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This study investigated the dynamic changes of land use/cover in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 1979 to 2016 by using transfer matrix method combined with remote sensing and GIS. The results show that during this period, Farmland reduced 19744.27 km2with a drop of 81%, 6147.76 km2of which had been designated for industrial land. The land use changed variously among the districts in the GBA, and the comprehensive dynamic index of land use of Zhongshan city was the highest; and that of Huizhou city was the lowest. Social and economic factors such as population, economy, transportation and policy all have an important impact on the land use pattern and its changes in the GBA. © 2021 SPIE. All rights reserved.

This study investigated the dynamic changes of land use/cover in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 1979 to 2016 by using transfer matrix method combined with remote sensing and GIS. The results show that during this period, Farmland reduced 19744.27 km2with a drop of 81%, 6147.76 km2of which had been designated for industrial land. The land use changed variously among the districts in the GBA, and the comprehensive dynamic index of land use of Zhongshan city was the highest; and that of Huizhou city was the lowest. Social and economic factors such as population, economy, transportation and policy all have an important impact on the land use pattern and its changes in the GBA. © 2021 SPIE. All rights reserved.

The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao enjoy a high degree of autonomy from the national policy system in devising their local policies, including measures related to climate change. Hong Kong and Macao each have their own climate change policies, some aspects of which are more advanced than policies in mainland China. While their high degree of policy autonomy has advantages, this has also isolated them from China's larger environmental management and practices that continue to advance at scale. This paper reviews the climate change policies of the two special administrative regions and analyzes their strengths and innovations, particularly in adaptation. It also identifies areas where there could be closer engagement, collaboration, and capacity-building with the mainland China, which has the potential for greater positive impacts, especially on a regional basis. © 2021 The Authors

The residential sector is a substantial consumer of energy worldwide, especially in China, and therefore a focus of energy conservation efforts. Although cities are basic executive units nowadays, their residential energy consumption (REC) is often overlooked. By revealing this research gap, we develop a REC calculation model at the city level (CRECM) and an improved residential stock turnover model (RSTM) to calculate the REC and residential stock of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) cities. Based on these two indicators, the REC intensity is quantified to measure residential energy efficiency. The results show that 11 GBA cities see a dramatic increase in REC over the past 16 years and REC intensities of most cities have plateaued out. The total REC of GBA is expected to rise until that of Guangzhou and Shenzhen reaches the peak. Also, the over residential stock of GBA has tended to saturation in recent years after significant growth, while some cities (i.e. Zhuhai, Huizhou, and Zhongshan) tend to increase. The gaps in REC among cities can be attributed to socio-economic factors (population, GDP, and residential stock) and building characteristics (unit area and construction vintage). Both CRECM and RSTM proposed in this study can provide robust data support for developing building energy efficiency policies for GBA cities as well as other cities across the country

The relatively low level of sustainability of major public projects has been subject to criticism by the community, increasing the pressure to incorporate the concept throughout the project lifecycle and the importance of understanding the perceptions of affected groups. The study undertook this task by compiling a list from the literature of the sustainability concerns associated with major public projects from their economic-social-environmental implications, identifying the relevant stakeholder groups in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and their levels of influence by interviews, and evaluating various sustainability objectives from a multi-stakeholder perspective by questionnaire survey. The results were validated through a series of interviews with purposively selected experts. The study findings indicate the need for more consideration of social concerns in Guangdong province, the proper levels of public participation in Hong Kong to avoid excessive interruptions to the pace of project procurement, and that Macao may have to experience a relatively slow development of construction in order to balance the social/environmental requirements involved. These findings contribute to both the government and construction industry at large in delivering economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable major public projects in the Bay Area and China as a whole.