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This work received external funding from Healthcare-AB Biotek HNH. The authors declare that no other funds, grants, or other forms of support were received during the preparation of this manuscript., Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent, and their treatment is mainly focused on the control of symptoms. Histamine intolerance (HIT) has been related to a variety of systemic symptoms. DAO deficiency has been identified as a significant factor contributing to histamine intolerance (HIT). Preclinical evidence indicates the involvement of histamine in the lower urinary tract. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of diamine oxidase deficiency (DAO) in a prospective cohort of 100 patients with at least moderate LUTS. A genetic study of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (c.-691G>T, c.47C>T, c.995C>T, and c.1990C>G) was performed. HIT was found in 85.9% of patients. The prevalence of at least one minor allele in the SNPs analyzed was 88%, without gender differences. Storage symptoms were more intense in the presence of HIT as well as asthenia and neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms. The presence of minor alleles of the AOC1 gene was associated with a higher intensity of symptoms. Minor alleles from c.-691G>T and c.47C>T SNPs were also associated with a greater severity of obstructive symptoms. Thirty-one percent of patients presented the four SNPS with at least one associated minor allele. The relationship between HIT and LUTS in a mixed population of men and women found in this study supports further investigations to define the pathophysiology of histamine in LUTS., Los síntomas del tracto urinario inferior (STUI) son muy prevalentes y su tratamiento se centra principalmente en el control de los síntomas. La intolerancia a la histamina (HIT) se ha relacionado con diversos síntomas sistémicos. La deficiencia de DAO se ha identificado como un factor importante que contribuye a la intolerancia a la histamina (HIT). Las pruebas preclínicas indican la implicación de la histamina en el tracto urinario inferior. tracto urinario inferior. El objetivo de este estudio era evaluar la prevalencia del déficit de diaminooxidasa (DAO) en una cohorte prospectiva de 100 pacientes con STUI al menos moderados. Se realizó un estudio genético de cuatro polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNP) (c.-691G>T, c.47C>T, c.995C>T y c.1990C>G). Se detectó TIH en el 85,9% de los pacientes. La prevalencia de al menos un alelo menor en los SNP analizados fue del 88%, sin diferencias de género. Los síntomas de almacenamiento fueron más intensos en presencia de HIT, así como así como la astenia y los síntomas neurológicos y musculoesqueléticos. La presencia de alelos menores del del gen AOC1 se asoció a una mayor intensidad de los síntomas. Los alelos menores de c.-691G>T y c.47C>T SNPs también se asociaron con una mayor intensidad de los síntomas obstructivos. Treinta y uno por ciento de los pacientes presentaban los cuatro SNPS con al menos un alelo menor asociado. La relación entre HIT y STUI en una población mixta de hombres y mujeres hallada en este estudio respalda para definir la fisiopatología de la histamina en los STUI., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

type:Article, The aim of the present study was to investigate whether abnormalities in plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity reflect the degree of intestinal mucosal disorder in calves with diarrhea. A total of 50 Holstein calves were enrolled. Thirty-six of the 50 calves presented diarrhea and were sub-classified by severity based on fecal status (0: firm, 1: pasty, 2: loose, and 3: watery) and blood pH (acidemia: blood pH <7.25) as follows: Seventeen calves exhibiting watery diarrhea and/or fall into acidemia were sub-categorized into the severe group. The other nineteen calves exhibiting pasty or loose diarrhea and not fall into acidemia were sub-categorized into the moderate group. The remaining 14 calves without diarrhea were assigned to the control group. The plasma DAO activity was significantly lower (p < .01) in the calves with severe or moderate diarrhea than in the control group. In addition, the plasma DAO activity was significantly lower (p < .05) in the severe group than in the moderate group. The relationship between plasma DAO activity and fecal score (r = −0.55, p < .01) in calves with diarrhea were found to have significantly and negatively correlated by Spearman's rank test in this study. Our results suggested that plasma DAO activity reflect the degree of intestinal mucosal disorder due to diarrhea.

Unlike in flowering plants, the detailed roles of the enzymes in the polyamine (PA) pathway in conifers are poorly known. We explored the sequence conservation of the PA biosynthetic genes and diamine oxidase (DAO) in conifers and flowering plants to reveal the potential functional diversification of the enzymes between the plant lineages. The expression of the genes showing different selective constraints was studied in Scots pine zygotic embryogenesis and early seedling development. We found that the arginine decarboxylase pathway is strongly preferred in putrescine production in the Scots pine as well as generally in conifers and that the reduced use of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) has led to relaxed purifying selection in ODC genes. Thermospermine synthase (ACL5) genes evolve under strong purifying selection in conifers and the DAO gene is also highly conserved in pines. In developing Scots pine seeds, the expression of both ACL5 and DAO increased as embryogenesis proceeded. Strong ACL5 expression was present in the procambial cells of the embryo and in the megagametophyte cells destined to die via morphologically necrotic cell death. Thus, the high sequence conservation of ACL5 genes in conifers may indicate the necessity of ACL5 for both embryogenesis and vascular development. Moreover, the result suggests the involvement of ACL5 in morphologically necrotic cell death and supports the view of the genetic regulation of necrosis in Scots pine embryogenesis and in plant development. DAO transcripts were located close to the cell walls and between the walls of adjacent cells in Scots pine zygotic embryos and in the roots of young seedlings. We propose that DAO, in addition to the role in Put oxidation for providing H₂O₂ during the cell-wall structural processes, may also participate in cell-to-cell communication at the mRNA level. To conclude, our findings indicate that the PA pathway of Scots pines possesses several special functional characteristics wh

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is the main histamine metabolizing enzyme performing its function extracellularly. Its activity can be affected by multiple factors like the presence of enzyme inhibitors, lack of enzyme cofactors or existing intestinal damage. Low DAO activity can lead to histamine accumulation in the organism that may cause detrimental histamine-mediated allergy-like symptoms. Histaminosis describes this state of imbalance between histamine and the capacity of histamine metabolizing enzymes to reduce histamine levels. DAO belongs to the family of copper-containing amine oxidases (AOCs) and is encoded by the AOC1 gene. DAO is expressed mainly by kidney and intestinal epithelial cells. High levels of DAO can be detected in placenta during pregnancy. Eosinophils, Neutrophils and Platelets have been reported to possess histaminase activity, though only very few studies have researched this more. Other AOCs belonging to this family are Retina specific amine oxidase encoded by AOC2 gene and Vascular adhesion protein encoded by AOC3. It is unknown whether the native form of these proteins can metabolize histamine as well and therefore could be contributing to histaminase activity in the circulation as well. In this study we challenged previous findings and tested the presence of AOC1, AOC2 and AOC3 on mRNA and protein levels in the blood, zooming in on different blood cell types step by step. We also analyzed plasma and serum DAO concentrations from various donors and analyzed DAO activity in Platelets. Analysis of DAO concentration is serum and plasma showed that, when the blood was drawn into heparin blood tubes, DAO levels from the same individual were twice as higher as when the blood was drawn into EDTA or serum tubes. We also demonstrated that AOC1 mRNA was mainly contained in Granulocytes, particularly in Eosinophils. Protein analysis showed that Platelets seemed to comprise large amounts of DAO. mRNA analysis of AOC2 and AOC3 demonstrated

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is the main histamine metabolizing enzyme performing its function extracellularly. Its activity can be affected by multiple factors like the presence of enzyme inhibitors, lack of enzyme cofactors or existing intestinal damage. Low DAO activity can lead to histamine accumulation in the organism that may cause detrimental histamine-mediated allergy-like symptoms. Histaminosis describes this state of imbalance between histamine and the capacity of histamine metabolizing enzymes to reduce histamine levels. DAO belongs to the family of copper-containing amine oxidases (AOCs) and is encoded by the AOC1 gene. DAO is expressed mainly by kidney and intestinal epithelial cells. High levels of DAO can be detected in placenta during pregnancy. Eosinophils, Neutrophils and Platelets have been reported to possess histaminase activity, though only very few studies have researched this more. Other AOCs belonging to this family are Retina specific amine oxidase encoded by AOC2 gene and Vascular adhesion protein encoded by AOC3. It is unknown whether the native form of these proteins can metabolize histamine as well and therefore could be contributing to histaminase activity in the circulation as well. In this study we challenged previous findings and tested the presence of AOC1, AOC2 and AOC3 on mRNA and protein levels in the blood, zooming in on different blood cell types step by step. We also analyzed plasma and serum DAO concentrations from various donors and analyzed DAO activity in Platelets. Analysis of DAO concentration is serum and plasma showed that, when the blood was drawn into heparin blood tubes, DAO levels from the same individual were twice as higher as when the blood was drawn into EDTA or serum tubes. We also demonstrated that AOC1 mRNA was mainly contained in Granulocytes, particularly in Eosinophils. Protein analysis showed that Platelets seemed to comprise large amounts of DAO. mRNA analysis of AOC2 and AOC3 demonstrated

Metformin, an established first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects that limit its use. Histamine and serotonin have potent effects on the GI tract. The effects of metformin on histamine and serotonin uptake were evaluated in cell lines overexpressing several amine transporters (OCT1, OCT3 and SERT). Metformin inhibited histamine and serotonin uptake by OCT1, OCT3 and SERT in a dose-dependent manner, with OCT1-mediated amine uptake being most potently inhibited (IC50 = 1.5 mM). A chemoinformatics-based method known as Similarity Ensemble Approach predicted diamine oxidase (DAO) as an additional intestinal target of metformin, with an E-value of 7.4 × 10(-5). Inhibition of DAO was experimentally validated using a spectrophotometric assay with putrescine as the substrate. The Ki of metformin for DAO was measured to be 8.6 ± 3.1 mM. In this study, we found that metformin inhibited intestinal amine transporters and DAO at concentrations that may be achieved in the intestine after therapeutic doses. Further studies are warranted to determine the relevance of these interactions to the adverse effects of metformin on the gastrointestinal tract.

N-methylputrescine oxidase (MPO) is a member of the diamine oxidase (DAO) class of enzymes believed to be responsible for synthesis of the alkaloid nicotine in the roots of Nicotiana tabacum (Mizusaki et al., 1972). A purportedly pure MPO protein from tobacco root culture extracts was used to generate immune antiserum in rabbits (McLauchlan et al., 1993). In an attempt to clone a cDNA encoding MPO, we used this antiserum to screen a tobacco cDNA expression library. Unexpectedly, two previously unreported genes with strong homology to members of a gene family encoding S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) in N. sylvestris and a gene encoding SAHH in N. tabacum were cloned instead. SAHH is an enzyme of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) recycling pathway, which also includes SAM synthetase (SAMS) and methionine synthase (MS). These results led to the hypothesis of a multi-enzyme complex, or metabolon, of at least one member of the nicotine biosynthesis pathway, i.e., MPO, and at least one member of the SAM recycling pathway, i.e., SAHH, during nicotine biosynthesis. Metabolons are stable noncovalent complexes in cells that ensure sufficient passage of the product of one enzyme reaction to the next enzyme in the pathway via a "channel" without equilibrating with the bulk solution (Ovádi, 1991). My research employed co-immunoprecipitation studies to determine if other SAM recycling enzymes are associated in a complex with MPO and SAHH, as well as Northern and Western blot analyses to determine if the genes encoding SAM recycling pathway enzymes are coordinately regulated during nicotine biosynthesis. Our results indicate that nicotine biosynthesis-inducing conditions result in differential mRNA accumulation patterns of the three enzymes of the SAM recycling pathway, although to different extents. However, protein levels of SAM recycling pathway members do not appear to reflect the differential mRNA accumulation patterns. We have firmly established an association of SAHH

In workers engaged in the preparation of antibiotics who had complained of allergic reactions, a decrease of the histamine-pectic index and an increase in the activity of the diamine oxidase of the blood serum was noted. Persons in whom a lowering in the histamine-pectic index is noted must not be accepted for work which is connected with the dust of antibiotics. The increase in the level of the enzymes which destroy histamine in the blood serum is a compensator reaction to an increase in free histamine, and a lowering of this indicator below normal is a poor prognostic sign., Edited machine trans. of mono. Aktualnye Voprosy Gigieny Truda i Professionalnoi Patologii Materialy Konferentsii, Riga, 1968 p195-198, by Charles T. Ostertag, Jr.

Partial Contents: The mast cell granule: A phospholipid source for prostaglandin synthesis; Research issues for radiation protection for man during prolonged spaceflight; Quantification of gut injury with diamine oxidase activity; Development of a fission neutron RBE and measurements with combined injury in mouse models; Rat monocytes in a model of combined injury express the OX8 antigen; Involvement of histamine H1 and H2 receptors in hypothermia induced by ionizing radiation in guinea pigs; Locomotor behavior in mice following exposure to fission-neutron irradiation and trauma; Alterations in locomotor activity induced by radioprotective doses of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2; Fetal hypothalamic brain grafts reduce the obesity produced by ventromedial hypothalamic lesions; The rhesus monkey: A primate model for hemopoietic stem cell studies; Interdependence of the radioprotective effects of human recombinant interleukin 1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and murine recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Radiation-induced hematologic and nonspecific immunologic effects in the canine., Includes rept. nos. AFRRI-SR87-34 through AFRRI-SR87-49 and AFRRI-TR87-1.

The enzyme benzylamine oxidase of pig plasma was purified and some of the properties of the pure preparation were studied. The purification procedure included several precipitations with ammonium sulphate and separations of proteins by column chromatography, first on DEAEcellulose, followed by DEAE-Sephadex and lastly on a hydroxy-apatite column. Crystals were prepared from solutions of the purified enzyme by adding ammonium sulphate. The crystalline preparation was homogeneous when studied by starch-gel electrophoresis and by ultracentrifugation. The molecular weight, as determined on the analytical ultracentrifuge, was 195000. The copper content of the enzyme, as determined by radioactivation analysis, was about four atoms of Cu per molecule of enzyme. Concentrated solutions of the enzyme had a pink colour; the colour disappeared when substrate (benzylamine) was added under anaerobic conditions. The amines which were tested and found to be oxidized by the pure enzyme were: benzylamine, histamine, mescaline and 4-picolylamine. The affinity of the enzyme for benzylamine was more than one hundred times that for histamine. (Author), Pub. in Proceedings of the Royal Society v161 (SerB) p153-67 1964 (Copies available only to DDC users).