44 results on '"ftalaten"'
Search Results
2. Prenatal Exposure to Non-persistent Chemicals and Child neurodevelopment: an Epidemiological Study
- Author
-
Dries, M.A. (Michiel) van den and Dries, M.A. (Michiel) van den
- Abstract
This thesis investigates the relation between prenatal exposure to the non-persistent chemicals phthalates, bisphenol
- Published
- 2021
3. Evaluation of health risks of playing sports on synthetic turf pitches with rubber granulate
- Author
-
CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, de Groot GM, CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, and de Groot GM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:New research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) indicates that the health risk of playing sports on synthetic turf pitches with an infill of rubber granulate is virtually negligible. Therefore, it is considered safe for people to play sports on such pitches. The research was conducted following public concerns prompted by the Dutch TV programme Zembla called 'Dangerous Play' in October 2016. RIVM hopes that the results of the research will help to answer questions from ministries, municipalities, sports clubs and parents. To evaluate the health risks of playing sports on rubber granulate, it is important to determine which hazardous substances are contained in the granulate and to what extent they may be released. Subsequently, it should be examined how people playing sports can come into contact with these substances and whether this can lead to health effects. Rubber granulate contains numerous substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, plasticisers (phthalates) and bisphenol A (BPA). These substances were found to be released from the granulate in very low amounts. This is because the substances are more or less 'enclosed' in the granulate, which means that the effect of these substances on human health is virtually negligible. What did RIVM investigate? RIVM determined the substances in rubber granulate from 100 sports pitches that are representative of the synthetic turf pitches in the Netherlands. The institute further performed three types of laboratory tests to examine the release of substances from the granulate if a person playing sport comes into contact with them. These 'migration studies' were used to assess to which extent substances can enter the human body via the skin, via the gastrointestinal tract or via the lungs. This was used to calculate human exposure to the released substances and how this can affect health. In addition, RIVM studied the information available in the scientif, Uit nieuw onderzoek van het RIVM blijkt dat het risico voor de gezondheid van sporten op kunstgrasvelden die zijn ingestrooid met rubbergranulaat, praktisch verwaarloosbaar is. Dat betekent dat het verantwoord is om op deze velden te sporten. Aanleiding voor het onderzoek is de maatschappelijke bezorgdheid die ontstond na de televisie-uitzending van Zembla 'Gevaarlijk spel' in oktober 2016. Het RIVM hoopt met de resultaten bij te dragen aan de beantwoording van de vragen van ministeries, gemeenten, sportclubs en ouders. Om te kunnen beoordelen in hoeverre sporten op granulaat een risico voor de gezondheid vormt, is het belangrijk om eerst te bepalen welke schadelijke stoffen in het granulaat zitten en in welke mate ze eruit kunnen vrijkomen. Vervolgens moet worden gekeken op welke manieren sporters in contact komen met deze stoffen en of dat gevolgen voor de gezondheid heeft. In rubbergranulaat zitten heel veel verschillende stoffen, zoals polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK's), metalen, weekmakers (ftalaten) en bisfenol A (BPA). De stoffen blijken in zeer lage hoeveelheden uit de korrels vrij te komen. Dat komt doordat de stoffen min of meer in het granulaat zijn 'opgesloten'. Hierdoor is het schadelijke effect op de gezondheid praktisch verwaarloosbaar. Wat heeft het RIVM onderzocht? Het RIVM heeft de stoffen onderzocht in rubbergranulaat van 100 sportvelden die representatief zijn voor de kunstgrasvelden in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn drie soorten laboratoriumproeven uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken welke stoffen uit de korrels vrijkomen als de sporter ermee in aanraking komt. Met deze zogeheten migratiestudies is uitgezocht in welke mate stoffen via de huid in het lichaam kunnen terechtkomen, via het spijsverteringskanaal of via de longen. Vervolgens is berekend in hoeverre mensen aan de vrijgekomen stoffen blootstaan en wat dat betekent voor de gezondheid. Verder is de beschikbare informatie in de wetenschappelijke literatuur bestudeerd over de stoffen in
- Published
- 2017
4. Evaluation of health risks of playing sports on synthetic turf pitches with rubber granulate
- Author
-
CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, de Groot GM, CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, and de Groot GM
- Abstract
New research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) indicates that the health risk of playing sports on synthetic turf pitches with an infill of rubber granulate is virtually negligible. Therefore, it is considered safe for people to play sports on such pitches. The research was conducted following public concerns prompted by the Dutch TV programme Zembla called 'Dangerous Play' in October 2016. RIVM hopes that the results of the research will help to answer questions from ministries, municipalities, sports clubs and parents. To evaluate the health risks of playing sports on rubber granulate, it is important to determine which hazardous substances are contained in the granulate and to what extent they may be released. Subsequently, it should be examined how people playing sports can come into contact with these substances and whether this can lead to health effects. Rubber granulate contains numerous substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, plasticisers (phthalates) and bisphenol A (BPA). These substances were found to be released from the granulate in very low amounts. This is because the substances are more or less 'enclosed' in the granulate, which means that the effect of these substances on human health is virtually negligible. What did RIVM investigate? RIVM determined the substances in rubber granulate from 100 sports pitches that are representative of the synthetic turf pitches in the Netherlands. The institute further performed three types of laboratory tests to examine the release of substances from the granulate if a person playing sport comes into contact with them. These 'migration studies' were used to assess to which extent substances can enter the human body via the skin, via the gastrointestinal tract or via the lungs. This was used to calculate human exposure to the released substances and how this can affect health. In addition, RIVM studied the information available in the scientif, Uit nieuw onderzoek van het RIVM blijkt dat het risico voor de gezondheid van sporten op kunstgrasvelden die zijn ingestrooid met rubbergranulaat, praktisch verwaarloosbaar is. Dat betekent dat het verantwoord is om op deze velden te sporten. Aanleiding voor het onderzoek is de maatschappelijke bezorgdheid die ontstond na de televisie-uitzending van Zembla 'Gevaarlijk spel' in oktober 2016. Het RIVM hoopt met de resultaten bij te dragen aan de beantwoording van de vragen van ministeries, gemeenten, sportclubs en ouders. Om te kunnen beoordelen in hoeverre sporten op granulaat een risico voor de gezondheid vormt, is het belangrijk om eerst te bepalen welke schadelijke stoffen in het granulaat zitten en in welke mate ze eruit kunnen vrijkomen. Vervolgens moet worden gekeken op welke manieren sporters in contact komen met deze stoffen en of dat gevolgen voor de gezondheid heeft. In rubbergranulaat zitten heel veel verschillende stoffen, zoals polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK's), metalen, weekmakers (ftalaten) en bisfenol A (BPA). De stoffen blijken in zeer lage hoeveelheden uit de korrels vrij te komen. Dat komt doordat de stoffen min of meer in het granulaat zijn 'opgesloten'. Hierdoor is het schadelijke effect op de gezondheid praktisch verwaarloosbaar. Wat heeft het RIVM onderzocht? Het RIVM heeft de stoffen onderzocht in rubbergranulaat van 100 sportvelden die representatief zijn voor de kunstgrasvelden in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn drie soorten laboratoriumproeven uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken welke stoffen uit de korrels vrijkomen als de sporter ermee in aanraking komt. Met deze zogeheten migratiestudies is uitgezocht in welke mate stoffen via de huid in het lichaam kunnen terechtkomen, via het spijsverteringskanaal of via de longen. Vervolgens is berekend in hoeverre mensen aan de vrijgekomen stoffen blootstaan en wat dat betekent voor de gezondheid. Verder is de beschikbare informatie in de wetenschappelijke literatuur bestudeerd over de stoffen in
- Published
- 2017
5. Evaluation of health risks of playing sports on synthetic turf pitches with rubber granulate
- Author
-
CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, de Groot GM, CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, and de Groot GM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:New research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) indicates that the health risk of playing sports on synthetic turf pitches with an infill of rubber granulate is virtually negligible. Therefore, it is considered safe for people to play sports on such pitches. The research was conducted following public concerns prompted by the Dutch TV programme Zembla called 'Dangerous Play' in October 2016. RIVM hopes that the results of the research will help to answer questions from ministries, municipalities, sports clubs and parents. To evaluate the health risks of playing sports on rubber granulate, it is important to determine which hazardous substances are contained in the granulate and to what extent they may be released. Subsequently, it should be examined how people playing sports can come into contact with these substances and whether this can lead to health effects. Rubber granulate contains numerous substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, plasticisers (phthalates) and bisphenol A (BPA). These substances were found to be released from the granulate in very low amounts. This is because the substances are more or less 'enclosed' in the granulate, which means that the effect of these substances on human health is virtually negligible. What did RIVM investigate? RIVM determined the substances in rubber granulate from 100 sports pitches that are representative of the synthetic turf pitches in the Netherlands. The institute further performed three types of laboratory tests to examine the release of substances from the granulate if a person playing sport comes into contact with them. These 'migration studies' were used to assess to which extent substances can enter the human body via the skin, via the gastrointestinal tract or via the lungs. This was used to calculate human exposure to the released substances and how this can affect health. In addition, RIVM studied the information available in the scientif, Uit nieuw onderzoek van het RIVM blijkt dat het risico voor de gezondheid van sporten op kunstgrasvelden die zijn ingestrooid met rubbergranulaat, praktisch verwaarloosbaar is. Dat betekent dat het verantwoord is om op deze velden te sporten. Aanleiding voor het onderzoek is de maatschappelijke bezorgdheid die ontstond na de televisie-uitzending van Zembla 'Gevaarlijk spel' in oktober 2016. Het RIVM hoopt met de resultaten bij te dragen aan de beantwoording van de vragen van ministeries, gemeenten, sportclubs en ouders. Om te kunnen beoordelen in hoeverre sporten op granulaat een risico voor de gezondheid vormt, is het belangrijk om eerst te bepalen welke schadelijke stoffen in het granulaat zitten en in welke mate ze eruit kunnen vrijkomen. Vervolgens moet worden gekeken op welke manieren sporters in contact komen met deze stoffen en of dat gevolgen voor de gezondheid heeft. In rubbergranulaat zitten heel veel verschillende stoffen, zoals polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK's), metalen, weekmakers (ftalaten) en bisfenol A (BPA). De stoffen blijken in zeer lage hoeveelheden uit de korrels vrij te komen. Dat komt doordat de stoffen min of meer in het granulaat zijn 'opgesloten'. Hierdoor is het schadelijke effect op de gezondheid praktisch verwaarloosbaar. Wat heeft het RIVM onderzocht? Het RIVM heeft de stoffen onderzocht in rubbergranulaat van 100 sportvelden die representatief zijn voor de kunstgrasvelden in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn drie soorten laboratoriumproeven uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken welke stoffen uit de korrels vrijkomen als de sporter ermee in aanraking komt. Met deze zogeheten migratiestudies is uitgezocht in welke mate stoffen via de huid in het lichaam kunnen terechtkomen, via het spijsverteringskanaal of via de longen. Vervolgens is berekend in hoeverre mensen aan de vrijgekomen stoffen blootstaan en wat dat betekent voor de gezondheid. Verder is de beschikbare informatie in de wetenschappelijke literatuur bestudeerd over de stoffen in
- Published
- 2017
6. Evaluation of health risks of playing sports on synthetic turf pitches with rubber granulate
- Author
-
CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, de Groot GM, CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, and de Groot GM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:New research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) indicates that the health risk of playing sports on synthetic turf pitches with an infill of rubber granulate is virtually negligible. Therefore, it is considered safe for people to play sports on such pitches. The research was conducted following public concerns prompted by the Dutch TV programme Zembla called 'Dangerous Play' in October 2016. RIVM hopes that the results of the research will help to answer questions from ministries, municipalities, sports clubs and parents. To evaluate the health risks of playing sports on rubber granulate, it is important to determine which hazardous substances are contained in the granulate and to what extent they may be released. Subsequently, it should be examined how people playing sports can come into contact with these substances and whether this can lead to health effects. Rubber granulate contains numerous substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, plasticisers (phthalates) and bisphenol A (BPA). These substances were found to be released from the granulate in very low amounts. This is because the substances are more or less 'enclosed' in the granulate, which means that the effect of these substances on human health is virtually negligible. What did RIVM investigate? RIVM determined the substances in rubber granulate from 100 sports pitches that are representative of the synthetic turf pitches in the Netherlands. The institute further performed three types of laboratory tests to examine the release of substances from the granulate if a person playing sport comes into contact with them. These 'migration studies' were used to assess to which extent substances can enter the human body via the skin, via the gastrointestinal tract or via the lungs. This was used to calculate human exposure to the released substances and how this can affect health. In addition, RIVM studied the information available in the scientif, Uit nieuw onderzoek van het RIVM blijkt dat het risico voor de gezondheid van sporten op kunstgrasvelden die zijn ingestrooid met rubbergranulaat, praktisch verwaarloosbaar is. Dat betekent dat het verantwoord is om op deze velden te sporten. Aanleiding voor het onderzoek is de maatschappelijke bezorgdheid die ontstond na de televisie-uitzending van Zembla 'Gevaarlijk spel' in oktober 2016. Het RIVM hoopt met de resultaten bij te dragen aan de beantwoording van de vragen van ministeries, gemeenten, sportclubs en ouders. Om te kunnen beoordelen in hoeverre sporten op granulaat een risico voor de gezondheid vormt, is het belangrijk om eerst te bepalen welke schadelijke stoffen in het granulaat zitten en in welke mate ze eruit kunnen vrijkomen. Vervolgens moet worden gekeken op welke manieren sporters in contact komen met deze stoffen en of dat gevolgen voor de gezondheid heeft. In rubbergranulaat zitten heel veel verschillende stoffen, zoals polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK's), metalen, weekmakers (ftalaten) en bisfenol A (BPA). De stoffen blijken in zeer lage hoeveelheden uit de korrels vrij te komen. Dat komt doordat de stoffen min of meer in het granulaat zijn 'opgesloten'. Hierdoor is het schadelijke effect op de gezondheid praktisch verwaarloosbaar. Wat heeft het RIVM onderzocht? Het RIVM heeft de stoffen onderzocht in rubbergranulaat van 100 sportvelden die representatief zijn voor de kunstgrasvelden in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn drie soorten laboratoriumproeven uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken welke stoffen uit de korrels vrijkomen als de sporter ermee in aanraking komt. Met deze zogeheten migratiestudies is uitgezocht in welke mate stoffen via de huid in het lichaam kunnen terechtkomen, via het spijsverteringskanaal of via de longen. Vervolgens is berekend in hoeverre mensen aan de vrijgekomen stoffen blootstaan en wat dat betekent voor de gezondheid. Verder is de beschikbare informatie in de wetenschappelijke literatuur bestudeerd over de stoffen in
- Published
- 2017
7. Beoordeling gezondheidsrisico's door sporten op kunstgrasvelden met rubbergranulaat
- Author
-
CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, de Groot GM, CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, and de Groot GM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Uit nieuw onderzoek van het RIVM blijkt dat het risico voor de gezondheid van sporten op kunstgrasvelden die zijn ingestrooid met rubbergranulaat, praktisch verwaarloosbaar is. Dat betekent dat het verantwoord is om op deze velden te sporten. Aanleiding voor het onderzoek is de maatschappelijke bezorgdheid die ontstond na de televisie-uitzending van Zembla 'Gevaarlijk spel' in oktober 2016. Het RIVM hoopt met de resultaten bij te dragen aan de beantwoording van de vragen van ministeries, gemeenten, sportclubs en ouders. Om te kunnen beoordelen in hoeverre sporten op granulaat een risico voor de gezondheid vormt, is het belangrijk om eerst te bepalen welke schadelijke stoffen in het granulaat zitten en in welke mate ze eruit kunnen vrijkomen. Vervolgens moet worden gekeken op welke manieren sporters in contact komen met deze stoffen en of dat gevolgen voor de gezondheid heeft. In rubbergranulaat zitten heel veel verschillende stoffen, zoals polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK's), metalen, weekmakers (ftalaten) en bisfenol A (BPA). De stoffen blijken in zeer lage hoeveelheden uit de korrels vrij te komen. Dat komt doordat de stoffen min of meer in het granulaat zijn 'opgesloten'. Hierdoor is het schadelijke effect op de gezondheid praktisch verwaarloosbaar. Wat heeft het RIVM onderzocht? Het RIVM heeft de stoffen onderzocht in rubbergranulaat van 100 sportvelden die representatief zijn voor de kunstgrasvelden in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn drie soorten laboratoriumproeven uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken welke stoffen uit de korrels vrijkomen als de sporter ermee in aanraking komt. Met deze zogeheten migratiestudies is uitgezocht in welke mate stoffen via de huid in het lichaam kunnen terechtkomen, via het spijsverteringskanaal of via de longen. Vervolgens is berekend in hoeverre mensen aan de vrijgekomen stoffen blootstaan en wat dat betekent voor de gezondheid. Verder is de beschikbare informatie in de wetenschappelijke literatuur bestudeerd over de stoffen in, New research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) indicates that the health risk of playing sports on synthetic turf fields with an infill of rubber granulate is virtually negligible. Therefore, it is considered safe for people to play sports on such fields. The research was conducted following public concerns prompted by the Dutch TV programme Zembla called 'Dangerous Play' in October 2016. RIVM hopes that the results of the research will help to answer questions from ministries, municipalities, sports clubs and parents. To evaluate the health risks of playing sports on rubber granulate, it is important to determine which harmful substances are contained in the granulate and to what extent they may be released. Subsequently, it should be examined how people playing sports can come into contact with these substances and whether this can lead to health effects. Rubber granulate contains numerous substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, plasticisers (phthalates) and bisphenol A (BPA). These substances were found to be released from the granulate in very low quantities. This is because the substances are more or less 'enclosed' in the granulate, which means that the effect of these substances on human health is virtually negligible. What did RIVM investigate? RIVM determined the substances in rubber granulate from 100 sports fields that are representative of the synthetic turf fields in the Netherlands. The institute further performed three types of laboratory tests to examine the release of substances from the granulate if a person playing sport comes into contact with them. These 'migration studies' were used to assess to which extent substances can enter the human body via the skin, via the gastrointestinal tract or via the lungs. This was used to calculate human exposure to the released substances and how this can affect health. In addition, RIVM studied the information available in the scientific
- Published
- 2016
8. Beoordeling gezondheidsrisico's door sporten op kunstgrasvelden met rubbergranulaat
- Author
-
CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, de Groot GM, CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, and de Groot GM
- Abstract
Uit nieuw onderzoek van het RIVM blijkt dat het risico voor de gezondheid van sporten op kunstgrasvelden die zijn ingestrooid met rubbergranulaat, praktisch verwaarloosbaar is. Dat betekent dat het verantwoord is om op deze velden te sporten. Aanleiding voor het onderzoek is de maatschappelijke bezorgdheid die ontstond na de televisie-uitzending van Zembla 'Gevaarlijk spel' in oktober 2016. Het RIVM hoopt met de resultaten bij te dragen aan de beantwoording van de vragen van ministeries, gemeenten, sportclubs en ouders. Om te kunnen beoordelen in hoeverre sporten op granulaat een risico voor de gezondheid vormt, is het belangrijk om eerst te bepalen welke schadelijke stoffen in het granulaat zitten en in welke mate ze eruit kunnen vrijkomen. Vervolgens moet worden gekeken op welke manieren sporters in contact komen met deze stoffen en of dat gevolgen voor de gezondheid heeft. In rubbergranulaat zitten heel veel verschillende stoffen, zoals polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK's), metalen, weekmakers (ftalaten) en bisfenol A (BPA). De stoffen blijken in zeer lage hoeveelheden uit de korrels vrij te komen. Dat komt doordat de stoffen min of meer in het granulaat zijn 'opgesloten'. Hierdoor is het schadelijke effect op de gezondheid praktisch verwaarloosbaar. Wat heeft het RIVM onderzocht? Het RIVM heeft de stoffen onderzocht in rubbergranulaat van 100 sportvelden die representatief zijn voor de kunstgrasvelden in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn drie soorten laboratoriumproeven uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken welke stoffen uit de korrels vrijkomen als de sporter ermee in aanraking komt. Met deze zogeheten migratiestudies is uitgezocht in welke mate stoffen via de huid in het lichaam kunnen terechtkomen, via het spijsverteringskanaal of via de longen. Vervolgens is berekend in hoeverre mensen aan de vrijgekomen stoffen blootstaan en wat dat betekent voor de gezondheid. Verder is de beschikbare informatie in de wetenschappelijke literatuur bestudeerd over de stoffen in, New research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) indicates that the health risk of playing sports on synthetic turf fields with an infill of rubber granulate is virtually negligible. Therefore, it is considered safe for people to play sports on such fields. The research was conducted following public concerns prompted by the Dutch TV programme Zembla called 'Dangerous Play' in October 2016. RIVM hopes that the results of the research will help to answer questions from ministries, municipalities, sports clubs and parents. To evaluate the health risks of playing sports on rubber granulate, it is important to determine which harmful substances are contained in the granulate and to what extent they may be released. Subsequently, it should be examined how people playing sports can come into contact with these substances and whether this can lead to health effects. Rubber granulate contains numerous substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, plasticisers (phthalates) and bisphenol A (BPA). These substances were found to be released from the granulate in very low quantities. This is because the substances are more or less 'enclosed' in the granulate, which means that the effect of these substances on human health is virtually negligible. What did RIVM investigate? RIVM determined the substances in rubber granulate from 100 sports fields that are representative of the synthetic turf fields in the Netherlands. The institute further performed three types of laboratory tests to examine the release of substances from the granulate if a person playing sport comes into contact with them. These 'migration studies' were used to assess to which extent substances can enter the human body via the skin, via the gastrointestinal tract or via the lungs. This was used to calculate human exposure to the released substances and how this can affect health. In addition, RIVM studied the information available in the scientific
- Published
- 2016
9. Beoordeling gezondheidsrisico's door sporten op kunstgrasvelden met rubbergranulaat
- Author
-
CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, de Groot GM, CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, and de Groot GM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Uit nieuw onderzoek van het RIVM blijkt dat het risico voor de gezondheid van sporten op kunstgrasvelden die zijn ingestrooid met rubbergranulaat, praktisch verwaarloosbaar is. Dat betekent dat het verantwoord is om op deze velden te sporten. Aanleiding voor het onderzoek is de maatschappelijke bezorgdheid die ontstond na de televisie-uitzending van Zembla 'Gevaarlijk spel' in oktober 2016. Het RIVM hoopt met de resultaten bij te dragen aan de beantwoording van de vragen van ministeries, gemeenten, sportclubs en ouders. Om te kunnen beoordelen in hoeverre sporten op granulaat een risico voor de gezondheid vormt, is het belangrijk om eerst te bepalen welke schadelijke stoffen in het granulaat zitten en in welke mate ze eruit kunnen vrijkomen. Vervolgens moet worden gekeken op welke manieren sporters in contact komen met deze stoffen en of dat gevolgen voor de gezondheid heeft. In rubbergranulaat zitten heel veel verschillende stoffen, zoals polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK's), metalen, weekmakers (ftalaten) en bisfenol A (BPA). De stoffen blijken in zeer lage hoeveelheden uit de korrels vrij te komen. Dat komt doordat de stoffen min of meer in het granulaat zijn 'opgesloten'. Hierdoor is het schadelijke effect op de gezondheid praktisch verwaarloosbaar. Wat heeft het RIVM onderzocht? Het RIVM heeft de stoffen onderzocht in rubbergranulaat van 100 sportvelden die representatief zijn voor de kunstgrasvelden in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn drie soorten laboratoriumproeven uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken welke stoffen uit de korrels vrijkomen als de sporter ermee in aanraking komt. Met deze zogeheten migratiestudies is uitgezocht in welke mate stoffen via de huid in het lichaam kunnen terechtkomen, via het spijsverteringskanaal of via de longen. Vervolgens is berekend in hoeverre mensen aan de vrijgekomen stoffen blootstaan en wat dat betekent voor de gezondheid. Verder is de beschikbare informatie in de wetenschappelijke literatuur bestudeerd over de stoffen in, New research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) indicates that the health risk of playing sports on synthetic turf fields with an infill of rubber granulate is virtually negligible. Therefore, it is considered safe for people to play sports on such fields. The research was conducted following public concerns prompted by the Dutch TV programme Zembla called 'Dangerous Play' in October 2016. RIVM hopes that the results of the research will help to answer questions from ministries, municipalities, sports clubs and parents. To evaluate the health risks of playing sports on rubber granulate, it is important to determine which harmful substances are contained in the granulate and to what extent they may be released. Subsequently, it should be examined how people playing sports can come into contact with these substances and whether this can lead to health effects. Rubber granulate contains numerous substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, plasticisers (phthalates) and bisphenol A (BPA). These substances were found to be released from the granulate in very low quantities. This is because the substances are more or less 'enclosed' in the granulate, which means that the effect of these substances on human health is virtually negligible. What did RIVM investigate? RIVM determined the substances in rubber granulate from 100 sports fields that are representative of the synthetic turf fields in the Netherlands. The institute further performed three types of laboratory tests to examine the release of substances from the granulate if a person playing sport comes into contact with them. These 'migration studies' were used to assess to which extent substances can enter the human body via the skin, via the gastrointestinal tract or via the lungs. This was used to calculate human exposure to the released substances and how this can affect health. In addition, RIVM studied the information available in the scientific
- Published
- 2016
10. Beoordeling gezondheidsrisico's door sporten op kunstgrasvelden met rubbergranulaat
- Author
-
CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, de Groot GM, CPV, M&V, Oomen AG, and de Groot GM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Uit nieuw onderzoek van het RIVM blijkt dat het risico voor de gezondheid van sporten op kunstgrasvelden die zijn ingestrooid met rubbergranulaat, praktisch verwaarloosbaar is. Dat betekent dat het verantwoord is om op deze velden te sporten. Aanleiding voor het onderzoek is de maatschappelijke bezorgdheid die ontstond na de televisie-uitzending van Zembla 'Gevaarlijk spel' in oktober 2016. Het RIVM hoopt met de resultaten bij te dragen aan de beantwoording van de vragen van ministeries, gemeenten, sportclubs en ouders. Om te kunnen beoordelen in hoeverre sporten op granulaat een risico voor de gezondheid vormt, is het belangrijk om eerst te bepalen welke schadelijke stoffen in het granulaat zitten en in welke mate ze eruit kunnen vrijkomen. Vervolgens moet worden gekeken op welke manieren sporters in contact komen met deze stoffen en of dat gevolgen voor de gezondheid heeft. In rubbergranulaat zitten heel veel verschillende stoffen, zoals polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK's), metalen, weekmakers (ftalaten) en bisfenol A (BPA). De stoffen blijken in zeer lage hoeveelheden uit de korrels vrij te komen. Dat komt doordat de stoffen min of meer in het granulaat zijn 'opgesloten'. Hierdoor is het schadelijke effect op de gezondheid praktisch verwaarloosbaar. Wat heeft het RIVM onderzocht? Het RIVM heeft de stoffen onderzocht in rubbergranulaat van 100 sportvelden die representatief zijn voor de kunstgrasvelden in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn drie soorten laboratoriumproeven uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken welke stoffen uit de korrels vrijkomen als de sporter ermee in aanraking komt. Met deze zogeheten migratiestudies is uitgezocht in welke mate stoffen via de huid in het lichaam kunnen terechtkomen, via het spijsverteringskanaal of via de longen. Vervolgens is berekend in hoeverre mensen aan de vrijgekomen stoffen blootstaan en wat dat betekent voor de gezondheid. Verder is de beschikbare informatie in de wetenschappelijke literatuur bestudeerd over de stoffen in, New research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) indicates that the health risk of playing sports on synthetic turf fields with an infill of rubber granulate is virtually negligible. Therefore, it is considered safe for people to play sports on such fields. The research was conducted following public concerns prompted by the Dutch TV programme Zembla called 'Dangerous Play' in October 2016. RIVM hopes that the results of the research will help to answer questions from ministries, municipalities, sports clubs and parents. To evaluate the health risks of playing sports on rubber granulate, it is important to determine which harmful substances are contained in the granulate and to what extent they may be released. Subsequently, it should be examined how people playing sports can come into contact with these substances and whether this can lead to health effects. Rubber granulate contains numerous substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, plasticisers (phthalates) and bisphenol A (BPA). These substances were found to be released from the granulate in very low quantities. This is because the substances are more or less 'enclosed' in the granulate, which means that the effect of these substances on human health is virtually negligible. What did RIVM investigate? RIVM determined the substances in rubber granulate from 100 sports fields that are representative of the synthetic turf fields in the Netherlands. The institute further performed three types of laboratory tests to examine the release of substances from the granulate if a person playing sport comes into contact with them. These 'migration studies' were used to assess to which extent substances can enter the human body via the skin, via the gastrointestinal tract or via the lungs. This was used to calculate human exposure to the released substances and how this can affect health. In addition, RIVM studied the information available in the scientific
- Published
- 2016
11. Blootstelling aan residuen en contaminanten via de voeding cases: 1. butyl benzyl phtalaten (BBP) 2. ochratoxine A
- Author
-
van Dooren-Flipsen, M.M.H., Noordam, M.Y., van Klaveren, J.D., van Dooren-Flipsen, M.M.H., Noordam, M.Y., and van Klaveren, J.D.
- Published
- 1999
12. Toxicological investigation of diethylphthalate in rats
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 200, 600, 2000, 6000 and 20000 mg diethylphthalate (DEP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effects have been observed on the liver and body weights. PCO and LAH showed no effects up to 2000 and 600 mg DEP/kg diet, respectively. ECH was more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg/kg diet. Cat was the most sensitive parameter with an effect in all dose groups. Although CAT turned out the most sensitive parameter, this enzyme was not considered in the establishment of an overall no-observed-effect-level for peroxisome proliferation since it is not specific for peroxisome proliferation. The second most sensitive parameter was the ECH activity. Therefore an overall no-observed-effect-level for peroxisome proliferation of 200 mg DEP/kg diet was established corresponding to 19 mg DEP/kg b.w./day.
- Published
- 1993
13. Toxicological investigation of diethylphthalate in rats
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 200, 600, 2000, 6000 and 20000 mg diethylphthalate (DEP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effects have been observed on the liver and body weights. PCO and LAH showed no effects up to 2000 and 600 mg DEP/kg diet, respectively. ECH was more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg/kg diet. Cat was the most sensitive parameter with an effect in all dose groups. Although CAT turned out the most sensitive parameter, this enzyme was not considered in the establishment of an overall no-observed-effect-level for peroxisome proliferation since it is not specific for peroxisome proliferation. The second most sensitive parameter was the ECH activity. Therefore an overall no-observed-effect-level for peroxisome proliferation of 200 mg DEP/kg diet was established corresponding to 19 mg DEP/kg b.w./day.
- Published
- 1993
14. Toxicological investigation of diethylphthalate in rats
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 200, 600, 2000, 6000 and 20000 mg diethylphthalate (DEP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effects have been observed on the liver and body weights. PCO and LAH showed no effects up to 2000 and 600 mg DEP/kg diet, respectively. ECH was more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg/kg diet. Cat was the most sensitive parameter with an effect in all dose groups. Although CAT turned out the most sensitive parameter, this enzyme was not considered in the establishment of an overall no-observed-effect-level for peroxisome proliferation since it is not specific for peroxisome proliferation. The second most sensitive parameter was the ECH activity. Therefore an overall no-observed-effect-level for peroxisome proliferation of 200 mg DEP/kg diet was established corresponding to 19 mg DEP/kg b.w./day.
- Published
- 1993
15. Toxicological investigation of diethylphthalate in rats
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 200, 600, 2000, 6000 and 20000 mg diethylphthalate (DEP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effects have been observed on the liver and body weights. PCO and LAH showed no effects up to 2000 and 600 mg DEP/kg diet, respectively. ECH was more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg/kg diet. Cat was the most sensitive parameter with an effect in all dose groups. Although CAT turned out the most sensitive parameter, this enzyme was not considered in the establishment of an overall no-observed-effect-level for peroxisome proliferation since it is not specific for peroxisome proliferation. The second most sensitive parameter was the ECH activity. Therefore an overall no-observed-effect-level for peroxisome proliferation of 200 mg DEP/kg diet was established corresponding to 19 mg DEP/kg b.w./day.
- Published
- 1993
16. Het monitoren van blootstelling aan weekmakers van de Nederlandse bevolking. Een haalbaarheidsstudie
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM and Jansen EHJM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Based on data from literature, an evaluation was made wether it is possible to monitore the exposure of weakeners to the general Dutch population as urinary metabolites. The exposure, which mainly occurred by food, could only be estimated with data from foreign countries and by a number of assumptions. Based on existing qualitative and partially estimated data, only DEHP and DEHA are suitable for monitoring from analytical standpoint. From toxicological point of view, only DEHA is possibly interesting for monitoring, because the exposure closely approaches the tolerable daily intake.
- Published
- 1992
17. Toxicological investigation of di(isodecyl)phthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(isodecyl)phthalate (DIDP)kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates which are related with peroxisome proliferation. No effects have been observed on liver and body weight. CAT appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 60 mg DIDP/kg diet, corresponding with 5.6 mg DIDP/kg b.w./day. The other enzyme parameters PCO, ECH and LAH showed no effect at 200 mg DIDP/kg diet, corresponding with 18.4 mg/kg b.w/day. Since CAT is considered to be not specific for peroxisome proliferation this latter value has been established as overall no-observed-effect-level.
- Published
- 1992
18. Toxicological investigation of benzylbutylphthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 200, 600, 2000, 6000 and 20000 mg benzylbutylphthalate (BBP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH)) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effect has been observed on the liver weight. The body weight showed a significant decrease as the highest dose level. PCO and CAT showed no effect up to 600 mg BBP/kg diet. LAH was more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg BBP/kg diet, corresponding with 19.1 mg BBP/kg b.w./day. ECH appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with an effect in all dose levels used. Therefore, no overall no-observed effect level can be defined in this experiment.
- Published
- 1992
19. Het monitoren van blootstelling aan weekmakers van de Nederlandse bevolking. Een haalbaarheidsstudie
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM and Jansen EHJM
- Abstract
Based on data from literature, an evaluation was made wether it is possible to monitore the exposure of weakeners to the general Dutch population as urinary metabolites. The exposure, which mainly occurred by food, could only be estimated with data from foreign countries and by a number of assumptions. Based on existing qualitative and partially estimated data, only DEHP and DEHA are suitable for monitoring from analytical standpoint. From toxicological point of view, only DEHA is possibly interesting for monitoring, because the exposure closely approaches the tolerable daily intake.
- Published
- 1992
20. Toxicological investigation of di(isodecyl)phthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(isodecyl)phthalate (DIDP)kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates which are related with peroxisome proliferation. No effects have been observed on liver and body weight. CAT appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 60 mg DIDP/kg diet, corresponding with 5.6 mg DIDP/kg b.w./day. The other enzyme parameters PCO, ECH and LAH showed no effect at 200 mg DIDP/kg diet, corresponding with 18.4 mg/kg b.w/day. Since CAT is considered to be not specific for peroxisome proliferation this latter value has been established as overall no-observed-effect-level.
- Published
- 1992
21. Toxicological investigation of di(isononyl]phthalate in rats
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0,20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(isononyl)phthalate (DINP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH)) have been determined in liver homogenates which are related with peroxisome proliferation. No effects have been observed on both liver and body weight. PCO, CAT and LAH, showed no effect at 200 mg DINP/kg diet, corresponding with 18.2 mg/kg b.w./day. ECH appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect of 60 mg DINP/kg diet, corresponding to 5.7 mg DINP/kg b.w./day. This value of 60 mg/kg diet has been defined as overall no-observed-effect-level for DINP in this experiment.
- Published
- 1992
22. Derivatisering en HPLC analyse van laurinezuur-metabolieten in leverhomogenaten van ratten
- Author
-
de Fluiter P, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and Jansen EHJM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:A derivatization procedure is described for the long chain fatty acid, lauric acid and metabolites using a fluorescent probe 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin. The derivatives can be separated and detected in an isocratic high performance liquid chromatografic system using a fluorescence detector. The derivatization is rapid, simple and gives a good quantification by the use of an internal standard. The procedure has been applied on samples from a toxicity experiment with the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). The activity of cytochrome P-450 IVA1 or lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) in liver homogenates can be determined by the quantification of the 11- and 12-hydroxylated metabolites of lauric acid. The method turned out to be very sensitive and suitable to replace similar assays using radioactive compounds.
- Published
- 1992
23. Toxicological investigation of benzylbutylphthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 200, 600, 2000, 6000 and 20000 mg benzylbutylphthalate (BBP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH)) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effect has been observed on the liver weight. The body weight showed a significant decrease as the highest dose level. PCO and CAT showed no effect up to 600 mg BBP/kg diet. LAH was more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg BBP/kg diet, corresponding with 19.1 mg BBP/kg b.w./day. ECH appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with an effect in all dose levels used. Therefore, no overall no-observed effect level can be defined in this experiment.
- Published
- 1992
24. Toxicological investigation of di(cyclohexyl)phthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(cyclohexyl)phthalate (DCHP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzym parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effects have been observed on the liver and body weights. CAT showed no effect up to 600 mg DCHP/kg diet. PCO and LAH were more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg DCHP/kg diet. ECH, an enzyme involved in the beta-oxidation, appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect of 60 mg DCHP/kg diet. Therefore an overall no-observed-effect-level of 60 mg DCHP/kg diet was defined corresponding to 5.8 mg DCHP/kg b.w./day.
- Published
- 1992
25. Het monitoren van blootstelling aan weekmakers van de Nederlandse bevolking. Een haalbaarheidsstudie
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM and Jansen EHJM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Based on data from literature, an evaluation was made wether it is possible to monitore the exposure of weakeners to the general Dutch population as urinary metabolites. The exposure, which mainly occurred by food, could only be estimated with data from foreign countries and by a number of assumptions. Based on existing qualitative and partially estimated data, only DEHP and DEHA are suitable for monitoring from analytical standpoint. From toxicological point of view, only DEHA is possibly interesting for monitoring, because the exposure closely approaches the tolerable daily intake.
- Published
- 1992
26. Toxicological investigation of di(isodecyl)phthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(isodecyl)phthalate (DIDP)kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates which are related with peroxisome proliferation. No effects have been observed on liver and body weight. CAT appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 60 mg DIDP/kg diet, corresponding with 5.6 mg DIDP/kg b.w./day. The other enzyme parameters PCO, ECH and LAH showed no effect at 200 mg DIDP/kg diet, corresponding with 18.4 mg/kg b.w/day. Since CAT is considered to be not specific for peroxisome proliferation this latter value has been established as overall no-observed-effect-level.
- Published
- 1992
27. Toxicological investigation of di(isononyl]phthalate in rats
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0,20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(isononyl)phthalate (DINP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH)) have been determined in liver homogenates which are related with peroxisome proliferation. No effects have been observed on both liver and body weight. PCO, CAT and LAH, showed no effect at 200 mg DINP/kg diet, corresponding with 18.2 mg/kg b.w./day. ECH appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect of 60 mg DINP/kg diet, corresponding to 5.7 mg DINP/kg b.w./day. This value of 60 mg/kg diet has been defined as overall no-observed-effect-level for DINP in this experiment.
- Published
- 1992
28. Derivatisering en HPLC analyse van laurinezuur-metabolieten in leverhomogenaten van ratten
- Author
-
de Fluiter P, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and Jansen EHJM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:A derivatization procedure is described for the long chain fatty acid, lauric acid and metabolites using a fluorescent probe 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin. The derivatives can be separated and detected in an isocratic high performance liquid chromatografic system using a fluorescence detector. The derivatization is rapid, simple and gives a good quantification by the use of an internal standard. The procedure has been applied on samples from a toxicity experiment with the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). The activity of cytochrome P-450 IVA1 or lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) in liver homogenates can be determined by the quantification of the 11- and 12-hydroxylated metabolites of lauric acid. The method turned out to be very sensitive and suitable to replace similar assays using radioactive compounds.
- Published
- 1992
29. Toxicological investigation of benzylbutylphthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 200, 600, 2000, 6000 and 20000 mg benzylbutylphthalate (BBP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH)) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effect has been observed on the liver weight. The body weight showed a significant decrease as the highest dose level. PCO and CAT showed no effect up to 600 mg BBP/kg diet. LAH was more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg BBP/kg diet, corresponding with 19.1 mg BBP/kg b.w./day. ECH appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with an effect in all dose levels used. Therefore, no overall no-observed effect level can be defined in this experiment.
- Published
- 1992
30. Toxicological investigation of di(cyclohexyl)phthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(cyclohexyl)phthalate (DCHP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzym parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effects have been observed on the liver and body weights. CAT showed no effect up to 600 mg DCHP/kg diet. PCO and LAH were more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg DCHP/kg diet. ECH, an enzyme involved in the beta-oxidation, appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect of 60 mg DCHP/kg diet. Therefore an overall no-observed-effect-level of 60 mg DCHP/kg diet was defined corresponding to 5.8 mg DCHP/kg b.w./day.
- Published
- 1992
31. Het monitoren van blootstelling aan weekmakers van de Nederlandse bevolking. Een haalbaarheidsstudie
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM and Jansen EHJM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Based on data from literature, an evaluation was made wether it is possible to monitore the exposure of weakeners to the general Dutch population as urinary metabolites. The exposure, which mainly occurred by food, could only be estimated with data from foreign countries and by a number of assumptions. Based on existing qualitative and partially estimated data, only DEHP and DEHA are suitable for monitoring from analytical standpoint. From toxicological point of view, only DEHA is possibly interesting for monitoring, because the exposure closely approaches the tolerable daily intake.
- Published
- 1992
32. Toxicological investigation of di(isodecyl)phthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(isodecyl)phthalate (DIDP)kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates which are related with peroxisome proliferation. No effects have been observed on liver and body weight. CAT appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 60 mg DIDP/kg diet, corresponding with 5.6 mg DIDP/kg b.w./day. The other enzyme parameters PCO, ECH and LAH showed no effect at 200 mg DIDP/kg diet, corresponding with 18.4 mg/kg b.w/day. Since CAT is considered to be not specific for peroxisome proliferation this latter value has been established as overall no-observed-effect-level.
- Published
- 1992
33. Derivatisering en HPLC analyse van laurinezuur-metabolieten in leverhomogenaten van ratten
- Author
-
de Fluiter P, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and Jansen EHJM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:A derivatization procedure is described for the long chain fatty acid, lauric acid and metabolites using a fluorescent probe 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin. The derivatives can be separated and detected in an isocratic high performance liquid chromatografic system using a fluorescence detector. The derivatization is rapid, simple and gives a good quantification by the use of an internal standard. The procedure has been applied on samples from a toxicity experiment with the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). The activity of cytochrome P-450 IVA1 or lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) in liver homogenates can be determined by the quantification of the 11- and 12-hydroxylated metabolites of lauric acid. The method turned out to be very sensitive and suitable to replace similar assays using radioactive compounds.
- Published
- 1992
34. Toxicological investigation of di(isononyl]phthalate in rats
- Author
-
Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, Jansen EHJM, van den Ham WA, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0,20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(isononyl)phthalate (DINP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH)) have been determined in liver homogenates which are related with peroxisome proliferation. No effects have been observed on both liver and body weight. PCO, CAT and LAH, showed no effect at 200 mg DINP/kg diet, corresponding with 18.2 mg/kg b.w./day. ECH appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect of 60 mg DINP/kg diet, corresponding to 5.7 mg DINP/kg b.w./day. This value of 60 mg/kg diet has been defined as overall no-observed-effect-level for DINP in this experiment.
- Published
- 1992
35. Toxicological investigation of di(cyclohexyl)phthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 20, 60, 200, 600 and 2000 mg di(cyclohexyl)phthalate (DCHP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzym parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effects have been observed on the liver and body weights. CAT showed no effect up to 600 mg DCHP/kg diet. PCO and LAH were more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg DCHP/kg diet. ECH, an enzyme involved in the beta-oxidation, appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with a dose-without-effect of 60 mg DCHP/kg diet. Therefore an overall no-observed-effect-level of 60 mg DCHP/kg diet was defined corresponding to 5.8 mg DCHP/kg b.w./day.
- Published
- 1992
36. Toxicological investigation of benzylbutylphthalate in rats
- Author
-
van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, van Leeuwen FXR, van den Ham WA, Jansen EHJM, de Fluiter P, and van Leeuwen FXR
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In a study in which male rats have been exposed to 0, 200, 600, 2000, 6000 and 20000 mg benzylbutylphthalate (BBP)/kg diet for 2 weeks, body weight and liver weight and a number of enzyme parameters which are related with peroxisome proliferation (palmitoyl coenzyme-A oxidase (PCO), enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (ECH), carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) and lauric acid hydroxylase (LAH)) have been determined in liver homogenates. No effect has been observed on the liver weight. The body weight showed a significant decrease as the highest dose level. PCO and CAT showed no effect up to 600 mg BBP/kg diet. LAH was more sensitive with a dose-without-effect (DWE) of 200 mg BBP/kg diet, corresponding with 19.1 mg BBP/kg b.w./day. ECH appeared to be the most sensitive parameter with an effect in all dose levels used. Therefore, no overall no-observed effect level can be defined in this experiment.
- Published
- 1992
37. Update of the exploratory report phthalates
- Author
-
Peijnenburg WJGM, van Ewijk M, de Haan MWA, Janus JA, Ros JPM, Slooff W, van der Velde EG, Peijnenburg WJGM, van Ewijk M, de Haan MWA, Janus JA, Ros JPM, Slooff W, and van der Velde EG
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:This report contains general information on phthalate esters concerning the existing standards, emissions, exposure levels, environmental fate, available methods of analysis and effect levels. The report is an update of the exploratory report phthalates, that served as a basis for the discussion during the exploratory meeting, which was held in November 1990 and was aimed at determining the contents of the integrated criteria document Pththalates. In spite of the large quantities of phthalates produced and finally ending in landfills, data on emissions, occurrence and effects are not available or insufficient. The present information does not allow an adequate risk assessment but indicates that the threat however, in the vicinity of point sources, the exposure concentrations to a limited extend may exceed the maximum acceptable risk levels. It is recommended to fill in some gaps (emission, toxicity and exposure data) before drawing the integrated criteria document on this group of compounds.
- Published
- 1991
38. Update of the exploratory report phthalates
- Author
-
Peijnenburg WJGM, van Ewijk M, de Haan MWA, Janus JA, Ros JPM, Slooff W, van der Velde EG, Peijnenburg WJGM, van Ewijk M, de Haan MWA, Janus JA, Ros JPM, Slooff W, and van der Velde EG
- Abstract
This report contains general information on phthalate esters concerning the existing standards, emissions, exposure levels, environmental fate, available methods of analysis and effect levels. The report is an update of the exploratory report phthalates, that served as a basis for the discussion during the exploratory meeting, which was held in November 1990 and was aimed at determining the contents of the integrated criteria document Pththalates. In spite of the large quantities of phthalates produced and finally ending in landfills, data on emissions, occurrence and effects are not available or insufficient. The present information does not allow an adequate risk assessment but indicates that the threat however, in the vicinity of point sources, the exposure concentrations to a limited extend may exceed the maximum acceptable risk levels. It is recommended to fill in some gaps (emission, toxicity and exposure data) before drawing the integrated criteria document on this group of compounds.
- Published
- 1991
39. Update of the exploratory report phthalates
- Author
-
Peijnenburg WJGM, van Ewijk M, de Haan MWA, Janus JA, Ros JPM, Slooff W, van der Velde EG, Peijnenburg WJGM, van Ewijk M, de Haan MWA, Janus JA, Ros JPM, Slooff W, and van der Velde EG
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:This report contains general information on phthalate esters concerning the existing standards, emissions, exposure levels, environmental fate, available methods of analysis and effect levels. The report is an update of the exploratory report phthalates, that served as a basis for the discussion during the exploratory meeting, which was held in November 1990 and was aimed at determining the contents of the integrated criteria document Pththalates. In spite of the large quantities of phthalates produced and finally ending in landfills, data on emissions, occurrence and effects are not available or insufficient. The present information does not allow an adequate risk assessment but indicates that the threat however, in the vicinity of point sources, the exposure concentrations to a limited extend may exceed the maximum acceptable risk levels. It is recommended to fill in some gaps (emission, toxicity and exposure data) before drawing the integrated criteria document on this group of compounds.
- Published
- 1991
40. Update of the exploratory report phthalates
- Author
-
Peijnenburg WJGM, van Ewijk M, de Haan MWA, Janus JA, Ros JPM, Slooff W, van der Velde EG, Peijnenburg WJGM, van Ewijk M, de Haan MWA, Janus JA, Ros JPM, Slooff W, and van der Velde EG
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:This report contains general information on phthalate esters concerning the existing standards, emissions, exposure levels, environmental fate, available methods of analysis and effect levels. The report is an update of the exploratory report phthalates, that served as a basis for the discussion during the exploratory meeting, which was held in November 1990 and was aimed at determining the contents of the integrated criteria document Pththalates. In spite of the large quantities of phthalates produced and finally ending in landfills, data on emissions, occurrence and effects are not available or insufficient. The present information does not allow an adequate risk assessment but indicates that the threat however, in the vicinity of point sources, the exposure concentrations to a limited extend may exceed the maximum acceptable risk levels. It is recommended to fill in some gaps (emission, toxicity and exposure data) before drawing the integrated criteria document on this group of compounds.
- Published
- 1991
41. Exploratory Report Phthalates
- Author
-
Slooff W, Janus JA, Koning CJM, Peijnenburg WJGM, Ros JPM, Slooff W, Janus JA, Koning CJM, Peijnenburg WJGM, and Ros JPM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:This report contains general information on phthalate esters concerning the existing standards, emissions, exposure levels and effect levels. It serves as a basis for the discussion during the exploratory meeting to be held in Summer 1990, aimed at determining the contents of the integrated criteria document Phthalates. In spite of the large quantities of phthalates produced and finally ending in landfills, data on emissions, occurrence and effects are not available or insufficient. The present information does not allow an adequate risk assessment but indicates that the threat phthalates pose to man and ecosystems is limited in general. Locally, however, in the vicinity of point sources, the exposure concentrations may exceed the maximum acceptable risk levels. It is proposed to fill in some gaps (emission and exposure data) before drawing the integrated criteria document on this group of compounds.
- Published
- 1990
42. Exploratory Report Phthalates
- Author
-
Slooff W, Janus JA, Koning CJM, Peijnenburg WJGM, Ros JPM, Slooff W, Janus JA, Koning CJM, Peijnenburg WJGM, and Ros JPM
- Abstract
This report contains general information on phthalate esters concerning the existing standards, emissions, exposure levels and effect levels. It serves as a basis for the discussion during the exploratory meeting to be held in Summer 1990, aimed at determining the contents of the integrated criteria document Phthalates. In spite of the large quantities of phthalates produced and finally ending in landfills, data on emissions, occurrence and effects are not available or insufficient. The present information does not allow an adequate risk assessment but indicates that the threat phthalates pose to man and ecosystems is limited in general. Locally, however, in the vicinity of point sources, the exposure concentrations may exceed the maximum acceptable risk levels. It is proposed to fill in some gaps (emission and exposure data) before drawing the integrated criteria document on this group of compounds.
- Published
- 1990
43. Exploratory Report Phthalates
- Author
-
Slooff W, Janus JA, Koning CJM, Peijnenburg WJGM, Ros JPM, Slooff W, Janus JA, Koning CJM, Peijnenburg WJGM, and Ros JPM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:This report contains general information on phthalate esters concerning the existing standards, emissions, exposure levels and effect levels. It serves as a basis for the discussion during the exploratory meeting to be held in Summer 1990, aimed at determining the contents of the integrated criteria document Phthalates. In spite of the large quantities of phthalates produced and finally ending in landfills, data on emissions, occurrence and effects are not available or insufficient. The present information does not allow an adequate risk assessment but indicates that the threat phthalates pose to man and ecosystems is limited in general. Locally, however, in the vicinity of point sources, the exposure concentrations may exceed the maximum acceptable risk levels. It is proposed to fill in some gaps (emission and exposure data) before drawing the integrated criteria document on this group of compounds.
- Published
- 1990
44. Exploratory Report Phthalates
- Author
-
Slooff W, Janus JA, Koning CJM, Peijnenburg WJGM, Ros JPM, Slooff W, Janus JA, Koning CJM, Peijnenburg WJGM, and Ros JPM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:This report contains general information on phthalate esters concerning the existing standards, emissions, exposure levels and effect levels. It serves as a basis for the discussion during the exploratory meeting to be held in Summer 1990, aimed at determining the contents of the integrated criteria document Phthalates. In spite of the large quantities of phthalates produced and finally ending in landfills, data on emissions, occurrence and effects are not available or insufficient. The present information does not allow an adequate risk assessment but indicates that the threat phthalates pose to man and ecosystems is limited in general. Locally, however, in the vicinity of point sources, the exposure concentrations may exceed the maximum acceptable risk levels. It is proposed to fill in some gaps (emission and exposure data) before drawing the integrated criteria document on this group of compounds.
- Published
- 1990
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.