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In organizations, two types of communication can be distinguished, predetermining approaches to Information Security (IS): communication based on equality - "Network communication" (Networks from/in organizations) and "Hierarchical organizational communication". A primary task of IS in an organization is to protect sensitive data in both types of communication. The IS approach must be tailored and cover all options – a holistic approach. Existing IS management approaches can be divided into two large groups: Information security approaches in Network Communications and data security approaches in Hierarchical Organizational Communication. Approaches to managing IS in network communications include Firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), Anti-Virus, Anti Malware, Endpoint Protection, Perimeter Security and Cyber-threat intelligence systems. IS management approaches in Hierarchical Communication include Data Classification and Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) systems. In the article are examined the areas of application of the different approaches to information security in an organization - External network, Network Perimeter, Internal network, Computer equipment, Applications and Data.

It tries to respond to the absence of inbound marketing experiences in political and institutional communication in Spain, where its use is limited to the commercial sphere. Through an exploratory study, the behavior and impact of the methodology is analyzed in a case of institutional communication of a local administration and the reaction of the users is studied. It is concluded that inbound marketing applied to a case of political communication exceeds expectations and provides better data than business marketing. The result is satisfactory in terms of reaching the target audience and producing a high number of conversions to leads and closures., El estudio trata de dar respuesta a la ausencia de experiencias del inbound marketing en la comunicación política e institucional en España, donde su uso se limita al ámbito comercial. Mediante un estudio exploratorio se analiza el comportamiento y el impacto de la metodología en un caso de comunicación institucional de una administración local y se estudia la reacción de los usuarios. Se concluye que el inbound marketing aplicado a un caso de comunicación política supera las expectativas y proporciona mejores datos que los del marketing empresarial. El resultado resulta satisfactorio en cuanto a que se llega al público objetivo y se producen un elevado número de conversiones a leads y cierres.

The thesis investigates how Swedish archives and special collections manage digital information stored on legacy media. The purpose is to understand what strategies and practices archives use when extracting digital information from legacy media. The strategies used to extract and preserve data from legacy media preludes how archives should preserve other born digital information and provides a micro perspective for comprehensive further investigations. The research will increase our understanding of archival practices by looking at the Swedish archives. The thesis uses philosophy of information as a metatheory to frame the investigation, and proceeds to use principles found either in archival litterature or established in previous international research to analyze and compare strategies used by the Swedish archives when extracting data from legacy media. The thesis uses a quantitative method to analyze collected statistical data and a qualitative method to interpret and compare archival strategies. The quantitative results show that while most Swedish archives still have legacy media in their collections, the administrative archives have either prohibited legacy media in new accessions, never really received them in the first place or already migrated the data to electronic archives. However, conversely the results also show that archives with special collections still receive legacy media in their accessions and also experience a small but significant increase in the accession frequency. The difference in accession frequency between the archives is explained in part by the rules governing the accessions, but also by the fact that administrative archives manage records whereas special collections tend to manage documents. The qualitative results show that archives who still manage legacy media, either in their accessions or collections, are still mostly in the process of deciding what strategies and methods to use when extracting data from legacy media.

The thesis investigates how Swedish archives and special collections manage digital information stored on legacy media. The purpose is to understand what strategies and practices archives use when extracting digital information from legacy media. The strategies used to extract and preserve data from legacy media preludes how archives should preserve other born digital information and provides a micro perspective for comprehensive further investigations. The research will increase our understanding of archival practices by looking at the Swedish archives. The thesis uses philosophy of information as a metatheory to frame the investigation, and proceeds to use principles found either in archival litterature or established in previous international research to analyze and compare strategies used by the Swedish archives when extracting data from legacy media. The thesis uses a quantitative method to analyze collected statistical data and a qualitative method to interpret and compare archival strategies. The quantitative results show that while most Swedish archives still have legacy media in their collections, the administrative archives have either prohibited legacy media in new accessions, never really received them in the first place or already migrated the data to electronic archives. However, conversely the results also show that archives with special collections still receive legacy media in their accessions and also experience a small but significant increase in the accession frequency. The difference in accession frequency between the archives is explained in part by the rules governing the accessions, but also by the fact that administrative archives manage records whereas special collections tend to manage documents. The qualitative results show that archives who still manage legacy media, either in their accessions or collections, are still mostly in the process of deciding what strategies and methods to use when extracting data from legacy media.

This paper describes the design of a model to assess institutional information and content on HEI websites according to compliance with good practices of identity and institutional digital reputation. First of all, a referential framework of the strategic function of integral communication actions, identity, institutional digital reputation and its impact on HEIs is presented. Then, considerations are applied to elements of relationship between categories of integral communication aspects at internal, external and corporate level for the design of indicators that identify and weight the coverage of good practices of institutional digital identity and reputation according to the availability of information and institutional content on a website. Finally, recommendations are described for the functionality of the assessment model and the importance of its application within the integral communication strategy of HEIs in web environments., Este trabajo describe el diseño de un modelo para valorar la información y los contenidos de tipo institucional en sitios web de Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) de acuerdo con el cumplimiento de buenas prácticas de identidad y reputación digital institucional. En principio se presenta un marco referencial de la función estratégica de las acciones de comunicación integral, la identidad, la reputación digital institucional y su impacto en las IES. Seguido, se aplican consideraciones a elementos de relación entre categorías de aspectos de la comunicación integral a nivel interno, externo y corporativo para el diseño de indicadores que identifiquen y ponderen la cobertura de buenas prácticas de identidad y reputación digital institucional de acuerdo con la disposición de información y contenidos institucionales en un sitio web. Por último, se describen recomendaciones para la funcionalidad del modelo de valoración y la importancia de su aplicación dentro de la estrategia de comunicación integral de IES en entornos web.

La información digital está en un proceso constante de transformación. Los datos cada vez son mayores, pero no más precisos. El problema a resolver es la fidelización de lectores y para ello la investigación se muestra como un recurso necesario que periodistas y documentalistas tienen que emplear. Además, las redes sociales se introducen en el campo de la información con formatos nuevos, con millones de lectores que compiten con los medios digitales tradicionales. El reto del documentalista es dotar de contenidos, creíbles y veraces en su medio., Digital information is in a constant process of transformation. The data are becoming larger, but not more accurate. The problem to solve is the loyalty of readers and for this research is shown as a needed resource that journalists and documentalists have to employ. In addition, social networks are introduced in the field of information with new formats, with millions of competing with traditional digital media readers. The challenge is to provide the documentalist content, credible and truthful in their mids, Unidad Deptal. de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, Fac. de Ciencias de la Información, TRUE, pub

La información digital está en un proceso constante de transformación. Los datos cada vez son mayores, pero no más precisos. El problema a resolver es la fidelización de lectores y para ello la investigación se muestra como un recurso necesario que periodistas y documentalistas tienen que emplear. Además, las redes sociales se introducen en el campo de la información con formatos nuevos, con millones de lectores que compiten con los medios digitales tradicionales. El reto del documentalista es dotar de contenidos, creíbles y veraces en su medio., Digital information is in a constant process of transformation. The data are becoming larger, but not more accurate. The problem to solve is the loyalty of readers and for this research is shown as a needed resource that journalists and documentalists have to employ. In addition, social networks are introduced in the field of information with new formats, with millions of competing with traditional digital media readers. The challenge is to provide the documentalist content, credible and truthful in their midst., Unidad Deptal. de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, Fac. de Ciencias de la Información, TRUE, pub

Background In recent years, the Web has become a source of medical information for patients, even though the information available online may be incorrect or qualitatively inadequate. Younger generations, immersed in a digital environment since a very tender age, are more likely to get informed online. This study aims to understand the relevance of online information for prospective orthodontic patients and to investigate the effects of digital research on patients’ decision-making process, and it also aims to investigate potential generational differences between digital natives and digital immigrants. Materials and methods An anonymous questionnaire was developed to investigate patients’ orthodontic-themed Web searches as well as the effects digital material had on their decision-making process. Before submitting the newly designed survey to patients, it was validated in a pilot study. Univariate analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between the demographic characteristics of respondents and their answers on the use of digital research for the decision-making process. Results 64.6% of the study population searched the Web for orthodontic information prior to their visit. Google was the most used platform regardless of patients’ age. The perceived reliability of online sources varied significantly with age. Men displayed more trusting behavior towards their doctor than women. Prospective patients’ satisfaction with affected patients’ decision-making processes, and the perceived reliability of online sources of information had repercussions on the doctor-patient relationship. Conclusions Orthodontists should be aware that the majority of patients use the Internet as a source for orthodontic information, and that patients who are digital immigrants are more prone to trust the information found online. Patients who perceive the information found on the Web as either useful or reliable don’t easily discard it, even if it is inconsistent with the orthodontist

The main objective of the study is to determine the user satisfaction with the library. Although questionnaires were provided to users when the researcher took 0.15 % of the entire respondent population= 35392= 52 around 0.15 sampled. However, fifty two (52) copies of the questionnaires were given to the respondents where fifty (50) copies were retrieved and analyzed, representing 96.15 %. The findings show the existing information resources available. In the Agriculture University Library the challenges User such as internet access, power failure, employee attitudes. To resolve these limitations insufficient numbers of library workers should be filled in, which meant that information resources will be arranged and readily accessible. The jobs of LIS professionals will help users access and use agricultural information tools, repackage and disseminate agricultural information to them. These findings suggest the need to formalize and improve relations between users and library staff in order to increase access to agricultural information and to formulate policies and regulatory structures for gender response. It is important to have policies that encourage inter-library loans, collaboration and knowledge sharing between Agriculture University Libraries and libraries of research institutes.

The use of E-resources has become a way of life. Seeking nutrition information has been seen to be directly related to wellness. The objective of the study was to assess and ascertain the use of the Internet and digital information seeking among students and professionals. The study also aimed to assess the preference of allopathic therapy over home remedies among the respondents. 275 respondents- 155 students and 120 professionals residing in Chandigarh Tricity were assessed. A self-designed questionnaire with five items on a five-point scale was used to procure information. The results showed that respondents agreed that they searched information digitally. Following healthy tips showed a neutral to agreeing on response whereas whether libraries were visited received a neutral response. In comparison, it was seen that there was a statistical difference (p<0.01**) among seeking digital information among students and professionals. Use of the library for information seeking was higher among students (3.510± 1.32) than professionals (2.600± 1.19), p<0.01**. It can be inferred that respondents relied more on digital information rather than the use of libraries. The overall neutral response was seen for preference of allopathy over home remedies, but, professionals were seen to be more inclined towards home remedies (p<0.01**). A significant correlation was seen between the preference of medication and E-resources (p<0.01**). It can be concluded that students utilized both E-resources and libraries more than the professionals. Education plays an important role in choosing the type of medication. Thus, E-resources have gained more momentum as an information-seeking tool.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between awareness and use of digital information resources among students of universities in South Punjab. The researcher adopted survey research design and employed questionnaire as a research method to collect the data from respondents. The population of the study consisted on BS, Master, MS, M. Phil and PhD programs students of The Islamia University Bahawalpur and Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from respondents. A statistical package for social science (SPSS-20) was used for the analysis of data. The result of the study found that majority of respondents used university library on occasionally basis and most of respondents give preference to digital information resources over printed materials. Most of the respondents agreed that they consult digital information resources for academic work, assignments and for the use of research purposes. Majority of the respondents had skills to used different database like HEC digital library, HEC Summon, Science Direct, JStore etc. A statistically it was found a strong relationship between awareness and use of digital information resources. The barriers faced by respondents while using digital information resources were; slow internet connectivity, respondents’ low ICT skills and limited access to university information resources etc.

The aim of this study is to examine how Swedish private archival institutions are working with the long-term preservation and access to their digital film collections. The issue of digital preservation has featured in many studies but fewer of these have concentrated on the challenges of private archives. This is what motivated my study. A qualitative methodology with a case study as a method have been applied to the study. The empirical material consists of qualitative interviews with five co-workers from five different Swedish private archival institutions and a literature review of studies that I found relevant to the phenomenon under study. The study uses the Total Archive and Records Continuum Model (RCM) as the conceptual and theoretical framework for analysis. The Total Archive theory means that types of artefacts such as films from both the public and private sectors are important inproviding a comprehensive picture of society. The RCM shows how different activities within the institutions can be traced to different dimensions in the model, where all parts play a role for the whole, in a continuum for how information is preserved and made available. The results of the study confirm earlier observations from earlier studies regarding the challenges of long-term preservation of digital artefacts which are; organizational, technological, lack of sufficient funding and the issue of copyright. It contributes to the existing research gap on the long-term digital preservation challenges faced by private archives.

The constant evolution of technology has made possible its application in the forestry sector, it is currently possible to characterize the vegetation and estimate forest inventory variables. The objective of this research was to estimate forest inventory variables using images captured with an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) using photogrammetric processing integrated in a geographic information system in trees on stands under forest management in Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Oaxaca, Mexico. A sample of 30 trees was used, selected from the census captured and processed by the drone photographs in the stands where height, crown diameter (Cd), crown area (Ca) and diameter at breast height (Dbh) were measured in the traditional way in order to validate digital information. The results of the comparison of both methods using the t-Student test indicate that the estimation of the height and Cd variable does not show significant differences (p> 0.05); however, in the rest of forest inventory variables there were significant statistical differences (p <0.01). In addition, the exponential model used to estimate the Dbh and crown diameter as a function of the height of Pinus oaxacana species was significant (R2 = 0.90 and 0.93 respectively)., La constante evolución de la tecnología ha hecho posible su aplicación en el sector forestal, actualmente es posible caracterizar la vegetación y estimar variables forestales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar variables dasométricas usando imágenes capturadas con un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (dron) utilizando procesamiento fotogramétrico integrado en un sistema de información geográfica en árboles en rodales bajo manejo forestal en Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Oaxaca, México. Se utilizó una muestra de 30 árboles, seleccionados del censo capturado y procesado por las fotografías del dron en los rodales a los que se les midió altura, diámetro de copa (dc), área de copa (AC) y diámetro normal (dn) de la forma tradicional para la validación de la información digital. Los resultados de la comparación de ambos métodos por medio de prueba de t-Student indican que la estimación de la variable altura y dc no presentan diferencias significativas (p > 0.05); sin embargo, en las demás variables de inventario existieron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p < 0.01). Además, el modelo exponencial utilizado para estimar el dn y diámetro de copa en función de la altura de la especie Pinus oaxacana resultó significativo (R2 = 0.90 y 0.93 respectivamente).

The aim of this study is to examine how Swedish private archival institutions are working with the long-term preservation and access to their digital film collections. The issue of digital preservation has featured in many studies but fewer of these have concentrated on the challenges of private archives. This is what motivated my study. A qualitative methodology with a case study as a method have been applied to the study. The empirical material consists of qualitative interviews with five co-workers from five different Swedish private archival institutions and a literature review of studies that I found relevant to the phenomenon under study. The study uses the Total Archive and Records Continuum Model (RCM) as the conceptual and theoretical framework for analysis. The Total Archive theory means that types of artefacts such as films from both the public and private sectors are important inproviding a comprehensive picture of society. The RCM shows how different activities within the institutions can be traced to different dimensions in the model, where all parts play a role for the whole, in a continuum for how information is preserved and made available. The results of the study confirm earlier observations from earlier studies regarding the challenges of long-term preservation of digital artefacts which are; organizational, technological, lack of sufficient funding and the issue of copyright. It contributes to the existing research gap on the long-term digital preservation challenges faced by private archives.

Watermarking is a technique that embeds digital information, “watermark”, in a carrier signal to identify ownership of the signal or verify the authenticity or integrity of the carrier signal. It has been widely employed in the fields of image and signal processing. In this chapter, we survey some recent physical watermark design approaches for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). We focus on how to design physical watermarking to actively detect cyber-attacks, especially replay attacks, thereby securing the CPS. First, the system and the attack model are introduced. A basic physical watermarking scheme, which leverages a random noise as a watermark to detect the attack, is discussed. The optimal watermark signal is designed to achieve a trade-off between control performance and intrusion detection. Based on this scheme, several extensions are also presented, such as watermarks generated by a hidden Markov model and online data-based watermark generation. These schemes all use an additive watermarking signal. A multiplicative watermark scheme is also presented. The chapter is concluded with a discussion on some open problems on watermark design., QC 20220316

The 21st century has witnessed that Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are one of the most dynamic online exercises to impact the advanced world. SNSs and their applications act as a powerful tool to link the gap between the library and its patrons. The COVID-19 Pandemic has proved that SNSs help in providing library services with the click of a mouse, thus expanding the services the library renders to their clients. The study highlights the use of various SNSs in promoting library services, reasons for using SNSs, to know the most preferred SNS, and frequency of SNSs used by the libraries, and the obstacles faced by the libraries. The data was collected from one hundred and thirty-eight Arts and Science college librarians all over India through an online questionnaire. The majority of the respondents used various SNSs applications in promoting the library services; WhatsApp and library websites are the most preferred SNSs and MySpace was the least preferred SNSs, the respondents agreed that they used SNSs to communicate with their users, to provide quick access, to uplift the library usage and market the library resources, most of the libraries once a week updated the SNSs, a few problems faced such as lack of security, media access, and internet connectivity and none of the respondents responded that they have low skill in using the SNSs for marketing the library resources. The study suggested that library professionals should update the SNSs regularly because of the advanced technologies these sites are the mirror to the library users and they can do further study with innovative technologies adopted by the libraries for the marketing library and information products and services.

The study determines the use of information tools, and facilities by undergraduate students in the faculty of agriculture university libraries: in northern Nigeria, (ABU, FUTM AND FUAM) undergraduate students from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Federal University of Technology, Minna, are the respondents. The main objective of the study is to assess the use of information tools, and facilities by undergraduate students in the faculty of agriculture university libraries: in northern Nigeria, (ABU, FUTM AND FUAM) in order to analyze the types of available information resources and facilities, the level of usage, by library users of information resources and facilities. Questionnaires were provided to the respondents. The researcher took 450(0.53) of the entire respondent population= 84278= 450 so four hundred and fifty (450) copies of the questionnaires were given to the respondents. Four hundred and one (401) copies were retrieved and analyzed, representing 89.11%. Key findings show that in the faculty of Agriculture University Libraries in Northern Nigeria, the use of information tools, and facilities by undergraduate students in the faculty of agriculture university libraries are not significant. The facilities exits include internets but were not well established. There was no access to adequate information resources for users because of the insufficient number of library employees. The study recommended the enhancement of existing information tools, services and user information needs facilities, offline database subscriptions such as AGORA, HINARI, AJOL, and JSTORE

The case study is to identify the Factors Affecting Availability, Accessibility and Use of Information Tools and Facilities in Agriculture University Libraries by Postgraduate Students of FUAA, FUAM AND MOUA CASE STUDY in Nigeria. A quantitative method was adopted. Random sampling strategy was used. A method of data collection is questionnaire administered to users of the libraries sampled. Major findings testify that, the current agricultural information available, accessible and utilized is insufficient and agricultural information was inadequate in agriculture university libraries in studied. ICTs infrastructure and internet services existed in agriculture university libraries but were not well developed; constraints confronted the users, includes internet connectivity, power failure, attitudes of the staffs, current information resources particularly e-journals and e-books, information resources related to agricultural information such as databases, e-journals, e-books were the information needs identified are not much available. The study recommended, the Improvement of the existing information resources and facilities for the user’s information needs and where possible new qualified library professionals should be employ. Subscriptions of offline databases such as, E-Granary to access agricultural information offline; overcoming constraints by focused library management; university authority, TETFund should look in to the possible area of income sources and funding the library beyond annual budget like consultancy services, printing, binding, publishing, donations from philanthropists. There is a need for policies that facilitate cooperation between agriculture university libraries and agricultural research institution libraries for collaboration and information sharing for collection, processing, storage and dissemination of agricultural information and the capturing, documenting and sharing of the resources

The study an appraisal of information resources and services in Agriculture University Libraries in Nigeria; the respondents are postgraduate in, Federal University Agriculture Makurdi, Federal Michael Okpara University Agriculture Abia, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, sampled by the researcher. The main objective of the study is to assess the information resources and services in Agriculture University Libraries in Nigeria with view to examine the types of information resources and services available, extent of utilization and the constraints associated with the use of information resources and services by Library postgraduate students in Agriculture University Libraries under study. Simple random sampling was used in selecting the Agriculture University Libraries from the six geopolitical zones; while questionnaires were administered to users. The researcher has been taken 1.1% of the entire population of respondents=6933 = 78. Seventy eight (78) copies of the questionnaires were administered to the respondents, however, seventy three (73) of questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed from the different Agriculture University Libraries sampled representing (93.6%),. Major findings testify that the current agricultural information resources available, accessible and utilized are insufficient in agriculture University libraries in Nigeria. constraints confronted the postgraduate students, includes internet connectivity, power failure, attitudes of the staff, current information resources particularly e-journals, e-books and loans periods, information resources related to agricultural information such as databases, e-journals, e-books were the information needs identified are not much available. Due to inadequate numbers of library staff, there was scanty access to appropriate information services to the users. The study recommended, the improvement of the existing information resources, services and facilities for the user’s information needs, subscripti

The study examines the accessibility, utilization and satisfaction of information resources and services in Nigeria's Agriculture University Libraries. Non-academic staff, from Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia and University of Nigeria Nsukka are the respondents. The main objective of the study is to study the information resources, services, utilization and satisfaction at Agriculture University Libraries in Nigeria in order to analyze the types of available information resources, the level of usage and user satisfaction. Questionnaires were provided to users and the researcher took 1.3 % of the entire respondent population= 5878= 78, so seventy eight (78) copies of the questionnaires were given to the respondents. Fifty nine (59) copies of the various Agriculture University Libraries sampled were retrieved and analyzed, representing 75.64 %. Key findings show that in the Agriculture University Libraries sampled, the existing agricultural information tools available, accessible and used are inadequate current information resources, particularly e-journals e-books and loan times, agricultural information related information resources, such as databases, e-journals e-books, as there was not much available for the established information needs. There was no access to adequate information resources for users because of the insufficient number of library employees. The study recommended the enhancement of existing information tools, services and user information needs facilities, offline database subscriptions such as AGORA, HINARI, AJOL, JSTORE and E-Granary to access agricultural information offline, with millions of textbook and journal information resources accessible and added every second.

Augmented Reality (AR) provides an immersive experience platform where players may interact with the real world. Virtual digital information details enhance this interaction with the physical environment. This paper focuses on investigating using Augmented Reality (AR) technology for player’s interaction influences the game design (technical features and interactivity aspects mainly) that could facilitate its players to achieve its proposed Intended Learning Objectives when playing different scenarios for logistic operations. To achieve this, an initial mock-up is set up with simple AR interactions to analyse the overall immersive player’s experience., QC 20220603part of proceedings ISBN 9783030893934

The study attempted to find out whether undergraduates’ subject background has influence on their application of digital literacy skills in accessing digital information for educational problem solving.The design of the Ex- Post Facto survey was used for the study. A37- item Questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 1506, which represented 5% of 30,121 undergraduates of seven federal universities in southern Nigeria, which were purposely selected for the study. The major finding of the study showed that subject background had strong influence and makes the difference in undergraduates’ ability to use digital literacy skills in accessing information. The direction of the difference is that those in science-related disciplines demonstrated greater skills than those in Arts- related fields in the application of digital literacy skills for information access. The major challenge was lack of adequate education and training for developing digital literacy skills among undergraduates. It was recommended among others, that the National Universities Commission (NUC) should formulate policies that would enforce university-wide training of undergraduates, especially those in Arts/Humanities for digital literacy skills development.

Effective urban planning is increasingly affected and governed by the current information society. This paper argues that the so-called third data revolution creates unprecedented challenges for sustainable city policy in the digital age. Three types of data revolutions are distinguished in this paper. The nowadays popular notion of smart cities may be helpful to enhance the cognitive quality of urban policy-making, but leads also to new issues on complex data handling in the modern age of social media and digital information systems. The various issues at stake are outlined in this paper, while this study is concluded with a sketch of the contours of a so-called smart city policy fly-wheel, so as to demonstrate that the urban fabric–also in a smart city context–is always work in progress, with a view to the achievement of sustainable development goals. Highlights The birth of the smart cities concept originates from the third data revolution. Sustainable city policy calls for smart data management. In the ‘New Urban World’ systematic data warehousing is needed. The tension between closed administrative city borders and open data systems can be bridged. The attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) presupposes smart city policy., QC 20200629

The study appraisal of information resources and services in Agriculture University Libraries in Northern Nigeria; the respondents are undergraduate students in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Federal University Agriculture Makurdi, and Federal University Technology Minna sampled by the researcher. The main objective of the study is to evaluate information resources, services in Agriculture University Libraries in Northern Nigeria with view to examine the types of information resources, and services available, extent of utilization of the information resources by undergraduate students in Agriculture University Libraries in Northern Nigeria under study, while questionnaires were administered to the undergraduate students. The researcher has been taken 0.7% of the entire population of respondents=84278 = 78. therefore seventy eight six (78) copies of the questionnaires were administered to the respondents, however, sixty six (66) of questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed from the different Agriculture University Libraries in Northern Nigeria sampled representing (84.62%), Major findings testify that the current agricultural information resources and facilities available, accessible and utilized are insufficient in agriculture University libraries in Northern Nigeria. and internet services existed in agriculture University libraries in Northern Nigeria but were not well developed; current information resources particularly e-journals, e-books, information resources related to agricultural information such as databases, e-journals, e-books were the information needs identified are not much available. The study recommended, the improvement of the existing information resources, services and facilities for the user’s information needs, subscriptions of offline databases such as, CeRA Journals Indiastat , CABI Abstract Horticulture Online Database, Agricultural Economics Database EBSCO Resource J-Gate Plus Fortnightly to access agricultural information offline with mil

Effective urban planning is increasingly affected and governed by the current information society. This paper argues that the so-called third data revolution creates unprecedented challenges for sustainable city policy in the digital age. Three types of data revolutions are distinguished in this paper. The nowadays popular notion of smart cities may be helpful to enhance the cognitive quality of urban policy-making, but leads also to new issues on complex data handling in the modern age of social media and digital information systems. The various issues at stake are outlined in this paper, while this study is concluded with a sketch of the contours of a so-called smart city policy fly-wheel, so as to demonstrate that the urban fabric - also in a smart city context - is always work in progress, with a view to the achievement of sustainable development goals.

The benefits of digital information are mostly viewed as intangible, meaning that they can be hard to measure. This lack of measurements makes the benefits difficult to compare and communicate, creating problems for e.g. decision-making and the strategic development of specific digital information. Therefore, I conducted a literature review to find out how the combination of intangible benefits and measurements are dealt with in the information systems field. I found that we measure the intangible benefits of information systems or information technology. Here, the measurement method is divided into input, rule, and output. The input consists of predetermined individual benefits, areas of predetermined benefits, or interpreted benefits from respondents. The rule follows an accepted theory or contextual adjusted rules, and the output (benefit) can be seen as either financial or non-financial. The avenue for further research focuses on the digital information as the primary resource, not information systems or information technology.

Rapporten belyser resultaten från ett Plattformsfinansierat projekt som löpt från 2018 till 2019 med syfte att undersöka dels olika besökares informationsbeteende i Helsingborg, dels vilket värde besökarna tillskriver de olika informationskanalerna. Frågan är hur vi kan förstå besökarna i ett allt mer digitalt sammanhang. Vilka informationskanaler är intressanta för besökarna och vilket värde tillskrivs de olika kanalerna? Studiens resultat utgår från de personer vi har träffat under vår empiriinsamling. Vi har utfört intervjuer med såväl inhemska som internationella besökare i Helsingborg, med personal på Visit Helsingborg och med aktörer på stadens InfoPoints. Majoriteten av besökarna till Helsingborg var på genomresa eller ett kortare dagsbesök i staden. Detta påverkar deras behov av turistinformation. Det framgick tydligt att det är ett lågt intresse för information hos inhemska besökare. Ett undantag är praktisk information gällande parkering, shopping och liknande. Det är tydligt att besökare fortfarande använder en blandning av analoga och digitala informationskanaler där till exempel papperskartan fortfarande är högt eftertraktad. Även det personliga mötet via de mobila turismenheterna är något som uppskattas mycket av besökarna. För personalen blir det en möjlighet att erbjuda ett gott värdskap och att ge ett mervärde för besökarna. Trots digitalisering kvarstår således behovet av den personliga kontakten. För att skapa värde är det också viktigt att informationskanalen är trovärdig. Ett sätt att bli trovärdig är att skapa sitt informationsmaterial själv. Det är aktörerna på platsen som upplevs som mest kunniga gällande platsen. En utmaning är också hur Visit Helsingborg kan bli mer synliga för att nå de icke digitala besökarna.

Augmented Reality (AR) is a new educational approach that modifies how the student receives the information. The learning becomes totally dynamic. Augmented Reality is totally useful for the practical part of the subjects. Especially in technical Degrees. In the first year of these Degrees there are very specific subjects that are totally new for the students. The subject "Fundamentals of Construction" of the first year of the Degree in Technical Architecture is one of them. Augmented Reality is a technology that combines digital information (virtual) and physical information (material), in real time thanks to different technological devices (tablets, smartphones, glasses ...). The use of new technologies in the classroom is a great success. The current student profile is familiar with all technical advances. This reality is the way of change in Spanish higher education. The lecture class should not disappear because it is demanded by the student, but now it is not the only way of learning and it is not the most important as it has been demonstrated in recent years. This paper is related to the Augmented Reality (AR) as a resource to take into account in the teaching of building structures. Students have better space vision with Augmented Reality and for that reason it is used as a new resource in the subject “Fundamentals of Construction”.

Augmented Reality (AR) is a new educational approach that modifies how the student receives the information. The learning becomes totally dynamic. Augmented Reality is totally useful for the practical part of the subjects. Especially in technical Degrees. In the first year of these Degrees there are very specific subjects that are totally new for the students. The subject "Fundamentals of Construction" of the first year of the Degree in Technical Architecture is one of them. Augmented Reality is a technology that combines digital information (virtual) and physical information (material), in real time thanks to different technological devices (tablets, smartphones, glasses ...). The use of new technologies in the classroom is a great success. The current student profile is familiar with all technical advances. This reality is the way of change in Spanish higher education. The lecture class should not disappear because it is demanded by the student, but now it is not the only way of learning and it is not the most important as it has been demonstrated in recent years. This paper is related to the Augmented Reality (AR) as a resource to take into account in the teaching of building structures. Students have better space vision with Augmented Reality and for that reason it is used as a new resource in the subject “Fundamentals of Construction”.

The aim of this Master’s thesis is to analyse the discourse of accessibility at the Regional Archives in Lund. The focal point of the study is the interaction between the archivist and the user of the archival records, which stems from questions regarding how archival records are mediated in the dialogue between the archivist and the user, and if the archive’s construct of access is perceived as accessible or not. Our intention is therefore to examine how accessibility – both as a concept and practice – is composed within the process of managing inquiries at the Regional Archives in Lund. The study is based on the premise that physical and/or digital access to archival records does not automatically mean that the information is accessible. Our theoretical framework consists of discourse theory, and is based on two of Michel Foucault’s metaphors: genealogy and archaeology. We combine Foucault’s theoretical perspective with new institutional theory, with emphasis on business logic and the production of cultural heritage. The method consists of qualitative interviews and is in line with discourse theory. We conducted six interviews with employees at the Regional Archives in Lund. The selection of participants was made according to their experience with managing incoming inquiries. We came to the conclusion that the predominate representation within the discourse of accessibility is to register and arrange records. This representation correlates with the meaning that the participants construct in relation to two other discourses, the discourse of the physical record and the discourse of economic-rational. The participants’ statements also indicated a displacement of discourses. We found that this displacement is caused by “new” values that produce representations in correlation with two other discourses: the discourse of post-modernism and the discourse of the digital information society. This displacement also shares values with the discourse of economic-rational. Furt

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the long-term preservation challenges that the Swedish private archives are faced with. In as much as they offer a complement to the public archives and hence offer a nuanced national narrative, they lack both financial and human resources to effectively deal with the digital information management environment. Design/methodology/approach: Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to identify the challenges of long-term preservation together with the six private archives institutions that were involved in the collaboration. The collaboration was financially facilitated by the Södertörn University. PAR is defined as a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied, for the purposes of education and taking action or effecting social change. What is distinctive of PAR is the active involvement of people whose lives are affected by the phenomenon under study. Findings: The private archival institutions face long-term preservation challenges such as lack of a digital repository that would facilitate the capture, organization and management of digital records that are of different formats and in a dispersed environment. There are no stringent legal requirements to facilitate the creation and management of the records in a standardized way and the institutions fear that imposing such requirements might deter their clients from depositing archival materials with them. The institutions will also need to espouse the business-oriented archival descriptions where private organizations are concerned to identify relevant archival materials and to promote participatory archival descriptions that would allow the creators to tag their records with metadata. Digital information requires a proactive approach, that is, planning for the long-term preservation of the information before it is created. Private archives need to invest in education packages that will facilitate their clientel

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the long-term preservation challenges that the Swedish private archives are faced with. In as much as they offer a complement to the public archives and hence offer a nuanced national narrative, they lack both financial and human resources to effectively deal with the digital information management environment. Design/methodology/approach: Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to identify the challenges of long-term preservation together with the six private archives institutions that were involved in the collaboration. The collaboration was financially facilitated by the Södertörn University. PAR is defined as a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied, for the purposes of education and taking action or effecting social change. What is distinctive of PAR is the active involvement of people whose lives are affected by the phenomenon under study. Findings: The private archival institutions face long-term preservation challenges such as lack of a digital repository that would facilitate the capture, organization and management of digital records that are of different formats and in a dispersed environment. There are no stringent legal requirements to facilitate the creation and management of the records in a standardized way and the institutions fear that imposing such requirements might deter their clients from depositing archival materials with them. The institutions will also need to espouse the business-oriented archival descriptions where private organizations are concerned to identify relevant archival materials and to promote participatory archival descriptions that would allow the creators to tag their records with metadata. Digital information requires a proactive approach, that is, planning for the long-term preservation of the information before it is created. Private archives need to invest in education packages that will facilitate their clientel

RIVM rapport:Met 'natuurlijk kapitaal' wordt de waarde uitgedrukt die de natuur heeft voor de samenleving, zowel geldelijk als niet-geldelijk. Het draagt bij aan het welzijn en de welvaart van de mens, bijvoorbeeld in de vorm van schone lucht, drinkwater en voedsel, maar ook door duinen die ervoor zorgen dat ons land niet overstroomt. Op dit moment wordt niet duurzaam omgegaan met natuurlijk kapitaal in de wereld, met schaarste van grondstoffen, overbevissing, uitputting van de bodem en klimaatverandering als gevolg. Het RIVM heeft onderzocht of de nieuw in te voeren Omgevingswet regels stelt om duurzaam met natuurlijk kapitaal om te gaan. Deze wet blijkt overheden wel de mogelijkheid te bieden om aandacht te besteden aan natuurlijk kapitaal, maar stelt daarvoor weinig regels. Doelen om het natuurlijk kapitaal te beschermen zouden het beste in de omgevingsvisie kunnen worden opgenomen; in dit instrument van de Omgevingswet leggen overheden hun doelen voor de omgeving vast. Duidelijke en concrete regels in de Omgevingswet zijn belangrijk omdat in een samenleving het natuurlijk kapitaal niet automatisch goed wordt beheerd. Dat komt doordat iedereen er vrijelijk gebruik van kan maken zonder ervoor te hoeven betalen. Ook zijn schadelijke effecten of de eindigheid van het natuurlijk kapitaal pas na een lange tijd merkbaar, zoals bij het gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen. Deze geleidelijke processen zijn niet of moeilijk terug te draaien. Om dit in goede banen te leiden, is het dus noodzakelijk tijdig maatregelen te nemen. Dit is ook van belang om aan internationale verplichtingen te voldoen, zoals het Klimaatakkoord van Parijs. Om duurzaam met het natuurlijk kapitaal om te kunnen gaan, hebben overheden voldoende informatie nodig over hun natuurlijk kapitaal, bijvoorbeeld om natuurlijk kapitaal in de omgevingsvisie op te nemen. Daarnaast biedt het overheden handvatten voor keuzes om hun grondgebied duurzaam(er) te beheren. Deze informatie is nu niet altijd gemakkelijk toegankelijk; de, Natural capital consists of all renewable and non-renewable resources and processes from the environment that provides products or services. It contributes to the welfare and prosperity of human beings, for example in the form of clean air, drinking water and food, but also by dunes that ensure that our country does not overflow. At present, the natural capital in the world is used in an unsustainable way, with resource scarcity, overfishing, soil depletion and climate change as a result. RIVM has investigated whether the new environmental and planning act introduces rules to use the natural capital sustainably. The new law offers the opportunity to pay attention to natural capital, but proposes few rules therefor. Objectives to sustain the natural capital can be included best in the 'Omgevingsvisie' (Environmental & Planning Vision) in which governments set their goals for the area. Clear and concrete rules in the environmental and planning act are important because the natural capital is not managed automatically well. That's because everyone can freely use it without having to pay for it. Also, adverse effects or the finite nature of natural capital are only noticeably after a long time, as in the use of fossil fuels. These gradual processes are difficult or impossible to reverse. Therefore it is necessary to take measures timely in order to manage the natural capital properly. This is also important in order to meet international obligations, such as the Climate Agreement of Paris. Governments need adequate information in order to manage their natural capital sustainably and include specific objectives in their Environmental & Planning Vision. In addition, good information offers the government direction to manage their territory sustainably. This information was not always easily accessible; the Atlas Natural Capital makes this information available now

Met 'natuurlijk kapitaal' wordt de waarde uitgedrukt die de natuur heeft voor de samenleving, zowel geldelijk als niet-geldelijk. Het draagt bij aan het welzijn en de welvaart van de mens, bijvoorbeeld in de vorm van schone lucht, drinkwater en voedsel, maar ook door duinen die ervoor zorgen dat ons land niet overstroomt. Op dit moment wordt niet duurzaam omgegaan met natuurlijk kapitaal in de wereld, met schaarste van grondstoffen, overbevissing, uitputting van de bodem en klimaatverandering als gevolg. Het RIVM heeft onderzocht of de nieuw in te voeren Omgevingswet regels stelt om duurzaam met natuurlijk kapitaal om te gaan. Deze wet blijkt overheden wel de mogelijkheid te bieden om aandacht te besteden aan natuurlijk kapitaal, maar stelt daarvoor weinig regels. Doelen om het natuurlijk kapitaal te beschermen zouden het beste in de omgevingsvisie kunnen worden opgenomen; in dit instrument van de Omgevingswet leggen overheden hun doelen voor de omgeving vast. Duidelijke en concrete regels in de Omgevingswet zijn belangrijk omdat in een samenleving het natuurlijk kapitaal niet automatisch goed wordt beheerd. Dat komt doordat iedereen er vrijelijk gebruik van kan maken zonder ervoor te hoeven betalen. Ook zijn schadelijke effecten of de eindigheid van het natuurlijk kapitaal pas na een lange tijd merkbaar, zoals bij het gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen. Deze geleidelijke processen zijn niet of moeilijk terug te draaien. Om dit in goede banen te leiden, is het dus noodzakelijk tijdig maatregelen te nemen. Dit is ook van belang om aan internationale verplichtingen te voldoen, zoals het Klimaatakkoord van Parijs. Om duurzaam met het natuurlijk kapitaal om te kunnen gaan, hebben overheden voldoende informatie nodig over hun natuurlijk kapitaal, bijvoorbeeld om natuurlijk kapitaal in de omgevingsvisie op te nemen. Daarnaast biedt het overheden handvatten voor keuzes om hun grondgebied duurzaam(er) te beheren. Deze informatie is nu niet altijd gemakkelijk toegankelijk; de, Natural capital consists of all renewable and non-renewable resources and processes from the environment that provides products or services. It contributes to the welfare and prosperity of human beings, for example in the form of clean air, drinking water and food, but also by dunes that ensure that our country does not overflow. At present, the natural capital in the world is used in an unsustainable way, with resource scarcity, overfishing, soil depletion and climate change as a result. RIVM has investigated whether the new environmental and planning act introduces rules to use the natural capital sustainably. The new law offers the opportunity to pay attention to natural capital, but proposes few rules therefor. Objectives to sustain the natural capital can be included best in the 'Omgevingsvisie' (Environmental & Planning Vision) in which governments set their goals for the area. Clear and concrete rules in the environmental and planning act are important because the natural capital is not managed automatically well. That's because everyone can freely use it without having to pay for it. Also, adverse effects or the finite nature of natural capital are only noticeably after a long time, as in the use of fossil fuels. These gradual processes are difficult or impossible to reverse. Therefore it is necessary to take measures timely in order to manage the natural capital properly. This is also important in order to meet international obligations, such as the Climate Agreement of Paris. Governments need adequate information in order to manage their natural capital sustainably and include specific objectives in their Environmental & Planning Vision. In addition, good information offers the government direction to manage their territory sustainably. This information was not always easily accessible; the Atlas Natural Capital makes this information available now

RIVM rapport:Met 'natuurlijk kapitaal' wordt de waarde uitgedrukt die de natuur heeft voor de samenleving, zowel geldelijk als niet-geldelijk. Het draagt bij aan het welzijn en de welvaart van de mens, bijvoorbeeld in de vorm van schone lucht, drinkwater en voedsel, maar ook door duinen die ervoor zorgen dat ons land niet overstroomt. Op dit moment wordt niet duurzaam omgegaan met natuurlijk kapitaal in de wereld, met schaarste van grondstoffen, overbevissing, uitputting van de bodem en klimaatverandering als gevolg. Het RIVM heeft onderzocht of de nieuw in te voeren Omgevingswet regels stelt om duurzaam met natuurlijk kapitaal om te gaan. Deze wet blijkt overheden wel de mogelijkheid te bieden om aandacht te besteden aan natuurlijk kapitaal, maar stelt daarvoor weinig regels. Doelen om het natuurlijk kapitaal te beschermen zouden het beste in de omgevingsvisie kunnen worden opgenomen; in dit instrument van de Omgevingswet leggen overheden hun doelen voor de omgeving vast. Duidelijke en concrete regels in de Omgevingswet zijn belangrijk omdat in een samenleving het natuurlijk kapitaal niet automatisch goed wordt beheerd. Dat komt doordat iedereen er vrijelijk gebruik van kan maken zonder ervoor te hoeven betalen. Ook zijn schadelijke effecten of de eindigheid van het natuurlijk kapitaal pas na een lange tijd merkbaar, zoals bij het gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen. Deze geleidelijke processen zijn niet of moeilijk terug te draaien. Om dit in goede banen te leiden, is het dus noodzakelijk tijdig maatregelen te nemen. Dit is ook van belang om aan internationale verplichtingen te voldoen, zoals het Klimaatakkoord van Parijs. Om duurzaam met het natuurlijk kapitaal om te kunnen gaan, hebben overheden voldoende informatie nodig over hun natuurlijk kapitaal, bijvoorbeeld om natuurlijk kapitaal in de omgevingsvisie op te nemen. Daarnaast biedt het overheden handvatten voor keuzes om hun grondgebied duurzaam(er) te beheren. Deze informatie is nu niet altijd gemakkelijk toegankelijk; de, Natural capital consists of all renewable and non-renewable resources and processes from the environment that provides products or services. It contributes to the welfare and prosperity of human beings, for example in the form of clean air, drinking water and food, but also by dunes that ensure that our country does not overflow. At present, the natural capital in the world is used in an unsustainable way, with resource scarcity, overfishing, soil depletion and climate change as a result. RIVM has investigated whether the new environmental and planning act introduces rules to use the natural capital sustainably. The new law offers the opportunity to pay attention to natural capital, but proposes few rules therefor. Objectives to sustain the natural capital can be included best in the 'Omgevingsvisie' (Environmental & Planning Vision) in which governments set their goals for the area. Clear and concrete rules in the environmental and planning act are important because the natural capital is not managed automatically well. That's because everyone can freely use it without having to pay for it. Also, adverse effects or the finite nature of natural capital are only noticeably after a long time, as in the use of fossil fuels. These gradual processes are difficult or impossible to reverse. Therefore it is necessary to take measures timely in order to manage the natural capital properly. This is also important in order to meet international obligations, such as the Climate Agreement of Paris. Governments need adequate information in order to manage their natural capital sustainably and include specific objectives in their Environmental & Planning Vision. In addition, good information offers the government direction to manage their territory sustainably. This information was not always easily accessible; the Atlas Natural Capital makes this information available now

Authenticity and integrity of digital information have been discussed extensively within the record management and archival sectors for several decades. The on-going projects and research in the area have resulted in an understanding of the potential problems when it comes to keeping authenticity in digital information. In recent years the blockchain technologies have gained attention as a potential solution to many of the problems associated with management and storage of digital records. The area of information security is getting more and more focused on preventing manipulation of existing data. The conclusions here is that blockchain technologies have potential to solve several problems associated with the management and storage of digital records. The archival sector can benefit from the use of blockchains to prevent time consuming and expensive work efforts to re-establish authenticity in digital information ones lost.

In an age of electronic networks and digital communities, the ability to access the world’s knowledge from anywhere, by anyone, at anytime is the new reality. With data growing at an exponential rate, questions of its physical manifestation in the socio-environment become inescapable. As digital networks grow and develop a mounting influence on our urban and social condition, it becomes critical to develop a platform from which a tangible relationship with data in the public realm can be accomplished. The Data Centre is an architectural typology that has recently emerged in response to the rapid consumption and production of digital information. While these data centers serve in driving global communication and economies, they operate as impenetrable objects without a common physical expression away from red and blue wires. Many adapt existing buildings and bunkers, occupy nondescript warehouses and are placed in remote sites for reasons of energy consumption and security. The current data centre typology blends in to urban contexts, sometimes disregarding humanised space entirely, justified as a response to operational constraints. The illegibility of this architectural strategy camouflages the physicalness of rapid digital data production and consumption. Giving data this ‘ghost’ like presence within the mechanisms of the modern world. This thesis proposes the need for an architectural response aware of the changing knowledge landscape, one that recognizes that the human condition in the digital environment requires more than just a sign to Silicon Valley. Calling for an architectural restructuring of the data centre, enacting a tangible interface in the pursuit to locate the human condition within the digital expanse.

The difficult economic situation that countries like Venezuela are experiencing has led researchers to resort more and more frequently to the use of digital information sources, due to the low costs that their use implies, as they do not have to photocopy the material, or buy magazines and books; which you can access online or purchase the digital version at a very low price., La difícil situación económica que experimentan países como Venezuela, ha propiciado que los investigadores recurran cada vez con mayor frecuencia a la utilización de fuentes de información digitales, debido a los bajos costos que implica su utilización, por no tener que fotocopiar el material, o comprar revistas y libros; a los cuales puede acceder en línea o adquirir la versión digital a muy bajo precio.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the long-term preservation challenges that the Swedish private archives are faced with. In as much as they offer a complement to the public archives and hence offer a nuanced national narrative, they lack both financial and human resources to effectively deal with the digital information management environment. Design/methodology/approach: Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to identify the challenges of long-term preservation together with the six private archives institutions that were involved in the collaboration. The collaboration was financially facilitated by the Södertörn University. PAR is defined as a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied, for the purposes of education and taking action or effecting social change. What is distinctive of PAR is the active involvement of people whose lives are affected by the phenomenon under study. Findings: The private archival institutions face long-term preservation challenges such as lack of a digital repository that would facilitate the capture, organization and management of digital records that are of different formats and in a dispersed environment. There are no stringent legal requirements to facilitate the creation and management of the records in a standardized way and the institutions fear that imposing such requirements might deter their clients from depositing archival materials with them. The institutions will also need to espouse the business-oriented archival descriptions where private organizations are concerned to identify relevant archival materials and to promote participatory archival descriptions that would allow the creators to tag their records with metadata. Digital information requires a proactive approach, that is, planning for the long-term preservation of the information before it is created. Private archives need to invest in education packages that will facilitate their clientel

The difficult economic situation that countries like Venezuela are experiencing has led researchers to resort more and more frequently to the use of digital information sources, due to the low costs that their use implies, as they do not have to photocopy the material, or buy magazines and books; which you can access online or purchase the digital version at a very low price., La difícil situación económica que experimentan países como Venezuela, ha propiciado que los investigadores recurran cada vez con mayor frecuencia a la utilización de fuentes de información digitales, debido a los bajos costos que implica su utilización, por no tener que fotocopiar el material, o comprar revistas y libros; a los cuales puede acceder en línea o adquirir la versión digital a muy bajo precio.

In an age of electronic networks and digital communities, the ability to access the world’s knowledge from anywhere, by anyone, at anytime is the new reality. With data growing at an exponential rate, questions of its physical manifestation in the socio-environment become inescapable. As digital networks grow and develop a mounting influence on our urban and social condition, it becomes critical to develop a platform from which a tangible relationship with data in the public realm can be accomplished. The Data Centre is an architectural typology that has recently emerged in response to the rapid consumption and production of digital information. While these data centers serve in driving global communication and economies, they operate as impenetrable objects without a common physical expression away from red and blue wires. Many adapt existing buildings and bunkers, occupy nondescript warehouses and are placed in remote sites for reasons of energy consumption and security. The current data centre typology blends in to urban contexts, sometimes disregarding humanised space entirely, justified as a response to operational constraints. The illegibility of this architectural strategy camouflages the physicalness of rapid digital data production and consumption. Giving data this ‘ghost’ like presence within the mechanisms of the modern world. This thesis proposes the need for an architectural response aware of the changing knowledge landscape, one that recognizes that the human condition in the digital environment requires more than just a sign to Silicon Valley. Calling for an architectural restructuring of the data centre, enacting a tangible interface in the pursuit to locate the human condition within the digital expanse.

In an age of electronic networks and digital communities, the ability to access the world’s knowledge from anywhere, by anyone, at anytime is the new reality. With data growing at an exponential rate, questions of its physical manifestation in the socio-environment become inescapable. As digital networks grow and develop a mounting influence on our urban and social condition, it becomes critical to develop a platform from which a tangible relationship with data in the public realm can be accomplished. The Data Centre is an architectural typology that has recently emerged in response to the rapid consumption and production of digital information. While these data centers serve in driving global communication and economies, they operate as impenetrable objects without a common physical expression away from red and blue wires. Many adapt existing buildings and bunkers, occupy nondescript warehouses and are placed in remote sites for reasons of energy consumption and security. The current data centre typology blends in to urban contexts, sometimes disregarding humanised space entirely, justified as a response to operational constraints. The illegibility of this architectural strategy camouflages the physicalness of rapid digital data production and consumption. Giving data this ‘ghost’ like presence within the mechanisms of the modern world. This thesis proposes the need for an architectural response aware of the changing knowledge landscape, one that recognizes that the human condition in the digital environment requires more than just a sign to Silicon Valley. Calling for an architectural restructuring of the data centre, enacting a tangible interface in the pursuit to locate the human condition within the digital expanse.

In an age of electronic networks and digital communities, the ability to access the world’s knowledge from anywhere, by anyone, at anytime is the new reality. With data growing at an exponential rate, questions of its physical manifestation in the socio-environment become inescapable. As digital networks grow and develop a mounting influence on our urban and social condition, it becomes critical to develop a platform from which a tangible relationship with data in the public realm can be accomplished. The Data Centre is an architectural typology that has recently emerged in response to the rapid consumption and production of digital information. While these data centers serve in driving global communication and economies, they operate as impenetrable objects without a common physical expression away from red and blue wires. Many adapt existing buildings and bunkers, occupy nondescript warehouses and are placed in remote sites for reasons of energy consumption and security. The current data centre typology blends in to urban contexts, sometimes disregarding humanised space entirely, justified as a response to operational constraints. The illegibility of this architectural strategy camouflages the physicalness of rapid digital data production and consumption. Giving data this ‘ghost’ like presence within the mechanisms of the modern world. This thesis proposes the need for an architectural response aware of the changing knowledge landscape, one that recognizes that the human condition in the digital environment requires more than just a sign to Silicon Valley. Calling for an architectural restructuring of the data centre, enacting a tangible interface in the pursuit to locate the human condition within the digital expanse.

In an age of electronic networks and digital communities, the ability to access the world’s knowledge from anywhere, by anyone, at anytime is the new reality. With data growing at an exponential rate, questions of its physical manifestation in the socio-environment become inescapable. As digital networks grow and develop a mounting influence on our urban and social condition, it becomes critical to develop a platform from which a tangible relationship with data in the public realm can be accomplished. The Data Centre is an architectural typology that has recently emerged in response to the rapid consumption and production of digital information. While these data centers serve in driving global communication and economies, they operate as impenetrable objects without a common physical expression away from red and blue wires. Many adapt existing buildings and bunkers, occupy nondescript warehouses and are placed in remote sites for reasons of energy consumption and security. The current data centre typology blends in to urban contexts, sometimes disregarding humanised space entirely, justified as a response to operational constraints. The illegibility of this architectural strategy camouflages the physicalness of rapid digital data production and consumption. Giving data this ‘ghost’ like presence within the mechanisms of the modern world. This thesis proposes the need for an architectural response aware of the changing knowledge landscape, one that recognizes that the human condition in the digital environment requires more than just a sign to Silicon Valley. Calling for an architectural restructuring of the data centre, enacting a tangible interface in the pursuit to locate the human condition within the digital expanse.

RIVM rapport:Met 'natuurlijk kapitaal' wordt de waarde uitgedrukt die de natuur heeft voor de samenleving, zowel geldelijk als niet-geldelijk. Het draagt bij aan het welzijn en de welvaart van de mens, bijvoorbeeld in de vorm van schone lucht, drinkwater en voedsel, maar ook door duinen die ervoor zorgen dat ons land niet overstroomt. Op dit moment wordt niet duurzaam omgegaan met natuurlijk kapitaal in de wereld, met schaarste van grondstoffen, overbevissing, uitputting van de bodem en klimaatverandering als gevolg. Het RIVM heeft onderzocht of de nieuw in te voeren Omgevingswet regels stelt om duurzaam met natuurlijk kapitaal om te gaan. Deze wet blijkt overheden wel de mogelijkheid te bieden om aandacht te besteden aan natuurlijk kapitaal, maar stelt daarvoor weinig regels. Doelen om het natuurlijk kapitaal te beschermen zouden het beste in de omgevingsvisie kunnen worden opgenomen; in dit instrument van de Omgevingswet leggen overheden hun doelen voor de omgeving vast. Duidelijke en concrete regels in de Omgevingswet zijn belangrijk omdat in een samenleving het natuurlijk kapitaal niet automatisch goed wordt beheerd. Dat komt doordat iedereen er vrijelijk gebruik van kan maken zonder ervoor te hoeven betalen. Ook zijn schadelijke effecten of de eindigheid van het natuurlijk kapitaal pas na een lange tijd merkbaar, zoals bij het gebruik van fossiele brandstoffen. Deze geleidelijke processen zijn niet of moeilijk terug te draaien. Om dit in goede banen te leiden, is het dus noodzakelijk tijdig maatregelen te nemen. Dit is ook van belang om aan internationale verplichtingen te voldoen, zoals het Klimaatakkoord van Parijs. Om duurzaam met het natuurlijk kapitaal om te kunnen gaan, hebben overheden voldoende informatie nodig over hun natuurlijk kapitaal, bijvoorbeeld om natuurlijk kapitaal in de omgevingsvisie op te nemen. Daarnaast biedt het overheden handvatten voor keuzes om hun grondgebied duurzaam(er) te beheren. Deze informatie is nu niet altijd gemakkelijk toegankelijk; de, Natural capital consists of all renewable and non-renewable resources and processes from the environment that provides products or services. It contributes to the welfare and prosperity of human beings, for example in the form of clean air, drinking water and food, but also by dunes that ensure that our country does not overflow. At present, the natural capital in the world is used in an unsustainable way, with resource scarcity, overfishing, soil depletion and climate change as a result. RIVM has investigated whether the new environmental and planning act introduces rules to use the natural capital sustainably. The new law offers the opportunity to pay attention to natural capital, but proposes few rules therefor. Objectives to sustain the natural capital can be included best in the 'Omgevingsvisie' (Environmental & Planning Vision) in which governments set their goals for the area. Clear and concrete rules in the environmental and planning act are important because the natural capital is not managed automatically well. That's because everyone can freely use it without having to pay for it. Also, adverse effects or the finite nature of natural capital are only noticeably after a long time, as in the use of fossil fuels. These gradual processes are difficult or impossible to reverse. Therefore it is necessary to take measures timely in order to manage the natural capital properly. This is also important in order to meet international obligations, such as the Climate Agreement of Paris. Governments need adequate information in order to manage their natural capital sustainably and include specific objectives in their Environmental & Planning Vision. In addition, good information offers the government direction to manage their territory sustainably. This information was not always easily accessible; the Atlas Natural Capital makes this information available now

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the long-term preservation challenges that the Swedish private archives are faced with. In as much as they offer a complement to the public archives and hence offer a nuanced national narrative, they lack both financial and human resources to effectively deal with the digital information management environment. Design/methodology/approach: Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to identify the challenges of long-term preservation together with the six private archives institutions that were involved in the collaboration. The collaboration was financially facilitated by the Södertörn University. PAR is defined as a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied, for the purposes of education and taking action or effecting social change. What is distinctive of PAR is the active involvement of people whose lives are affected by the phenomenon under study. Findings: The private archival institutions face long-term preservation challenges such as lack of a digital repository that would facilitate the capture, organization and management of digital records that are of different formats and in a dispersed environment. There are no stringent legal requirements to facilitate the creation and management of the records in a standardized way and the institutions fear that imposing such requirements might deter their clients from depositing archival materials with them. The institutions will also need to espouse the business-oriented archival descriptions where private organizations are concerned to identify relevant archival materials and to promote participatory archival descriptions that would allow the creators to tag their records with metadata. Digital information requires a proactive approach, that is, planning for the long-term preservation of the information before it is created. Private archives need to invest in education packages that will facilitate their clientel

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the long-term preservation challenges that the Swedish private archives are faced with. In as much as they offer a complement to the public archives and hence offer a nuanced national narrative, they lack both financial and human resources to effectively deal with the digital information management environment. Design/methodology/approach: Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to identify the challenges of long-term preservation together with the six private archives institutions that were involved in the collaboration. The collaboration was financially facilitated by the Södertörn University. PAR is defined as a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied, for the purposes of education and taking action or effecting social change. What is distinctive of PAR is the active involvement of people whose lives are affected by the phenomenon under study. Findings: The private archival institutions face long-term preservation challenges such as lack of a digital repository that would facilitate the capture, organization and management of digital records that are of different formats and in a dispersed environment. There are no stringent legal requirements to facilitate the creation and management of the records in a standardized way and the institutions fear that imposing such requirements might deter their clients from depositing archival materials with them. The institutions will also need to espouse the business-oriented archival descriptions where private organizations are concerned to identify relevant archival materials and to promote participatory archival descriptions that would allow the creators to tag their records with metadata. Digital information requires a proactive approach, that is, planning for the long-term preservation of the information before it is created. Private archives need to invest in education packages that will facilitate their clientel

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the long-term preservation challenges that the Swedish private archives are faced with. In as much as they offer a complement to the public archives and hence offer a nuanced national narrative, they lack both financial and human resources to effectively deal with the digital information management environment. Design/methodology/approach: Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to identify the challenges of long-term preservation together with the six private archives institutions that were involved in the collaboration. The collaboration was financially facilitated by the Södertörn University. PAR is defined as a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied, for the purposes of education and taking action or effecting social change. What is distinctive of PAR is the active involvement of people whose lives are affected by the phenomenon under study. Findings: The private archival institutions face long-term preservation challenges such as lack of a digital repository that would facilitate the capture, organization and management of digital records that are of different formats and in a dispersed environment. There are no stringent legal requirements to facilitate the creation and management of the records in a standardized way and the institutions fear that imposing such requirements might deter their clients from depositing archival materials with them. The institutions will also need to espouse the business-oriented archival descriptions where private organizations are concerned to identify relevant archival materials and to promote participatory archival descriptions that would allow the creators to tag their records with metadata. Digital information requires a proactive approach, that is, planning for the long-term preservation of the information before it is created. Private archives need to invest in education packages that will facilitate their clientel

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the long-term preservation challenges that the Swedish private archives are faced with. In as much as they offer a complement to the public archives and hence offer a nuanced national narrative, they lack both financial and human resources to effectively deal with the digital information management environment. Design/methodology/approach: Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to identify the challenges of long-term preservation together with the six private archives institutions that were involved in the collaboration. The collaboration was financially facilitated by the Södertörn University. PAR is defined as a systematic investigation, with the collaboration of those affected by the issue being studied, for the purposes of education and taking action or effecting social change. What is distinctive of PAR is the active involvement of people whose lives are affected by the phenomenon under study. Findings: The private archival institutions face long-term preservation challenges such as lack of a digital repository that would facilitate the capture, organization and management of digital records that are of different formats and in a dispersed environment. There are no stringent legal requirements to facilitate the creation and management of the records in a standardized way and the institutions fear that imposing such requirements might deter their clients from depositing archival materials with them. The institutions will also need to espouse the business-oriented archival descriptions where private organizations are concerned to identify relevant archival materials and to promote participatory archival descriptions that would allow the creators to tag their records with metadata. Digital information requires a proactive approach, that is, planning for the long-term preservation of the information before it is created. Private archives need to invest in education packages that will facilitate their clientel