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Green, black, rooibos, and hibiscus tea (GT, BT, RT, and HT) aqueous extracts were prepared and characterized in terms of total flavonoids (TFC) and total phenolic (TPC) contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. BT has the highest, while HT has the lowest TFC (1213 vs. 415 mg l–1), while the extracts’ TPCs (2283 – 7251 mg l–1) decreased in the following order: BT > GT > RT > HT. Their antioxidant activities of 78.1 – 93.1% and 97.8 – 100% were determined according to DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. BT and especially GT aqueous extracts possessed mild effects against several microorganisms. All examined extracts have an affinity for dyeing wool, cellulose acetate, polyamide, and cotton, which is proven by the color strength values of 1.65–19.12. Wool, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polyamide, cotton, and cellulose acetate functionalized with GT aqueous extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, while polyacrylonitrile and cotton also inhibited the growth of E. faecalis, and C. albicans, respectively. Wide inhibition zones for S. aureus were observed for fabrics functionalized with BT aqueous extract. Generally, the investigated fabrics showed very high (81.60 – 100%) ABTS radical scavenging ability independent of the extract used. TPCs have good linear correlations with the antioxidant activities of wool and polyacrylonitrile determined by the DPPH method. Fabrics with different chemical compositions dyed and/or functionalized with GT or BT aqueous extracts can be used to produce high-valueadded medical textiles with therapeutic, prophylactic, and protective functions. They can find potential applications in wound treatment, especially in skin wounds that are susceptible to infection with S. aureus. Moreover, wool and cotton functionalized with GT or BT aqueous extract can also be considered for use in disposable medical textiles like bandages and gauze used in the wound-healing process.

[Resumo]: A firma italiana Termoelettronica ten un conxunto de software para o control de maquinaria de tinturaría de prenda confeccionada. Cada software é específico para una tarefa, e existe un para o pesado de colorante, normalmente sólido (en pó), mediante control de báscula. Dito programa, recibe unha orde de pesado e baseándose nunha base de datos de colorantes e mediante escaneado do código de barras e a medida dunha báscula compatible, permite a pesada dunha fórmula de cor. Unha vez aprobada a pesada, o sistema da luz verde e pode xerar un recibo de confirmación. Cada vez que a pesada é validada, almacénase esa información (colorantes implicados, cantidades, pesador, tempo) para poder continuar co proceso produtivo. Este programa actualmente non funciona nin está integrado na liña de produción de Lavamar S.A., o que na práctica significa que o sistema de pesada é manual sen ningún tipo de control nin auditoría, alén da propia capacidade do pesador para facer ben o traballo. Así pois, o obxectivo deste Traballo Fin de Grao é desenvolver un substituto dese software para integralo nun sistema de produción heteroxéneo, con participación de sistemas da empresa SETEX, a propia Termoelettronica, TregiSistemi, e outros., [Abstract]: The Italian firm Termoelettronica provides a set of software for controlling machinery in the dyeing process of manufactured garments. Each software program is specific to a particular task, and there is one for weighing dye, typically in solid form (powder), using a scale. This program receives a weighing order and, based on a database of dyes, scans the barcode and measures the weight using a compatible scale, enabling the weighing of a color formula. Once the weighing is approved, the system gives a green light and can generate a confirmation receipt. Every time the weighing is validated, the information (dyes involved, quantities, weigher, time) is stored to continue with the production process. Currently, this program does not work, nor is it integrated into the production line of Lavamar S.A.. In practical terms, this means that the weighing system is manual without any control or auditing beyond the weigher’s ability to perform the task correctly. Therefore, the objective of this Degree Project is to develop a reengineered substitute for this software to integrate it into a heterogeneous production system involving systems from companies like SETEX, Termoelettronica, TregiSistemi, and others.

Green, black, rooibos, and hibiscus tea (GT, BT, RT, and HT) aqueous extracts were prepared and characterized in terms of total flavonoids (TFC) and total phenolic (TPC) contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. BT has the highest, while HT has the lowest TFC (1213 vs. 415 mg l–1), while the extracts’ TPCs (2283 – 7251 mg l–1) decreased in the following order: BT > GT > RT > HT. Their antioxidant activities of 78.1 – 93.1% and 97.8 – 100% were determined according to DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. BT and especially GT aqueous extracts possessed mild effects against several microorganisms. All examined extracts have an affinity for dyeing wool, cellulose acetate, polyamide, and cotton, which is proven by the color strength values of 1.65–19.12. Wool, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polyamide, cotton, and cellulose acetate functionalized with GT aqueous extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, while polyacrylonitrile and cotton also inhibited the growth of E. faecalis, and C. albicans, respectively. Wide inhibition zones for S. aureus were observed for fabrics functionalized with BT aqueous extract. Generally, the investigated fabrics showed very high (81.60 – 100%) ABTS radical scavenging ability independent of the extract used. TPCs have good linear correlations with the antioxidant activities of wool and polyacrylonitrile determined by the DPPH method. Fabrics with different chemical compositions dyed and/or functionalized with GT or BT aqueous extracts can be used to produce high-valueadded medical textiles with therapeutic, prophylactic, and protective functions. They can find potential applications in wound treatment, especially in skin wounds that are susceptible to infection with S. aureus. Moreover, wool and cotton functionalized with GT or BT aqueous extract can also be considered for use in disposable medical textiles like bandages and gauze used in the wound-healing process.

Concerns about the environmental impact of the textile industry are increasing, and there is an urgent need to develop and implement sustainable technologies. In particular, the environmental impact of dyeing, which emits a large amount of wastewater and chemicals, is one production process that needs to be resolved. Dyeing using supercritical carbon dioxide is attracting attention as a technology that uses carbon dioxide as a solvent instead of water and eliminates liquid waste from the process. It is a development that allows dyeing to be carried out with less energy and a lower environmental impact. In this study, the experiment was done on the application of this supercritical carbon dioxide technology to the dyeing of natural indigo cotton. The aim of study is contribution to the development of dyeing methods with less environmental impact. Natural indigo has the hydrophobicity and non polar which might be compatible scCO2 dyeing, a sustainable and biodegradable dye, offers eco-friendly advantages and poses no harm to humans. In contrast, synthetic indigo raises concerns about waste generation and environmental persistence. It is suggested that the possibility of natural indigo in renewable raw materials could be used to create eco-experiences not only in the textile industry but also in new areas, such as in coatings, design and biodegradable products. The experimental results showed that dyed cotton fabric using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent but small coloration and polyethylene glycol as a swelling agent improved dyeability, but mathematical describing was still small. Swelling agent can support the dye penetration into cotton fabric for better coloration. Changes in dyeability were also observed by increasing the process parameters. In the future, it is hoped that the technology can be scaled up to the industrial level and contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the dyeing of denim, a product that has a significant impact on the marke

Concerns about the environmental impact of the textile industry are increasing, and there is an urgent need to develop and implement sustainable technologies. In particular, the environmental impact of dyeing, which emits a large amount of wastewater and chemicals, is one production process that needs to be resolved. Dyeing using supercritical carbon dioxide is attracting attention as a technology that uses carbon dioxide as a solvent instead of water and eliminates liquid waste from the process. It is a development that allows dyeing to be carried out with less energy and a lower environmental impact. In this study, the experiment was done on the application of this supercritical carbon dioxide technology to the dyeing of natural indigo cotton. The aim of study is contribution to the development of dyeing methods with less environmental impact. Natural indigo has the hydrophobicity and non polar which might be compatible scCO2 dyeing, a sustainable and biodegradable dye, offers eco-friendly advantages and poses no harm to humans. In contrast, synthetic indigo raises concerns about waste generation and environmental persistence. It is suggested that the possibility of natural indigo in renewable raw materials could be used to create eco-experiences not only in the textile industry but also in new areas, such as in coatings, design and biodegradable products. The experimental results showed that dyed cotton fabric using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent but small coloration and polyethylene glycol as a swelling agent improved dyeability, but mathematical describing was still small. Swelling agent can support the dye penetration into cotton fabric for better coloration. Changes in dyeability were also observed by increasing the process parameters. In the future, it is hoped that the technology can be scaled up to the industrial level and contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the dyeing of denim, a product that has a significant impact on the marke

Recent advances in fibres, fabrics and high-performance manufacturing technologies are the main driver for the emergence of functional textiles. For this reason, this thesis compares the advantages of using scCO2 dyeing technology with conventional dyeing of PET with high and low molecular weight chitosan. After evaluating the surface properties (hydrophilicity and wettability), colour values and antibacterial properties of PET and chitosan functionalised PET using the crosslinking agent BTCA. It is concluded that conventional and scCO2 dyeing are very similar in terms of the surface properties of PET after simultaneous dyeing and functionalisation with chitosan. The conventionally treated samples are more hydrophobic and more intensely dyed than those treated in a scCO2 medium. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the PET samples does not show a clear trend between the different dyeing methods, as the study conditions and bath formulation vary widely

During the industrial processing of almond fruits tons of almond skins are generated. Valorization of blanched almond skin wastes by recovering natural polyphenols using water, instead of organic solvents, for direct application of aqueous baths for dyeing of wool fabrics was studied in this work. The results shown that it was possible to recover polyphenols from almond skins and use them as a dye for wool fibres. Kinetic of extraction was modelled by using diffusion based Chrastil model and Peleg’s empirical model obtaining excellent fit in both cases (R2>0.96). The amount of polyphenol extracted was enough to achieve correct direct dyeing with excellent washing, rubbing and perspiration fastness although the obtained shades are dull. Nevertheless, it was possible to achieve a better coloration by using ion(II) sulphate as mordant resulting in dyeings with reasonable good washing and rubbing fastness, Postprint (author's final draft)

This study reports the successful transformation of mulberry wood waste into natural textile dye and adsorbent for Pb2+ ions from an aqueous solution. Fabrics of different chemical compositions were dyed using mulberry wood extract, whereas wool possessed the best appearance and color fastness to washing. Among differently dyed wool fabrics, those dyed with 15% extract for 5 h has the highest color strength (K/S = 11.24) and antioxidant activity (83.5%), and the best color and antioxidant activity fastness to washing, making it appropriate for protecting the skin from diverse damages by decelerating the effect of free radical. Moreover, it could be suggested that the binding mechanism proceeds via strong hydrogen bonds between wool surface carboxylate groups and characteristic phenolics found in the extract (dominantly taxifolin, oxyresveratrol, ellagic acid, and tannins). The mulberry wood solid parts separated after the extraction were further evaluated as adsorbents for Pb2+ ions. The highest lead removal was achieved at a solution pH of 5.5, while the equilibrium removal was reached after 4 h of contact time. At 20 mg/l initial lead concentration, the mulberry wood waste removal efficiency was 98.8%. The results of this study represent a step forward to a healthier, cleaner, and more sustainable society.

This study reports the successful transformation of mulberry wood waste into natural textile dye and adsorbent for Pb2+ ions from an aqueous solution. Fabrics of different chemical compositions were dyed using mulberry wood extract, whereas wool possessed the best appearance and color fastness to washing. Among differently dyed wool fabrics, those dyed with 15% extract for 5 h has the highest color strength (K/S = 11.24) and antioxidant activity (83.5%), and the best color and antioxidant activity fastness to washing, making it appropriate for protecting the skin from diverse damages by decelerating the effect of free radical. Moreover, it could be suggested that the binding mechanism proceeds via strong hydrogen bonds between wool surface carboxylate groups and characteristic phenolics found in the extract (dominantly taxifolin, oxyresveratrol, ellagic acid, and tannins). The mulberry wood solid parts separated after the extraction were further evaluated as adsorbents for Pb2+ ions. The highest lead removal was achieved at a solution pH of 5.5, while the equilibrium removal was reached after 4 h of contact time. At 20 mg/l initial lead concentration, the mulberry wood waste removal efficiency was 98.8%. The results of this study represent a step forward to a healthier, cleaner, and more sustainable society.

This study reports the successful transformation of mulberry wood waste into natural textile dye and adsorbent for Pb2+ ions from an aqueous solution. Fabrics of different chemical compositions were dyed using mulberry wood extract, whereas wool possessed the best appearance and color fastness to washing. Among differently dyed wool fabrics, those dyed with 15% extract for 5 h has the highest color strength (K/S = 11.24) and antioxidant activity (83.5%), and the best color and antioxidant activity fastness to washing, making it appropriate for protecting the skin from diverse damages by decelerating the effect of free radical. Moreover, it could be suggested that the binding mechanism proceeds via strong hydrogen bonds between wool surface carboxylate groups and characteristic phenolics found in the extract (dominantly taxifolin, oxyresveratrol, ellagic acid, and tannins). The mulberry wood solid parts separated after the extraction were further evaluated as adsorbents for Pb2+ ions. The highest lead removal was achieved at a solution pH of 5.5, while the equilibrium removal was reached after 4 h of contact time. At 20 mg/l initial lead concentration, the mulberry wood waste removal efficiency was 98.8%. The results of this study represent a step forward to a healthier, cleaner, and more sustainable society.

Natural dye are dyes are derived from plants or minerals.in this project we use alternanthera brasiliana plant as natural dye. We used the leaves of this plant to extract the 100% natural dye. This plant which has medical applications, in this project we found out, this plant played a vital role in the field of medical textiles. This dye has the anti- microbial property. Extraction of this dye is used in woven fabric which as medical application.

A mattress protector is a piece of detachable bedding that lies on top of the mattress and encase the mattress to protect it from micro-organisms, water and dirt particles. In the home-textile market, we have many types of mattress protectors, but the water-resistant property is not imparted on the whole. Ordinary mattress protectors cover and avoid penetration of foreign particles such as stains, dust, and insects. For mattress protectors, to impart a water-resistant feature, the chemical base poly coating lamination technique has been adopted. These laminated mattress protectors provide a higher level of comfort with water-resistant property, as well as high-quality yarns provide a good night's sleep and prevents irritation to the skin. This product fabricated with blended yarns to provide extra benefits based on the application.

Diamond Green G (CI 42040, Basic Green 1) is a triarylmethane dye mostly employed in the industrial dyeing of miscellaneous natural and artificial textile fibres, in the production of printing inks and as an anti-fungal agent for aquaculture products. Diamond Green (DG) tends to fade under light irradiation, similar to several other dyes and pigments belonging to the triarylmethane family. In this paper, an in-solution degradation study was carried out to shed light on DG photostability. The experiments were performed by artificially irradiating DG in water and dimethyl sulphoxide, and analysing aliquots sampled at different time intervals by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector quadrupole and time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. The degradation products formed were characterised and the product-ion spectra discussed and interpreted. On the basis of the structure of the identified compounds and their kinetic trend in relation to the accelerated ageing time, degradation mechanisms were proposed for DG, taking into account the role played by the solvent. Finally, the dyeing formulation of an historical textile sample, collected from a stage costume worn in a Zeffirelli lyric opera, was determined utilising the information collected from the analysis of irradiated DG solutions.

A mattress protector is a piece of detachable bedding that lies on top of the mattress and encase the mattress to protect it from micro-organisms, water and dirt particles. In the home-textile market, we have many types of mattress protectors, but the water-resistant property is not imparted on the whole. Ordinary mattress protectors cover and avoid penetration of foreign particles such as stains, dust, and insects. For mattress protectors, to impart a water-resistant feature, the chemical base poly coating lamination technique has been adopted. These laminated mattress protectors provide a higher level of comfort with water-resistant property, as well as high-quality yarns provide a good night's sleep and prevents irritation to the skin. This product fabricated with blended yarns to provide extra benefits based on the application.

Natural dye are dyes are derived from plants or minerals.in this project we use alternanthera brasiliana plant as natural dye. We used the leaves of this plant to extract the 100% natural dye. This plant which has medical applications, in this project we found out, this plant played a vital role in the field of medical textiles. This dye has the anti- microbial property. Extraction of this dye is used in woven fabric which as medical application.

A mattress protector is a piece of detachable bedding that lies on top of the mattress and encase the mattress to protect it from micro-organisms, water and dirt particles. In the home-textile market, we have many types of mattress protectors, but the water-resistant property is not imparted on the whole. Ordinary mattress protectors cover and avoid penetration of foreign particles such as stains, dust, and insects. For mattress protectors, to impart a water-resistant feature, the chemical base poly coating lamination technique has been adopted. These laminated mattress protectors provide a higher level of comfort with water-resistant property, as well as high-quality yarns provide a good night's sleep and prevents irritation to the skin. This product fabricated with blended yarns to provide extra benefits based on the application.

Natural dye are dyes are derived from plants or minerals.in this project we use alternanthera brasiliana plant as natural dye. We used the leaves of this plant to extract the 100% natural dye. This plant which has medical applications, in this project we found out, this plant played a vital role in the field of medical textiles. This dye has the anti- microbial property. Extraction of this dye is used in woven fabric which as medical application.

Natural dye are dyes are derived from plants or minerals.in this project we use alternanthera brasiliana plant as natural dye. We used the leaves of this plant to extract the 100% natural dye. This plant which has medical applications, in this project we found out, this plant played a vital role in the field of medical textiles. This dye has the anti- microbial property. Extraction of this dye is used in woven fabric which as medical application.

A mattress protector is a piece of detachable bedding that lies on top of the mattress and encase the mattress to protect it from micro-organisms, water and dirt particles. In the home-textile market, we have many types of mattress protectors, but the water-resistant property is not imparted on the whole. Ordinary mattress protectors cover and avoid penetration of foreign particles such as stains, dust, and insects. For mattress protectors, to impart a water-resistant feature, the chemical base poly coating lamination technique has been adopted. These laminated mattress protectors provide a higher level of comfort with water-resistant property, as well as high-quality yarns provide a good night's sleep and prevents irritation to the skin. This product fabricated with blended yarns to provide extra benefits based on the application.

The replacement of potentially hazardous synthetic dyes with natural dyes and pigments are of great interest for a sustainable economy. In order to obtain cost-efficient, environmentally friendly and competitive products, improvements in the cultivation and extraction of pigment-producing organisms and in dyeing processes are necessary. In our study, we were able to scale up the production of xylindein by Chlorociboria aeruginascens from 3 to 70 L bioreactor cultivations. We have identified important bioprocess parameters like low shear stress (150 rpm, tip speed <0.5 m/s) for optimal pigment yield (4.8 mg/L/d). Additionally, we have demonstrated the potential of laetiporic acid production by Laetiporus sulphureus in various cultivation systems and media, achieving dried biomass concentrations of almost 10 g/L with a 7 L bioreactor cultivation after 17 days. Extractions performed at 70°C and 15 min incubation time showed optimal results. To the best of our knowledge, we have described for the first time the use of this pigment in silk dyeing, which results in a brilliant hue that cannot easily be produced by other natural pigments. © 2020 The Authors. Engineering in Life Sciences published by Wiley-VCH GmbH

Halochromic (pH-responsive) material was obtained by dyeing functionalized viscose fabric with a crude extract from Streptomyces sp. strain NP4. The functionalization of the fabric before dyeing was performed to make cellulose susceptible to coloration with NP4 extract. Two combined pre-treatment steps were used, oxidation to obtain dialdehyde cellulose and chitosan deposition after oxidation. Chitosan was deposited onto untreated fabric as well, while only oxidized viscose was also investigated for dyeing. Functionalization by both protocols made viscose susceptible to dyeing with the notion that the deposition of chitosan onto oxidized viscose produced the darkest shade on the material. Dyed fabrics showed visual pH responsiveness in the range pH 4-10, with a color change from pink to red (pH 4-pH 7) and a major color change from red to blue (pH 7-pH 10) whereby fabric was tested and could withstand 10 color-changing cycles. Cytotoxicity assay confirmed the non-toxic nature of dyed material, which indicates its possible use as wound dressing's indicators.

We present, thought audiovisual soport, the artitic action made for the autor in the context of their research que trata del tejido con tintes naturales. We know the las paletas de color de distintos teritorios,realiza estancias de formación-experimentación, siendo una de elles la participación en Artic Circle, unaexpedición artística en el territorio internacional de Svalbard (Polo Norte), a bordo de un velero, donde seinvitan a artistas internacionales para realizar sus proyectos, Se presenta, por medio de un audiovisual, la acción artística realizada por la autora en el marco de su investigación que trata del tejido con tintes naturales. Para conocer las paletas de color de distintos teritorios, realiza estancias de formación-experimentación,siendo una de elles la participación en Artic Circle, una expedición artística en el territorio internacional de Svalbard (Polo Norte), a bordo de un velero, donde se invitan a artistas internacionales para realizar sus proyectos.

Halochromic (pH-responsive) material was obtained by dyeing functionalized viscose fabric with a crude extract from Streptomyces sp. strain NP4. The functionalization of the fabric before dyeing was performed to make cellulose susceptible to coloration with NP4 extract. Two combined pre-treatment steps were used, oxidation to obtain dialdehyde cellulose and chitosan deposition after oxidation. Chitosan was deposited onto untreated fabric as well, while only oxidized viscose was also investigated for dyeing. Functionalization by both protocols made viscose susceptible to dyeing with the notion that the deposition of chitosan onto oxidized viscose produced the darkest shade on the material. Dyed fabrics showed visual pH responsiveness in the range pH 4-10, with a color change from pink to red (pH 4-pH 7) and a major color change from red to blue (pH 7-pH 10) whereby fabric was tested and could withstand 10 color-changing cycles. Cytotoxicity assay confirmed the non-toxic nature of dyed material, which indicates its possible use as wound dressing's indicators.

We present, thought audiovisual soport, the artitic action made for the autor in the context of their research que trata del tejido con tintes naturales. We know the las paletas de color de distintos teritorios,realiza estancias de formación-experimentación, siendo una de elles la participación en Artic Circle, unaexpedición artística en el territorio internacional de Svalbard (Polo Norte), a bordo de un velero, donde seinvitan a artistas internacionales para realizar sus proyectos, Se presenta, por medio de un audiovisual, la acción artística realizada por la autora en el marco de su investigación que trata del tejido con tintes naturales. Para conocer las paletas de color de distintos teritorios, realiza estancias de formación-experimentación,siendo una de elles la participación en Artic Circle, una expedición artística en el territorio internacional de Svalbard (Polo Norte), a bordo de un velero, donde se invitan a artistas internacionales para realizar sus proyectos.

Natural dye are dyes are derived from plants or minerals.in this project we use alternanthera brasiliana plant as natural dye. We used the leaves of this plant to extract the 100% natural dye. This plant which has medical applications, in this project we found out, this plant played a vital role in the field of medical textiles. This dye has the anti- microbial property. Extraction of this dye is used in woven fabric which as medical application.

A mattress protector is a piece of detachable bedding that lies on top of the mattress and encase the mattress to protect it from micro-organisms, water and dirt particles. In the home-textile market, we have many types of mattress protectors, but the water-resistant property is not imparted on the whole. Ordinary mattress protectors cover and avoid penetration of foreign particles such as stains, dust, and insects. For mattress protectors, to impart a water-resistant feature, the chemical base poly coating lamination technique has been adopted. These laminated mattress protectors provide a higher level of comfort with water-resistant property, as well as high-quality yarns provide a good night's sleep and prevents irritation to the skin. This product fabricated with blended yarns to provide extra benefits based on the application.

We present, thought audiovisual soport, the artitic action made for the autor in the context of their research que trata del tejido con tintes naturales. We know the las paletas de color de distintos teritorios,realiza estancias de formación-experimentación, siendo una de elles la participación en Artic Circle, unaexpedición artística en el territorio internacional de Svalbard (Polo Norte), a bordo de un velero, donde seinvitan a artistas internacionales para realizar sus proyectos, Se presenta, por medio de un audiovisual, la acción artística realizada por la autora en el marco de su investigación que trata del tejido con tintes naturales. Para conocer las paletas de color de distintos teritorios, realiza estancias de formación-experimentación,siendo una de elles la participación en Artic Circle, una expedición artística en el territorio internacional de Svalbard (Polo Norte), a bordo de un velero, donde se invitan a artistas internacionales para realizar sus proyectos.

Halochromic (pH-responsive) material was obtained by dyeing functionalized viscose fabric with a crude extract from Streptomyces sp. strain NP4. The functionalization of the fabric before dyeing was performed to make cellulose susceptible to coloration with NP4 extract. Two combined pre-treatment steps were used, oxidation to obtain dialdehyde cellulose and chitosan deposition after oxidation. Chitosan was deposited onto untreated fabric as well, while only oxidized viscose was also investigated for dyeing. Functionalization by both protocols made viscose susceptible to dyeing with the notion that the deposition of chitosan onto oxidized viscose produced the darkest shade on the material. Dyed fabrics showed visual pH responsiveness in the range pH 4-10, with a color change from pink to red (pH 4-pH 7) and a major color change from red to blue (pH 7-pH 10) whereby fabric was tested and could withstand 10 color-changing cycles. Cytotoxicity assay confirmed the non-toxic nature of dyed material, which indicates its possible use as wound dressing's indicators.

A mattress protector is a piece of detachable bedding that lies on top of the mattress and encase the mattress to protect it from micro-organisms, water and dirt particles. In the home-textile market, we have many types of mattress protectors, but the water-resistant property is not imparted on the whole. Ordinary mattress protectors cover and avoid penetration of foreign particles such as stains, dust, and insects. For mattress protectors, to impart a water-resistant feature, the chemical base poly coating lamination technique has been adopted. These laminated mattress protectors provide a higher level of comfort with water-resistant property, as well as high-quality yarns provide a good night's sleep and prevents irritation to the skin. This product fabricated with blended yarns to provide extra benefits based on the application.

Natural dye are dyes are derived from plants or minerals.in this project we use alternanthera brasiliana plant as natural dye. We used the leaves of this plant to extract the 100% natural dye. This plant which has medical applications, in this project we found out, this plant played a vital role in the field of medical textiles. This dye has the anti- microbial property. Extraction of this dye is used in woven fabric which as medical application.

A mattress protector is a piece of detachable bedding that lies on top of the mattress and encase the mattress to protect it from micro-organisms, water and dirt particles. In the home-textile market, we have many types of mattress protectors, but the water-resistant property is not imparted on the whole. Ordinary mattress protectors cover and avoid penetration of foreign particles such as stains, dust, and insects. For mattress protectors, to impart a water-resistant feature, the chemical base poly coating lamination technique has been adopted. These laminated mattress protectors provide a higher level of comfort with water-resistant property, as well as high-quality yarns provide a good night's sleep and prevents irritation to the skin. This product fabricated with blended yarns to provide extra benefits based on the application.

Natural dye are dyes are derived from plants or minerals.in this project we use alternanthera brasiliana plant as natural dye. We used the leaves of this plant to extract the 100% natural dye. This plant which has medical applications, in this project we found out, this plant played a vital role in the field of medical textiles. This dye has the anti- microbial property. Extraction of this dye is used in woven fabric which as medical application.

Dyes are complex molecules that can sometimes cause damage to the aquatic environment and harm human health. They are often not completely removed from effluent by the usual treatments; therefore, efforts have been made to increase their exhaustion from dyeing through chemical and physical processes. In this context, the use of ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) as dyeing auxiliary agent promotes the reduction of harmful products, also increasing the color intensity of the fabric. In this paper, ß-CD was used as a complexing agent to dye polyamide (PA) using the dye C.I. Disperse Yellow 211 (DY211) in order to improve dye exhaustion and color intensity using the ß-CD:DY211 complex. The conventional dyeing process and ß-CD:DY211 dyeing process by exhaustion were compared, and adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and the coloristic intensity were evaluated. The chemical shifts in the FTIR spectra and the thermal stability evidenced the formation of the ß-CD:DY211 complex. Regarding dyeing kinetics and isotherm, the pseudo-first-order model was the most appropriate to describe the process, while Nernst isotherm was the one that best represented the adsorption results. Categorically, the samples dyed with the ß-CD:DY211 complex obtained higher coloristic intensity in comparison with the conventional process. With this evidence, it is possible to conclude that cyclodextrin is a suitable replacement for environmentally harmful textile aides without adding further steps into the dyeing process or the need for additional equipment, Postprint (author's final draft)

This work deals with the treatment of the wastewaters resulting from the process of dyeing flowers. In some local cases for growing flowers near to Medellin (Colombia), wastewater color was found to be one of the main problems in meeting local effluent standards. Wastewaters were treated by photodegradation process (which includes photocatalysis) to achieve the degradation of dyes mixture and organic matter in the wastewater. A multifactorial experimental design was proposed, including as experimental factors the following variables: pH, and the concentration of both catalyst (TiO(2)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). According to the obtained results, at the optimized variables values, it is possible to reach a 99% reduction of dyes, a 76.9% of mineralization (TOC) and a final biodegradability of 0.834. Kinetic analysis allows proposing a pseudo first order reaction for the reduction, the mineralization, and the biodegradation processes.

Polyester fibers (PES) are the most consumed textile fibers due to their low water absorption; non-ionic character and high crystallinity. However, due to their chemical structure, the chemical interactions between polyester, finishing products, and dyes are quite challenging. We report on the use of ozone to modify the surface of polyester fibers with the goal of improving the interaction of the modified surface with finishing compounds and dyes. We used C.I. Disperse Yellow 211 to dye ozone-treated polyester fabrics and evaluated the effects of ozone treatment using FTIR-ATR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM imaging, rubbing tests, and capillarity measurements. We evaluated the dyeing performance via color analysis, and determined the dyeing kinetics. Experimental results indicate that the modification of polyester fabrics with ozone is a feasible pre-treatment that improves dyeing efficiency allowing better solidity of color and a decrease in the amount of dye required, This research was funded by Golden Technology LTDA, Postprint (published version)

[ES] En el presente proyecto, se estudiarán diferentes procesos innovadores de agotamiento en máquinas de tintura, centrándose principalmente en sistemas autoclave. Con el fin de analizar que estudios han dado mejores calidades de tintura, siendo este el objetivo principal, pero teniendo en cuenta otros parámetros como las relaciones de baño para un menor consumo de agua o gasto energético del proceso. Una vez concluido que proceso posee las mejores características se realizara una implantación teórica a nivel industrial valorando las dificultades y ventajas que posee nuestro proceso frente a los procesos de agotamiento en Autoclave comunes hoy en día., [EN] In the present project, different innovative exhaustion processes in dyeing machines will be studied, focusing mainly on autoclave systems. In order to analyze which studies have given better dye qualities, this being the main objective, but taking into account other parameters such as bath ratios for less water consumption or energy expenditure of the process. Once the process has the best characteristics, a theoretical implantation will be carried out at an industrial level, evaluating the difficulties and advantages that our process has compared to the processes of exhaustion in Autoclave common today.

The textile industry is developing at a fast pace, and is constantly changing. It is constantly evolving new methods for recycling and further research is important for future needs. The ability to recycle a textile blended material is a step towards a more sustainable industry. There are however different difficulties around the various processes that have to be removed for recycling. The purpose of the study is to find methods for removing dyes from polyester and cotton blended textile waste for recycling. To investigate the subject, a literature study combined with interviews with experts was performed. The results of the study shows that it is possible to remove dye from cotton and polyester individually. To remove dye from cotton chlorine and hydrogen peroxide are used. Another method is to use a reducing agent hydrosulphite and after use together with lye. There are several ways to remove colour from polyester, although it will almost always have a residue of colour left. One can either melt the pigment into the fibre by using heat. Another method is to use chemicals which increase the amorphous areas in the fibres and the colour will be penetrated. Finally, when investigating a method for removing dye from a polyester and cotton textile blend. The study has highlighted the need of developing new methods without destroying the quality of the fibres. By this study it has been concluded removing dye from fibres are difficult but can be achieved with certain chemicals and processes. It is concluded in the study, removing dye from polyester and cotton individually can be succeed. However, removing colour from a blended fabric is rather difficult. The study has focus on discussing the difficulties when decolouring a blended textile.

[EN] The last few years natural dyes rose in value. Some synthetics dyes are proven to be environmentally harmful and can cause negative effects. Due to the eco awareness the natural dyes were again wildly used. Tea extracts from the Camellia sinensis plant were used. Tea has a large range of phytoconstituents and some can be transferred onto the cotton fabric. The optimal time and temperature to obtain as many phytoconstituents as possible had to be established. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction process from tea so as to apply the maximum concentration of phytoconstituents onto the textile fibers and improve the cotton functionalization (Ultra violet protection for example) once it is dyed with the extract. Results demonstrate time and temperature had a great influence on the optimization of the tea extracts. We could conclude that after 2 hours the most polyphenols, hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins are obtained and increasing the time didn’t add any value. The temperature was a really important factor because the polyphenols derived around 70 °C so both the extraction temperature and dyeing treatment should be below 70 °C. Wastewater were characterized in order to determine the phytoconstituents were in the cotton fibres.

[EN] The last few years natural dyes rose in value. Some synthetics dyes are proven to be environmentally harmful and can cause negative effects. Due to the eco awareness the natural dyes were again wildly used. Tea extracts from the Camellia sinensis plant were used. Tea has a large range of phytoconstituents and some can be transferred onto the cotton fabric. The optimal time and temperature to obtain as many phytoconstituents as possible had to be established. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction process from tea so as to apply the maximum concentration of phytoconstituents onto the textile fibers and improve the cotton functionalization (Ultra violet protection for example) once it is dyed with the extract. Results demonstrate time and temperature had a great influence on the optimization of the tea extracts. We could conclude that after 2 hours the most polyphenols, hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins are obtained and increasing the time didn’t add any value. The temperature was a really important factor because the polyphenols derived around 70 °C so both the extraction temperature and dyeing treatment should be below 70 °C. Wastewater were characterized in order to determine the phytoconstituents were in the cotton fibres.

[ES] El objetivo principal del presente proyecto es el estudio sobre productos naturales para tinturas y acabados en productos textiles. Las prestaciones que se pretenden conseguir serán similares a las que se lograrían con compuestos sintéticos, en términos de color y funcionalidad minimizando recursos energéticos y residuos contaminantes. Otro de los factores importantes es conseguir un alto rendimiento de tintura y uso de estos productos naturales utilizando nuevas tecnologías como es el uso del micronizado en la aplicación de estos productos, conseguir resultados óptimos de igualación y solidez, con el fin de reducir considerablemente el uso de energía y agua, reduciendo huella de carbono., [EN] The main objective of this project is the study on natural products for dyes and finishes in textile products. The benefits that are intented to be archieved will be similar to those thata would be achieved with synthetic compounds, in terms of colour and functionality by minimizing energy resources and polluting waste. Another important factor is to achieve a high dyeing performance and use of these natural products using new technologies such as the use of micronization in the application of these products, achieve optimal results of equalization and color fastness, in order to considerably reduce the use of energy and water, reducing carbon footprint

[ES] El objetivo principal del presente proyecto es el estudio sobre productos naturales para tinturas y acabados en productos textiles. Las prestaciones que se pretenden conseguir serán similares a las que se lograrían con compuestos sintéticos, en términos de color y funcionalidad minimizando recursos energéticos y residuos contaminantes. Otro de los factores importantes es conseguir un alto rendimiento de tintura y uso de estos productos naturales utilizando nuevas tecnologías como es el uso del micronizado en la aplicación de estos productos, conseguir resultados óptimos de igualación y solidez, con el fin de reducir considerablemente el uso de energía y agua, reduciendo huella de carbono., [EN] The main objective of this project is the study on natural products for dyes and finishes in textile products. The benefits that are intented to be archieved will be similar to those thata would be achieved with synthetic compounds, in terms of colour and functionality by minimizing energy resources and polluting waste. Another important factor is to achieve a high dyeing performance and use of these natural products using new technologies such as the use of micronization in the application of these products, achieve optimal results of equalization and color fastness, in order to considerably reduce the use of energy and water, reducing carbon footprint

[ES] El objetivo principal del presente proyecto es el estudio sobre productos naturales para tinturas y acabados en productos textiles. Las prestaciones que se pretenden conseguir serán similares a las que se lograrían con compuestos sintéticos, en términos de color y funcionalidad minimizando recursos energéticos y residuos contaminantes. Otro de los factores importantes es conseguir un alto rendimiento de tintura y uso de estos productos naturales utilizando nuevas tecnologías como es el uso del micronizado en la aplicación de estos productos, conseguir resultados óptimos de igualación y solidez, con el fin de reducir considerablemente el uso de energía y agua, reduciendo huella de carbono., [EN] The main objective of this project is the study on natural products for dyes and finishes in textile products. The benefits that are intented to be archieved will be similar to those thata would be achieved with synthetic compounds, in terms of colour and functionality by minimizing energy resources and polluting waste. Another important factor is to achieve a high dyeing performance and use of these natural products using new technologies such as the use of micronization in the application of these products, achieve optimal results of equalization and color fastness, in order to considerably reduce the use of energy and water, reducing carbon footprint

[ES] El objetivo principal del presente proyecto es el estudio sobre productos naturales para tinturas y acabados en productos textiles. Las prestaciones que se pretenden conseguir serán similares a las que se lograrían con compuestos sintéticos, en términos de color y funcionalidad minimizando recursos energéticos y residuos contaminantes. Otro de los factores importantes es conseguir un alto rendimiento de tintura y uso de estos productos naturales utilizando nuevas tecnologías como es el uso del micronizado en la aplicación de estos productos, conseguir resultados óptimos de igualación y solidez, con el fin de reducir considerablemente el uso de energía y agua, reduciendo huella de carbono., [EN] The main objective of this project is the study on natural products for dyes and finishes in textile products. The benefits that are intented to be archieved will be similar to those thata would be achieved with synthetic compounds, in terms of colour and functionality by minimizing energy resources and polluting waste. Another important factor is to achieve a high dyeing performance and use of these natural products using new technologies such as the use of micronization in the application of these products, achieve optimal results of equalization and color fastness, in order to considerably reduce the use of energy and water, reducing carbon footprint