Search

This report describes the design and construction of a tilting platform for sorting household waste, limited to plastic, glass, and metal. The platform utilizes a capacitive sensor to identify if an object is placed on the platform, an inductive sensor to detect metal, and a load cell to differentiate between plastic and glass based on their weight difference. The load cell was found to be inaccurate due to sensitivity to physical changes in the environment and sensor placement, leading to inaccurate weight measurements. Relocating the sensors away from the load cell is recommended to improve accuracy. The platform tilts using to two servomotors, which makes the platform tilt in two degrees of freedom. This solution worked as thought out, except for the universal joint having poor quality, resulting in a wobbly motion., Denna rapport beskriver designen och konstruktionen av en vippande plattform för sortering av hushållsavfall begränsat till plast, glas och metall. Plattformen använder en kapacitiv sensor för att identifiera om ett föremål placeras på den, en induktiv sensor för att detektera metall och en lastcell för att skilja mellan plast och glas baserat på deras viktskillnad. Lastcellen visade sig vara opålitlig på grund av dess känslighet för fysiska förändringar i miljön och placeringen av sensorerna, vilket ledde till felaktiga viktmätningar. Det rekommenderas att flytta sensorerna bort från lastcellen för att förbättra noggrannheten. Den lutande funktionen drivs av två servomotorer som var funktionell men hade en ostadig rörelse på grund av dåliga universal joints.

This report describes the design and construction of a tilting platform for sorting household waste, limited to plastic, glass, and metal. The platform utilizes a capacitive sensor to identify if an object is placed on the platform, an inductive sensor to detect metal, and a load cell to differentiate between plastic and glass based on their weight difference. The load cell was found to be inaccurate due to sensitivity to physical changes in the environment and sensor placement, leading to inaccurate weight measurements. Relocating the sensors away from the load cell is recommended to improve accuracy. The platform tilts using to two servomotors, which makes the platform tilt in two degrees of freedom. This solution worked as thought out, except for the universal joint having poor quality, resulting in a wobbly motion., Denna rapport beskriver designen och konstruktionen av en vippande plattform för sortering av hushållsavfall begränsat till plast, glas och metall. Plattformen använder en kapacitiv sensor för att identifiera om ett föremål placeras på den, en induktiv sensor för att detektera metall och en lastcell för att skilja mellan plast och glas baserat på deras viktskillnad. Lastcellen visade sig vara opålitlig på grund av dess känslighet för fysiska förändringar i miljön och placeringen av sensorerna, vilket ledde till felaktiga viktmätningar. Det rekommenderas att flytta sensorerna bort från lastcellen för att förbättra noggrannheten. Den lutande funktionen drivs av två servomotorer som var funktionell men hade en ostadig rörelse på grund av dåliga universal joints.

We demonstrate how resonant planar coils may be used as sensors to detect and quantify magnetic nanoparticles reliably. A coil’s resonant frequency depends on the adjacent materials’ magnetic permeability and electric permittivity. A small number of nanoparticles dispersed on a supporting matrix on top of a planar coil circuit may thus be quantified. Such nanoparticle detection has application detection to create new devices to assess biomedicine, food quality assurance, and environmental control challenges. We developed a mathematical model for the inductive sensor response at radio frequencies to obtain the nanoparticles’ mass from the self-resonance frequency of the coil. In the model, the calibration parameters only depend on the refraction index of the material around the coil, not on the separate magnetic permeability and electric permittivity. The model compares favourably with three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations and independent experimental measurements. The sensor can be scaled and automated in portable devices to measure small quantities of nanoparticles at a low cost. The resonant sensor combined with the mathematical model is a significant improvement over simple inductive sensors, which operate at smaller frequencies and do not have the required sensitivity, and oscillator-based inductive sensors, which focus on just magnetic permeability.

Sensors based on chaotic oscillators have a simple design, combined with high sensitivity and energy efficiency. Among many developed schemes of such sensors, the promising one is based on the Duffing oscillator, which possesses a remarkable property of demonstrating chaotic oscillations only in the presence of a weak sine wave at the input. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the maximal sensitivity of a practically implemented metal detector based on the Duffing oscillator and compare its sensitivity with conventional sensors. To achieve high efficiency of the Duffing-based design, we proposed an algorithm which performs a bifurcation analysis of any chaotic system, classifies the oscillation modes and determines the system sensitivity to a change in different parameters. We apply the developed algorithm to improve the sensitivity of the electronic circuit implementing the Duffing oscillator, serving as a key part of a three-coil metal detector. We show that the developed design allows detecting the presence of metal objects near the coils more reliably than the conventional signal analysis techniques, and the developed detector is capable of sensing a large metal plate at distances up to 2.8 of the coil diameter, which can be considered a state-of-the-art result. © 2022 by the authors.

The project deals with the designing a system which will monitor a different aspects of the juice machine, more particularly quantity, quality, and output t i.e. packet of juice to reach a final destination through an aid of conveyor belt. The system is designed with the ultimate object that a packet of juice will be filled automatically and the number of juice packet will be get counted automatically. In order to reach a definite conclusion a system is also designed with the aid of different type of sensors like inductive, capacitive, Infrared (IR). The system is designed in a such a way that the desired object i.e. juice packet will passed through metal detector test so that ultimately it will be in a pure condition means without any metal particles .

This system presents a detail analysis of Bluetooth based industrial automation. This system is based on Arduino kit and Bluetooth module. Bluetooth which is used as data transmission is at its high rate. Automation in this field is mandatory to ensure the safety of the workers. This system also uses the android app for controlling operations of the elements. Due to android app distance is maintained from big machines, so there is no need to go closer and make the operations. Pneumatic cylinders will co-ordinate to the system as well as give the accuracy in operation of crushing. Inductive sensors carried out process of sorting of metal and non-metal efficiently. System is totally based on correct combination of conveyer, inductive proximity sensors and pneumatic cylinder. On conveyer there is an input of both metal as well as non-metal material. Then system will sort it with the help of sensors and sorted metal will be pushed out in the crusher box to crush it. Once metal can drop into box then it will be crushed and collected in the bean

The project deals with the designing a system which will monitor a different aspects of the juice machine, more particularly quantity, quality, and output t i.e. packet of juice to reach a final destination through an aid of conveyor belt. The system is designed with the ultimate object that a packet of juice will be filled automatically and the number of juice packet will be get counted automatically. In order to reach a definite conclusion a system is also designed with the aid of different type of sensors like inductive, capacitive, Infrared (IR). The system is designed in a such a way that the desired object i.e. juice packet will passed through metal detector test so that ultimately it will be in a pure condition means without any metal particles .

The project deals with the designing a system which will monitor a different aspects of the juice machine, more particularly quantity, quality, and output t i.e. packet of juice to reach a final destination through an aid of conveyor belt. The system is designed with the ultimate object that a packet of juice will be filled automatically and the number of juice packet will be get counted automatically. In order to reach a definite conclusion a system is also designed with the aid of different type of sensors like inductive, capacitive, Infrared (IR). The system is designed in a such a way that the desired object i.e. juice packet will passed through metal detector test so that ultimately it will be in a pure condition means without any metal particles .

The project deals with the designing a system which will monitor a different aspects of the juice machine, more particularly quantity, quality, and output t i.e. packet of juice to reach a final destination through an aid of conveyor belt. The system is designed with the ultimate object that a packet of juice will be filled automatically and the number of juice packet will be get counted automatically. In order to reach a definite conclusion a system is also designed with the aid of different type of sensors like inductive, capacitive, Infrared (IR). The system is designed in a such a way that the desired object i.e. juice packet will passed through metal detector test so that ultimately it will be in a pure condition means without any metal particles .

This system presents a detail analysis of Bluetooth based industrial automation. This system is based on Arduino kit and Bluetooth module. Bluetooth which is used as data transmission is at its high rate. Automation in this field is mandatory to ensure the safety of the workers. This system also uses the android app for controlling operations of the elements. Due to android app distance is maintained from big machines, so there is no need to go closer and make the operations. Pneumatic cylinders will co-ordinate to the system as well as give the accuracy in operation of crushing. Inductive sensors carried out process of sorting of metal and non-metal efficiently. System is totally based on correct combination of conveyer, inductive proximity sensors and pneumatic cylinder. On conveyer there is an input of both metal as well as non-metal material. Then system will sort it with the help of sensors and sorted metal will be pushed out in the crusher box to crush it. Once metal can drop into box then it will be crushed and collected in the bean

This system presents a detail analysis of Bluetooth based industrial automation. This system is based on Arduino kit and Bluetooth module. Bluetooth which is used as data transmission is at its high rate. Automation in this field is mandatory to ensure the safety of the workers. This system also uses the android app for controlling operations of the elements. Due to android app distance is maintained from big machines, so there is no need to go closer and make the operations. Pneumatic cylinders will co-ordinate to the system as well as give the accuracy in operation of crushing. Inductive sensors carried out process of sorting of metal and non-metal efficiently. System is totally based on correct combination of conveyer, inductive proximity sensors and pneumatic cylinder. On conveyer there is an input of both metal as well as non-metal material. Then system will sort it with the help of sensors and sorted metal will be pushed out in the crusher box to crush it. Once metal can drop into box then it will be crushed and collected in the bean

This system presents a detail analysis of Bluetooth based industrial automation. This system is based on Arduino kit and Bluetooth module. Bluetooth which is used as data transmission is at its high rate. Automation in this field is mandatory to ensure the safety of the workers. This system also uses the android app for controlling operations of the elements. Due to android app distance is maintained from big machines, so there is no need to go closer and make the operations. Pneumatic cylinders will co-ordinate to the system as well as give the accuracy in operation of crushing. Inductive sensors carried out process of sorting of metal and non-metal efficiently. System is totally based on correct combination of conveyer, inductive proximity sensors and pneumatic cylinder. On conveyer there is an input of both metal as well as non-metal material. Then system will sort it with the help of sensors and sorted metal will be pushed out in the crusher box to crush it. Once metal can drop into box then it will be crushed and collected in the bean

The project deals with the designing a system which will monitor a different aspects of the juice machine, more particularly quantity, quality, and output t i.e. packet of juice to reach a final destination through an aid of conveyor belt. The system is designed with the ultimate object that a packet of juice will be filled automatically and the number of juice packet will be get counted automatically. In order to reach a definite conclusion a system is also designed with the aid of different type of sensors like inductive, capacitive, Infrared (IR). The system is designed in a such a way that the desired object i.e. juice packet will passed through metal detector test so that ultimately it will be in a pure condition means without any metal particles .

The project deals with the designing a system which will monitor a different aspects of the juice machine, more particularly quantity, quality, and output t i.e. packet of juice to reach a final destination through an aid of conveyor belt. The system is designed with the ultimate object that a packet of juice will be filled automatically and the number of juice packet will be get counted automatically. In order to reach a definite conclusion a system is also designed with the aid of different type of sensors like inductive, capacitive, Infrared (IR). The system is designed in a such a way that the desired object i.e. juice packet will passed through metal detector test so that ultimately it will be in a pure condition means without any metal particles .

This system presents a detail analysis of Bluetooth based industrial automation. This system is based on Arduino kit and Bluetooth module. Bluetooth which is used as data transmission is at its high rate. Automation in this field is mandatory to ensure the safety of the workers. This system also uses the android app for controlling operations of the elements. Due to android app distance is maintained from big machines, so there is no need to go closer and make the operations. Pneumatic cylinders will co-ordinate to the system as well as give the accuracy in operation of crushing. Inductive sensors carried out process of sorting of metal and non-metal efficiently. System is totally based on correct combination of conveyer, inductive proximity sensors and pneumatic cylinder. On conveyer there is an input of both metal as well as non-metal material. Then system will sort it with the help of sensors and sorted metal will be pushed out in the crusher box to crush it. Once metal can drop into box then it will be crushed and collected in the bean

This system presents a detail analysis of Bluetooth based industrial automation. This system is based on Arduino kit and Bluetooth module. Bluetooth which is used as data transmission is at its high rate. Automation in this field is mandatory to ensure the safety of the workers. This system also uses the android app for controlling operations of the elements. Due to android app distance is maintained from big machines, so there is no need to go closer and make the operations. Pneumatic cylinders will co-ordinate to the system as well as give the accuracy in operation of crushing. Inductive sensors carried out process of sorting of metal and non-metal efficiently. System is totally based on correct combination of conveyer, inductive proximity sensors and pneumatic cylinder. On conveyer there is an input of both metal as well as non-metal material. Then system will sort it with the help of sensors and sorted metal will be pushed out in the crusher box to crush it. Once metal can drop into box then it will be crushed and collected in the bean

[EN] Soil moisture control is crucial to assess irrigation efficiency in green areas and agriculture. In this paper, we propose the design and calibration of a sensor based on inductive coils and electromagnetic fields. The proposed prototypes should meet a series of requirements such as low power consumption, low relative error, and a high voltage difference between the minimum and maximum moisture. We tested different prototypes based on two copper coils divided into two different sets (P1-P15 and NP1-NP4). The prototypes have different characteristics: variations in the number and distribution of spires, existence or absence of casing, and copper wires with a diameter of 0.4 or 0.6 mm. In the first set of experiments carried out in commercial soil, the results showed that the best prototypes were P5, P8, and P9. These prototypes were used in different types of soils, and P8 was selected for the subsequent tests. We carried the second set of experiments using soil from an agricultural field. Based on the data gathered, mathematical models for the calibration of prototypes were obtained and verified. In some cases, two equations were used for different moisture intervals in a single prototype. According to the verification results, NP2 is the best prototype for monitoring the moisture in agricultural lands. It presented a difference in induced voltage of 1.8 V, at 500 kHz, between wet and dry soil with a maximum voltage of 5.12 V. The verification of the calibration determined that the calibration using two mathematical models offers better results, with an average absolute error of 2.1% of moisture.

[EN] Soil moisture control is crucial to assess irrigation efficiency in green areas and agriculture. In this paper, we propose the design and calibration of a sensor based on inductive coils and electromagnetic fields. The proposed prototypes should meet a series of requirements such as low power consumption, low relative error, and a high voltage difference between the minimum and maximum moisture. We tested different prototypes based on two copper coils divided into two different sets (P1-P15 and NP1-NP4). The prototypes have different characteristics: variations in the number and distribution of spires, existence or absence of casing, and copper wires with a diameter of 0.4 or 0.6 mm. In the first set of experiments carried out in commercial soil, the results showed that the best prototypes were P5, P8, and P9. These prototypes were used in different types of soils, and P8 was selected for the subsequent tests. We carried the second set of experiments using soil from an agricultural field. Based on the data gathered, mathematical models for the calibration of prototypes were obtained and verified. In some cases, two equations were used for different moisture intervals in a single prototype. According to the verification results, NP2 is the best prototype for monitoring the moisture in agricultural lands. It presented a difference in induced voltage of 1.8 V, at 500 kHz, between wet and dry soil with a maximum voltage of 5.12 V. The verification of the calibration determined that the calibration using two mathematical models offers better results, with an average absolute error of 2.1% of moisture.

The project deals with the designing a system which will monitor a different aspects of the juice machine, more particularly quantity, quality, and output t i.e. packet of juice to reach a final destination through an aid of conveyor belt. The system is designed with the ultimate object that a packet of juice will be filled automatically and the number of juice packet will be get counted automatically. In order to reach a definite conclusion a system is also designed with the aid of different type of sensors like inductive, capacitive, Infrared (IR). The system is designed in a such a way that the desired object i.e. juice packet will passed through metal detector test so that ultimately it will be in a pure condition means without any metal particles .

This system presents a detail analysis of Bluetooth based industrial automation. This system is based on Arduino kit and Bluetooth module. Bluetooth which is used as data transmission is at its high rate. Automation in this field is mandatory to ensure the safety of the workers. This system also uses the android app for controlling operations of the elements. Due to android app distance is maintained from big machines, so there is no need to go closer and make the operations. Pneumatic cylinders will co-ordinate to the system as well as give the accuracy in operation of crushing. Inductive sensors carried out process of sorting of metal and non-metal efficiently. System is totally based on correct combination of conveyer, inductive proximity sensors and pneumatic cylinder. On conveyer there is an input of both metal as well as non-metal material. Then system will sort it with the help of sensors and sorted metal will be pushed out in the crusher box to crush it. Once metal can drop into box then it will be crushed and collected in the bean

Experimental validation of numeric results for an inductive probe shows that narrow gaps between two plates can be measured with accuracy suitable for laser beam welding. A two-coil inductive probe for measurement of the gap was built based on finite element modelling results. The individual coils were calibrated using a complex response method, and results from the physical coils closely match the numerical results regarding distance to gap and lift-off above the plate. The measurement of a realistic gap shows results that can be used in industrial applications for position, plate height and height alignment.

Experimental validation of numeric results for an inductive probe shows that narrow gaps between two plates can be measured with accuracy suitable for laser beam welding. A two-coil inductive probe for measurement of the gap was built based on finite element modelling results. The individual coils were calibrated using a complex response method, and results from the physical coils closely match the numerical results regarding distance to gap and lift-off above the plate. The measurement of a realistic gap shows results that can be used in industrial applications for position, plate height and height alignment.

[EN] Precision agriculture is a current tendency whose goal is to increase the crop production while reducing the water and fertilization use. The use of low cost sensors and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are frequently used to implement complex systems to control the irrigation process in crops. Taking into account the importance of developing these low cost systems, in this paper we present a practical study that compares a commercial soil moisture sensor with the prototype of our inductive soil moisture sensor, which is based on two solenoid coils. Additionally, we measure its performance as a function of the soil temperature to quantify the effect of this parameter in the sensor measurements. The results show that the temperature greatly affects the sensors measurements and, although our sensor could be used to measure the soil moisture as a function of the temperature, the configuration of two solenoids is not the most suitable to perform this kind of measurements

[EN] Precision agriculture is a current tendency whose goal is to increase the crop production while reducing the water and fertilization use. The use of low cost sensors and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are frequently used to implement complex systems to control the irrigation process in crops. Taking into account the importance of developing these low cost systems, in this paper we present a practical study that compares a commercial soil moisture sensor with the prototype of our inductive soil moisture sensor, which is based on two solenoid coils. Additionally, we measure its performance as a function of the soil temperature to quantify the effect of this parameter in the sensor measurements. The results show that the temperature greatly affects the sensors measurements and, although our sensor could be used to measure the soil moisture as a function of the temperature, the configuration of two solenoids is not the most suitable to perform this kind of measurements

This paper proposes a low-cost interface circuit for differential inductive sensors where the sensor is directly connected to a microcontroller unit (MCU) without any active intermediate electronics in between. The timer embedded into the MCU is employed to measure the discharging or charging time interval of two passive RL networks formed by each sensor coil and an external resistor. Two topologies of the circuit are presented, evaluating their advantages and drawbacks. One of the topologies is implemented using a low-cost 8-bit MCU (Atmel ATmega328P) and its transfer characteristics is evaluated when measuring a commercial displacement inductive sensor. Experimental results show that, in a range of ±25 mm, the non-linearity error is smaller than 1%, and the resolution is 9 bits for an overall measuring time of a few milliseconds., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Experimental validation of numeric results for an inductive probe shows that narrow gaps between two plates can be measured with accuracy suitable for laser beam welding. A two-coil inductive probe for measurement of the gap was built based on finite element modelling results. The individual coils were calibrated using a complex response method, and results from the physical coils closely match the numerical results regarding distance to gap and lift-off above the plate. The measurement of a realistic gap shows results that can be used in industrial applications for position, plate height and height alignment.

Experimental validation of numeric results for an inductive probe shows that narrow gaps between two plates can be measured with accuracy suitable for laser beam welding. A two-coil inductive probe for measurement of the gap was built based on finite element modelling results. The individual coils were calibrated using a complex response method, and results from the physical coils closely match the numerical results regarding distance to gap and lift-off above the plate. The measurement of a realistic gap shows results that can be used in industrial applications for position, plate height and height alignment.

Experimental validation of numeric results for an inductive probe shows that narrow gaps between two plates can be measured with accuracy suitable for laser beam welding. A two-coil inductive probe for measurement of the gap was built based on finite element modelling results. The individual coils were calibrated using a complex response method, and results from the physical coils closely match the numerical results regarding distance to gap and lift-off above the plate. The measurement of a realistic gap shows results that can be used in industrial applications for position, plate height and height alignment.

This paper proposes a novel method for demodulating low-frequency amplitude-modulated (AM) signals provided by sensors. The method relies on a digital timer that carries out the demodulation and digitization simultaneously, without requiring a rectifier, a mixer, a low-pass filter, or an analog-to-digital converter. This timer-based demodulator extracts the amplitude of the AM signal by measuring the period of a reference signal that is altered by the AM signal itself. The period measurement undergoes a deviation that carries information about the amplitude of the AM signal. The feasibility and also the limitations, such as the nonlinearity and aliasing effects, of this novel demodulator are proved theoretically and experimentally. The concept is also applied to measure an inductive displacement sensor in a range of ±30 mm. A nonlinearity error of 0.5% full-scale span and a resolution of 9 bits are achieved for an overall measuring time of 100 ms., Postprint (published version)

This paper provides the development of an axial suspended active magnetic bearing (AMB) experimental bench for load and disturbance tests. This test bench must be capable of levitating a 2 kg steel disc at a stable working distance of 3 mm and a maximum attraction distance of 6 mm. The suspension is accomplished by two electromagnets producing upward and downward attraction forces to support the steel disc. An inductive sensor measures the position of the steel disc and relays this to a PC based controller board (dSPACE® controller). The control system uses this information to regulate the electromagnetic force on the steel disc. The intent is to construct this system using relatively low‑cost, low‑precision components, and still be able to stably levitate the 2 kg steel disc with high precision. The dSPACE® software (ControlDesk®) was used for data acquisition. In this paper, an overview of the system design is presented, followed by the axial AMB model design, inductive sensor design, actuating unit design and controller development and implementation. The paper concludes with results obtained from the dSPACE® controller and evaluation of the axial suspended AMB experimental bench with load and disturbance tests

This paper provides the development of an axial suspended active magnetic bearing (AMB) experimental bench for load and disturbance tests. This test bench must be capable of levitating a 2 kg steel disc at a stable working distance of 3 mm and a maximum attraction distance of 6 mm. The suspension is accomplished by two electromagnets producing upward and downward attraction forces to support the steel disc. An inductive sensor measures the position of the steel disc and relays this to a PC based controller board (dSPACE® controller). The control system uses this information to regulate the electromagnetic force on the steel disc. The intent is to construct this system using relatively low‑cost, low‑precision components, and still be able to stably levitate the 2 kg steel disc with high precision. The dSPACE® software (ControlDesk®) was used for data acquisition. In this paper, an overview of the system design is presented, followed by the axial AMB model design, inductive sensor design, actuating unit design and controller development and implementation. The paper concludes with results obtained from the dSPACE® controller and evaluation of the axial suspended AMB experimental bench with load and disturbance tests

This paper provides the development of an axial suspended active magnetic bearing (AMB) experimental bench for load and disturbance tests. This test bench must be capable of levitating a 2 kg steel disc at a stable working distance of 3 mm and a maximum attraction distance of 6 mm. The suspension is accomplished by two electromagnets producing upward and downward attraction forces to support the steel disc. An inductive sensor measures the position of the steel disc and relays this to a PC based controller board (dSPACE® controller). The control system uses this information to regulate the electromagnetic force on the steel disc. The intent is to construct this system using relatively low‑cost, low‑precision components, and still be able to stably levitate the 2 kg steel disc with high precision. The dSPACE® software (ControlDesk®) was used for data acquisition. In this paper, an overview of the system design is presented, followed by the axial AMB model design, inductive sensor design, actuating unit design and controller development and implementation. The paper concludes with results obtained from the dSPACE® controller and evaluation of the axial suspended AMB experimental bench with load and disturbance tests

This paper proposes and analyses a microcontroller-based interface circuit for inductive sensors with a variable self-inductance. Besides the microcontroller (mu C) and the sensor, the circuit just requires an external resistor and a reference inductor so that two RL circuits are formed. The mu C appropriately excites such RL circuits in order to measure the discharging time of the voltage across each inductor (i.e. sensing and reference) and then it uses such discharging times to estimate the sensor inductance. Experimental tests using different commercial mu Cs at different clock frequencies show the limitations (especially, due to parasitic resistances and quantisation) and the performance of the proposed circuit when measuring inductances in the millihenry range. A non-linearity error lower than 0.3% full-scale span (FSS) and a resolution of 10 bits are achieved, which are remarkable values considering the simplicity of the circuit. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Postprint (author's final draft)

The research deals with developing the control unit for variable displacement axial-piston pump with a hydromechanical control in the test bed of double-split hydrostatic mechanical transmission. Step electric drive was used as an actuator for controlling the hydraulic pump. During the study, static modes, as well as acceleration and deceleration processes of the tractor were simulated.As a result, high positioning accuracy of the hydraulic pump swash plate, regardless of speed and load on the output shaft was observed, and developed software has allowed to reproduce linear and nonlinear control laws. The relationship between the braking torque, applied to the output shaft, and a step change in its speed was revealed. Step electric drive in combination with the hydromechanical control of positive-displacement hydraulic machine can serve low-cost alternative to the electric proportional control.The designed stand is reconfigurable, which allows to perform a number of studies for the hydrostatic transmissions with a differential "at the output" and "at the input" and has the potential for further improvements., Подробно описаны конструкции испытательного стенда двухпоточной гидрообъемно-механической трансмиссии в целом, системы управления, функции применяемого программного продукта, а также приборы для сбора информации. Исследовано влияние шагового двигателя, в качестве исполнительного элемента системы управления объемной гидромашиной с гидромеханическим управлением, на основные показатели работы трансмиссии. Приведены и проанализированы полученные экспериментальные зависимости., Детально розглянуті конструкції випробувального стенду двохпоточної гідрооб'ємно-механічної трансмісії в цілому, системи керування, функції програмного продукту, що застосовувався, а також прилади для збору інформації. Досліджено вплив крокового двигуна, в якості виконавчого елемента системи керування об'ємною гідромашиною з гідромеханічним керуванням, на основні показники роботи трансмісії. Наведено та проаналізовано отримані експериментальні залежності.

This work proposes a fully-digital interface circuit for the measurement of inductive sensors using a low-cost microcontroller (µC) and without any intermediate active circuit. Apart from the µC and the sensor, the circuit just requires an external resistor and a reference inductance so that two RL circuits with a high-pass filter (HPF) topology are formed. The µC appropriately excites such RL circuits in order to measure the discharging time of the voltage across each inductance (i.e. sensing and reference) and then it uses such discharging times to estimate the sensor inductance. Experimental tests using a commercial µC show a non-linearity error (NLE) lower than 0.5%FSS (Full-Scale Span) when measuring inductances from 1 mH to 10 mH, and from 10 mH to 100 mH., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Monitoring of technology processes is crucial for quality management and also for effectiveness of following logistics chain to achieve customer expectations and requirements. The control of upheavals of moulding presses often fails in using manual records. It is crucial mainly for owner's moulds. The improvement is solved by RFID technology and read-write tags. This paper focuses on full description of the system which controls the number of upheavals of the moulding press. It is not based on direct recording into tags, but on clientserver application. It uses web based interface with access by mobile phone. The evaluation in real operation confirms improvement in controlling of moulds operation., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The purpose of this paper is to motivate and inspire students to investigate and understand fundamental principles of electrical engineering such as magnetic levitation, control theory and sensor design. This paper describes the development process of an axial active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. The objective is to design, build, and control a magnetic levitation test bed. This test bed must be capable of levitating a 2 kg steel disc at a stable working distance of 3 mm and a maximum attraction distance of 6 mm. The levitation is accomplished by two electromagnets producing upward and downward attraction forces to support the steel disc. An inductive sensor measures the position of the steel disc and relays this to a PC based controller board (dSpace® controller). The control system uses this information to regulate the electromagnetic force on the steel disc. The intent is to construct this system using relatively low-cost, low-precision components and still be able to stably levitate the 2 kg steel disc with high-precision. The dSpace® software, Controldesk® will be used for data acquisition. In this paper an overview of the system design will be presented, followed by the axial AMB model design, inductive sensor design, actuating unit design and controller development and implementation. The paper ends with results obtained with the dSpace® controller and evaluation of the AMB system

The purpose of this paper is to motivate and inspire students to investigate and understand fundamental principles of electrical engineering such as magnetic levitation, control theory and sensor design. This paper describes the development process of an axial active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. The objective is to design, build, and control a magnetic levitation test bed. This test bed must be capable of levitating a 2 kg steel disc at a stable working distance of 3 mm and a maximum attraction distance of 6 mm. The levitation is accomplished by two electromagnets producing upward and downward attraction forces to support the steel disc. An inductive sensor measures the position of the steel disc and relays this to a PC based controller board (dSpace® controller). The control system uses this information to regulate the electromagnetic force on the steel disc. The intent is to construct this system using relatively low-cost, low-precision components and still be able to stably levitate the 2 kg steel disc with high-precision. The dSpace® software, Controldesk® will be used for data acquisition. In this paper an overview of the system design will be presented, followed by the axial AMB model design, inductive sensor design, actuating unit design and controller development and implementation. The paper ends with results obtained with the dSpace® controller and evaluation of the AMB system

The purpose of this paper is to motivate and inspire students to investigate and understand fundamental principles of electrical engineering such as magnetic levitation, control theory and sensor design. This paper describes the development process of an axial active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. The objective is to design, build, and control a magnetic levitation test bed. This test bed must be capable of levitating a 2 kg steel disc at a stable working distance of 3 mm and a maximum attraction distance of 6 mm. The levitation is accomplished by two electromagnets producing upward and downward attraction forces to support the steel disc. An inductive sensor measures the position of the steel disc and relays this to a PC based controller board (dSpace® controller). The control system uses this information to regulate the electromagnetic force on the steel disc. The intent is to construct this system using relatively low-cost, low-precision components and still be able to stably levitate the 2 kg steel disc with high-precision. The dSpace® software, Controldesk® will be used for data acquisition. In this paper an overview of the system design will be presented, followed by the axial AMB model design, inductive sensor design, actuating unit design and controller development and implementation. The paper ends with results obtained with the dSpace® controller and evaluation of the AMB system

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá analýzou měřicího zařízení pro testování induktivních snímačů v klimatické komoře, kde je poukázáno především na chyby a nedostatky tohoto zařízení. Na základě této analýzy je proveden návrh nového měřicího systému, který tyto nedostatky zcela nebo z velké části odstraní. V rámci nového návrhu měřicího systému je přidáno i několik nových užitečných funkcí., This thesis deals with the analysis of the measuring equipment for the testing of inductive sensors in the climatic chamber, which mainly highlights the faults and deficiencies of this device. Based on this analysis, a new measurement system is designed to eliminate these or all the deficiencies. Several new useful features are added to the new design of the measuring system.

První dvě kapitoly jsou věnovány obecné problematice týkající se Achillovy šlachy a přibližují důležité poznatky, které jsou nutné pro následnou praktickou část. Té jsou věnovány kapitoly následující. První kapitola je spíše lékařského charakteru. Vysvětluje funkčnost a umístění Achillovy šlachy, ale především podstatu jejího vyšetření. Následně navazují kapitoly zabývající se problematikou sestavení funkčního přístroje pro snímání reflexu Achillovy šlachy. Tato část začíná třetí kapitolou a rozebírá sestavení blokových schémat pro daný snímač a jeho technické řešení. Následuje kapitola se sestavením elektrických obvodů, výpočet jednotlivých hodnot součástek pro zařízení snímající reflex Achillovy šlachy. Pátá kapitola řeší možnost zobrazení nasnímaného signálu a závěrečná kapitola je věnována měřením daným přístrojem na skupině dobrovolníků., The first two chapters are devoted to general issues relating to the Achilles tendon and brings important insights that are required for subsequent practical part. To the practical part is also devoted the following chapter. The first chapter is more of a medical nature. It explains the function and location of the Achilles tendon. Above all, the nature of the examination. Then follow chapters dealing with the assembly of functional devices for sensing the Achilles tendon reflex. This section begins in the third chapter discusses the preparation and block diagrams for the sensor and its technical solutions. The following chapter is about constructing electrical circuits, calculation of component values for the device of Achilles tendon reflex. The fifth chapter deals with the ability to view the scanned signal and the final chapter is devoted to measurements of the device on a group of volunteers.

Práce se zabývá problematikou měření výkonu i složek elektrického a magnetického pole. V práci je proveden rozbor metod pro měření pulsního napětí, proudu a okamžitého výkonu elektromagnetického pulsu. Je navržena metoda a pracoviště pro měření okamžitého výkonu elektromagnetického pulsu. Vybraná měřicí metoda je experimentálně realizována., This thesis deals with the aspects of methods for power and elements of electric and magnetic field measurement. Analysis of methods are performed for measuring pulsed voltage, current and power electromagnetic puls in this thesis. The method and workplace for measuring power of electromagnetic field is designed. The measurement method has been experimentally realized.

Tato bakalářská práce obsahuje teoretický popis vybraných snímačů délky s důrazem na indukčnostní a optické snímače. Hlavním přínosem práce je návrh a realizace speciálního indukčnostního snímače s malou přítlačnou silou a optického snímače s rozlišením 2,5 nanometrů. V práci jsou analyzovány vybrané metrologické vlastnosti navržených snímačů a formulace doporučení pro jejich praktické využití., This bachelor thesis contains a theoretical description of selected length sensors with emphasis on inductive and optical sensors. The main benefit of this thesis is the design and realization of a special inductive sensor with a small pressure force and an optical sensor with a resolution of 2.5 nanometers. In the thesis are analyzed the selected metrological properties of the designed sensors and the formulation of recommendations for their practical use.

Táto práca sa zaoberá možnosťou využitia rekonfigurovateľných číslicových systémov na báze FPGA v aplikáciách využívajúcich zmiešané signály. V práci je uvedený opis rekonfigurovateľných architektúr a rekonfigurovateľných a adaptívnych systémov vo všeobecnosti. Ďalej sú analyzované možnosti využitia rekonfigurovateľných vlastností v konjunkcii s využitím prevodníka XADC u FPGA rady 7 od firmy Xilinx a systému Zynq-7000. V práci je predstavená myšlienka možnosti využitia XADC pre meranie indukčnosti ako alternatíva k existujúcemu riešeniu obvodom LDC1000 od Texas Instruments. Systém s využitím FPGA a XADC by priniesol mnoho výhod ako sú: lepšia integrácia systému, lepšie možnosti spracovania signálov, možnosť skonštruovať adaptívny systém s mnoho senzorickými elementmi a v neposlednom rade potencionálne nižšia cena riešenia. V závere práce sú tieto výhody a nevýhody analyzované a sú navrhnuté ďalšie možnosti pokračovania tejto práce., This thesis has its main subject pointed on possibilities of exploiting reconfigurable digital systems on FPGA basis in mixed signal applications. Description of reconfigurable and adaptive systems in general and summary of known architectures is presented in first part of this work. Next, possibilities of exploiting configurability of FPGAs in conjunction with XADC digital to analog converter are examined. These converters are provided in 7-series FPGAs and Zynq-7000 systems from Xilinx. Concept of exploiting XADC for inductance measurements is presented as alternative to existing solution - LDC1000 integrated circuit provided by Texas Instruments. Such system utilizing FPGA and XADC would come with a lot of benefits: better system integration, better signal processing options, possibility of constructing adaptive system with numerous sensory elements and last but not least, lower system cost. Advantages and disadvantages of such approach are analyzed in the very final part of this work and possible options for extension of this work are presented.

Tato práce se zabývá návrhem a konstrukcí indukčního senzoru s planárními cívkami, výrobou funkčního vzorku, simulacemi dílčích elektronických obvodů s jejich následným porovnáním se změřenými výstupními signály. Dále pak obsahuje naměřené parametry prototypu, které jsou porovnané s komerčními indukčními snímači podobného typu., This work deal with proposal and construction of inductive sensor with planar coils, production functional prototype, simulations partial circuit with their resulting confrontation measured output signal. Further then includes measured parameters of prototype, that are compare with commercial inductive sensor similar type.

Práce řeší obecný návrh systému automatického řízení výkonu motoru a brzdného účinku motocyklu tak, aby nedocházelo ke zbytečným nebezpečným situacím a ke zlepšení jízdních vlastností a k potlačení příčin vzniku nehody vlivem chybných rozhodnutí řidiče. Je požadováno navrhnout obecný systém, založený především na návrhu senzoriky a řídících obvodů, jejich vzájemných vazeb, návrh řídícího procesoru, který bude bez vědomí řidiče zasahovat do řízení motocyklu., Work tackles the general design systems of automatic control of engine power and braking effects so that avoid any unnecessary dangerous situations and to improve the driving characteristics and suppression causes of accident due to bad decisions of driver. Is required to propose a general system based on the draft sensors and control circuits, their relationships, design control processor, which will be without the knowledge of the driver intervene in driving motorcycle.

První dvě kapitoly jsou věnovány obecné problematice týkající se Achillovy šlachy a přibližují důležité poznatky, které jsou nutné pro následnou praktickou část. Té jsou věnovány kapitoly následující. První kapitola je spíše lékařského charakteru. Vysvětluje funkčnost a umístění Achillovy šlachy, ale především podstatu jejího vyšetření. Následně navazují kapitoly zabývající se problematikou sestavení funkčního přístroje pro snímání reflexu Achillovy šlachy. Tato část začíná třetí kapitolou a rozebírá sestavení blokových schémat pro daný snímač a jeho technické řešení. Následuje kapitola se sestavením elektrických obvodů, výpočet jednotlivých hodnot součástek pro zařízení snímající reflex Achillovy šlachy. Pátá kapitola řeší možnost zobrazení nasnímaného signálu a závěrečná kapitola je věnována měřením daným přístrojem na skupině dobrovolníků., The first two chapters are devoted to general issues relating to the Achilles tendon and brings important insights that are required for subsequent practical part. To the practical part is also devoted the following chapter. The first chapter is more of a medical nature. It explains the function and location of the Achilles tendon. Above all, the nature of the examination. Then follow chapters dealing with the assembly of functional devices for sensing the Achilles tendon reflex. This section begins in the third chapter discusses the preparation and block diagrams for the sensor and its technical solutions. The following chapter is about constructing electrical circuits, calculation of component values for the device of Achilles tendon reflex. The fifth chapter deals with the ability to view the scanned signal and the final chapter is devoted to measurements of the device on a group of volunteers.