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In this article, there are complex geomorfic profiles which include different geomorphological indices that are located in the zone north of Chilpancingo City, Guerrero-Mexico, in the limits of the Huacapa and Huajapa Rivers sub basins. The creation of the indices, a morphologic study was done. (The hypsometric, slopes, order of drainage, dissection density, and dissection depth, tuned to geological characterization), which werecontracted into two types of profiles: longitudinal and transverse within order to recognize spatial relationships and differentiations at the basin level. Results indicated that the dissection density ranges from medium to low the longitudinal profile and in the transverse one, it presents a value from low to very low; in the density of depth of dissection, mean values are presented in both profiles. The geological formation that corresponds to the neogene tertiary. According to the interpretation of the geomorphological profiles, it is concluded that the area shows a zone of lowering or leveling of the relief due to the action of exogenous agents. In addition, at the point of interception of both profiles, there is a positive regional tectonic movement, concluding that the area is in a transition phase between the young relief and an already modeled older one., En este artículo se presentan perfiles geomorfológicos complejos que incluyen diferentes índices geomorfológicos, los cuales se localizan en la zona norte de la Ciudad de Chilpancingo, Guerrero-México, en los límites de las subcuencas del río Huacapa y río Huajapa. Para la creación de los índices se generó un estudio morfométrico (hipsométrico, pendientes, orden de drenaje, densidad de disección, y profundidad de disección, aunado a la caracterización geológica), los cuales fueron contrastados en dos tipos de perfiles: longitudinales y transversales con el fin de reconocer relaciones y diferenciaciones espaciales a nivel cuenca. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la densidad de disección va de mediana a baja en el perfil longitudinal y en el transversal presenta un valor de bajo a muy bajo; en la densidad de profundidad de disección se presentan valores medios en ambos perfiles. La formación geológica corresponde al terciario neógeno. De acuerdo con la interpretación de los perfiles geomorfológicos se concluye que en la zona se presenta una zona de rebajamiento o nivelación del relieve por la acción de los agentes exógenos. Aunado a esto en el punto de intercepción de ambos perfiles muestra un movimiento tectónico regional positivo, concluyendo así que la zona se encuentra en una fase de transición entre el relieve joven a uno más antiguo ya modelado.

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the traditional gastronomy of Santa María Texcalac, Tlaxcala, and its food sovereignty (FS) and to investigate the reasons why this gastronomy has been totally or partially forgotten and how it affects its food sovereignty. The methodology used for this work is eminently qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted both with key characters of the locality and the selected study units, defined as women over 65 years of age from the locality. The snowball technique was used for the interviews. The results obtained present us with a list of the main stews of different kinds that have been totally or partially forgotten and clearly show us that the rescue of this gastronomy is not possible due to several endogenous and exogenous factors, mainly the change in economic activity in the locality, the change of land use, the disappearance of crops, plants, fruits, animals and insects, among others, that were part of its gastronomy, as well as utensils and ways of preparation, the lack of interest of the population itself, the influence of the cities near the locality, all this also puts at risk the rescue of true food sovereignty., O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre a gastronomia tradicional de Santa María Texcalac, Tlaxcala, e sua soberania alimentar (FS), e investigar as razões pelas quais esta gastronomia foi total ou parcialmente esquecida e como ela afeta a soberania alimentar. A metodologia utilizada para este trabalho é eminentemente qualitativa; foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com figuras-chave da localidade, bem como com as unidades de estudo selecionadas, definidas como mulheres com mais de 65 anos de idade da localidade. A técnica da bola de neve foi utilizada para as entrevistas. Os resultados obtidos nos apresentam uma lista dos principais guisados de diferentes tipos que foram total ou parcialmente esquecidos e nos mostram claramente que o resgate desta gastronomia não é possível devido a vários fatores endógenos e exógenos, principalmente a mudança da atividade econômica na localidade, a mudança do uso da terra, o desaparecimento de cultivos, plantas, frutas, animais e insetos, entre outros, que faziam parte de sua gastronomia, assim como utensílios e formas de preparação, o desinteresse da própria população, a influência das cidades próximas à localidade, tudo isso também coloca em risco a recuperação de uma verdadeira soberania alimentar., El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación que guarda la gastronomía tradicional de Santa María Texcalac, Tlaxcala con su soberanía alimentaria (SA) e indagar las causas por las que esta gastronomía ha sido olvidada total o parcialmente y cómo afecta a su soberanía alimentaria. La metodología empleada para este trabajo es eminentemente cualitativa, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad tanto a personajes clave de la localidad como a las unidades de estudio seleccionadas, definidas éstas, como mujeres mayores de 65 años originarias de la localidad. Para su realización se aplicó la técnica bola de nieve. Los resultados obtenidos nos presenta una lista de los principales guisos de distinta índole que han sido olvidados total o parcialmente y nos muestran claramente que el rescate de esta gastronomía no es posible por diversos factores tanto endógenos como exógenos, principalmente el cambio de actividad económica de la localidad, el cambio de uso de suelo, la desaparición de cultivos, plantas, frutas, animales e insectos entre otros, que formaban parte de su gastronomía, así como utensilios y modos de preparación, la falta de interés de la propia población, la influencia de las ciudades próximas a la localidad, todo ello pone en riesgo también el recate de una verdadera soberanía alimentaria.

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the traditional gastronomy of Santa María Texcalac, Tlaxcala, and its food sovereignty (FS) and to investigate the reasons why this gastronomy has been totally or partially forgotten and how it affects its food sovereignty. The methodology used for this work is eminently qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted both with key characters of the locality and the selected study units, defined as women over 65 years of age from the locality. The snowball technique was used for the interviews. The results obtained present us with a list of the main stews of different kinds that have been totally or partially forgotten and clearly show us that the rescue of this gastronomy is not possible due to several endogenous and exogenous factors, mainly the change in economic activity in the locality, the change of land use, the disappearance of crops, plants, fruits, animals and insects, among others, that were part of its gastronomy, as well as utensils and ways of preparation, the lack of interest of the population itself, the influence of the cities near the locality, all this also puts at risk the rescue of true food sovereignty., O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre a gastronomia tradicional de Santa María Texcalac, Tlaxcala, e sua soberania alimentar (FS), e investigar as razões pelas quais esta gastronomia foi total ou parcialmente esquecida e como ela afeta a soberania alimentar. A metodologia utilizada para este trabalho é eminentemente qualitativa; foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com figuras-chave da localidade, bem como com as unidades de estudo selecionadas, definidas como mulheres com mais de 65 anos de idade da localidade. A técnica da bola de neve foi utilizada para as entrevistas. Os resultados obtidos nos apresentam uma lista dos principais guisados de diferentes tipos que foram total ou parcialmente esquecidos e nos mostram claramente que o resgate desta gastronomia não é possível devido a vários fatores endógenos e exógenos, principalmente a mudança da atividade econômica na localidade, a mudança do uso da terra, o desaparecimento de cultivos, plantas, frutas, animais e insetos, entre outros, que faziam parte de sua gastronomia, assim como utensílios e formas de preparação, o desinteresse da própria população, a influência das cidades próximas à localidade, tudo isso também coloca em risco a recuperação de uma verdadeira soberania alimentar., El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación que guarda la gastronomía tradicional de Santa María Texcalac, Tlaxcala con su soberanía alimentaria (SA) e indagar las causas por las que esta gastronomía ha sido olvidada total o parcialmente y cómo afecta a su soberanía alimentaria. La metodología empleada para este trabajo es eminentemente cualitativa, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad tanto a personajes clave de la localidad como a las unidades de estudio seleccionadas, definidas éstas, como mujeres mayores de 65 años originarias de la localidad. Para su realización se aplicó la técnica bola de nieve. Los resultados obtenidos nos presenta una lista de los principales guisos de distinta índole que han sido olvidados total o parcialmente y nos muestran claramente que el rescate de esta gastronomía no es posible por diversos factores tanto endógenos como exógenos, principalmente el cambio de actividad económica de la localidad, el cambio de uso de suelo, la desaparición de cultivos, plantas, frutas, animales e insectos entre otros, que formaban parte de su gastronomía, así como utensilios y modos de preparación, la falta de interés de la propia población, la influencia de las ciudades próximas a la localidad, todo ello pone en riesgo también el recate de una verdadera soberanía alimentaria.

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the traditional gastronomy of Santa María Texcalac, Tlaxcala, and its food sovereignty (FS) and to investigate the reasons why this gastronomy has been totally or partially forgotten and how it affects its food sovereignty. The methodology used for this work is eminently qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted both with key characters of the locality and the selected study units, defined as women over 65 years of age from the locality. The snowball technique was used for the interviews. The results obtained present us with a list of the main stews of different kinds that have been totally or partially forgotten and clearly show us that the rescue of this gastronomy is not possible due to several endogenous and exogenous factors, mainly the change in economic activity in the locality, the change of land use, the disappearance of crops, plants, fruits, animals and insects, among others, that were part of its gastronomy, as well as utensils and ways of preparation, the lack of interest of the population itself, the influence of the cities near the locality, all this also puts at risk the rescue of true food sovereignty., O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre a gastronomia tradicional de Santa María Texcalac, Tlaxcala, e sua soberania alimentar (FS), e investigar as razões pelas quais esta gastronomia foi total ou parcialmente esquecida e como ela afeta a soberania alimentar. A metodologia utilizada para este trabalho é eminentemente qualitativa; foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com figuras-chave da localidade, bem como com as unidades de estudo selecionadas, definidas como mulheres com mais de 65 anos de idade da localidade. A técnica da bola de neve foi utilizada para as entrevistas. Os resultados obtidos nos apresentam uma lista dos principais guisados de diferentes tipos que foram total ou parcialmente esquecidos e nos mostram claramente que o resgate desta gastronomia não é possível devido a vários fatores endógenos e exógenos, principalmente a mudança da atividade econômica na localidade, a mudança do uso da terra, o desaparecimento de cultivos, plantas, frutas, animais e insetos, entre outros, que faziam parte de sua gastronomia, assim como utensílios e formas de preparação, o desinteresse da própria população, a influência das cidades próximas à localidade, tudo isso também coloca em risco a recuperação de uma verdadeira soberania alimentar., El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación que guarda la gastronomía tradicional de Santa María Texcalac, Tlaxcala con su soberanía alimentaria (SA) e indagar las causas por las que esta gastronomía ha sido olvidada total o parcialmente y cómo afecta a su soberanía alimentaria. La metodología empleada para este trabajo es eminentemente cualitativa, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad tanto a personajes clave de la localidad como a las unidades de estudio seleccionadas, definidas éstas, como mujeres mayores de 65 años originarias de la localidad. Para su realización se aplicó la técnica bola de nieve. Los resultados obtenidos nos presenta una lista de los principales guisos de distinta índole que han sido olvidados total o parcialmente y nos muestran claramente que el rescate de esta gastronomía no es posible por diversos factores tanto endógenos como exógenos, principalmente el cambio de actividad económica de la localidad, el cambio de uso de suelo, la desaparición de cultivos, plantas, frutas, animales e insectos entre otros, que formaban parte de su gastronomía, así como utensilios y modos de preparación, la falta de interés de la propia población, la influencia de las ciudades próximas a la localidad, todo ello pone en riesgo también el recate de una verdadera soberanía alimentaria.

Populus spp. are among the most economically important species worldwide. These trees are used not only for wood and fiber production, but also in the rehabilitation of degraded lands. Since they are clonally propagated, the ability of stem cuttings to form adventitious roots is a critical point for plant establishment and survival in the field, and consequently for the forest industry. Adventitious rooting in different Populus clones has been an agronomic trait targeted in breeding programs for many years, and many factors have been identified that affect this quantitative trait. A huge variation in the rooting capacity has been observed among the species in the Populus genus, and the responses to some of the factors affecting this trait have been shown to be genotype-dependent. This review analyses similarities and differences between results obtained from studies examining the role of internal and external factors affecting rooting of Populus species cuttings. Since rooting is the most important requirement for stand establishment in clonally propagated species, understanding the physiological and genetic mechanisms that promote this trait is essential for successful commercial deployment.

Populus spp. are among the most economically important species worldwide. These trees are used not only for wood and fiber production, but also in the rehabilitation of degraded lands. Since they are clonally propagated, the ability of stem cuttings to form adventitious roots is a critical point for plant establishment and survival in the field, and consequently for the forest industry. Adventitious rooting in different Populus clones has been an agronomic trait targeted in breeding programs for many years, and many factors have been identified that affect this quantitative trait. A huge variation in the rooting capacity has been observed among the species in the Populus genus, and the responses to some of the factors affecting this trait have been shown to be genotype-dependent. This review analyses similarities and differences between results obtained from studies examining the role of internal and external factors affecting rooting of Populus species cuttings. Since rooting is the most important requirement for stand establishment in clonally propagated species, understanding the physiological and genetic mechanisms that promote this trait is essential for successful commercial deployment.

Populus spp. are among the most economically important species worldwide. These trees are used not only for wood and fiber production, but also in the rehabilitation of degraded lands. Since they are clonally propagated, the ability of stem cuttings to form adventitious roots is a critical point for plant establishment and survival in the field, and consequently for the forest industry. Adventitious rooting in different Populus clones has been an agronomic trait targeted in breeding programs for many years, and many factors have been identified that affect this quantitative trait. A huge variation in the rooting capacity has been observed among the species in the Populus genus, and the responses to some of the factors affecting this trait have been shown to be genotype-dependent. This review analyses similarities and differences between results obtained from studies examining the role of internal and external factors affecting rooting of Populus species cuttings. Since rooting is the most important requirement for stand establishment in clonally propagated species, understanding the physiological and genetic mechanisms that promote this trait is essential for successful commercial deployment.

Populus spp. are among the most economically important species worldwide. These trees are used not only for wood and fiber production, but also in the rehabilitation of degraded lands. Since they are clonally propagated, the ability of stem cuttings to form adventitious roots is a critical point for plant establishment and survival in the field, and consequently for the forest industry. Adventitious rooting in different Populus clones has been an agronomic trait targeted in breeding programs for many years, and many factors have been identified that affect this quantitative trait. A huge variation in the rooting capacity has been observed among the species in the Populus genus, and the responses to some of the factors affecting this trait have been shown to be genotype-dependent. This review analyses similarities and differences between results obtained from studies examining the role of internal and external factors affecting rooting of Populus species cuttings. Since rooting is the most important requirement for stand establishment in clonally propagated species, understanding the physiological and genetic mechanisms that promote this trait is essential for successful commercial deployment.

Populus spp. are among the most economically important species worldwide. These trees are used not only for wood and fiber production, but also in the rehabilitation of degraded lands. Since they are clonally propagated, the ability of stem cuttings to form adventitious roots is a critical point for plant establishment and survival in the field, and consequently for the forest industry. Adventitious rooting in different Populus clones has been an agronomic trait targeted in breeding programs for many years, and many factors have been identified that affect this quantitative trait. A huge variation in the rooting capacity has been observed among the species in the Populus genus, and the responses to some of the factors affecting this trait have been shown to be genotype-dependent. This review analyses similarities and differences between results obtained from studies examining the role of internal and external factors affecting rooting of Populus species cuttings. Since rooting is the most important requirement for stand establishment in clonally propagated species, understanding the physiological and genetic mechanisms that promote this trait is essential for successful commercial deployment.

Предприятия малого и среднего предпринимательства являются драйвером экономического развития любой макросистемы, а в условиях смены парадигмы технологического развития именно инновации становятся основным фактором успешного функционирования субъектов малого и среднего бизнеса. Таким образом, проблема анализа инновационного поведения предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса становится актуальнейшей экономической задачей. Целями данного исследования являются анализ инновационного поведения субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства старопромышленного региона, оценка уровня финансирования инновационной деятельности, выявление факторов, определяющих инновационную политику малого и среднего предпринимательства, и предложение возможных мер по стимулированию инновационного развития субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства со стороны государственных и муниципальных органов власти. Исходными данными явились результаты опроса представителей субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства проводился с мая по сентябрь 2019 г. в Российской Федерации на территории одного из старопромышленных регионов РФ - Свердловской области. Было проинтервьюировано 157 руководителей предприятий, относящихся к малому и среднему предпринимательству старопромышленного региона, представляющих различные отрасли экономической деятельности. В ходе исследования использовались следующие методы: углубленные интервью руководителей, экономико-статистический метод исследования и формально-логический системный подход. В результате проведенных исследований автором были выделены характерные черты инновационного поведения малых и средних фирм Свердловской области. Определены причины низкой инновационной активности предприятий, на основе анализа которых автором разработаны рекомендации фирмам малого и среднего бизнеса старопромышленного региона по повышению активности своего инновационного поведения. С целью решения проблемы низкой инновационности малого и среднего бизнеса старопромышленного региона авт, Small and medium-sized enterprises are the drivers of economic development of any macro-system. In the context of technological paradigm shift, successful operation of small and medium-sized enterprises largely depends on innovations. Therefore, it is advisable to examine innovative behaviour of these firms. The study aims to analyse the innovative behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises of an industrial region, assess the funding of innovation activities, and identify factors that determine the innovation policy of small and medium-sized firms. Additionally, the paper suggests how state and municipal authorities can stimulate the innovative development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The initial data were the results of a survey of representatives of small and medium-sized enterprises in a Russian industrial region, which was conducted from May to September 2019 in the Sverdlovsk region. I interviewed 157 small and medium-sized enterprise managers in the Sverdlovsk region from various sectors of economic activity. The applied methods include in-depth interviews with managers, the statistical analysis method, and the logical systematic approach. The conducted research allowed identifying the features of the innovative behaviour of small and medium-sized firms in the Sverdlovsk region. Based on the analysis of the reasons for the low innovation activity of small and medium-sized enterprises, I developed recommendations for its improvement in the Sverdlovsk region. To solve the problem of low innovation activity in an industrial region, it is necessary for state and municipal authorities to stimulate innovative behaviour of small and medium-sized firms. Managers of small and medium-sized enterprises can use the obtained results to increase their activity. State and municipal authorities can apply the findings to develop programmes stimulating innovative behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Los conflictos escolares son percibidos como elementos negativos cuyo abordaje produce desazón y miedo, cuestionando el sentido de la escuela. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio consiste en diagnosticar éstos problemas en los colegios de la ciudad de Machala en Ecuador durante el período académico 2018-2019; el cual se fundamentó en los métodos de observación científica, analítico-sintético, inductivodeductivo, estadístico y triangulación de datos; así como en las técnicas de entrevista en profundidad y encuesta. Los resultados muestran que la vida en los centros escolares se ha convertido en un tema de debate en las últimas décadas, por su parte los cambios realizados en el currículum, la organización y los valores de equidad y ciudadanía han provocado en muchos profesores un sentimiento ambiguo sobre el sentido de la educación. La violencia en diversas manifestaciones y un amplio abanico de conflictos están presentes en el día a día escolar, encontrándose que los conflictos más frecuentes son insultos y violencia física entre pares; así como el incumplimiento de normas establecidas para la convivencia escolar. Se concluye en la necesidad de establecer lineamientos institucionales que les, School conflicts are perceived as negative elements whose approach produces unease and fear, questioning the meaning of school. Therefore, the objective of this study is to diagnose these problems in the schools of the city of Machala in Ecuador during the academic period 2018-2019; which was based on the methods of scientific observation, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, statistical and data triangulation; as well as in-depth interview and survey techniques. The results show that life in schools has become a topic of debate in recent decades, while the changes made in the curriculum, the organization and the values of equity and citizenship have caused an ambiguous feeling in many teachers on the meaning of education. Violence in various manifestations and a wide range of conflicts are present in the school day, finding that the most frequent conflicts are insults and physical violence between peers; as well as the breach of established rules for school coexistence. It concludes on the need to establish institutional guidelines that allow students and presenters, conditions to minimize school conflicts in Ecuador.

Los conflictos escolares son percibidos como elementos negativos cuyo abordaje produce desazón y miedo, cuestionando el sentido de la escuela. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio consiste en diagnosticar éstos problemas en los colegios de la ciudad de Machala en Ecuador durante el período académico 2018-2019; el cual se fundamentó en los métodos de observación científica, analítico-sintético, inductivodeductivo, estadístico y triangulación de datos; así como en las técnicas de entrevista en profundidad y encuesta. Los resultados muestran que la vida en los centros escolares se ha convertido en un tema de debate en las últimas décadas, por su parte los cambios realizados en el currículum, la organización y los valores de equidad y ciudadanía han provocado en muchos profesores un sentimiento ambiguo sobre el sentido de la educación. La violencia en diversas manifestaciones y un amplio abanico de conflictos están presentes en el día a día escolar, encontrándose que los conflictos más frecuentes son insultos y violencia física entre pares; así como el incumplimiento de normas establecidas para la convivencia escolar. Se concluye en la necesidad de establecer lineamientos institucionales que les, School conflicts are perceived as negative elements whose approach produces unease and fear, questioning the meaning of school. Therefore, the objective of this study is to diagnose these problems in the schools of the city of Machala in Ecuador during the academic period 2018-2019; which was based on the methods of scientific observation, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, statistical and data triangulation; as well as in-depth interview and survey techniques. The results show that life in schools has become a topic of debate in recent decades, while the changes made in the curriculum, the organization and the values of equity and citizenship have caused an ambiguous feeling in many teachers on the meaning of education. Violence in various manifestations and a wide range of conflicts are present in the school day, finding that the most frequent conflicts are insults and physical violence between peers; as well as the breach of established rules for school coexistence. It concludes on the need to establish institutional guidelines that allow students and presenters, conditions to minimize school conflicts in Ecuador.

Los conflictos escolares son percibidos como elementos negativos cuyo abordaje produce desazón y miedo, cuestionando el sentido de la escuela. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio consiste en diagnosticar éstos problemas en los colegios de la ciudad de Machala en Ecuador durante el período académico 2018-2019; el cual se fundamentó en los métodos de observación científica, analítico-sintético, inductivodeductivo, estadístico y triangulación de datos; así como en las técnicas de entrevista en profundidad y encuesta. Los resultados muestran que la vida en los centros escolares se ha convertido en un tema de debate en las últimas décadas, por su parte los cambios realizados en el currículum, la organización y los valores de equidad y ciudadanía han provocado en muchos profesores un sentimiento ambiguo sobre el sentido de la educación. La violencia en diversas manifestaciones y un amplio abanico de conflictos están presentes en el día a día escolar, encontrándose que los conflictos más frecuentes son insultos y violencia física entre pares; así como el incumplimiento de normas establecidas para la convivencia escolar. Se concluye en la necesidad de establecer lineamientos institucionales que les, School conflicts are perceived as negative elements whose approach produces unease and fear, questioning the meaning of school. Therefore, the objective of this study is to diagnose these problems in the schools of the city of Machala in Ecuador during the academic period 2018-2019; which was based on the methods of scientific observation, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, statistical and data triangulation; as well as in-depth interview and survey techniques. The results show that life in schools has become a topic of debate in recent decades, while the changes made in the curriculum, the organization and the values of equity and citizenship have caused an ambiguous feeling in many teachers on the meaning of education. Violence in various manifestations and a wide range of conflicts are present in the school day, finding that the most frequent conflicts are insults and physical violence between peers; as well as the breach of established rules for school coexistence. It concludes on the need to establish institutional guidelines that allow students and presenters, conditions to minimize school conflicts in Ecuador.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to reveal the manifestations and factors that generate violence in the "Padre Rasquin" Bolivarian School. Non-participant observations were conducted and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants: 5 teachers, 5 families (parents and representatives) and 5 students. After drawing the findings and their interpretation, it was concluded that although in the school, as a secondary socialization space, a great part of the learning is the result of a teaching designed by the teachers, it is in the families where they are educated in a way More spontaneous and intuitive, although, it is often achieved deep gains given the strong effective bonds between parents and children. The main manifestations of violence are: conflicts, bullying, aggression, indiscipline and vandalism, caused by exogenous and endogenous factors. Faced with the various manifestations of school violence that threaten the possibility of living together in harmony, it is necessary to build spaces for coexistence, where dialogue predominates, a good institutional climate, as well as an excellent relationship family - school., El propósito de este estudio de naturaleza cualitativa fue develar las manifestaciones y los factores que generan violencia en la Escuela Bolivariana “Padre Rasquin”. Se realizaron observaciones no participantes y se aplicaron entrevistas de profundidad a los informantes clave: 5 docentes, 5 familias (padres y representantes) y 5 estudiantes. Luego de plasmar los hallazgos y su interpretación, se concluyó que si bien en la escuela, como espacio de socialización secundaria, una gran parte de los aprendizajes son fruto de una enseñanza diseñada por los docentes, es en las familias donde se educa de una forma más espontánea e intuitiva, aun cuando se suele conseguir profundos logros dado los fuertes vínculos efectivos entre padres e hijos. Las principales manifestaciones de violencia son: conflictos, bullying, agresión, indisciplina y vandalismo, provocado por factores exógenos y endógenos. Frente a las diversas manifestaciones de violencia escolar que amenazan en definitiva la posibilidad de convivir en armonía, es necesario construir espacios para la convivencia, donde predomine el diálogo, un buen clima institucional, además de una excelente relación familia - escuela.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to reveal the manifestations and factors that generate violence in the "Padre Rasquin" Bolivarian School. Non-participant observations were conducted and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants: 5 teachers, 5 families (parents and representatives) and 5 students. After drawing the findings and their interpretation, it was concluded that although in the school, as a secondary socialization space, a great part of the learning is the result of a teaching designed by the teachers, it is in the families where they are educated in a way More spontaneous and intuitive, although, it is often achieved deep gains given the strong effective bonds between parents and children. The main manifestations of violence are: conflicts, bullying, aggression, indiscipline and vandalism, caused by exogenous and endogenous factors. Faced with the various manifestations of school violence that threaten the possibility of living together in harmony, it is necessary to build spaces for coexistence, where dialogue predominates, a good institutional climate, as well as an excellent relationship family - school., El propósito de este estudio de naturaleza cualitativa fue develar las manifestaciones y los factores que generan violencia en la Escuela Bolivariana “Padre Rasquin”. Se realizaron observaciones no participantes y se aplicaron entrevistas de profundidad a los informantes clave: 5 docentes, 5 familias (padres y representantes) y 5 estudiantes. Luego de plasmar los hallazgos y su interpretación, se concluyó que si bien en la escuela, como espacio de socialización secundaria, una gran parte de los aprendizajes son fruto de una enseñanza diseñada por los docentes, es en las familias donde se educa de una forma más espontánea e intuitiva, aun cuando se suele conseguir profundos logros dado los fuertes vínculos efectivos entre padres e hijos. Las principales manifestaciones de violencia son: conflictos, bullying, agresión, indisciplina y vandalismo, provocado por factores exógenos y endógenos. Frente a las diversas manifestaciones de violencia escolar que amenazan en definitiva la posibilidad de convivir en armonía, es necesario construir espacios para la convivencia, donde predomine el diálogo, un buen clima institucional, además de una excelente relación familia - escuela.

The objective of this investigation is identify the endogenous factors that have influenced the sustainable development of SMEs the subsector contractor attached to the Chamber of Commerce and Industrial town of Lagunillas, Zulia state. The investigation is located in the descriptive level. It was used as a source of data collection the documentary and survey. For information processing was used content analysis across matrices categories The findings reveal that endogenous factors are located in the following categories: (a) economic, (b) financial, (c) technical, (d) human talent, (e) managerial. We conclude that internal factors incidents in the sustainable development of SMEs are located in different areas of operation of enterprises., El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los factores endógenos que han influido en el desarrollo sustentable de las Pymes del subsector contratista adscritas a la Cámara de Comercio e Industrial del municipio Lagunillas del estado Zulia. . La investigación se ubica en el nivel descriptivo. Se utilizó como fuente de recolección de datos la documental y la encuesta. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó el análisis de contenido a través de matrices de categorías. Los hallazgos encontrados revelan que los factores endógenos se ubican en las siguientes categorías: (a) económicos (b) financieros, (c) técnicos, (d) talento humano, (e) gerenciales. Se concluye que los factores internos incidentes en el desarrollo sustentable de las Pymes se ubican en las diferentes áreas de funcionamiento de las empresas.

The objective of this investigation is identify the endogenous factors that have influenced the sustainable development of SMEs the subsector contractor attached to the Chamber of Commerce and Industrial town of Lagunillas, Zulia state. The investigation is located in the descriptive level. It was used as a source of data collection the documentary and survey. For information processing was used content analysis across matrices categories The findings reveal that endogenous factors are located in the following categories: (a) economic, (b) financial, (c) technical, (d) human talent, (e) managerial. We conclude that internal factors incidents in the sustainable development of SMEs are located in different areas of operation of enterprises., El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los factores endógenos que han influido en el desarrollo sustentable de las Pymes del subsector contratista adscritas a la Cámara de Comercio e Industrial del municipio Lagunillas del estado Zulia. . La investigación se ubica en el nivel descriptivo. Se utilizó como fuente de recolección de datos la documental y la encuesta. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó el análisis de contenido a través de matrices de categorías. Los hallazgos encontrados revelan que los factores endógenos se ubican en las siguientes categorías: (a) económicos (b) financieros, (c) técnicos, (d) talento humano, (e) gerenciales. Se concluye que los factores internos incidentes en el desarrollo sustentable de las Pymes se ubican en las diferentes áreas de funcionamiento de las empresas.

The aim of the thesis is to quantitatively study the driving forces and mechanisms for regional growth from an endogenous and exogenous perspective and reveal the most important factors contributing to regional growth, by focusing on three aspects: local labour market, the supply side and the demand side of the labour market. The thesis is designed to use Swedish micro register data to develop spatial models with higher spatial resolution. It was found that endogenous factors are important and probably explain about at least one third of total regional economic growth. Among the endogenous factors, localised demographic composition, labour force and labour market, firms, and business environment have the strongest influence on regional economic growth. The findings from the Swedish context were briefly compared to China’s economic growth in the last fifty years. The thesis consists of three related papers. The first paper studied the endogenous and exogenous factors in 108 Swedish LA regions during the 1990s. By using the SNI92 code, individual longitudinal data and an improved shift-share analysis method, it was found that the endogenous factor is important for regional economic growth because it is able to accelerate, decelerate or reverse the impact from exogenous factors during the period studied. The second paper studied regional growth from the supply side of the labour market by focusing on population redistribution and place attractiveness. A ‘floating grid’ approach was developed to understand the factors shaping place attractiveness. The approach disregards administration zones by focusing on a small spatial unit—vicinity which is one kilometre square. Each unit has a unique set of surrounding zones that are local area and hinterland. By constructing spatial models, the total explained variance in place attractiveness was decomposed into partial explanatory effects that are assigned for physical attraction, demographic, service and labour market factors ov

The aim of the thesis is to quantitatively study the driving forces and mechanisms for regional growth from an endogenous and exogenous perspective and reveal the most important factors contributing to regional growth, by focusing on three aspects: local labour market, the supply side and the demand side of the labour market. The thesis is designed to use Swedish micro register data to develop spatial models with higher spatial resolution. It was found that endogenous factors are important and probably explain about at least one third of total regional economic growth. Among the endogenous factors, localised demographic composition, labour force and labour market, firms, and business environment have the strongest influence on regional economic growth. The findings from the Swedish context were briefly compared to China’s economic growth in the last fifty years. The thesis consists of three related papers. The first paper studied the endogenous and exogenous factors in 108 Swedish LA regions during the 1990s. By using the SNI92 code, individual longitudinal data and an improved shift-share analysis method, it was found that the endogenous factor is important for regional economic growth because it is able to accelerate, decelerate or reverse the impact from exogenous factors during the period studied. The second paper studied regional growth from the supply side of the labour market by focusing on population redistribution and place attractiveness. A ‘floating grid’ approach was developed to understand the factors shaping place attractiveness. The approach disregards administration zones by focusing on a small spatial unit—vicinity which is one kilometre square. Each unit has a unique set of surrounding zones that are local area and hinterland. By constructing spatial models, the total explained variance in place attractiveness was decomposed into partial explanatory effects that are assigned for physical attraction, demographic, service and labour market factors ov

The aim of the thesis is to quantitatively study the driving forces and mechanisms for regional growth from an endogenous and exogenous perspective and reveal the most important factors contributing to regional growth, by focusing on three aspects: local labour market, the supply side and the demand side of the labour market. The thesis is designed to use Swedish micro register data to develop spatial models with higher spatial resolution. It was found that endogenous factors are important and probably explain about at least one third of total regional economic growth. Among the endogenous factors, localised demographic composition, labour force and labour market, firms, and business environment have the strongest influence on regional economic growth. The findings from the Swedish context were briefly compared to China’s economic growth in the last fifty years. The thesis consists of three related papers. The first paper studied the endogenous and exogenous factors in 108 Swedish LA regions during the 1990s. By using the SNI92 code, individual longitudinal data and an improved shift-share analysis method, it was found that the endogenous factor is important for regional economic growth because it is able to accelerate, decelerate or reverse the impact from exogenous factors during the period studied. The second paper studied regional growth from the supply side of the labour market by focusing on population redistribution and place attractiveness. A ‘floating grid’ approach was developed to understand the factors shaping place attractiveness. The approach disregards administration zones by focusing on a small spatial unit—vicinity which is one kilometre square. Each unit has a unique set of surrounding zones that are local area and hinterland. By constructing spatial models, the total explained variance in place attractiveness was decomposed into partial explanatory effects that are assigned for physical attraction, demographic, service and labour market factors ov

The aim of the thesis is to quantitatively study the driving forces and mechanisms for regional growth from an endogenous and exogenous perspective and reveal the most important factors contributing to regional growth, by focusing on three aspects: local labour market, the supply side and the demand side of the labour market. The thesis is designed to use Swedish micro register data to develop spatial models with higher spatial resolution. It was found that endogenous factors are important and probably explain about at least one third of total regional economic growth. Among the endogenous factors, localised demographic composition, labour force and labour market, firms, and business environment have the strongest influence on regional economic growth. The findings from the Swedish context were briefly compared to China’s economic growth in the last fifty years. The thesis consists of three related papers. The first paper studied the endogenous and exogenous factors in 108 Swedish LA regions during the 1990s. By using the SNI92 code, individual longitudinal data and an improved shift-share analysis method, it was found that the endogenous factor is important for regional economic growth because it is able to accelerate, decelerate or reverse the impact from exogenous factors during the period studied. The second paper studied regional growth from the supply side of the labour market by focusing on population redistribution and place attractiveness. A ‘floating grid’ approach was developed to understand the factors shaping place attractiveness. The approach disregards administration zones by focusing on a small spatial unit—vicinity which is one kilometre square. Each unit has a unique set of surrounding zones that are local area and hinterland. By constructing spatial models, the total explained variance in place attractiveness was decomposed into partial explanatory effects that are assigned for physical attraction, demographic, service and labour market factors ov

Cellular markers which identify putative breast epithelial stem cells have been report Attention has focused on the possibility that certain clinical aspects of breast cancer could result from transformed stem cells residing in the malignant tumor. Breast cancer may therefore originate from neoplastic transformation of normal breast epithelial stem cells. These transformed stem cells may exist in the tumor as rare cells with properties which drive multiple aspects of tumorigenesis. The predictions of this model included slower cell cycle progression greater resistance to DNA damage, increased in vitro invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis. The application tested the hypothesis that transformed stem cells drive multiple aspects of breast tumorigenesis by functionally characterizing their biological properties. The hypothesis was tested by sorting of putative breast cancer stem cell populations followed by cell cycle analysis, in vitro and in vivo proliferation. and invasion assays, and sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation induced DNA damage. Putative cancer stem cells generally exhibited slower cell cycle progression, greater resistance to DNA damage, and increased tumor formation. However, the degree of stem-like properties of these cells varied widely depending on the line from which they were isolated.

Dysregulated Wnt signaling is the cause of many human tumors, and induces breast cancer in mice. We have previously found that the initiating response to Wnt signaling is the accumulation of breast somatic stem cells. We propose that tumor development is related to this increase, and sought with this proposal to test whether the stem cells that arise in transgenic mice expressing Wnt effectors are more mutable than usual. This would explain why the preneoplastic glands invariably acquire mutagenic changes and progress to tumor development. In order to test this hypothesis, we cultured mammary clonagens (mammospheres) and proposed to test their mutability with chemical carcinogens. We found that, contrary to our prediction, mammospheres are almost completely absent in cultures of mammary epithelial cells that express Wnt effectors. Similarly, adherent clonagen numbers were reduced by 90%. We anticipated that their number would increase by 10-fold to reflect other results. We are investigating this phenomenon to determine whether this is due to inhibition of clonagen differentiation and expansion by ectopic Wnt signaling. This is likely to enable us to describe better the selective effects of Wnt signaling on mammary stem cells., The original document contains color images.

The study presents the organization of geo-environmental monitoring system decentralized water supply, analyzes the effect of endogenous factors on the results of geo-environmental monitoring of decentralized water supply using geoelectric express control methods