocated to bridge the knowledge gap between academic scholars and project practitioners. Through the methodology of engaged scholarship academics establish a reciprocal relationship with the project community while adhering to the standards of quality scholarship. Notwithstanding its growing popularity, in project studies we do not learn much about the practices involved in engaged scholarship, neither is the concept theoretically well developed. We argue that, to further the project studies debate, methodological reflection on the reciprocal relationship between academics and practitioners is needed. For this purpose, we provide an analytical framework containing four elements; goals, negotiation practices, reciprocity typology and outcomes of project studies. We then use this framework to analyze three engaged project studies. The paper contributes to project studies with an enhanced concept of engaged scholarship containing three types of reciprocity; generalized, balanced and negative reciprocity. Furthermore, we found that a reciprocal relationship is negotiated and changes over time. We identified four mechanisms that negatively impact the academic and practical outcomes of engaged scholarship studies.

In recent decades the IDB has made a substantial effort to increase the resources, and improve the institutional capacity and arrangements, to deliver knowledge products. This report reviews the IDB’s institutional arrangements, financing, and performance in generating and delivering knowledge activities. For a multilateral development bank like the IDBG, the knowledge it generates, acquires, and disseminates should aim to improve the design of development interventions (policies and programs) that are supported directly by the institution or implemented by Bank clients.

Engaged scholarship is frequently being advocated to bridge the knowledge gap between academic scholars and project practitioners. Through the methodology of engaged scholarship academics establish a reciprocal relationship with the project community while adhering to the standards of quality scholarship. Notwithstanding its growing popularity, in project studies we do not learn much about the practices involved in engaged scholarship, neither is the concept theoretically well developed. We argue that, to further the project studies debate, methodological reflection on the reciprocal relationship between academics and practitioners is needed. For this purpose, we provide an analytical framework containing four elements; goals, negotiation practices, reciprocity typology and outcomes of project studies. We then use this framework to analyze three engaged project studies. The paper contributes to project studies with an enhanced concept of engaged scholarship containing three types of reciprocity; generalized, balanced and negative reciprocity. Furthermore, we found that a reciprocal relationship is negotiated and changes over time. We identified four mechanisms that negatively impact the academic and practical outcomes of engaged scholarship studies.

Engaged scholarship is frequently being advocated to bridge the knowledge gap between academic scholars and project practitioners. Through the methodology of engaged scholarship academics establish a reciprocal relationship with the project community while adhering to the standards of quality scholarship. Notwithstanding its growing popularity, in project studies we do not learn much about the practices involved in engaged scholarship, neither is the concept theoretically well developed. We argue that, to further the project studies debate, methodological reflection on the reciprocal relationship between academics and practitioners is needed. For this purpose, we provide an analytical framework containing four elements; goals, negotiation practices, reciprocity typology and outcomes of project studies. We then use this framework to analyze three engaged project studies. The paper contributes to project studies with an enhanced concept of engaged scholarship containing three types of reciprocity; generalized, balanced and negative reciprocity. Furthermore, we found that a reciprocal relationship is negotiated and changes over time. We identified four mechanisms that negatively impact the academic and practical outcomes of engaged scholarship studies., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Public Commissioning

Context: According to various reports, many software engineering (SE) graduates often face difficulties when beginning their careers, which is mainly due to misalignment of the skills learned in university education with what is needed in the software industry. Objective: Our objective is to perform a meta-analysis to aggregate the results of the studies published in this area to provide a consolidated view on how to align SE education with industry needs, to identify the most important skills and also existing knowledge gaps. Method: To synthesize the body of knowledge, we performed a systematic literature review (SLR), in which we systematically selected a pool of 35 studies and then conducted a meta-analysis using data extracted from those studies. Results: Via a meta-analysis and using data from 13 countries and over 4,000 data points, highlights of the SLR include: (1) software requirements, design, and testing are the most important skills; and (2) the greatest knowledge gaps are in configuration management, SE models and methods, SE process, design (and architecture), as well as in testing. Conclusion: This paper provides implications for both educators and hiring managers by listing the most important SE skills and the knowledge gaps in the industry.

Climate change and increased anthropogenic activities are expected to elevate the potential of introducing nonindigenous species (NIS) into the Arctic. Yet, the knowledge base needed to identify gaps and priorities for NIS research and management is limited. Here, we reviewed primary introduction events to each ecoregion of the marine Arctic realm to identify temporal and spatial patterns, likely source regions of NIS, and the putative introduction pathways. We included 54 introduction events representing 34 unique NIS. The rate of NIS discovery ranged from zero to four species per year between 1960 and 2015. The Iceland Shelf had the greatest number of introduction events (n = 14), followed by the Barents Sea (n = 11), and the Norwegian Sea (n = 11). Sixteen of the 54 introduction records had no known origins. The majority of those with known source regions were attributed to the Northeast Atlantic and the NorthwestPacific, 19 and 14 records, respectively. Some introduction events were attributedto multiple possible pathways. For these introductions, vessels transferred the greatest number of aquatic NIS (39%) to the Arctic, followed by natural spread (30%) and aquaculture activities (25%). Similar trends were found for introductions attributed to a single pathway. The phyla Arthropoda and Ochrophyta had the highest number of recorded introduction events, with 19 and 12 records, respectively. Recommendations including vector management, horizon scanning, early detection, rapid response, and a pan‐Arctic biodiversity inventory are considered in this paper. Our study provides a comprehensive record of primary introductions of NIS for marine environments in thecircumpolar Arctic and identifies knowledge gaps and opportunities for NIS research and management. Ecosystems worldwide will face dramatic changes in the coming decades due to global change. Our findings contribute to the knowledge base needed to address two aspects of global change—invasive species and climate