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Los Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes (DTI) surgen como una opción de gestión para mejorar la calidad y competitividad de los destinos turísticos tradicionales, se apoyan de modelos conceptuales que representan elementos y relaciones que conforman la estructura del sistema turístico. En ese sentido, las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) han ganado importancia en dichos modelos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la participación de las TIC en los ejes estratégicos que componen los modelos conceptuales DTI. Es un estudio metodológico cualitativo con una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura sobre modelos DTI, posteriormente se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de los modelos seleccionados, considerando como categorías de análisis los ejes estratégicos y los indicadores que estuvieran relacionados con las TIC. Se analizó la estructura de cuatro modelos: Invat.tur, Competitivo, Sistémico y Sinérgico. Dichos modelos tienen de cuatro a ocho ejes estratégicos que incluyen entre 28 y 68 indicadores asociados con las TIC. Entre los principales resultados se destaca que en el modelo Invat.tur el 60% de los indicadores están relacionados con las TIC; en el modelo Competitivo, el 33%; en el modelo Sistémico, el 76%; y en el modelo Sinérgico, el 32%. La importancia del uso de las TIC en los modelos DTI depende de la participación que se les asigne en cada uno. Finalmente, los destinos turísticos deben continuar implementando estrategias que incluyan cada vez más a las TIC en su gestión turística para mantenerse innovadores y competitivos., Smart Tourism Destinations (STD) have emerged as a management option to improve the quality and competitiveness of traditional tourism destinations, based on conceptual models that represent elements and relationships that make up the structure of the tourism system. In this sense, information and communication technologies (ICT) have gained importance in these models. The objective of this research is to determine the participation of ICTs in the strategic axes that make up the STD conceptual models. It is a qualitative methodological study, wich first includes an exhaustive review of the literature on STD models, followed by a quantitative analysis of the selected models, considering as categories of analysis the strategic axes and indicators related to ICTs. The structure of four models are analyzed: Invat.tur, Competitive, Systemic and Synergic. These models have four to eight strategic axes that include between 28 and 68 indicators associated with ICTs. Among the main results, 60% of the indicators in the Invat.tur model are related to ICTs; 33% in the Competitive model; 76% in the Systemic model; and 32% in the Synergic model. The importance of the use of ICTs in the STD models depends on the participation assigned to them in each one. Finally, tourism destinations should continue to implement strategies that increasingly include ICTs in their tourism management in order to remain innovative and competitive.

Differentiating between the origin of the initiative and the financing of building projects allows us to analyze with greater precision the financing formulas, the executive phases and the administrative mechanisms associated with any Roman construction act. However, it is often difficult to precisely define the specific participation of all the agents involved in the process. We present a methodological proposal, based on the study of 49 indicators extracted from the analysis of 231 building inscriptions from the 1st century BC to the 3rd century AD from Hispania and North African provinces. This will allow us to trace the origin of both concepts in each building project and to define with greater precision the tasks carried out by the actors referenced in the tituli. We classify each indicator according to whether it belongs to the imperial, municipal or private spheres and evaluate its reliability on the basis of specific examples., Diferenciar entre el origen de la iniciativa y el de la financiación de los proyectos edilicios nos permite analizar con mayor precisión las fórmulas de financiación, las fases ejecutivas y los mecanismos administrativos asociados a cualquier acto constructivo de una obra pública romana. Sin embargo, a menudo es complejo definir de manera precisa la participación concreta de todos los agentes involucrados en el proceso. Presentamos una propuesta metodológica, basada en el estudio de 49 indicadores extraídos del análisis de 231 inscripciones edilicias adscribibles a los siglos I a.C. – III d.C. y procedentes de las provincias hispanas y norteafricanas, que permitirá rastrear el origen de ambos conceptos en cada proyecto edilicio y definir con mayor precisión las tareas que realizaron los actores referenciados en los tituli. Clasificamos cada indicador según su pertenencia a las esferas imperial, municipal o privada y evaluamos su fiabilidad en base a ejemplos concretos.

Current and future generations have a transcendental role to play and building a more responsible and sustainable world. Hence, an integration analysis of social responsibility within sustainability framework perspective linked to Plan maestro de sustentabilidad performed in an academic entity of Universidad Veracruzana. For that, the substantive activities of research, teaching, link-up and outreach assessed through indicators. This research revealed the integration extent of social responsibility within sustainability framework in substantive activities of 0-100% research, 40-100% teaching, 9-70% link-up and outreach in the academic entity. This research highlights the value of Plan maestro de sustentabilidad as institutional policy instrument to identify areas with viability and potential for improvement towards social responsibility and sustainability commitment. At the academic entity level, this research highlights the need to move from discourse to action., Las generaciones actuales y futuras tienen un papel trascendental que desempeñar en la construcción de un mundo más responsable y sostenible. Al respecto, se realizó un análisis de la integración de la responsabilidad social en el marco de la sostenibilidad vinculado al Plan maestro de sustentabilidad en una entidad académica de la Universidad Veracruzana. Para ello, se evaluaron las actividades sustantivas de investigación docencia, vinculación y extensión a través de indicadores. Esta investigación reveló el grado de integración de la responsabilidad social en el marco de sostenibilidad en actividades sustantivas de 0-100 % investigación, 40-100 % docencia, 9-70 % vinculación y extensión en la entidad académica. Esta investigación resalta el valor del Plan maestro de sustentabilidad como instrumento de política institucional para identificar áreas con viabilidad y potencial de mejora hacia la responsabilidad social y el compromiso con la sostenibilidad. A nivel de entidad académica, esta investigación resalta la necesidad de transitar del discurso a la acción.

Proactive control of hospital processes significantly influences patient performance and satisfaction. The objective of the research is to develop a dashboard for the evaluation of patient flow management in hospital institutions. Descriptive quantitative study was developed and previous methodologies were analyzed. A procedure was developed for the preparation of a dashboard for the evaluation of patient flow management in hospital institutions, structured in five stages and nine steps, including procedures for the identification of key variables and aggregation of indicators. A dashboard was prepared for the General Surgery service of a Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital, which is composed of 18 indicators, 6 synthetic indexes and an integral indicator. The integral indicator obtained a value of 0.79 (4), which shows the effectiveness of the actions implemented during the deployment of the improvement model. Among the positive implications for health managers is the possibility of monitoring strategies with a process vision., El control proactivo de los procesos hospitalarios influye de forma significativa en el rendimiento y satisfacción de los pacientes. El objetivo de la investigación es desarrollar un tablero de control para la evaluación de la gestión del flujo de pacientes en instituciones hospitalarias. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo y se analizaron metodologías precedentes. Se elaboró un proceder para la confección de un tablero de control para la evaluación de la gestión de los flujos de pacientes en instituciones hospitalarias, estructurado en cinco etapas y nueve pasos, incluye procedimientos para la identificación de variables clave y agregación de indicadores. Se confeccionó un tablero de control para el servicio de Cirugía General de un hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente, que está compuesto por 18 indicadores, 6 índices sintéticos y un indicador integral. El indicador integral obtuvo un valor de 0,79 (4), lo que es muestra de la eficacia de las acciones implementadas durante el despliegue del modelo de mejora. Entre las implicaciones positivas para los gestores sanitarios está la posibilidad de monitorear las estrategias con una visión de proceso.

The variation in bird variety over geography and time is a common indicator for assessing environmental changes. Traditionally, such data was gathered by experienced observers, but passively collect acoustic data is quickly developing as a viable alternative survey technique. Now-a-days, avifaunal diversity has been decline due to the demolition of natural habitation. The aim of the study to identify avifaunal diversity of Rawanwadi reservoir, Rawamwadi District Bhandara, investigation period was from month of November 2020 to October 2022, in and around of Rawanwadi Reservoir. In the present investigation, a total of 39 species of birds were spotted during the current inquiry near the Rawanwadi reservoir. Based on their habitat, such as Residential Common, Winter Visitor, and Uncommon, the birds were divided into different groups. The Avifaunal diversity have been categories in diverse group’s position on their regular migratory habitat residential are as migratory winter traveler, internal migratory visitor, external migratory visitors and external emigratory visitors.

With increased interest in forest restoration comes an urgent need to provide accurate, scalable, and cost‐effective monitoring tools. The ubiquity of smartphones has led to a surge in monitoring apps. We reviewed and assessed monitoring apps found through web searches and conversations with practitioners. We identified 42 apps that (1) automatically monitor indicators or (2) facilitate data entry. We selected the five most promising from the first category, based on their relevance, availability, stability, and user support. We compared them to traditional field techniques in a well‐studied restoration project in Costa Rica. We received further feedback from 15 collaborator organizations that evaluated these in their corresponding field restoration sites. Diameter measurements correlated well with traditional tape‐based measurements (R2 = 0.86–0.89). Canopy openness and ground cover showed weaker correlations to densiometer and quadrat cover measurements (R2 = 0.42–0.51). Apps did not improve labor efficiency but do preclude the purchase of specialized field equipment. The apps reviewed here need further development and validation to support monitoring adequately, especially in the tropics. Estimates of development and maintenance costs, as well as statistics on user uptake, are required for cost‐effective development. We recommend a coordinated effort to develop dedicated restoration monitoring apps that can speed up and standardize the collection of indicators and provide evidence on restoration outcomes alongside a centralized repository of this information.

The study provides an inclusive research landscape of the thematic trends and evolution in the field of metrics in the circular economy (CE), and also outlines future perspectives in circularity metrics (C-metrics) by exploring the relevant literature over the period 2011–2023. This study aims to bring further clarity to the wide pool of available c-metrics and orient future research. In this regard, the following research questions are addressed: How has the research landscape of metrics in a CE evolved? What are the prominent research themes and recent trends of C-metrics? And what are the sought-after areas of future research in C-metrics development? To achieve that, this study used data analysis and qualitative content analysis methods to explore the C-metrics related to scientific groundwork based on 544 articles from 187 journals over the period 2011–2023. As a result, (i) six main research themes of C-metrics in the literature are identified; (ii) four recent trends of C-metrics are mapped to highlight the role of C-metrics-based tools in circularity performance assessment, circular design, monitoring and reporting, and database and platforms; and (iii) the future research agenda for C-metrics is proposed based on the current challenges in the studied area, expert opinions, and concerns derived from EU regulations and circular initiatives. The findings provide a better understanding of the evolution of scientific production and trends over time and clarify future research directions for C-metrics corresponding to the ongoing concerns.

The European Union (EU) is moving towards sustainable development, and a key role is played by circular economy (CE) models geared towards reducing pressure on natural resources, generating jobs and fostering economic opportunities. Indicators are able to aggregate a variety of information and their use, through the use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), allows the performance of alternatives to be monitored. This work aims to calculate the performance of the EU27 in the years 2019 and 2020 according to 15 CE indicators available on Eurostat. The results of the Analytic Hierarchy process show that the greatest impact on circularity is determined by the category ‘competitiveness and innovation’, which together with the category ‘global sustainability and resilience’ accounts for two thirds of the overall weight. The MCDA results show that Belgium prevails in both the baseline and alternative scenarios, ahead of Italy and the Netherlands respectively. In general, circular policies see western European countries excel, while the performance of eastern European countries is weaker. The implications of this work highlight the three main barriers to the development of CE models: (i) illegal waste management; (ii) lack of knowledge and low level of investment in circular technologies and (iii) low distribution of value among stakeholders. In this way, resource management based on circularity will enable Europe to meet the challenges of sustainability with less dependence on imported raw materials.

Competitiveness is extensively explored across various disciplines, with tourism competitiveness emerging as a significant focus of research. This aspect is pivotal in current research, embodying a multi-dimensional construct that profoundly impacts the prosperity of destinations. This study has undertaken a systematic literature review to pinpoint indicators influencing destination competitiveness and conducted a statistical analysis to validate these findings. Centered on Georgia and contrasted with its neighboring countries, the analysis spans 12 years, from 2008 to 2020. The study's significance extends beyond its specific focus on Georgia, offering insights with broader relevance to destinations marked by competitive dynamics. The analysis has revealed that within a diverse array of opportunities, the most impactful areas for enhancing Georgia's competitive environment include "Business environment," "Human resources and labor market," and "ICT readiness."

There is a recognized need to integrate circularity and sustainability in production system design. Therefore, it is essential that these paradigms are included as early as possible during the design phase, and more particularly in production capital investments. There has been substantial research undertaken on the role of circularity and sustainability in production system design. Furthermore, recent studies related to production system design have shown that capital investments are a crucial step for integrating sustainability and circularity. However, previous studies have not explored the development of appropriate indicator sets for measuring sustainability and circularity in production capital investments. The principal objective of this thesis was to investigate how circularity and sustainability indicators can be introduced in capital projects, exploring both the utilized indicators and the methods of their integration. The study utilized a multimethod qualitative research approach, collecting data from workshops, interviews, and a survey. A systematic literature review was also used to collect relevant literature data. Evidence is presented which shows that indicators can be divided into six major categories (i) circularity; (ii) cost; (iii) legal compliance; (iv) energy; (v) environment, and (vi) social impact. A sample of 26 core indicators is presented and discussed. Moreover, a taxonomy and a simplified investment evaluation tool are developed. The results of this study support the view that practitioners need a systemized way of organizing and handling indicators. In addition, recommendations are made on how to handle and document sustainability and circularity indicators. This study should, therefore, be of value to practitioners wishing to integrate sustainability and circularity in the early phases of capital projects. As a result of this study, suggestions were identified for future research., Det finns ett erkänt behov av att integrera cirkularitet och hållbarhet i design av produktionssystem. Därför är det viktigt att dessa paradigm inkluderas så tidigt som möjligt under designfasen, och i synnerhet i produktionskapitalinvesteringar. Det har gjorts omfattande forskning om vilken roll cirkularitet och hållbarhet spelar i design av produktionssystem. Dessutom har nyligen genomförda studier relaterade till design av produktionssystem visat att kapitalinvesteringar är ett avgörande steg för att integrera hållbarhet och cirkularitet. Tidigare studier har dock inte undersökt utvecklingen av lämpliga indikatoruppsättningar för att mäta hållbarhet och cirkularitet i produktionskapitalinvesteringar. Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka hur cirkularitets- och hållbarhetsindikatorer kan introduceras i kapitalprojekt, genom att utforska både de använda indikatorerna och metoderna för deras integration. Studien använde en multimetod kvalitativ forskningsansats, insamling av data från workshops, intervjuer och en undersökning. En systematisk litteraturöversikt användes också för att samla in relevant litteraturdata. Bevis presenteras som visar att indikatorer kan delas in i sex huvudkategorier (i) cirkularitet; (ii) kostnad; (iii) laglig efterlevnad; (iv) energi; (v) miljö och (vi) social påverkan. Ett urval av 26 kärnindikatorer presenteras och diskuteras. Dessutom utvecklas en taxonomi och ett förenklat investeringsutvärderingsverktyg. Resultaten av denna studie stödjer uppfattningen att praktiker behöver ett systematiserat sätt att organisera och hantera indikatorer. Dessutom ges rekommendationer om hur man hanterar och dokumenterar hållbarhets- och cirkularitetsindikatorer. Denna studie bör därför vara av värde för praktiker som vill integrera hållbarhet och cirkularitet i de tidiga faserna av kapitalprojekt. Som ett resultat av denna studie identifierades förslag för framtida forskning.

Social sustainability is increasingly recognized as a pressing concern in Sweden today, not only for politicians but also for the business sector and citizens alike. Its significance is particularly pronounced in the real estate sector, perhaps even vital given its connection to societal well-being. While Swedish real estate companies might not be new to considering this perspective, there has not been such a collective concern before. Therefore, there is not a common way to view or tackle this. Some companies have begun to include sustainability reporting in their annual report and the number is increasing every year. However, current systems and processes lack vital information since companies do not know what data to collect and how to analyze and assess it. The available information may be questioned for its reliability since each company decides what to report, complicating informed decision-making. This leads to inefficient social sustainability efforts. Furthermore, the absence of a standardized framework hinders stakeholders and investors from evaluating the performance of different companies, thereby leaving them unaware of sustainability-related risks. Additionally, comparing sustainability performance across companies proves challenging, undermining the credibility of the sustainable investment market. To achieve a positive transition Swedish real estate industry needs to decide on how to measure social sustainability. In this study, a German model for scoring social initiatives called SI Scoring 2.0 was examined, and it was investigated whether the model can be adapted for use in the Swedish real estate industry. The findings indicate that the model cannot be adopted in its entirety, but with adjustments, it can serve the Swedish market. By considering previous research within the subject, Swedish stakeholders’ opinions and Swedish law, recommendations, and certifications an adapted model is presented, called Socialt HållbarhetsIndex, SH Index. The index, Social hållbarhet uppmärksammas i allt högre grad som en brådskande fråga i Sverige, inte bara för politiker utan även för både näringsliv och medborgare. Dess inverkan är än mer påtaglig i fastighetsbranschen på grund av dess tydliga koppling till samhället och dess välbefinnande. Även om svenska bolag inte är främmande för social hållbarhet har det inte funnit någon gemensam diskussion eller företeelser för hur man bör förhålla sig till det. De senaste åren har en handfull bolag rapporterat sitt hållbarhetsarbete i årsredovisningen och det blir fler och fler. Dock saknar nuvarande system och processer viktig information eftersom företagen inte vet vilken data de ska samla in och hur de ska analysera den. Den tillgängliga informationen kan ifrågasättas för sin tillförlitlighet eftersom varje företag bestämmer vad de ska rapportera, vilket försvårar jämförbarheten och välgrundade beslut. Dessutom försvårar avsaknaden av en standardiserad ram för intressenter och investerare att utvärdera olika företags prestationer, vilket lämnar dem ovetande om hållbarhetsrelaterade risker. Att jämföra hållbarhetsinitiativ mellan företag visar sig också vara utmanande, vilket underminerar trovärdigheten för marknaden för hållbara investeringar. Det krävs därmed en stor förflyttning och systemförändring för att man ska kunna enas om hur man ska arbeta med social hållbarhet framåt. För att uppnå en positiv omställning behöver den svenska fastighetsbranschen enas om hur man ska mäta social hållbarhet. I denna studie granskades en tysk modell för att bedöma sociala initiativ, kallad SI Scoring 2.0, för att undersöka om modellen kan anpassas för användning på den svenska marknaden. Resultatet visar att modellen inte kan antas i sin helhet, men att den med justeringar skulle kunna användas i Sverige. Genom att beakta tidigare forskning inom ämnet, svensk lagstiftning, rekommendationer och certifieringar samt svenska intressenters åsikter presenterar denna studie en ny anpassad modell, ka

We here analyse the question of developing artificial consciousness from an evolutionary perspective, taking the evolution of the human brain and its relation with consciousness as a reference model or as a benchmark. This kind of analysis reveals several structural and functional features of the human brain that appear to be key for reaching human-like complex conscious experience and that current research on Artificial Intelligence (AI) should take into account in its attempt to develop systems capable of human-like conscious processing. We argue that, even if AI is limited in its ability to emulate human consciousness for both intrinsic (i.e., structural and architectural) and extrinsic (i.e., related to the current stage of scientific and technological knowledge) reasons, taking inspiration from those characteristics of the brain that make human-like conscious processing possible and/or modulate it, is a potentially promising strategy towards developing conscious AI. Also, it cannot be theoretically excluded that AI research can develop partial or potentially alternative forms of consciousness that are qualitatively different from the human form, and that may be either more or less sophisticated depending on the perspectives. Therefore, we recommend neuroscience-inspired caution in talking about artificial consciousness: since the use of the same word “consciousness” for humans and AI becomes ambiguous and potentially misleading, we propose to clearly specify which level and/or type of consciousness AI research aims to develop, as well as what would be common versus differ in AI conscious processing compared to human conscious experience.

Policymakers in the EU are betting on a transition from a linear to a circular economy to ensure human activity remains within the planet's boundaries. Public procurement is vital in this context, e.g., accounting for 20% of Swedish GDP, with circular public procurement being critical to the transition. Although circular public procurement is garnering increasing interest, until now, the research focus in this area has been narrow, concentrating on, e.g., IT equipment or furniture. Plastic medical products have remained absent in the literature despite generating substantial environmental impact and offering a tremendous upside. To enable the application of circular economy strategies in this context, changes are required on two ends: the design of the products and the criteria under which the products are procured. Indicators are a central basis of any purchasing decision and are considered powerful enablers and drivers of the transition to a circular economy. This paper reviews circular economy indicators as a starting point toward guidelines for the circular design and procurement of plastic products in the healthcare sector. Thus, this review identifies critical factors for developing a comprehensive indicator for designing and procuring circular plastic medical products., QC 20240704

A critical shift is required to meet the challenges reflected in the sustainable development goals. Policymakers in the EU are betting on a transition from a linear to a circular economy to make this happen. Public procurement is vital in this context, e.g., accounting for 20% of Swedish GDP, with circular public procurement being critical to the transition. Until now, the research focus in this area has been narrower, concentrating on, e.g., IT equipment or furniture. However, plastic medical products have not been addressed despite generating substantial environmental impact and offering a tremendous upside. To enable the application of circular economy strategies in this context, changes are required on two ends: the design of the products and the criteria under which the products are procured. Indicators are the central basis of decision-making in any purchasing decision and are considered powerful enablers and drivers of the transition to a circular economy. This paper reviews circular indicators as a starting point toward guidelines for the circular design and procurement of plastic products in the healthcare sector. Based on this, critical factors for developing a comprehensive indicator for the design and procurement of circular plastic medical products are identified., QC 20240605

Approaches for evaluating integrated sustainability impacts in forest management enable the harmonization of environmental, social, and economic considerations. Here, we present a methodological framework for quantifying and balancing impacts on widely different aspects of sustainability of different future scenarios for forestry in managed forests in Sweden. The method includes indicators for impacts on climate change, biodiversity, and social and economic values. The indicators were normalized to a standardized scale using reference scenarios and target values. The proposed method was applied for three different future scenarios for forestry over a 100-year period in two different counties in southern and northern Sweden, respectively. The results show the importance of evaluating indicator performance in forestry across diverse regions of the country and tailoring assessments of individual forest owners to their specific local conditions. Long-term assessments are also crucial due to the varying impacts of indicators over time. The methodology requires continuous refinement and can be used as a basis for disclosing the environmental performance of a product based on forest raw materials. It also facilitates the assessment of sustainability in alternative future forestry scenarios and is adaptable to other countries with comparable forestry and forest characteristics., QC 20240516

Sustainability is a central subject in today's society which has led to the importance ofsustainability reporting to be able to communicate the organization's economic, social andenvironmental impacts. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) develops one of the most usedframeworks in sustainability reporting and comparability is a fundamental principle in thedevelopment of these standards to create a basis for decision making among stakeholders.In some industries GRI has developed a sector specific standard which gives furtherguidance when preparing the sustainability report. The purpose of this paper is to explainand develop knowledge about comparability in sustainability reports which follows GRIwithin two different industries, one with sector specific standards and one without. Toconduct this study a quantitative content analysis and a qualitative content analysis has beenperformed. In order to explain the findings institutional theory, legitimacy theory andstakeholder theory have been included. Findings of the study shows that comparability islacking in both an industry with sector specific standard and an industry without sectorspecific standard, but the degree of comparability is higher in the industry with sectorspecific standard., Hållbarhet är ett centralt ämne i dagens samhälle och det har resulterat i atthållbarhetsredovisning är viktigt för att kommunicera företagets ekonomiska, sociala ochmiljömässiga påverkan. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) utvecklar ett av de mest användaramverken för hållbarhetsredovisning och inkluderar jämförbarhet som en grundprincip iutvecklandet av standarder för hållbarhetsredovisningar för att skapa ett beslutsunderlagför intressenter. För vissa branscher har GRI utvecklat sektorspecifika standarder som gerytterligare vägledning för branschen när de ska upprätta hållbarhetsredovisning. Syftet medstudien är att utveckla kunskap om jämförbarhet i hållbarhetsredovisningar som följer GRIi två olika branscher, en bransch med sektorspecifika standarder och en som saknarsektorspecifika standarder. För att undersöka jämförbarheten i hållbarhetsredovisningarnahar en kvantitativ innehållsanalys genomförts som även kompletteras med en kvalitativinnehållsanalys. För att förklara resultaten av studien har institutionell teori, legitimitetsteorioch intressentteori inkluderats. Resultatet av studien visar att jämförbarheten är bristfällig ibåde en bransch med sektorspecifik standard och en bransch utan sektorspecifik standard,men att graden av jämförbarhet är högre i branschen med sektorspecifik standard.

One of the greatest challenges of our time is monitoring the rapid environmental changes taking place worldwide at both local and global scales. This requires easy-to-use and ready-to-implement tools and services to monitor and quantify aspects of bio- and geodiversity change and the impact of land use intensification using freely available and global remotely sensed data, and to derive remotely sensed indicators. Currently, there are no services for quantifying both raster- and vector-based indicators in a “compact tool”. Therefore, the main innovation of ESIS/Imalys is having a remote sensing (RS) tool that allows for RS data processing, data management, and continuous and discrete quantification and derivation of RS indicators in one tool. With the ESIS/Imalys project (Ecosystem Integrity Remote Sensing—Modelling and Service Tool), we try to present environmental indicators on a clearly defined and reproducible basis. The Imalys software library generates the RS indicators and remote sensing products defined for ESIS. This paper provides an overview of the functionality of the Imalys software library. An overview of the technical background of the implementation of the Imalys library, data formats and the user interfaces is given. Examples of RS-based indicators derived using the Imalys tool at pixel level and at zone level (vector level) are presented. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the Imalys tool are discussed in detail in order to better assess the value of Imalys for users and developers. The applicability of the indicators will be demonstrated through three ecological applications, namely: (1) monitoring landscape diversity, (2) monitoring landscape structure and landscape fragmentation, and (3) monitoring land use intensity and its impact on ecosystem functions. Despite the integration of large amounts of data, Imalys can run on any PC, as the processing and derivation of indicators has been greatly optimised. The Imalys source code is fr

This work determines the level of social profitability of the main Spanish generalist, public and private television channels: La 1, La 2, Antena3, Cuatro, Telecinco and La Sexta, based on the implementation of the IRSCOM (Indicator of Social Profitability in Communication), a methodology that determines the level of commitment of the audiovisual media with citizens from the point of view of the common good based on five fields of activity: Management and Transparency, Human Resources, Territorial Articulation, Programming and Online Activity. Based on the reason that these media, based on the use of the spectrum as public property, are subject to responsible use of it under the premise of public service, although deregulatory policies (LGCA 7/2010 and 13/ 2022) have agreed that this requirement is only binding for publicly owned media. The results of the investigation denote a low level of social profitability in private chains and a medium level in public ones. The main deficiencies are detected in territorial articulation, programming and human resources., Este trabajo determina el nivel de rentabilidad social de las cadenas españolas de televisión generalista, públicas y privadas: La 1, La 2, Antena3, Cuatro, Telecinco y La Sexta, a partir de la implementación de la metodología IRSCOM (Indicador de Rentabilidad Social en Comunicación)[1], que establece el nivel de compromiso de los medios audiovisuales con la ciudadanía desde la mirada del bien común en base a cinco campos de actividad: Gestión y Transparencia, Recursos Humanos, Articulación Territorial, Programación y Actividad Online. Parte de la fundamentación de que estos medios, en base al uso del espectro radioeléctrico, están sometidos a un uso responsable del mismo bajo la premisa del servicio público, si bien las políticas desreguladoras (LGCA 7/2010 y 13/2022) han convenido que esta exigencia sólo sea vinculante para los de titularidad pública. Los resultados de la investigación denotan un nivel bajo de rentabilidad social en las cadenas privadas y un nivel medio en las públicas. Las principales carencias se detectan en articulación territorial, programación e igualdad. [1] Laboratorio de Comunicación y Cultura LabCOMandalucía, Universidad de Málaga. www.labcomandalucia.uma.es

In response to pressing global challenges like climate change, rapid population growth, and an urgent need for sustainable infrastructure, cities face an immediate and crucial necessity to transition swiftly toward an integrated approach to managing urban water resources. This shift is not merely an option but an imperative, driven by the rapidly evolving urban landscape. In addressing this imperative, a crucial decision support tool that has emerged as an asset in the domain of urban water planning and management is the Urban Water Use (UWU) tool. This tool offers an integrated approach for strategic planning, promoting urban water conservation and environmental health through the investigation of interventions in urban infrastructure under different scenarios. In this study, the latest version of this UWU tool was deployed in a case study conducted in Almirante Tamandaré, Brazil. The objective was to evaluate how an integrated decision-making approach concerning urban water systems influences the efficiency and effectiveness of interventions, ultimately contributing to achieve widespread adoption, accessibility, and relevance of urban water services. The refined UWU tool evaluates a spectrum of measures across diverse scenarios, incorporating various drivers, focusing on the stakeholders' visions for the locality. These visions are composed of sustainability indicators, specifying different sets of target values and importance weights for each indicator. The approach followed in this study demonstrates how the effectiveness indexes can vary based on stakeholders' perception. Measures under Water Sensitive Urban Design and Water Demand Management strategies were deployed to simulate the response of urban water systems under three distinct scenarios, embracing the complexities of social dynamics and of climate change. The findings of the study emphasize that realizing a desired vision through selected measures relies significantly on the adoption of an integrated, Urban Design

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the influence of circular economy indicators on regional development in selected European countries. The study explains the concept of circular economy, then defines its main indicators and analyses their impact on regional development. The study adopted Czech Republic, Germany and Netherlands as case study countries to examine their circular economy indicators on regional development indicator Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study found that circular economy indicators such as Waste Management, Secondary raw materials, Production and Consumption, and National Budget expenditure on environmental protection have significant positive impacts on regional development indicator Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the three countries, Czech Republic, Germany and Netherlands., Cílem práce je analyzovat vliv indikátorů oběhového hospodářství na regionální rozvoj ve vybraných evropských zemích. Studie vysvětluje pojem oběhové hospodářství, následně definuje jeho hlavní ukazatele a analyzuje jejich vliv na regionální rozvoj. Studie přijala Českou republiku, Německo a Nizozemsko jako země případové studie, aby prozkoumala jejich ukazatele oběhového hospodářství na ukazateli regionálního rozvoje hrubého domácího produktu (HDP). Studie zjistila, že ukazatele oběhového hospodářství, jako je nakládání s odpady, druhotné suroviny, výroba a spotřeba a výdaje státního rozpočtu na ochranu životního prostředí, mají významný pozitivní dopad na ukazatel regionálního rozvoje hrubý domácí produkt (HDP) ve třech zemích, České republice, Německu a Nizozemsku., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, After the defense speech, the student answered the following questions about the thesis: Why the Netherlands was chosen as a focus country for circular economy analysis? What was the main statement/hypothesis of your research? Did you prove it? What did you prove by your research? What were the criteria for selecting the countries for study? Can you identify the most significant findings of your research?, Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Governments worldwide are planning car-free policies to increase the livability of cities. However, car-free policies often face opposition from local stakeholders, and policy-makers often lack relevant model indicators to represent all stakeholder interests in their ex-ante car-free policy evaluations. Well-being (Dutch: Brede Welvaart) indicators can be more relevant for the various stakeholder interests in car-free policies by covering aspects in the domains of living environment, accessibility, safety and health. This thesis investigates how relevant well-being indicators can be selected and operationalised for the ex-ante evaluation of car-free policies. A well-being indicator selection process was developed and applied to a case study in the Oude Westen neighbourhood in Rotterdam. This process involved conducting thirteen semi-structured stakeholder interviews. The resulting stakeholder interests were analysed to determine the relevant aspects of well-being and the relevant indicators for these aspects. From the shortlist of relevant indicators, three indicators were selected and operationalised in this thesis. At last, two validation interviews were conducted to validate the results of this case study and the developed indicator selection process. The most relevant stakeholders - municipality, local residents, and local business owners - were selected to be involved in the well-being indicator selection process in the case study. Based on their interests, the most relevant aspects of well-being were found to be the use of space, accessibility of mobility options, accessibility of activities, traffic safety, and noise pollution. This resulted in the operationalisation of three indicators: the use of space for car parking, the number of mobility options, and the traffic mix safety warning. While the small sample size does not allow for generalisation of the case study results, the results of this thesis do show that the well-being indicator se, Double degree in Civil Engineering - Transport & Planning and Construction Management and Engineering, Civil Engineering | Transport and Planning, Civil Engineering | Construction Management and Engineering

The adoption of the new Directive (EU) 2022/2557 on the resilience of critical entities has raised the question of how to assess the level of resilience of these entities in relation to current security threats. Until now, approaches have focused only on assessing the resilience of critical infrastructure elements. However, the new Directive exemplifies the need to pay attention not only to the element resilience, but also and more importantly to the resilience of their owners and operators, i.e., critical entities. Based on this fact, the authors of the article created a tool for Critical Entities Resilience Failure Indication (CERFI Tool). The essence of this tool is a probabilistic algorithm that predicts the relationship between the threat intensity and the protective part of critical entity resilience through indicators (to be created by the assessors themselves). The result of this prediction is an indication of the critical point of failure of the critical entity's resilience in phases of prevention and absorption of impacts. The CERFI Tool thus contributes to increasing the safety of technically oriented infrastructures, especially those of an energy and transport nature. The paper concludes with an example of the practical application of the developed tool on a selected critical entity in the energy sector.

Adaptation tracking is crucial for understanding progress in responding to climate change impacts across space and time. However, adaptation tracking is constrained by the lack of agreement on how to measure adaptation. While there has been significant focus on government plans and other documented adaptation as the basis for adaptation tracking, emerging literature also advocates for inclusive approaches that consider multiple experiences and priorities when designing and using adaptation tracking indicators. However, little literature empirically investigates the specifics of what this integrated approach is or what it could achieve. We address this gap using a thematic analysis of 48 focus group discussions and of government policies to compare the perspectives of livestock keepers and governments in Eastern Africa on climate risks and adaptation in livestock systems. The results show considerable similarities in how they perceive climatic hazards, impacts, adaptation strategies, goals, and adaptive capacities, highlighting elements that could be recognized as relevant by both sets of stakeholders. However, the differences underscore the value of an integrated approach as it supports the recognition of variations in climate risks and adaptation options across contexts as well as capturing diverse effects of adaptation across scales. Insights from this paper contribute to discussions on developing integrated adaptation tracking frameworks that take into account the contextual nature of climate hazards, impacts, adaptation strategies, adaptive capacities, and adaptation goals. Key policy insights Governments and livestock keepers perceive climate hazards, impacts, adaptation strategies, adaptive capacity, and adaptation goals in largely similar ways. Differences in governmental and livestock keeper perspectives provide the basis for integrating them in the development of adaptation tracking indicators. Drawing on multiple experiences, priorities, and knowledges cou

Objective: To analyze the aerospace industry located in Mexico through indicators that are based on production, exports, and imports. Methodology: Is qualitative methodology, through indicators such as: The degree of export openness, import penetration, relative trade balance and the tradability index. Results: Confirm the hypothesis that the importance of this industry for the case of Mexico in particular lies in exports and that these are greater than imports, having positive consequences on the behavior of the trade balance of the aerospace industry. Limitations: Some limitations to the study are the records in the Banxico database that only indicate the total amount of imports and exports, but not the type of product manufactured, so it cannot be determined in what type of aerospace equipment Mexico specializes. Conclusions: The data obtained allows us to conclude that Mexico has a competitive aerospace industry in general terms, even in times of pandemic., Objetivo: analizar la industria aeroespacial localizada en México a través de indicadores que se basan en la producción, exportación e importaciones. Metodología: es cualitativa, a través de los indicadores tales como: el grado de apertura exportadora, de penetración de las importaciones, balanza comercial relativa y el índice de transabilidad. Resultados: confirman la hipótesis que la relevancia de esta industria para el caso de México en particular radica en las exportaciones y que estas son mayores que las importaciones, teniendo consecuencias positivas en el comportamiento de la balanza comercial de la industria aeroespacial. Limitaciones: son los registros en la base de datos del Banco de México que solo indican el monto total de las importaciones y exportaciones, pero no el tipo de producto elaborado, por lo que no se puede determinar en qué tipo de equipo aeroespacial se especializa México. Conclusiones: los datos nos permiten concluir que México cuenta con una industria aeroespacial competitiva en términos generales, aún en tiempos de pandemia.

This article is the result of qualitative research, within the framework of previous work on Grounded Theory (2011-2021), used for the development of a City Educational Project (PEC, acronym in Spanish), in which an innovative Index of Socio-educational Development (IDSEDU, 2021) which aims to evaluate and validate the different educational policies from the different departments of a city council (of an educating city). A preliminary bibliographic and documentary analysis has been carried out for two years (2022 and 2023) to consolidate the theoretical and conceptual framework, and the comparison with other examples of educating cities. Four work teams have been organized to analyze the information and debate around the initial question about what it means to be an educating city and the purpose of a PEC, within the framework of a SWOT analysis, looking for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, and in a diagnosis that is as complete as possible. In this sense, a total of 45 in-depth interviews and 2 Focus Groups have been carried out. The result is an index that is not prescriptive, but rather indicative, which offers a framework for understanding reality and, at the same time, a framework for action and social transformation. It is an index that is also a decalogue of principles of action, to ensure an Inclusive, Intercultural and Intergenerational city, that overcomes discrimination (the -isms: racism, classism, patriarchalism and ageism), and that identifies the axes of Education in Solidarity, Sustainability and Profigurative Socialization., El presente artículo es fruto de una investigación cualitativa, en el marco de un trabajo previo de Teoría Fundamentada (2011-2021), aprovechada para la elaboración de un Proyecto Educativo de Ciudad (PEC), en el que se ha incluido un innovador Índice de Desarrollo Socioeducativo (IDSEDU, 2021) que tiene por objetivo evaluar y validar las diferentes políticas educativas desde las diversas concejalías del ayuntamiento de una ciudad educadora. Se ha realizado un análisis bibliográfico y documental preliminar durante dos años (2022 y 2023) para consolidar el marco teórico y conceptual, y la comparación con otros ejemplos de ciudades educadoras. Se han organizado 4 equipos de trabajo para analizar la información y debatir alrededor de la pregunta inicial sobre lo que significa ser una ciudad educadora y la finalidad de un PEC, en el marco de un análisis DAFO, buscando las Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas y Oportunidades, en un diagnóstico lo más completo posible. En este sentido, se han realizado un total de 45 entrevistas en profundidad y 2 Focus Group. El resultado es un índice que no es prescriptivo, sino orientativo, que ofrece un marco de comprensión de la realidad y, al mismo tiempo, un marco para la acción y para la transformación social. Es un índice que también es un decálogo de principios de acción, para procurar una ciudad Inclusiva, Intercultural e Intergeneracional, que supere las discriminaciones (los -ismos: racismo, clasismo, patriarcalismo/sexismo y edadismo), y que identifica los ejes de la Educación en la Solidaridad, la Sostenibilidad y la Socialización Profigurativa.

One of the greatest challenges of our time is monitoring the rapid environmental changes taking place worldwide at both local and global scales. This requires easy-to-use and ready-to-implement tools and services to monitor and quantify aspects of bio- and geodiversity change and the impact of land use intensification using freely available and global remotely sensed data, and to derive remotely sensed indicators. Currently, there are no services for quantifying both raster- and vector-based indicators in a “compact tool”. Therefore, the main innovation of ESIS/Imalys is having a remote sensing (RS) tool that allows for RS data processing, data management, and continuous and discrete quantification and derivation of RS indicators in one tool. With the ESIS/Imalys project (Ecosystem Integrity Remote Sensing—Modelling and Service Tool), we try to present environmental indicators on a clearly defined and reproducible basis. The Imalys software library generates the RS indicators and remote sensing products defined for ESIS. This paper provides an overview of the functionality of the Imalys software library. An overview of the technical background of the implementation of the Imalys library, data formats and the user interfaces is given. Examples of RS-based indicators derived using the Imalys tool at pixel level and at zone level (vector level) are presented. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the Imalys tool are discussed in detail in order to better assess the value of Imalys for users and developers. The applicability of the indicators will be demonstrated through three ecological applications, namely: (1) monitoring landscape diversity, (2) monitoring landscape structure and landscape fragmentation, and (3) monitoring land use intensity and its impact on ecosystem functions. Despite the integration of large amounts of data, Imalys can run on any PC, as the processing and derivation of indicators has been greatly optimised. The Imalys source code is fr, Peer Reviewed

Ecosystem models, such as Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), provide a platform to simulate intricate policy scenarios where multiple species, pressures, and ecosystem services interact. Complex questions often return complex answers, necessitating evidence and advice to be communicated in terms of trade-offs, risks, and uncertainty. Calibration procedures for EwE, which can act as a source of uncertainty and bias in model results, have yet to be explored in a comprehensive way that communicates how sensitive model outputs are to different calibration approaches. As the EwE community has grown, multiple divergent approaches have been applied to calibrate models through the estimation of vulnerability multipliers: parameters that augment the consumption rate limits of predators. Here we explore the underlying principles of vulnerability multipliers as well as existing calibration approaches and their justification. Two case studies are presented: the first explores how vulnerability multipliers emerge based on the chosen calibration approach using simulated data, while the second takes two operational EwE models (Irish Sea and Northwest Atlantic Continental Shelf) and compares their outputs when calibrated following alternate calibration approaches. We show how calibration approaches can impact model-derived advice and provide a list of best practice recommendations for EwE calibration

Global biogeochemical cycles have been widely altered due to human activities, potentially compromising the ability of plants to regulate their metabolism. We grew experimental herbaceous communities simulating the understory of eucalypt forests from southeastern Australia to evaluate the effects of elevated CO2 (400 vs. 650 ppm) and changes in soil resource availability (high-low water and high-low P) on the concentration of fourteen essential plant macro- and micronutrients, and their degree of coupling. Coupling was based on correlations among all elements in absolute value and a null modeling approach. According to the ancient nature of Australian soils, P addition was the main driver of changes in plant tissue chemistry, increasing the concentrations of P, Mg, Ca, and Mn and reducing the concentrations of C, N, S, Na, and Cu. Most treatment combinations showed coupled patterns of plant elements, particularly under ambient CO2. However, under elevated CO2, elements in plant tissues became more decoupled, which was interpreted as the result of a lack of enough supply of a range of elements to satisfy greater demands. Across treatments, P, Mn, and N were the least coupled elements, while K, Ca, and Fe were the most coupled ones. We provide evidence that plant element coupling was positively related to the concentration and coupling of elements measured in soils worldwide, suggesting that plant element coupling is conserved. Our results provide compelling evidence that evaluating the coupling of a representative range of chemical elements in plant tissues may represent a highly novel and powerful indicator of nutritional mismatches between demand and supply under specific environmental circumstances, including in a resource-altered global change context.

Land degradation is a major impediment to achieving sustainable development. However, there is currently no harmonized global map of land degradation status and hotspots. This paper aims to obtain the status and hotspots map of global land degradation by multiple methods and indicators to give essential references for land degradation neutrality. The results show that there are significant differences in the distribution and degree of land degradation between the different methods and indicators. Validation through observation points reveals that most of the methods and indicators can reflect land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas, while there are suitable methods or indicators in tropical and high-latitude areas. The degree of degradation has a large difference after overlay analysis, which shows that there are shortcomings of different methods and indicators for monitoring the degree of land degradation. However, the overlay of land degradation extent displays a high consistency, reflecting the current state of global land degradation to a certain extent. These areas with high overlay value can be recognized as hotspots of land degradation. It is also found there are consistent water-energy change characteristics in the hotspot area, such as increased land surface temperature and air temperature and decreased soil moisture and precipitation. These results conclude that studies on the degree of land degradation need to be considered in an integrated manner about the regional background. The combination of multiple methods and indicators is recommended for land degradation extent studies in large areas. Comparison of different methods and indicators is important guidance for global land degradation research. Accelerating ecological monitoring and restoration of land degradation hotspots is the first step towards land degradation neutrality.

La principal forma de generar una diversificación financiera es a través de la compra o venta de empresas, este proyecto se encuentra enfocado en ofrecer esa alternativa tanto a personas jurídicas como personas naturales, independientemente del nivel, riesgo o perfil inversionista que tenga cada una. El enfoque específico será en el sector de la construcción en Colombia, el cual es un sector de grandes expectativas, una muy buena tasa de crecimiento y una participación importante en el PIB nacional. El proyecto identificará y definirá la metodología adecuada para valorar las empresas del sector, incluyendo el desarrollo de un indicador que incluirá de manera importante la experiencia adquirida por estas compañías a través de los años de historia. Por último, se propone una plataforma virtual para comercializar de manera sencilla y objetiva cada organización del sector que haga parte del proyecto.

Over a period of 4 years and 4 months, the geopurification installations at Dehesas de Guadix (Granada, Spain) were monitored to determine the impact on soil and groundwater of the controlled discharge of urban wastewater, and also to identify the best indicators of the entry of the recharged water into the aquifer. The installations are located in an area where the climate is Mediterranean sub-arid, with an average precipitation of less than 287 mm/year, and a rate of evapotranspiration that is almost three times greater. The system was controlled by determining the balance of majority nutrients and boron in the soil and in the groundwater, both at the points affected directly by the wastewater discharge and at others. The quantity of mass discharged was relatively large (COD 14,656 g/m2, NO3 85 g/m2, NO2 4 g/m2, NH4 2,425 g/m2, PO4 1,143 g/m2, K 1,531 g/m2, B 63 g/m2). It was observed that the elimination of nutrients within the soil (COD 97.5%, PO4 94.4%, K 59.17%, Ntotal 18.8%, B 12.69%) was very efficient except for the nitrogen, which nevertheless did not reach the groundwater, as it was eliminated at deep levels of the unsaturated zone. Only 12.69% of the boron was removed, and appreciable, increasing amounts of this element did reach the groundwater. Unexpectedly, none of the majority nutrients behaved as a reliable indicator of the impact on groundwater; despite this, the boron and the bicarbonate did clearly reflect the arrival of the recharged water, and are proposed as the best indicators., CICYT, IGME, Depto. de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

In the years prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid growth of tourism and the emergence of online tourist accommodation rental platforms gave rise to a considerable increase in the tourist pressure on urban destinations, leading to processes (and problems) such as overtourism, tourism gentrification or touristification. The post-pandemic tourism recovery has placed these processes at the centre of debate once again. This text reflects on the possibilities for measuring the touristification of the urban space. A methodology is proposed that is based on the elaboration of two indicators that are applied on a city block scale in Donostia-San Sebastián: an indicator of the intensity of tourism accommodation and an indicator of the tourism specialisation of the retail and restaurant supply. Then, a spatial cross analysis is made of the values obtained and they are compared with the presence of visitors, enabling us to reflect on the geography of the touristification of the city on a block scale. Touristification is, above all, a process of the intensification of the tourism activity which is distributed unevenly across the urban space and acts on a pre-existing fabric that determines its scope. From an applied perspective, the study generates useful knowledge for making decisions about the series of urban policies that contemplate the sustainable insertion of tourism into the city., Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Societies’ use of material resources is increasingly recognized as a key factor behind sustainability problems. The mass of materials used per capita and year differs substantially between countries. However, a limited range of variables (mostly per-capita gross domestic product [GDP]) were analyzed to explain this variation. Spatial patterns of cities influence their resource use, but the role of patterns of settlements and infrastructures as co-determinants of national-level material use is unknown, mainly due to lacking data to investigate their effects at that scale. Here we start closing this gap by systematically analyzing a broad set of potential determinants of national per-capita material demand, including built structures. Material demand is represented by both production- and consumption-based indicators. Among its potential determinants, we analyze eight novel indicators representing extent and spatial patterns of settlements and transport infrastructures in each country, along with GDP and other indicators considered so far. Analyzing 123 countries inhabited by 91% of the world population and accounting for 92% of world GDP, we show that built structures strongly co-determine resource use. Indicators of extent and spatial patterns of built structures have substantial additional explanatory power beyond GDP and other conventional indicators for both production- and consumption-based material flow indicators. The area of built-up land per capita emerges as the strongest predictor, but several other indicators representing built structures are also highly relevant. Limiting built-up land and designing spatial patterns of built structures hence deserve attention in attempts to reduce societies’ resource throughput.

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the energy context and challenges in meeting the seventh Sustainable Development Goal "Clean and affordable energy" in Belo Horizonte, the capital of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A documentary and quantitative research was carried out, based on secondary data in government databases. Results: The data shows that the proportion of the population of Belo Horizonte with access to electricity in the period from 2010 to 2019 reached a maximum of 100% in the years 2016, 2017 and 2019. Women in Belo Horizonte had more access to electricity (99.67%), as well as white people. Coverage of energy efficiency in public lighting was higher in the regions of Barreiro, Oeste and Pampulha. Considering the micro perspective, which has greater governance of this territory and challenges it faces, it is essential to monitor how Brazil is succeeding in achieving the 2030 Agenda, since it is still possible to intervene to improve it., Contexto: El objetivo es analizar el contexto energético y los desafíos en el cumplimiento del séptimo objetivo de desarrollo sostenible “Energía limpia y accesible” frente a las metas a ser alcanzadas por Belo Horizonte, capital de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación documental y cuantitativa, a partir de datos secundarios de bases de datos gubernamentales. Resultados: Los datos muestran que la proporción de la población de Belo Horizonte con acceso a la electricidad en el período de 2010 a 2019 alcanzó un pico del 100% en los años 2016, 2017 y 2019. Las mujeres de Belo Horizonte tuvieron más acceso a la electricidad (99,67 %), así como la gente blanca. La cobertura de eficiencia energética en alumbrado público fue mayor en las regiones de Barreiro, Oeste y Pampulha. Es necesario monitorear cómo Brasil está cumpliendo la Agenda 2030 desde la perspectiva micro, que tiene una mayor gobernanza en su territorio y los desafíos que enfrenta, porque aún es posible intervenir para construir un mejor país., Contexto: O objetivo é analisar o contexto energético e os desafios em cumprir o sétimo objetivo do desenvolvimento sustentável “Energia limpa e acessível” frente às metas a serem alcançadas por Belo Horizonte, capital mineira, Brasil. Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental e quantitativa, a partir de dados secundários em bases governamentais. Resultados: Os dados demonstram que proporção da população belo-horizontina com acesso à energia elétrica no período de 2010 a 2019, atingiu o ápice de 100% nos anos de 2016, 2017 e 2019. As mulheres de Belo Horizonte tiveram mais acesso à energia elétrica (99,67%), bem como as pessoas de cor branca. A cobertura da eficiência energética na iluminação pública foi maior nas regionais Barreiro, Oeste e Pampulha. É necessário monitorar como o Brasil está cumprindo a Agenda 2030 a partir da perspectiva micro, que tem maior governança do seu território e os desafios que está a enfrentar, porque ainda é possível intervir para construção de um país melhor.

The transition towards the circular economy (CE) is one of the major priorities of the European Union (EU). By observing its benefits through the prism of sustainable development, this study aims to reveal the intricate relationships between the CE and the economy–society–environment nexus across 27 EU countries during the period from 2012 to 2020. Utilizing an extensive dataset comprising 243 observations drawn from the EUROSTAT database, we employed a panel data analysis. In this research, we quantified the impact of CE indicators on key dependent variables: GDP per capita (economic dimension), mortality, morbidity, and the welfare cost associated with exposure to environment-related risks (social dimension) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the environmental realm. The findings of our study illuminate the multifaceted connections between circular economy practices and the broader goals of sustainable development within the EU-27 context. The CE indicators aggregated at the EU level not only have a beneficial impact on the economy but also on society and the environment. The analysis reveals that each of the six explanatory variables incorporated into the models exhibits the anticipated relationship with at least one of the outcome variables. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, public authorities, and other stakeholders seeking to enhance the circular economy landscape in respective countries., Peer Reviewed

The 231 indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are crucial for measuring progress on 169 targets. But the seemingly large number of indicators and the associated cost of monitoring have led to calls for streamlining. Here I present an alternative perspective on the SDG indicators by paying due regard to their performativity, or ability to shape outcomes. By drawing on the literature on conditions under which indicators have unintended consequences, I argue that there are rather limited, chiefly quantitative indicators to adequately address the multifaceted aspects of diverse targets they serve. The SDG indicators in their current form run the risk of ‘the tail wagging the dog’ by powering over their targets. Further streamlining the indicator framework would likely exacerbate the risk, and undermine the ambition, integrity, and legitimacy of the SDGs. The analysis recommends augmenting the indicator framework and integrate indicator development into future negotiations of global goals and targets.

Access to electricity in a sustainable, affordable, and reliable manner is still a challenge, especially for rural communities in developing regions. In this study, we applied the HOMER Pro software for scaling up electricity and finding the optimum system that can satisfy the future electricity demand cost-effectively. Additionally, we analyzed the aspects that could influence the sustainability of the project, based on selected indicators, to address the best strategies for future improvements in the system performance. The main source of information for this research was the data collection in the study area through interviews with 35 individuals, including the owners of households, revenue collectors, and local governance selected based on their level of involvement and also their knowledge about the project. We focused on the solar PV mini-grid system installed in Mavumira village in Mozambique. Our results showed that among various configurations analyzed, hybrid solar PV/diesel/battery is the most appropriate system, as it presents the lowest cost of electricity (LCOE) of 0.47 $/kWh compared to other solutions, such as diesel-only with 0.63 $/kWh. Moreover, we found that in the future, the system will require less government subsidy than today's case, as the optimized future system is 1.3 times more expensive than the expected future tariff (0.37 $/kWh). By investigating the sustainability of the project, we found that, on a scale from 1 to 5, the economic and social indicators like economic activities and safety scored high (5 and 4, respectively), meaning that they are likely to ensure the project's performance over its lifetime, compared to the technical and institutional indicators like the reliability of power supply and effectiveness of local governance, which were attributed low-performance scores (1 and 2, respectively). These last aspects need to be adequately addressed, through local skills for operation and maintenance, to avoid failure in the s

This article presents a documentary analysis on the socioeconomic indicators with an impact on education, with the main objective of identifying, analyzing and systematizing the information regarding the measurement of parameters that contribute to the development of a state, so that in future stages of the Research provides the basis for new proposals and development of public policies in education. Therefore, we worked on a qualitative study to analyze and classify the information contained in documents in scientific databases and indexed journals that talk about the topic of socioeconomic indicators in education, with the approach of a documentary record. As a result, four categories of analysis were obtained: conceptualization and elements of an indicator, historical development of the indicators and their classification, reference of indicators that contribute to the analysis of education at a national and international level and finally the programs and actions for implementation. of indicators that contribute to the analysis of education in the state of San Luis Potosí, El presente artículo presenta un análisis documental sobre los indicadores socioeconómicos con impacto en la educación, con el objetivo principal de identificar, analizar y sistematizar la información respecto a la medición de parámetros que contribuyen al desarrollo de un estado, para que en futuras etapas de la investigación se tenga la base para las nuevas propuestas y desarrollo de políticas públicas en educación. Por lo anterior, se trabajó en un estudio cualitativo para analizar y clasificar la información contenida en documentos en base de datos científicas y revistas indexadas que hablan sobre el tema de indicadores socioeconómicos en educación, con el enfoque de un registro documental. Como resultado se obtuvieron cuatro categorías de análisis: conceptualización y elementos de un indicador, desarrollo histórico de los indicadores y su clasificación, referencia de indicadores que contribuyen al análisis de la educación a nivel nacional e internacional y por último los programas y acciones para la implementación de indicadores que contribuyen al análisis de la educación en el estado de San Luis Potosí.

Cooperativism is an interesting option for those farmers with difficulties to carry out their production since, by associating, they increase the efficiency of their businesses, at the same time that it opens the doors to soft credits, technical-financial support and they have the possibility of acquiring assets at a lower price. cost, among other benefits. In updating the budding Cuban economic model, the cooperatives are called upon to join the National Economy Plan (PEN). The present investigation fits into this guideline, specifically postulates a rational procedure to integrate cooperatives into the PEN. The methodology used is of the qualitative and quantitative type, where it was necessary to systematize the theoretical and methodological foundations associated with the economic planning process of cooperative companies, to later validate the result through expert criteria by the Delphi method and verify its reliability by Alpha. de Cronbach. Where the expected results are aimed at improving the coordination and integration of productive, economic and financial aspects, in order to enhance their initiatives and efforts to achieve economic objectives, with maximum efficiency and the collaboration of their associates. To avoid distortions in the results, contributing to better planning and organization of cooperative companies, by calculating efficiency indicators, O cooperativismo é uma opção interessante para aqueles agricultores com dificuldades em realizar a sua produção, pois, ao associarem-se, aumentam a eficiência dos seus negócios, ao mesmo tempo que abre as portas aos créditos bonificados, ao apoio técnico-financeiro e têm a possibilidade de adquirir ativos com menor preço, custo, entre outros benefícios. Na atualização do modelo económico cubano em formação, as cooperativas são chamadas a aderir ao Plano de Economia Nacional (PEN). A presente investigação enquadra-se nesta diretriz, postula especificamente um procedimento racional para integração das cooperativas ao PEN. A metodologia utilizada é do tipo qualitativa e quantitativa, onde foi necessário sistematizar os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos associados ao processo de planejamento econômico das empresas cooperativas, para posteriormente validar o resultado através de critérios periciais pelo método Delphi e verificar sua confiabilidade por Alpha ...de Cronbach. Onde os resultados esperados visam melhorar a coordenação e integração dos aspectos produtivos, económicos e financeiros, de forma a potenciar as suas iniciativas e esforços para atingir os objectivos económicos, com a máxima eficiência e a colaboração dos seus associados. Evitar distorções nos resultados, contribuindo para um melhor planejamento e organização das empresas cooperativas, por meio do cálculo de indicadores de eficiência, El cooperativismo es una opción interesante para aquellos agricultores con dificultades para realizar su producción puesto que, al asociarse, acrecientan la eficiencia de sus negocios, al tiempo que abre las puertas a créditos blandos, apoyo técnico-financiero y tienen posibilidad de adquirir activos a menor costo, entre otras ventajas. En la actualización del modelo económico cubano en ciernes, las cooperativas están llamadas a integrarse al Plan de la Economía Nacional (PEN). La presente investigación encaja en esa directriz, postula específicamente un procedimiento racional para integrar las cooperativas al PEN. La metodología utilizada es del tipo cualitativa y cuantitativa, donde fue preciso sistematizar los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos asociados al proceso de planificación económica de empresas cooperativas, para posteriormente validar el resultado mediante el criterio de experto por el método Delphi y verificar su fiabilidad por el Alfa de Cronbach. Donde los resultados esperados están encaminados a mejorar la coordinación e integración de los aspectos productivos, económicos y financieros, en función de potenciar sus iniciativas y esfuerzos para el logro de los objetivos económicos, con el máximo de eficacia y la colaboración de sus asociados. Para evitar distorsiones en los resultados, contribuyendo a una mejor planificación y organización de las empresas cooperativas, mediante el cálculo de los indicadores de eficiencia

The purpose of this work is to establish the relationship that GDP growth may have with indicators such as ease of doing business, and perceptions of corruption, based on the positions of the World Bank, Doing Business, and Transparency International. The way of working on each relationship between the GDP and a studied variable was approached from quantitative research of descriptive-deductive type. The results show that the hypothesis that countries with greater ease of doing business, and lower perception of corruption are those with higher GDP growth is partially fulfilled; the analysis of the changes in the variables of the study determines two conclusions: 1) a deductive analysis, which allows concluding that there is a partial relationship between the variables studied and GDP growth and 2) a correlational analysis between the variables studied, versus the behavior of GDP with economic and political events, occurred in the countries located at the extremes of these figures (Colombia and UK), allowing identifying a result opposite to the deductive analysis., El propósito de este trabajo es establecer la relación que puede tener el crecimiento del producto interno bruto (PIB) con indicadores como la facilidad de hacer negocios y la percepción de corrupción, partiendo de las posturas del Banco Mundial, el Doing Business y Transparencia Internacional. La relación entre el PIB y cada variable estudiada se aborda desde una investigación cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo-deductivo. Los resultados evidencian que se cumple parcialmente la hipótesis de que los países con una alta facilidad de hacer negocios y menor percepción de corrupción son los que tienen un mayor crecimiento en su PIB. Se determinan dos conclusiones: 1) el análisis deductivo indica que existe una relación parcial entre las variables examinadas y el crecimiento del PIB, aunque 2) el análisis correlacional entre los parámetros seleccionados y el comportamiento del PIB con acontecimientos económicos y políticos ocurridos en los países situados en los extremos de estas cifras (Colombia y Reino Unido) permite identificar una tendencia opuesta.