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Aberrantly slow ribosomes incur collisions, a sentinel of stress that triggers quality control, signaling, and translation attenuation. Although each collision response has been studied in isolation, the net consequences of their collective actions in reshaping translation in cells is poorly understood. Here, we apply cryoelectron tomography to visualize the translation machinery in mammalian cells during persistent collision stress. We find that polysomes are compressed, with up to 30% of ribosomes in helical polysomes or collided disomes, some of which are bound to the stress effector GCN1. The native collision interface extends beyond the in vitro-characterized 40S and includes the L1 stalk and eEF2, possibly contributing to translocation inhibition. The accumulation of unresolved tRNA-bound 80S and 60S and aberrant 40S configurations identifies potentially limiting steps in collision responses. Our work provides a global view of the translation machinery in response to persistent collisions and a framework for quantitative analysis of translation dynamics in situ.

Purpose: The age of drinking onset is a central concept for both policy and prevention of alcohol- related harm, yet evidence on the predictive value of the age of onset is lacking. This study compares alcohol outcomes of adolescents who started to drink early with those who started later, and tests if associations are moderated by other explanatory factors. Methods: Data from a two-wave longitudinal prospective cohort survey with a Swedish nationwide sample of 4,018 adolescents aged 15/16 years at baseline (T1) and 17/18 years at follow-up (T2) were used. Outcome variables at T2 were Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)-C, risky drinking, and binge drinking monthly or more often. A vast number of explanatory factors at T1 were controlled for. Results: Early drinking onset predicted later higher AUDIT-C scores (b = 0.57, p value < .001), and higher probability of risky drinking (odds ratio = 1.95, 95% confidence interval = 1.56-2.4 4), and binge drinking (odds ratio = 1.38, confidence interval = 1.06-1.81), controlled for other explanatory factors. If binge drinking frequency at T1 was included, the associations remained for AUDIT- C and risky drinking, but not for binge drinking at T2. No significant interactions between early drinking onset and the explanatory factors were found. Discussion: Early drinking onset predicts subsequent higher alcohol consumption in late adolescence. Adolescents who had an early drinking onset drank more after 2 years than their peers who started later. The age of drinking onset is an independent predictor of alcohol use outcomes, beyond the effect of age of binge drinking onset. (c) 2024 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Remanufacturing is an industrial process in which a core – a used, discarded, or broken product – is transformed into a product with a like-new specification and condition. However, to this date, remanufacturing activities on the market are few compared to manufacturing. There are several types of remanufacturers; the least common type is the original equipment remanufacturer, an original equipment manufacturer that not only manufactures new products but also remanufactures cores of its own products. Remanufacturing is potentially becoming a more widely used industrial process for original equipment manufacturers, and increased remanufacturing activities can positively contribute to the environment. The contribution comes from a reduction of raw material and energy consumption compared to manufacturing. Therefore, remanufacturing has the potential to decouple environmental impact from economic growth, thus contributing to more sustainable societies. However, assessing the benefits of remanufacturing does not directly correlate to growth within the remanufacturing industry. To encapsulate the environmental, social, and economic benefits of remanufacturing, manufacturers need to be aware of how remanufacturing can be initiated and implemented in practice. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to develop support measures for original equipment manufacturers to initiate profitable remanufacturing. This research takes a stand in case study and transdisciplinary research where the initiation of profitable remanufacturing is studied at two original equipment manufacturers. The research study developed knowledge of how remanufacturing could be incorporated into existing operations at original equipment manufacturers. In parallel, financial assessments based on cost-benefit analysis were built to measure how well the case companies could perform remanufacturing. For the case study research, seven remanufacturing scenarios were developed, ranging from centralised r, Refabrikation (oder Wiederaufbereitung, engl. Remanufacturing) ist ein industrieller Prozess, bei dem ein Altteil – ein gebrauchtes, ausrangiertes, verschlissenes oder defektes Produkt – gemäß den Herstellerspezifikationen in einen neuwertigen Zustand gebracht wird. Heutzutage macht Refabrikation allerdings nur einen kleinen Teil der Fertigungsindustrie aus. Verschiedene Arten von Unternehmen betreiben Refabrikation, wobei Originalgerätehersteller, sogenannte OEMs (engl. für Original Equipment Manufacturer), am seltensten sind. Solche OEMs betreiben neben Produktion auch eine Wiederaufbereitung ihrer eigenen Produkte. Refabrikation kann sowohl ökologische als auch ökonomische Vorteile bringen und hat somit grundsätzlich hohes Marktpotential. Der geringere Rohstoff- und Energieverbrauch von Refabrikation im Vergleich zu Neuproduktion ist ein Beispiel für ökologischen Vorteil. Refabrikation ermöglicht außerdem, negative Umweltauswirkungen durch Produktion und Wirtschaftswachstum voneinander unabhängig zu machen und trägt somit zu nachhaltigem Wachstum bei. Allerdings hängt der Nutzen von Refabrikation nicht direkt mit dem Wachstum innerhalb der Refabrikationsbranche zusammen. Um die ökologischen, sozialen und ökonomischen Vorteile nutzen zu können, müssen Hersteller Kompetenz zur praktischen Umsetzung von Refabrikation aufbauen. Ziel dieser Dissertation ist daher die Entwicklung von Unterstützungsmaßnahmen und -konzepten für OEMs, die zu profitabler Refabrikation führen. Diese Arbeit basiert auf einer Fallstudie und auf transdisziplinärer Forschung, bei der die Einführung von profitabler Refabrikation bei zwei OEMs untersucht wurde. Die Fallstudie lieferte Erkenntnisse darüber, wie Refabrikation in bestehende Abläufe bei OEMs integriert werden kann. Außerdem wurden finanzielle Bewertungskriterien auf der Grundlage einer Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse erstellt, um messen zu können, wie erfolgreich die untersuchten Unternehmen Refabrikation implementieren könnten. Für die Fallst, Återtillverkning är en industriell process där en stomme – en använd, uttjänt eller trasig produkt – omformas till en produkt vars specifikation och kvalitet motsvarar nyskick. Idag utgör återtillverkning endast en liten del av den totala tillverkningsindustrin. Det finns flera typer av återtillverkare; den ovanligaste är originaltillverkande återtillverkare, det vill säga, ett tillverkande företag som även återtillverkar sina egna produkter. Genom den låga grad av återtillverkning bland originaltillverkare idag finns det utrymme för att verka för en ökning. En sådan ökning kan bidra till miljömässiga fördelar genom att mängden råmaterial och energi reduceras jämfört med nytillverkning. Det finns därför en möjlighet för återtillverkning att bidra till en frikoppling av miljömässig påverkan från ekonomisk tillväxt, vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett mer hållbart samhälle. Fast att endast värdera nyttan av återtillverkning leder inte direkt till en tillväxt inom återtillverkningsindustrin. För att omfamna de miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska nyttor som återtillverkning kan bidra med måste originaltillverkare vara medvetna om hur återtillverkning kan initieras och implementeras i praktiken på ett ekonomiskt lönsamt sätt. Denna doktorsavhandlings syfte är därför att utveckla stöd för originaltillverkare att initiera lönsam återtillverkning. Forskningen utgår från en fallstudie och transdisciplinär forskningsmetodik där initieringen av lönsam återtillverkning studeras vid två originaltillverkare. Den utförda forskningen utvecklade kunskap om hur återtillverkning kan integrerats i en originaltillverkares befintliga verksamhet. Parallellt med detta utvecklades ekonomiska utvärderingsmetoder för att tillhandahålla ett mått på hur väl fallföretagen skulle kunna utföra återtillverkning. För fallstudien utvecklades det sju återtillverkningsscenarion som sträcker sig från centraliserad återtillverkning, som utförs av originaltillverkaren, till decentraliserad, som utförs vid f, Funding agencies:The VINNOVA Challenge-driven innovation initiative and the project ElevatoRe: Elevate remanufacturing to EEE manufacturers’ strategytowards circular economy (Dnr: 2018-00330)The Swedish Energy Agency through the Remometer project, dnr 2019-021532, within the strategic innovation programme RE:SourceThe Mistra REES (Resource-Efficient and Effective Solutions) programme (Grant No. 2014/16), funded by Mistra (The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research)The SCANDERE (Scaling up a circular economy business model by new design, leaner remanufacturing, and automated material recycling technologies) project granted from the ERA-MIN3 programme under grant number 101003575 and funded by VINNOVA, Sweden’s Innovation Agency (No. 2022-00070)The RE:think (Rethink and improve product design and service cost for circular economy business models) project funded by Energimyndigheten (Swedish Energy Agency) (Project Number P2022-00342)

Bakgrund: Elektrifieringen har resulterat i en ökad efterfrågan av litiumjonbatterier vilket har skapat ett ökat konkurrenstryck på marknaden. För att upprätthålla konkurrenskraften och möta intressenternas förväntningar krävs betydande investeringar från företagets sida. Micropower Group som tillverkar laddare- och litiumjonbatteri är en ledande aktör på marknaden och genomför en superinvestering i en ny produktionsanläggning. Med tanke på att hållbarhet är ett aktuellt ämne har företaget valt att konstruera anläggningen utifrån en grön profil. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera och beskriva investeringsprocessens tidiga skeden, samt när och på vilket sätt hållbarhet spelar roll i processen, mer specifikt från initiering till beslut. Genom att utgå från detta syfte belyses även andra icke-finansiella dimensioner som är av betydelse. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie som har genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in empiriskt material. Respondenterna valdes genom både ett strategiskt urval och ett snöbollsurval. Den teoretiska referensramen består framförallt av böcker, vetenskapliga artiklar från Linnéuniversitets databaser, såsom Google Scholar och OneSearch. Slutsats: Det ursprungliga motivet bakom superinvesteringen var strävan efter att bibehålla en ledande position på marknaden och leda den gröna omställningen, vilket kräver ökad kapacitet. Emotioner var centrala under investeringsbedömningen och beslutet grundades på strategiska överväganden och dess överensstämmelse med företagets långsiktiga tillväxtstrategi, struktur, kultur och värderingar. Micropower Group integrerade hållbarhet i investeringsprocessens tidiga skeden, framförallt under framdrivning och delvis i beslut, genom att prioritera sociala och miljömässiga fördelar samt arbetsmiljöförbättringar för att stärka företagsimage, långsiktig tillväxt och lönsamhet samt konkurrensfördelar., Background: Electrification has resulted in an increased demand for lithium-ion batteries, which has created increased competitive pressure on the market. To maintain competitiveness and meet stakeholders' expectations, significant investments are required on the part of the company. Micropower Group, which is a leading manufacturer of chargers and lithium-ion batteries, is making a large-scale super capital investment in a new production facility. Considering that sustainability is a current topic, the company has chosen to construct the facility based on a green profile. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze and describe the early stages of the investment process, as well as when and in what way sustainability becomes decisive in the process, more specifically from initiation to decision. By proceeding from this purpose, other non-financial dimensions that play a role are also highlighted. Method: The study is a qualitative case study that has conducted semi-structured interviews to collect empirical material. Respondents were selected through both strategic and snowball sampling. The theoretical frame of reference mainly consists of books, and scientific articles from Linnaeus University's databases, such as Google Scholar and OneSearch. Conclusion: The original motive behind the super capital investment was the aspiration to have a leading position in the market, which required increased capacity. Emotions were central during the investment assessment and the decision was based on strategic considerations and its consistency with the company's long-term growth strategy, structure, culture, and values. Micropower Group integrated sustainability in the early stages of the investment process, mainly during propulsion and partly in decisions, by prioritizing social and environmental benefits and improvements in the work environment for strengthened corporate image, long-term growth, and profitability as well as a competitive advantage.

Non-adherence to psychotropic drugs may reduce treatment effectiveness and may cause exacerbation of illness. Among migrant populations, studies have identified low adherence to psychotropic drugs. This study aimed to identify factors that were associated with the three basic components of adherence: non-initiation, non-implementation (blood sample), and discontinuation in a clinical sample of trauma-affected refugees diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. The data for this study is derived from a randomized controlled trial (n = 108). Based on existing literature, individual sociodemographic and clinical candidate predictor variables that may affect the initiation, continuation, and implementation to psychotropics were selected as exposure variables. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk relation between non-initiation, non-implementation, discontinuation, and the individual sociodemographic and clinical factors. Three factors – level of education, turn-up rate for medical doctor sessions, and discomfort in relation to the psychotropics – were associated with non-initiation, non-implementation, or discontinuation. The relatively small sample size poses a limitation. Furthermore, factors not examined in the current study may have affected non-initiation, non-implementation, and discontinuation. The study identified level of education, turn-up rate for medical doctor sessions, and discomfort in relation to medicine as important factors in relation to treatment with psychotropics in trauma-affected refugees. Factors contributing to a low turn-up rate, and factors that are consequences of a low turn-up rate, as well as communication and trust in the patient-provider interaction need further research attention. Furthermore, there is a need for research on interventions addressing adherence for refugees with mental illness., Non-adherence to psychotropic drugs may reduce treatment effectiveness and may cause exacerbation of illness. Among migrant populations, studies have identified low adherence to psychotropic drugs. This study aimed to identify factors that were associated with the three basic components of adherence: non-initiation, non-implementation (blood sample), and discontinuation in a clinical sample of trauma-affected refugees diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. The data for this study is derived from a randomized controlled trial (n = 108). Based on existing literature, individual sociodemographic and clinical candidate predictor variables that may affect the initiation, continuation, and implementation to psychotropics were selected as exposure variables. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk relation between non-initiation, non-implementation, discontinuation, and the individual sociodemographic and clinical factors. Three factors – level of education, turn-up rate for medical doctor sessions, and discomfort in relation to the psychotropics – were associated with non-initiation, non-implementation, or discontinuation. The relatively small sample size poses a limitation. Furthermore, factors not examined in the current study may have affected non-initiation, non-implementation, and discontinuation. The study identified level of education, turn-up rate for medical doctor sessions, and discomfort in relation to medicine as important factors in relation to treatment with psychotropics in trauma-affected refugees. Factors contributing to a low turn-up rate, and factors that are consequences of a low turn-up rate, as well as communication and trust in the patient-provider interaction need further research attention. Furthermore, there is a need for research on interventions addressing adherence for refugees with mental illness.

Un condamné à mort s’est échappé or Le vent souffle ou il veut (1956), by Robert Bresson, Le Trou (1960) by Jacques Becker and Un Prophète (2009) by Jacques Audiard, are three films where the prison dimension is not a narrative device at the service of striking and adventurous actions, but constitutes a universe where we witness the radicalization of some human dynamics, a form of dramatic condensation that it reveals the qualities, potentials and miseries of human beings, thanks to the conditions of coercion and the claustrophobia in which the characters are forced to live.

Introduction: Long-term medication use is a recommended treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however, discontinuation is common. Non-medical factors which might influence initiation and discontinuation are understudied. Therefore, we investigated how different sociodemographic factors and comorbidities were associated with the initiation and discontinuation of ADHD medication use among young adults. Methods and results: We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study using individually linked administrative register data, in which we included all individuals residing in Sweden, between the age of 19 and 29 who were first diagnosed with ADHD between January 2006 and December 2016 (n = 59224). ADHD medication initiation was defined as the first prescription of ADHD medication in the period from 3 months before to 6 months after the cohort entry date. Those who initiated ADHD medication were followed up for medication use until discontinuation, death/emigration, or until 2019. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to investigate the associations between sociodemographics, health-related predictors and initiation, as well as discontinuation. Overall, 48.7% of the 41399 individuals initiated ADHD medication, most often methylphenidate (87%). Among the initiators, 15462 (77%) discontinued medication use during the follow-up (median time: 150 days). After mutually adjusting all other predictors, initiation was positively associated with older age, male sex, higher level of education, and negatively associated with living at home with parents, immigrant status, being unemployed during the year before inclusion, being on disability pension, having autism, substance use, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, other mental disability/developmental disorders, cardiovascular diseases or previous accidents. Discontinuation was positively associated with being born abroad, living in big cities, being unemployed during the year before inclusion

The article contrasts and reflects on two ways of beginning architectural learning: through projects that simulate or reproduce the architect's professional practice (Simulators), and through exercises that explore and experiment with various teaching techniques, materials, environments, work processes, and disciplinary issues that familiarize students with the world of architecture in a less obvious way (Devices). It addresses three main issues. First, it questions whether Simulators are the only valid way to initiate project learning. Second, it suggests that initial architectural project pedagogy is closely related to experimentation. And third, it argues that the Devices, while not asking students to design buildings, involve the understanding and development of issues and skills fundamental to the practice of architectural design., El artículo contrasta y reflexiona sobre dos maneras de iniciar el aprendizaje de la arquitectura: por medio de proyectos que simulan o reproducen la práctica profesional del arquitecto (Simuladores), y mediante ejercicios que exploran y experimentan con diversas técnicas docentes, materiales, entornos, procesos de trabajo y temas disciplinares que familiarizan a los estudiantes con el mundo de la arquitectura de manera menos evidente (Dispositivos). Plantea tres cuestiones principalmente. Primero, cuestiona si los Simuladores son la única manera válida de iniciar el aprendizaje de proyectos. Segundo, sugiere que la pedagogía inicial de proyectos arquitectónicos está estrechamente relacionada con la experimentación. Y tercero, defiende que los Dispositivos, aunque no solicitan a los estudiantes la proyección de edificios, implican la comprensión y el desarrollo de temas y habilidades fundamentales para la práctica del proyecto arquitectónico., Peer Reviewed

© 2004 IOP Publishing Ltd. This work is carried out in the framework of a European Marie Curie project (HPMT-CT-2001-00215). Support of MCYT (MAT2003-00455) is acknowledged., The effect of electrochemical etching of n-type GaSb in aqueous solutions of HCl and HF has been analysed. By anodization in HCl, two different morphologies of porous layers were observed depending on the current density. At low current density (0.5 mA cm_(-2)) a macroporous layer is formed with the pores following preferential directions, while at high current density (15 mA cm_(-2)) pores of sizes less than 100 nm were observed. Furthermore, a comparison between the luminescence in the porous layer and bulk GaSb is also performed. On the other hand, anodization in HF leads to an electropolishing process and no porosification is obtained., European Marie Curie project, MCYT, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Background and aims Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is present in 13% of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. In patients diagnosed with both AF and COPD, we aimed to assess overall mortality risk and its association with temporal sequence in AF and COPD diagnosis. Methods This nationwide study assessed all patients aged 18-85 years diagnosed with both COPD and AF between 1999 and 2018 in Denmark. Three groups were defined according to the temporal sequence of diagnosis: COPD diagnosed at least 6 months before AF (COPD-First), AF diagnosed at least 6 months before COPD (AF-First) and COPD, and AF diagnosed within a 6-months' time frame (AF similar to COPD). Results We included 62 806 patients (75.0 years; 56.5% males). After 5 years of follow-up, 31 494 (50.1%) died. Mortality was highest in the COPD-First group (COPD-First: 52.8%; AF-First: 46.0%; AF similar to COPD 50.6%). In a multivariable Cox-regression model adjusted for age, sex, type 2 diabetes, history of acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure, dyslipidemia, cancer, chronic kidney disease, and stroke, the AF similar to COPD group (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.16-1.23; P < 0.001) and COPD-First group (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.27-1.33; P < 0.001) had a higher risk of death compared with the AF-First group. A restricted cubic spline analysis showed that the earlier the COPD was diagnosed, the worse is the prognosis. Conclusion Patients with concomitant AF and COPD had a very poor prognosis and the temporal sequence in diagnosis was differentially associated with prognosis, where a COPD diagnosis preceding an AF diagnosis was accompanied with a higher mortality risk compared with a COPD diagnosis following an AF diagnosis.

This article concerns secrets and secrecy in narrative works. The author, following in the footsteps of Auerbach and Kermode, argues that secrets should be understood as discontinuous places, gaps that demand to be filled. Auerbach and Kermode pointed to the biblical origins of the secret narrative. The latter in The Genesis of Secrecy. On the Interpretation of Narrative noted that secrets presuppose a mode of initiation – this was the case in the gospel of St Mark he analysed, addressed to believers. However, this sender’s intention also appears in strictly literary texts that operate the convention of the secret. This article refers to four twentieth-century Polish narrative texts that use elements of secrecy in different ways. Mrożek’s Moniza Clavier conceals the confabulatory character of the first-person statement, Miłosz’s Dolina Issy and Gombrowicz’s Kosmos conceal the deeply autobiographical character of the reflection on individual fate, while the narrative in Lem’s Solaris activates the possibility of ‘vertical reading’, referring to the concept of some absolute. Secrets in literary texts tend to be secularized versions of religious narratives addressed to the initiated, and the promise of an integration of discontinuous places attracts sceptics and believers., This article concerns secrets and secrecy in narrative works. The author, following in the footsteps of Auerbach and Kermode, argues that secrets should be understood as discontinuous places, gaps that demand to be filled. Auerbach and Kermode pointed to the biblical origins of the secret narrative. The latter in The Genesis of Secrecy. On the Interpretation of Narrative noted that secrets presuppose a mode of initiation – this was the case in the gospel of St Mark he analysed, addressed to believers. However, this sender’s intention also appears in strictly literary texts that operate the convention of the secret. This article refers to four twentieth-century Polish narrative texts that use elements of secrecy in different ways. Mrożek’s Moniza Clavier conceals the confabulatory character of the first-person statement, Miłosz’s Dolina Issy and Gombrowicz’s Kosmos conceal the deeply autobiographical character of the reflection on individual fate, while the narrative in Lem’s Solaris activates the possibility of ‘vertical reading’, referring to the concept of some absolute. Secrets in literary texts tend to be secularized versions of religious narratives addressed to the initiated, and the promise of an integration of discontinuous places attracts sceptics and believers.

Este trabajo pretende ser un breve análisis de la figura mítica del laberinto del Minotauro a través de su representación iconográfica en la cerámica griega, siguiendo para ello la línea de una de sus muchas posibilidades interpretativas: el laberinto como espacio sagrado iniciación. Apoyándose en las fuentes textuales clásicas que construyen los trazos del mito, el trabajo revisará las resoluciones iconográficas del espacio laberíntico que se han utilizado en la pintura vascular, para después centrar el análisis en la cerámica ática de figuras rojas. Para una aproximación a la interpretación del laberinto, se recurrirá a una breve y condensada revisión de la bibliografía que ha estudiado el valor iniciático del laberinto. Siguiendo, con sentido crítico, esta línea interpretativa, el trabajo abordará el estudio de las piezas de cerámica desde un análisis de la iconografía y del contenido que esta puede aportar al estudio del mito y de su representación., Este traballo pretende ser unha breve análise da figura mítica do labirinto do Minotauro a través de súa representación iconográfica na cerámica grega, seguindo para iso a liña dunha das súas moitas posibilidades interpretativas: o labirinto como espazo sagrado de iniciación. Apoiándose nas fontes textuais clásicas que constrúen os trazos do mito, o traballo revisará as resolucións iconográficas do espazo labiríntico que se empregaron na pintura vascular, para despois centrar a análise na cerámica ática de figuras vermellas. Para una aproximación á interpretación do labirinto, recorreráse una breve e condensada revisión da bibliografía que estudou o valor iniciático do labirinto. Seguindo, con sentido crítico, esta liña interpretativa, o traballo abordará o estudo das pezas de cerámica dende unha análise da iconografía e do contido que esta pode aportar ao estudo do mito e da súa representación., This work aims to be a brief analysis of the mythical figure of the Minotaur’s labyrinth though its iconographic representation in Greek pottery, following one of many interpretative possibilities: the labyrinth as a sacred space of initiation. Taking its base from the classical textual sources that shape the outlines of the myth, this work will review the iconographic resolutions of the labyrinthine space used in vase painting, to then focus the analysis on Attic red-figure pottery. To approach the interpretation of this mythical space, a brief but concise review of the literature that has studied the initiatory value of the labyrinth will be employed. Following with critical criteria this interpretive line, the work will study the ceramic pieces though an analysis of their iconography as well as the contents that it can provide to the study of the myth and its depictions.

This study explores the concept of trust in leadership, drawing on insights from the ancient Chinese classic I-Ching. Using content analysis and metaphoric interpretation, we examine the meaning of Fu (trust) in I-Ching and its relevance to modern-day business leadership. Our analysis categorizes hexagram lines that mention Fu into six stages, forming the I-Ching Trust Development Cycle: Initiation, Progressing, Testing, Growth, Maturity, and Decline. The cycle begins without trust as leaders and followers meet to share their visions and missions. As relationships between leaders and followers develop, progress is made. The third stage tests the trust relationships, while the fourth stage describes how relationships are maintained. In the fifth stage, trust reaches its peak, but in the final stage, relationships reach a crossroads that may lead to either continued Growth or Decline. We suggest management implications at the end of each stage. Finally, we discuss the limitations and suggest future research directions. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Background While a low CD4/CD8 ratio during HIV treatment correlates with immunosenescence, its value in identifying patients at an increased risk for clinical events remains unclear.Methods We analyzed data from the CoRIS cohort to determine whether CD4 count, CD8 count, and CD4/CD8 ratio at year two of antiretroviral therapy (ART) could predict the risk of serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) during the next five years. These included major adverse cardiovascular events, non-AIDS-defining malignancies, and non-accidental deaths. We used pooled logistic regression with inverse probability weighting to estimate the survival curves and cumulative risk of clinical events.Findings The study included 4625 participants, 83% male, of whom 200 (4.3%) experienced an SNAE during the follow-up period. A CD4/CD8 ratio <0.3 predicted an increased risk of SNAEs during the next five years (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.03-2.58). The effect was stronger at a CD4/CD8 ratio cut-off of <0.2 (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.57-6.07). Additionally, low CD4 count at cut-offs of <500 cells/mu L predicted an increased risk of clinical events. Among participants with a CD4 count >500 cells/mu L, a CD8 count >1500 cells/mu L or a CD4/CD8 ratio <0.4 predicted increased SNAE risk.Interpretation Our results support the use of the CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 count as predictors of clinical progression. Patients with CD4/CD8 ratio <0.3 or CD8 count >1500/mu L, regardless of their CD4 count, may benefit from closer monitoring and targeted preventive interventions.Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

Remanufacturing is an industrial process in which a core – a used, discarded, or broken product – is transformed into a product whose specification and condition are new-like. However, to this date, remanufacturing activities on the market are few in comparison to manufacturing. There are several types of remanufacturers; the least common type is the original equipment remanufacturer, an original equipment manufacturer that not only manufactures new products but also remanufactures cores of its own products. The potential for remanufacturing to become a more widely used industrial process for original equipment manufacturers is therefore high. Increased remanufacturing activities can positively contribute to the environment by transforming cores into a new-like condition instead of manufacturing new ones. The contribution comes from a reduction of raw material and energy consumption compared to manufacturing. Therefore, remanufacturing has the potential to decouple environmental impact from economic growth, thus contributing to more sustainable societies. However, assessing the benefits of remanufacturing does not directly correlate to growth within the remanufacturing industry. To encapsulate the environmental, social, and economic benefits of remanufacturing, manufacturers need to be aware of how remanufacturing can be initiated and implemented in practice with positive economic effects. The aim of this licentiate thesis, therefore is, to explore how original equipment manufacturers can initiate profitable remanufacturing. This research takes a stand in a single case study where the prospect of profitable remanufacturing is studied at an original equipment manufacturer. The applied case study developed knowledge of how remanufacturing could be incorporated into existing operations at an original equipment manufacturer. In parallel, analytical economic assessment models based on cost-benefit analysis were built to measure how well the case company could perform re, Återtillverkning är en industriell process där en stomme – en använd, uttjänt, eller trasig produkt – omformas till en produkt vars specifikation och kvalitet motsvarar nyskick. Men återtillverkning utgör endast en liten del av den totala tillverkningsindustrin. Inom återtillverkning finns det flera typer av återtillverkare; den ovanligaste är originaltillverkande återtillverkare, det vill säga, ett tillverkande företag som även återtillverkar sina egna produkter. Genom att det idag är en låg grad av återtillverkning bland originaltillverkare finns det utrymme för att verka för en ökning. Ökade återtillverkningsaktiviteter kan bidra till miljömässiga fördelar genom att nya produkter ersätts med återtillverkade motsvarigheter. Detta bidrag uppstår genom en reduktion av mängden råmaterial och energi som konsumeras i förhållande till nytillverkning. Det finns därför en möjlighet för återtillverkning att bidra till en frikoppling av miljömässig påverkan från ekonomisk tillväxt, vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett mer hållbart samhälle. Fast att endast värdera nyttan av återtillverkning leder inte direkt till en tillväxt inom återtillverkningsindustrin. För att omfamna de miljömässiga, sociala, och ekonomiska nyttor som återtillverkning kan bidra med måste originaltillverkare vara medvetna om hur återtillverkning kan initieras och implementeras i praktiken på ett ekonomiskt lönsamt sätt. Syftet med denna licentiatavhandling är därför att utforska hur originaltillverkare kan initiera lönsam återtillverkning. Denna forskning utgår från en fallstudie vid en originaltillverkare där möjligheterna för lönsam återtillverkning studeras. Den tillämpade fallstudien bidrog till att utveckla kunskap om hur återtillverkning kan integreras i en originaltillverkares befintliga försörjningskedja. Parallellt med fallstudien utvecklades analytiska ekonomiska värderingsmodeller för att tillhandahålla ett mått på hur väl fallföretaget skulle kunna utföra återtillverkning. I samband med detta u, Funding agencies: The VINNOVA Challenge-driven innovation initiative and the project ElevatoRe: Elevate remanufacturing to EEE manufacturers’ strategy towards circular economy (dnr: 2018-00330). The Swedish Energy Agency through the “Remometer” project, dnr 2019-021532, within the strategic innovation program RE:Source. The Mistra REES (Resource Efficient and Effective Solutions) program (No. 2014/16), funded by Mistra (The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research).

Introduction Psychological barriers to insulin therapy are associated with the delay of clinically indicated treatment intensification for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet few evidence-based interventions exist to address these barriers. We describe the protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) examining the efficacy of a novel, theoretically grounded, psychoeducational, web-based resource designed to reduce psychological barriers to insulin among adults with non-insulin treated T2D: 'Is insulin right for me?'. Methods and analysis Double-blind, parallel group RCT. A target sample of N=392 participants (n=196/arm) will be randomised (1:1) to 'Is insulin right for me?' (intervention) or widely available online resources (control). Eligible participants include adults (18-75 years), residing in Australia, currently taking oral hypoglycaemic agents to manage T2D. They will be primarily recruited via invitations and reminders from the national diabetes registry (from a purposefully selected sample of N≥12 000). Exclusion criteria: experience of self-administered injectable; previously enrolled in pilot RCT; 'very willing' to start insulin as baseline. Outcomes will be assessed via online survey at 2 weeks and 6 months. Primary outcome between-group: difference in mean negative Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scores (ITAS negative) at 2-week and 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes: between-group differences in mean positive insulin appraisals (ITAS positive) and percentage difference in intention to commence insulin at follow-up time points. All data analyses will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Ethics and dissemination Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (2020-073). Dissemination via peer-reviewed journals, conferences and a plain-language summary. Trial registration number ACTRN12621000191897; Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.

There are no sources which explicitly describe the complete initiation ritual of a pre-Christian king in ancient Scandinavia. However, there are sources from Scandinavia and Europe more broadly describing medieval royal inaugurations that may be based on older ceremonies related to the initiations of pre-Christian rulers. Whether or not elements in the medieval royal inauguration at Mora, south of presentday Uppsala (Sweden), are based on pre-Christian traditions is an old research problem. This royal initiation ritual is visible in the medieval provincial laws of Sweden and other sources. This study argues that there are traces of older traditions behind the medieval versions of the ritual sequence called “king taking” (OSw taka konong) performed at the Mora Stone. Focus is on the location of the ritual site, the terminology used in the preserved textual sources, and the ritual actions and paraphernalia applied when performing this ceremony. A comparative method is applied, which includes archaeological finds and written sources related not only to ancient Sweden and Scandinavia, but also to the Germanic, Slavic, and Celtic areas of Europe. Finally, the question of the mythical dimensions of inaugurations are discussed and the study’s results are related to theories about cultic continuation during the transition to Christianity and theories about religious legitimation of rulership., Årg. 74 (2022): The Wild Hunt for Numinous Knowledge: Perspectives on and from the Study of Pre-Christian Nordic Religions in Honour of Jens Peter Schjødt

Introduction: While evaluations of indoor smoke-free legislation have demonstrated major public health benefits among adults, their impact on the smoking behavior of young people remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the association between smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues and smoking behavior of young people. Aims and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase in June 2020. We searched for studies that assessed the association of any form of smoke-free legislation in any hospitality venue (eg, bar and restaurant) with a smoking behavior outcome (eg, initiation and current smoking) among young people (aged 10–24 years). . Results: Our search yielded 572 articles of which 31 were screened based on full-text and 9 were included in the analysis. All studies were published between 2005 and 2016. The majority of studies used a quasi-experimental design. Four studies evaluated smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues specifically. Two studies reported that comprehensive, but not weaker, smoke-free legislation decreases progression to established smoking. Two other studies provided mixed results on which level of comprehensiveness of legislation would be effective, and which smoking outcomes would be affected. Five studies evaluated legislation that also included other workplaces. Out of these five studies, three studies found significant decreases in current smoking, smoking frequency, and/or smoking quantity, whereas two other studies did not. Conclusions: Most of the studies found that smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues is associated with a decrease in smoking behavior among young people. Their results indicate the need for comprehensive smoke-free legislation without exemptions. Implications: This is the first systematic review to provide insight into the relationship between smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues and smoking b

The RNA exosome degrades transcripts in the nucleoplasm of mammalian cells. Its substrate specificity is mediated by two adaptors: the 'nuclear exosome targeting (NEXT)' complex and the 'poly(A) exosome targeting (PAXT)' connection. Previous studies have revealed some DNA/RNA elements that differ between the two pathways, but how informative these features are for distinguishing pathway targeting, or whether additional genomic features that are informative for such classifications exist, is unknown. Here, we leverage the wealth of available genomic data and develop machine learning models that predict exosome targets and subsequently rank the features the models use by their predictive power. As expected, features around transcript end sites were most predictive; specifically, the lack of canonical 3 ' end processing was highly predictive of NEXT targets. Other associated features, such as promoter-proximal G/C content and 5 ' splice sites, were informative, but only for distinguishing NEXT and not PAXT targets. Finally, we discovered predictive features not previously associated with exosome targeting, in particular RNA helicase DDX3X binding sites. Overall, our results demonstrate that nucleoplasmic exosome targeting is to a large degree predictable, and our approach can assess the predictive power of previously known and new features in an unbiased way.

The brittle fracture initiation behavior and fracture toughness in the ductile-to-brittle transition region for a thermally-aged weld metal of a decommissioned reactor pressure vessel head (in operation at 288 degrees C for 23 effective full power years) and in the non-aged reference condition were investigated. The results show that brittle fracture initiated primarily from non-metallic inclusions. The correlation between frac-ture toughness and brittle fracture initiation type (inclusion debonding or breakage), initiator size, initi-ation location (as-welded or re-heated regions in the weld metal) were analysed. Despite that thermal ageing does not affect significantly the fracture toughness, it could promote the debonding as a brit-tle fracture primary initiation type. The influence of debonded inclusion on the evolution of cumulative damage and brittle fracture initiation was assessed using crystal plasticity modelling., QC 20220811

The different forms of training of sports coaches are aimed at satisfying the needs of mobilizing knowledge, techniques and reflection aimed at solving problems in the preparation of athletes. Due to this, the research was set as an objective: to design the theoretical conception for the pedagogical training in a virtual environment of the Djiboutian coaches on the initiation of the child to soccer. From a materialist dialectical approach to the interpretation of phenomena, document analysis, observation, survey, modeling and comparison were used as the main research methods. Thus, it was found that the theoretical-methodological knowledge related to the initiation of children to soccer and the organizational and methodological limitations in the forms of training were insufficient. The epistemological elements modeled were compared with other proposals, which demonstrated the argumentative theoretical novelty of the proposal., As diferentes formas de treinamento de treinadores esportivos visam atender às necessidades de mobilização de conhecimentos, técnicas e reflexão voltadas para a solução de problemas na preparação dos atletas. Por isso, a pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar a concepção teórica para a formação pedagógica dos treinadores djibutianos em um ambiente virtual sobre a iniciação das crianças no futebol. Com base em uma abordagem materialista dialética para a interpretação dos fenômenos, os principais métodos de pesquisa utilizados foram a análise, observação, levantamento, modelagem e comparação de documentos. Assim, verificou-se que os conhecimentos teóricos e metodológicos relacionados com a iniciação das crianças ao futebol e as limitações organizacionais e metodológicas nas formas de treinamento eram insuficientes. Os elementos epistemológicos modelados foram comparados com outras propostas, o que demonstrou a novidade teórica argumentativa da proposta., Las diferentes formas de capacitación de los entrenadores deportivos están dirigidas a satisfacer las necesidades de movilizar los conocimientos, las técnicas y la reflexión dirigida a la resolución de problemas en la preparación de los atletas. Debido a esto, la investigación se trazó como objetivo diseñar la concepción teórica para la capacitación pedagógica en entorno virtual de los entrenadores de Djibouti sobre la iniciación del niño al futbol. A partir de un enfoque dialéctico materialista de interpretación de los fenómenos, se emplearon como principales métodos de investigación el análisis de documentos, la observación, la encuesta la modelación y la comparación. Fue así, que se constató que eran insuficientes los conocimientos teórico-metodológicos relacionados con la iniciación de los niños al futbol y las limitaciones organizativas y metodológicas en las formas de capacitación. Los elementos epistemológicos modelados fueron comparados con otras propuestas, que demostró la novedad teórica argumentativa de la propuesta.

Soccer is the mass sport par excellence and the one with the greatest universal confluence. The initiation in this sport requires the development of certain motor skills that can condition the success in the training of the athlete. The objective of this research was to assess motor skills in children who are starting to play soccer. The study was focused from the empirical analytical, descriptive, transversal and quantitative level. 7 males with an age range between 8 and 13 years were intentionally selected, to whom the 3JS test of motor skills was applied, the 7 established dimensions were evaluated as: vertical jump, bounce, longitudinal turn, manual oculo throw, precision throw with lower limbs, slalom race with obstacles, driving the ball in slalom. Participants received prior inductions and familiarization with the test battery, and parents signed informed consent. Among the main results, it was observed that 71% (5 children) performed the tests at a perfect level, while (2 children) reached the maximum level of excellent. As conclusions, it was established that the participants show themselves to be in an adequate training path in soccer according to their ages and times of having started practicing this sport. It is recommended to carry out periodic controls in the development of motor skills through the application of the 3JS test, to monitor the progress in learning in stages of sports initiation in soccer., El fútbol es el deporte de masas por excelencia y el de mayor confluencia universal. la iniciación en este deporte requiere del desarrollo de ciertas habilidades motrices que pueden condicionar el éxito en la formación del deportista. la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo valorar las habilidades motrices en niños que se inician en la práctica de fútbol. El estudio se enfocó desde lo empírico analítico, de nivel descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo. fueron seleccionados intencionalmente 7 varones con rango de edades entre 8 y 13 años, a quienes se le aplicó el test 3JS de habilidades motrices, se evaluaron las 7 dimensiones establecidas como: salto vertical, bote, giro longitudinal, lanzamiento oculo manual, lanzamiento a precisión con miembros inferiores, carrera de slalom con obstaculos, conducción del balón en slalom. Los participantes recibieron previas inducciones y familiarización de la bateria del test y los padres firmaron consentimiento informado. Entre los principales resultados se observó que un 71% (5 niños) realizaron las pruebas en nivel perfecto, mientras que (2 niños) alcanzaron el máximo nivel de excelentes. como conclusiones, se estableció que los participantes se muestran en una adecuada ruta de formación en el fútbol de acuerdo con sus edades y tiempos de haberse iniciado en la práctica de este deporte. se recomienda hacer controles periódicos en el desarrollo de las habilidades motrices mediante la aplicación del test 3JS, para monitorear los progresos en los aprendizajes en etapas de iniciación deportivo en fútbol.

Aims: We sought to investigate if sex disparity exists for secondary prevention pharmacotherapy following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and impact on long-term clinical outcomes. Methods and results: We analysed data on medical management 30-day post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ACS in 20 976 patients within the multicentre Melbourne Interventional Group registry (2005-2017). Optimal medical therapy (OMT) was defined as five guideline-recommended medications, near-optimal medical therapy (NMT) as four medications, sub-optimal medical therapy (SMT) as ≤3 medications. Overall, 65% of patients received OMT, 27% NMT and 8% SMT. Mean age was 64 ± 12 years; 24% (4931) were female. Women were older (68 ± 12 vs. 62 ± 12 years) and had more comorbidities. Women were less likely to receive OMT (61% vs. 66%) and more likely to receive SMT (10% vs. 8%) compared to men, P < 0.001. On long-term follow-up (median 5 years, interquartile range 2-8 years), women had higher unadjusted mortality (20% vs. 13%, P < 0.001). However, after adjusting for medical therapy and baseline risk, women had lower long-term mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.98; P = 0.02]. NMT (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.31; P = 0.004) and SMT (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.55-2.07; P < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of long-term mortality. Conclusion: Women are less likely to be prescribed optimal secondary prevention medications following PCI for ACS. Lower adjusted long-term mortality amongst women suggests that as well as baseline differences between gender, optimization of secondary prevention medical therapy amongst women can lead to improved outcomes. This highlights the need to focus on minimizing the gap in secondary prevention pharmacotherapy between sexes following ACS.

The extremely heavy precipitation that initiated the Last Ice Age (the Wisconsin Glaciation in Canada) was caused by a strong and persistent atmospheric low-pressure system centered over the northern Labrador Sea and southern Baffin Bay. This system, called the Labrador Low, was dependent on strong deep-water formation in the northern end of Baffin Bay. The replacement for the sinking deep water consisted of warmer and more saline Irminger Current water that mixed into the northward-flowing West Greenland Current near the center of the Labrador Low. The heavy precipitation in northeastern Canada began after the stratification in Baffin Bay was eliminated by the southward flow of denser Atlantic water through the Nares Strait. This temporary flow began when the oscillating Atlantic Meridional Oceanic Circulation (AMOC) flow reached a maximum greater than today. This sent Atlantic water westward, north of Greenland and through the Nares Strait. Although the extremely heavy snowfall began the Wisconsin Glaciation in Canada, the initiation of the Last Ice Age in Eurasia was a more complex process and was delayed by about 4,000 years by formation of the Hudson Strait ice dam.

The regularity of the chemical initiation of ethacididimethylethyl ethynylate polymerization in the presence of solvents such as n-heptane and n-dioxane was studied. A uniform decrease in the relative velocity (Ws/Wm ) of the studied processes with an increase in the solvent fraction is shown, which indicates the identity of the mechanism of their occurrence

Due to the progress and globalization the contemporary world more and more differs from Christ and the teaching of the Church. Therefore, there is a need to look again at the essential though often discounted aspect of the sacraments of initiation and their role in pastoral and liturgical life of a parish. The aim of the review of fr. Andrzej Megger’s monograph entitled Sacraments of Christian Initiation in a Parish is the encouragement to read and explore the model of the pastoral work which often meets with ignorance or incomprehen sion in parish life reality. While reading the monograph it might be helpful to point the book’s specificity and to present the reviewer’s insights so that the people interested could analyze the thesis with the knowledge ofits assumptions and the scope of the research. Particularly significant for the future readers is the emphasis of the monograph’s role as a source of valuable knowledge which could be used in community pastoral work and therefore, it might be a compendium of appropriate and effective pastoralpremises. In order to provide content’s clearness the text is divided into paragraphs so that the main part of the article corresponds to individual chapters of the book. Accordingly to its nature, the review is fully based on the title mentioned above. To sum up, the result of the review is to outline the issues that are broadly discussed in the monograph. The article is also an incentive to read the book which might seem only a theoretical study but might as well greatly affect practical dimension of preparation and celebration of the sacraments of Christian initiation in a parish.

This paper focuses on the first steps of María Zambrano's political and philosophical exile in America from both textual and experiential points of view. In the fateful year 1939, the Spanish thinker, after living a few months in exile in Paris, arrived in Mexico, a land that would embrace her until her departure a year later to the largest of the Antilles islands, Cuba, her secret Island, a place for the poetic-sacred and meeting with true friends. In that descent into the infernos, his own word, made of affections, dreams and memory, will become salvation., El presente texto trata de recorrer, al unísono desde lo textual y lo vivencial, los primeros pasos del exilio político y filosófico de María Zambrano en América. La pensadora española, tras vivir unos meses de destierro en París, arribará en el fatídico 1939 a México, tierra que la abrazaría hasta su partida un año después hacia la mayor de las Antillas, Cuba, su Isla secreta, lugar de lo poético-sagrado y de encuentro con amistades verdaderas. En ese descenso a los ínferos su propia palabra, hecha de afectos, sueños y memoria, se volverá salvación.

Different cancer cell lines can have varying responses to the same perturbations or stressful conditions. Cancer cells that have DNA damage checkpoint-related mutations are often more sensitive to gene perturbations including altered Plk1 and p53 activities than cancer cells without these mutations. The perturbations often induce a cell cycle arrest in the former cancer, whereas they only delay the cell cycle progression in the latter cancer. To study crosstalk between Plk1, p53, and G2/M DNA damage checkpoint leading to differential cell cycle regulations, we developed a computational model by extending our recently developed model of mitotic cell cycle and including these key interactions. We have used the model to analyze the cancer cell cycle progression under various gene perturbations including Plk1-depletion conditions. We also analyzed mutations and perturbations in approximately 1800 different cell lines available in the Cancer Dependency Map and grouped lines by genes that are represented in our model. Our model successfully explained phenotypes of various cancer cell lines under different gene perturbations. Several sensitivity analysis approaches were used to identify the range of key parameter values that lead to the cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Our resulting model can be used to predict the effect of potential treatments targeting key mitotic and DNA damage checkpoint regulators on cell cycle progression of different types of cancer cells.

World Health Organization (WHO) och United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) rekommenderar att amningen initieras under den första timmen efter förlossningen och det optimala för barnets utveckling och tillväxt är att barnet fortsätter att helammas till och med sex månaders ålder. Rekommendationerna är viktiga ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv, där små förbättringar har stor betydelse för folkhälsan. Amning har många hälsofördelar både för mamman och det nyfödda barnet. Hud mot hud kontakten mellan mamman och barnet kan ses som det första steget för att amningsinitieringen ska lyckas. Amningsstatistiken visar att helamning under barnets första månader minskar och att delamning ökar. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka barnmorskans arbete med den tidiga initieringen av amningen. Metoden är en integrerad litteraturöversikt varav både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar inkluderades och sammanställdes. Totalt var det 17 vetenskapliga artiklar som inkluderades, varav sju kvantitativa artiklar, nio kvalitativa artiklar och en med mixad metod. Efter en sammanställning av artiklarna identifierades fem huvudkategorier med underkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var: På väg till bröstet, Praktiskt amningshjälp till mammorna, Amningsstöd, Information och kunskap och slutligen Organisatoriska faktorer. Resultatet visade att många nyblivna mammor upplevde en känsla av osäkerhet gällande sin egen förmåga av att amma och hade ett behov av både individanpassat stöd och bekräftelse av barnmorskan. När barnmorskan använde sig av det verbala stödet vid handläggningen av amningsinitieringen visade det främja amningsförloppet. Information och kunskap var viktiga för mamman då de erhölls en större förståelse för amningens hälsofördelar, vilket motiverade den fortsatta amningsinitieringen. Barnmorskans kompetens och kunskap var en betydande faktor som påverkade amnings utfallet. Utbildning om amning var avgörande, bristen på kunskap kunde ha en negativ påve, World health organization (WHO) and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) recommends that breastfeeding should be initiated during the first hour after birth and the optimum for the baby's development and growth is that the baby continues to be fully breastfed until the age of six months. The recommendations are important from a public health perspective, where small improvements are of great importance for public health. Breastfeeding has many health benefits for both the mother and the newborn baby. Skin-to-skin contact between the mother and baby be the first step to successful breastfeeding initiation. Breastfeeding statistics show that exclusive breastfeeding during the baby's first months decreases and that partial breastfeeding increases. The purpose of this literature review was to investigate the work of the midwife in the early initiation of breastfeeding. The method is an integrated literature review with both qualitative and quantitative articles included and compiled. A total of 17 scientific articles were included, seven quantitative articles, nine qualitative articles and a mixed method. Following a compilation of those articles, five main categories were identified with subcategories. The main categories were: On the way to the breast, Practical breastfeeding advises to the mothers, breastfeeding support, information and knowledge, and organizational factors. The results showed that many new mothers experienced a feeling of insecurity regarding their own ability to breastfeed and had a need for both individualized support and confirmation from the midwife. When the midwife used the verbal support in the handling of the breastfeeding initiation, it showed to be beneficial for the breastfeeding outcome. Information and knowledge were important for the mother as an increased understanding of the health benefits of breastfeeding, which motivated the continued initiation of breastfeeding. The midwife's competence and knowledge w

Upward lightning occurs generally from tall structures. The mechanism of the initiation of upward lightning is not yet fully understood. Upward lightning can be classified into two categories based on either the absence or the presence of other lightning activity prior to the upward flash. This work proposes an explanation of how upward lightning flashes can be triggered by nearby lightning activity. It is generally thought that the lightning activity prior to the flash will intensify the electric field at the tip of the tall structures. However, to the best of our knowledge, no attempt has been made to evaluate theoretically this hypothesis. In this paper, we derive analytically the electric field enhancement on the ground (or at the top of tall structures) based on different triggering scenarios. These fields are later used in a simplified corona model to evaluate if they are able to trigger upward lightning. It is shown that both slow processes such as leader propagation and faster return strokes can trigger an upward negative flash from relatively short structures of a few tens of meters, even without any slowly varying background electric field. This study confirms theoretically experimental observations and it provides new insights into the mechanisms of initiation of upward flashes from tall structures.

Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is one of Europe’s most important non-native tree species due to its drought tolerance as well as timber quality and yield. To obtain superior seed from selected parental trees, breeding programs had been established in seed orchards. Douglas fir seed is used as source material for somatic embryogenesis with the aim to select elite genotypes invaluable for clonal mass propagation. To improve given protocols for somatic embryo initiation, we used immature Douglas fir zygotic embryos as explants and abscisic acid (ABA) as plant growth regulator in contrast to the application of auxins and cytokinins. With ABA supplementation, induction frequencies were slightly but in mean higher than with auxin/cytokinin, showing also a strong genotype effect. This offered the possibility to capture SE cultures from otherwise recalcitrant crosses. Furthermore, we observed remarkable differences between the two sets of plant growth regulators concerning the morphological development of the explants, including the absence of non-embryogenic callus by using ABA as inducer. This simplifies the detection of events and the handling of the obtained cultures. Nevertheless, a histological approach suggested, that the same competent cells are addressed by the different hormonal stimulation. Besides, we studied the influence of different points in time of cone harvest, two different basal media and different genetic backgrounds of the explants as well as the maturation ability of the induced embryogenic cultures. In sum, we were able to improve the first steps of somatic embryogenesis and to maintain a significantly higher number of high-value genotypes., Peer Reviewed

Tomando como base un cultivo de aguacate Hass de la finca “Tierra Labrantia” y través de la Guía para la innovación de modelos de negocios, de Giraldo y Rivas-Montoya, se diseñó el modelo de negocio que más se ajustara a la comercialización del aguacate Hass. El modelo de negocio se diseñó analizando los testimonios recibidos de varias partes interesadas de la industria del aguacate (Comercializadoras, otras productoras, dueños del cultivo y agrónomo), revisando y analizando diferentes mega tendencias relacionadas con este producto. Una vez recopilados y analizados estos elementos se identificaron y se desarrollaron los diferentes componentes de las herramientas de planeación estratégica como los trabajos del cliente, las frustraciones y las alegrías, así como las respectivas actividades para aliviar esas frustraciones y crear alegrías en los clientes, para de esta manera poder desarrollar y entregar el producto que cumpliera con esas expectativas, los cuales se plasmaron en los lienzos de modelo de negocio y la propuesta de valor de Osterwalder y Pigneur, y el reloj estratégico de Bowman, con los cuales se diseñó una propuesta de valor adecuada para la comercialización del cultivo en mención. Siguiendo las fases de iniciación, ideación e integración de la guía, se buscó Diseñar una estrategia competitiva y un modelo de negocio para la comercialización del aguacate Hass, y de esta manera hacer un aporte, ojala valioso, al crecimiento económico del cultivo en mención., Based on a Hass avocado culture from “Tierra Labrantía farm, and using the Guía para la innovación de modelos de negocios, de Giraldo y Rivas-Montoya, a business model was designed to adjust to the commercialization of this product. The business model was designed analyzing interviews from stakeholders from to the hass industry (Marketers, producers, owners and agronomist) searching and analyzing different mega tendencies related to the hass avocado. Once this elements were collected and analyzed, different components from the strategic planning tools were identified, such as the customer Jobs, pains and gains, and the activities to relief pains and create gains to the customers, and this way develop and deliver a product that achieves with all expectations, which were portrayed in the business model and value proposal canvas from Osterwalder and Pigneur, and the Bowman strategic watch, which were used to design a proper value proposal for the commercialization of the culture. Following the initiation, ideation and integration phases from the guide, the competitive strategy and business model was designed to contribute to the economic growth of this culture.

We provide a detailed analysis of convectively generated cold pools (CPs) over flat midlatitude land, combining ten-year high-frequency time series of measurements at several heights available from the 213-m tower observatory at Cabauw, the Netherlands, with a collocated 2D radar rainfall dataset. This combination of data allows us to relate observations of the CP's temporal and vertical structure to the properties of each CP's parent rain cell, which we identify by rain-cell tracking. Using a new detection method, based on the anomalies of both the vertically averaged wind and the temperature, we monitor the arrival and passing of 189 CPs during ten summers (2010-2019). The time series show a clear signature of vortex-like motion along the leading CP edge in the vertical and horizontal wind measurements. The arrival of CP gust fronts is characterized by a steep decrease in both temperature and moisture, with a recovery time of approximately two hours. We see no evidence of moisture rings on the gust front edge, and therefore no indications for thermodynamic convective triggering. From the tower data, we obtain a median CP temperature drop of Tdrop approximate to-2.9 K and a height-averaged horizontal wind anomaly of Delta umax approximate to 4.4 m center dot s-1. Relating the individual CP's horizontal wind anomalies and temperature drops, we confirm the validity of the theoretical density current relationship, Delta umax proportional to Tdrop1/2. We further propose a simple statistical model to relate the CP strength defined by Tdrop to the environmental properties influencing the CP: rain intensity and lower boundary-layer saturation. A multivariate linear regression suggests a 1 K colder CP for a 4 mm center dot hr-1 more intense rain cell (instantaneous area-averaged rain intensity) or for a 2.5 K larger pre-CP dew-point depression.

Aims Obesity, an established risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF), is frequently associated with enhanced inflammatory response. However, whether inflammatory signaling is causally linked to AF pathogenesis in obesity remains elusive. We recently demonstrated that the constitutive activation of the 'NACHT, LRR, and PYD Domains-containing Protein 3' (NLRP3) inflammasome promotes AF susceptibility. In this study, we hypothesized that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key driver of obesity-induced AF.Methods and results Western blotting was performed to determine the level of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atrial tissues of and obese patients, sheep, and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The increased body weight in patients, sheep, and mice was associated with enhanced NLRP3-inflammasome activation. To determine whether NLRP3 contributes to the obesity-induced atrial arrhythmogenesis, wild-type (WT) and NLRP3 homozygous knockout (NLRP3(-/-)) mice were subjected to high-fat-diet (HFD) or normal chow (NC) for 10 weeks. Relative to NC-fed WT mice, HFD-fed WT mice were more susceptible to pacing-induced AF with longer AF duration. In contrast, HFD-fed NLRP3(-/-) mice were resistant to pacing-induced AF. Optical mapping in DIO mice revealed an arrhythmogenic substrate characterized by abbreviated refractoriness and action potential duration (APD), two key determinants of reentry-promoting electrical remodeling. Upregulation of ultra-rapid delayed-rectifier K+-channel (Kv1.5) contributed to the shortening of atrial refractoriness. Increased profibrotic signaling and fibrosis along with abnormal Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) accompanied atrial arrhythmogenesis in DIO mice. Conversely, genetic ablation of Nlrp3 (NLRP3(-/-)) in HFD-fed mice prevented the increases in Kv1.5 and the evolution of electrical remodeling, the upregulation of profibrotic genes, and abnormal SR Ca2+ release in DIO mice.Conclusion These results demonstrate that the atrial N

During steady-state Escherichia coli growth, the amount and activity of the initiator protein, DnaA, controls chromosome replication tightly so that initiation only takes place once per origin in each cell cycle, regardless of growth conditions. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved during transitions from one environmental condition to another or during starvation stress. ATP depletion is one of the consequences of long-term carbon starvation. Here we show that DnaA is degraded in ATP-depleted cells. A chromosome replication initiation block is apparent in such cells as no new rounds of DNA replication are initiated while replication events that have already started proceed to completion.

The sensitivity of energetic materials to initiating stimuli is one of the tests with binary response. Usually, there is not a single sharp boundary between energy levels causing initiation and not causing initiation. Instead, there is an interval of energies causing the initiation with certain probability, called the sensitivity curve. In the past, various methods were developed to determine the whole sensitivity curve, or its important points (e. g. Bruceton staircase, Robbins-Monroe, Langlie, Probit analysis, or Neyer'sD-optimal test, 3pod). All these methods, despite frequently used, have their limitations. We would like to introduce the new method/algorithm, called FEST (Fast and Efficient Sensitivity Testing), for the determination of a sensitivity curve. The sensitivity curve is represented by the cumulative distribution function for a lognormal distribution. The calculation of the level for the next shot is similar to Neyer's approach in the beginning of the test procedure. Later, after the overlap is reached and therefore unique maximum likelihood estimates for mu and sigma exist, the next shot level is calculated from these parameters using two user-defined constants. These constants can be used to shift the levels of testing into the area of interest of the sensitivity curve. In this article, the algorithm is introduced, its convergence to real values is supported by simple Monte Carlo simulations, and a real life example (determination of sensitivity to electrostatic discharge for a pyrotechnic mixture) is presented., Citlivost energetických materiálů na iniciační podněty je jedním z testů s binární odpovědí. Obvykle neexistuje jediná ostrá hranice mezi energetickými hladinami způsobujícími iniciaci a nezpůsobující iniciaci. Místo toho existuje interval energií způsobujících iniciaci s určitou pravděpodobností, který se nazývá křivka citlivosti. V minulosti byly vyvinuty různé metody pro stanovení celé křivky citlivosti nebo jejích důležitých bodů (např. Schodiště Bruceton, Robbins-Monroe, Langlie, Probitova analýza nebo Neyerův D-optimální test, 3pod). Všechny tyto metody, i přes často používané, mají svá omezení. Chtěli bychom zavést novou metodu / algoritmus pro stanovení křivky citlivosti s názvem FEST (Fast and Efficient Sensitivity Testing). Křivka citlivosti je reprezentována funkcí kumulativního rozdělení pro lognormální rozdělení. Výpočet úrovně pro další výstřel je podobný Neyerovu přístupu na začátku zkušebního postupu. Později, po dosažení překrytí, a proto existují jedinečné odhady maximální pravděpodobnosti pro mu a sigma, se z těchto parametrů vypočítá další úroveň výstřelu pomocí dvou uživatelem definovaných konstant. Tyto konstanty lze použít k posunutí úrovní testování do oblasti zájmu křivky citlivosti. V tomto článku je představen algoritmus, jeho konvergence ke skutečným hodnotám je podporována jednoduchými simulacemi Monte Carlo a je uveden reálný příklad (stanovení citlivosti na elektrostatický výboj pro pyrotechnickou směs).

Objective: Breastfeeding has been associated with many health benefits for both infant and mother. Trait mindfulness during pregnancy may have a beneficial impact on breastfeeding intention. The current study aimed to examine whether trait mindfulness during pregnancy was associated with antenatal breastfeeding intention. Design, setting and participants: The current study is part of a large prospective population-based cohort study among pregnant women in the south of the Netherlands. Measurements: A subsample of participants completed the Three Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form at 22 weeks of pregnancy and a question on their breastfeeding intention at 32 weeks of pregnancy (N=790). Moreover, the Edinburgh Depression Scale and Tilburg Pregnancy Distress scale were completed at 32 weeks of pregnancy to assess levels of distress. Findings: Univariate analyses showed that women with breastfeeding intention during pregnancy had significantly higher scores on the mindfulness facet non-reacting (p<.001, medium effect size) and significantly lower scores on acting with awareness (p=.035, small effect size). A subsequent multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only non-reacting remained significantly associated with antenatal breastfeeding intention (OR=1.09, 95% CI [1.03, 1.15], p=.001), after controlling for confounders. Women who eventually initiated breastfeeding had significantly higher non-reacting scores (p<.001, small to medium effect size). Key conclusions: The mindfulness facet non-reacting was found to be associated with antenatal breastfeeding intention. More research is needed to confirm our results, since the current study is one of the first assessing the possible relation of trait mindfulness during pregnancy and breastfeeding intention. Implications for practice: Mindfulness-based programs during pregnancy could be helpful in improving non-reacting in pregnant women

There is evidence that the process of executing a plannedutterance involves the use of both preceding-context and top-down cues. Utterance-initial words are cued only by the top-down plan. In contrast, non-initial words are cued both bytop-down cues and preceding-context cues. Co-existence ofboth cue types raises the question of how they interact duringlearning. We argue that this interaction is competitive: itemsthat tend to be preceded by predictive preceding-context cuesare harder to activate from the plan without this predictivecontext. A novel computational model of this competition isdeveloped. The model is tested on a corpus of repetitiondisfluencies and shown to account for the influences onpatterns of restarts during production. In particular, this modelpredicts a novel Initiation Effect: following an interruption,speakers re-initiate production from words that tend to occurin utterance-initial position, even when they are not initial inthe interrupted utterance.

Робота виконана в науково-дослідній лабораторії з проблем сейсмічної безпеки технологічних вибухів Інституту гідромеханіки Національної академії наук України., Дисертація присвячена вирішенню актуального для кар’єрів науковопрактичного завдання визначення параметрів сейсмовибухових хвиль, що формують сейсмічну дію короткосповільнених масових вибухів у кар’єрах та впливають й підвищують безпеку навколишніх будівель і споруд. Запропонована оцінка сейсмоефекту КСП системи свердловинних зарядів, яка полягає в урахуванні пауз сповільнення кожного заряду ВР та кількості ступенів сповільнення розосереджених свердловинних зарядів з інтервалами сповільнення, які не перевищують 90° зсуву фаз між ними, в т.ч. і за наявності непланового часового розкиду їх ініціювання, одержані розрахункові параметри сейсмічних хвиль на рівні допустимих похибок сейсмометричної апаратури. Розроблені і впроваджені рекомендації з визначення параметрів вибухових робіт та відстаней до них, що забезпечують сейсмічну безпеку важливих об’єктів державного значення.