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What factors shape individuals' decisions to stay or migrate in the presence of climate change? We study how the relationship between different types of climate events and migration is moderated by individual and household characteristics pertaining to the adaptive capacity of affected individuals. Empirically, we employ survey data from five developing countries (Cambodia, Nicaragua, Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam) that include both migrants and non-migrants. The empirical results caution against sweeping predictions that future climate-relate events will be accompanied by widespread migration. Rather, the findings provide indicative evidence for immobility on the part of certain groups: less-educated and poor individuals are less likely to migrate and often stay in situ even in the presence of severe short-term climate events., + ID der Publikation: unilu_56486 + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-05-11 16:15:47

What factors shape individuals' decisions to stay or migrate in the presence of climate change? We study how the relationship between different types of climate events and migration is moderated by individual and household characteristics pertaining to the adaptive capacity of affected individuals. Empirically, we employ survey data from five developing countries (Cambodia, Nicaragua, Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam) that include both migrants and non-migrants. The empirical results caution against sweeping predictions that future climate-relate events will be accompanied by widespread migration. Rather, the findings provide indicative evidence for immobility on the part of certain groups: less-educated and poor individuals are less likely to migrate and often stay in situ even in the presence of severe short-term climate events., + ID der Publikation: unilu_56486 + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-05-11 16:15:47

What factors shape individuals' decisions to stay or migrate in the presence of climate change? We study how the relationship between different types of climate events and migration is moderated by individual and household characteristics pertaining to the adaptive capacity of affected individuals. Empirically, we employ survey data from five developing countries (Cambodia, Nicaragua, Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam) that include both migrants and non-migrants. The empirical results caution against sweeping predictions that future climate-relate events will be accompanied by widespread migration. Rather, the findings provide indicative evidence for immobility on the part of certain groups: less-educated and poor individuals are less likely to migrate and often stay in situ even in the presence of severe short-term climate events., + ID der Publikation: unilu_56486 + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-05-11 16:15:47

Non-PR, IFPRI1; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; Papua New Guinea Food Policy Strengthening; Capacity Strengthening; ReSAKSS Asia, DSGD, Papua New Guinea continues to encourage a policy focus on food and nutrition security. The PNG National Nutrition Policy (2016-2026) and Nutrition Strategic Action Plan (2018-2022) (NSAP) set a path to improve coordination, secure sufficient funding, and improve technical capacity of nutrition-focused pro gram implementation. As policy prioritizes improved nutrition outcomes, it is important to understand the cost that households face of securing a higher level of nutrition. Ensuring a healthy diet that meets nutrition standards is relatively expensive in PNG. The analysis presented in this paper, which uses detailed household food and non-food consumption data suggests that 4/5 of households in the survey sample live below the healthy diet poverty line (which sets a calorie threshold and defines healthy diet nutrition targets). That is, these households do not have the income available (or do not consume sufficient food and non-food goods) to meet their basic needs which includes securing a nutritious diet that meets food based die tary guidelines.

What factors shape individuals' decisions to stay or migrate in the presence of climate change? We study how the relationship between different types of climate events and migration is moderated by individual and household characteristics pertaining to the adaptive capacity of affected individuals. Empirically, we employ survey data from five developing countries (Cambodia, Nicaragua, Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam) that include both migrants and non-migrants. The empirical results caution against sweeping predictions that future climate-relate events will be accompanied by widespread migration. Rather, the findings provide indicative evidence for immobility on the part of certain groups: less-educated and poor individuals are less likely to migrate and often stay in situ even in the presence of severe short-term climate events., + ID der Publikation: unilu_56486 + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-05-11 16:15:47

What factors shape individuals' decisions to stay or migrate in the presence of climate change? We study how the relationship between different types of climate events and migration is moderated by individual and household characteristics pertaining to the adaptive capacity of affected individuals. Empirically, we employ survey data from five developing countries (Cambodia, Nicaragua, Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam) that include both migrants and non-migrants. The empirical results caution against sweeping predictions that future climate-relate events will be accompanied by widespread migration. Rather, the findings provide indicative evidence for immobility on the part of certain groups: less-educated and poor individuals are less likely to migrate and often stay in situ even in the presence of severe short-term climate events., + ID der Publikation: unilu_56486 + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-05-11 16:15:47

What factors shape individuals' decisions to stay or migrate in the presence of climate change? We study how the relationship between different types of climate events and migration is moderated by individual and household characteristics pertaining to the adaptive capacity of affected individuals. Empirically, we employ survey data from five developing countries (Cambodia, Nicaragua, Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam) that include both migrants and non-migrants. The empirical results caution against sweeping predictions that future climate-relate events will be accompanied by widespread migration. Rather, the findings provide indicative evidence for immobility on the part of certain groups: less-educated and poor individuals are less likely to migrate and often stay in situ even in the presence of severe short-term climate events., + ID der Publikation: unilu_56486 + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-05-11 16:15:47

[EN] This Final Master's Work is named ¿Regeneration basic project in Pudrimel beach (T.M. San Javier, Murcia)¿. It expects to study the current trouble in Pudrimel beach. The problem due to a high degree deterioration into the aesthetics of a balanced coast caused by the coastal processes. Besides, this represents a potential risk of partial or total disappearance for La Manga del Mar Menor. We have studied the different climate events, especially swell and the beach¿s coastal dynamics to raise awareness of the real problematic. The project analyses the evolution of the coast and studies several alternatives for the regeneration and sustainability of the beach with the objective to reduce or eliminate the explained risk. After multi-criteria analysis we selected the design and calculus for a mixed solution consists of coastal defence works. They are two types of soft defence works: one of them is the artificial regeneration of the beach with a predeterminate width (45 meters); the other one is the building of a ridge of dunes for complete the profile of the beach and guarantee his correct work. The hard defence work is the installation of three breakwaters separated and parallel from the coastal orientation. Eventually, we will work into terrestrial and marine environment so is really relevant the environmental care. Consequently, the project contains an Environmental Impact Study (EIS) where we identify all the possible impacts (positive or negative) next valuate them and finally establish a number of measures to minimize the negative impacts. Anyway, it includes an Environmental Vigilance Plan (EVP) that assures the compliance of the measures. All in all, we can determinate the environment viability for the project., [ES] El presente Trabajo Final de Máster contiene los documentos propios de un Proyecto Básico (Memoria y Anejos, Planos, Presupuesto y Estudio de Impacto Ambiental) en los que se pretende abordar la problemática existente en la playa del Pudrimel (T.M. de San Javier, Murcia) debida a los procesos litorales que van deteriorando la costa y suponen un riesgo potencial de desaparición total o parcial para La Manga del Mar Menor. Para conocer en detalle dicha situación se estudian los distintos fenómenos correspondientes a clima marítimo, principalmente el oleaje, y también se estudia la dinámica litoral del tramo seleccionado. Con el objetivo de reducir o evitar el riesgo mencionado, así como de paliar las consecuencias derivadas del mismo se ha analizado su evolución y estudiado distintas alternativas para su regeneración y sostenibilidad. Tras un análisis multicriterio se opta por el diseño y cálculo de una solución mixta formada por distintas obras costeras, concretamente, dos tipos de obras blandas como la regeneración artificial de la playa seca buscando un ancho predeterminado y la ejecución de un cordón dunar que complete el perfil de la playa y garantice su correcta funcionalidad y un tipo de obras duras, formadas por tres diques exentos paralelos a la línea de costa para modificar los procesos morfodinámicos del oleaje y la morfología de la costa en la que la sedimentación y la regeneración terminarán dando lugar a hemitómbolos, así también se aumentará la superficie de la misma. Por último, al tratarse de una obra que involucra entornos marítimos y terrestres, requiere especial atención el medio ambiente y el impacto sobre el mismo. Por ello, se desarrolla un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), en el que se hace inventario y se identifican los distintos impactos ambientales, positivos o negativos, que pasarán a valorarse y clasificar para poder saber si el proyecto resulta viable para el medioambiente. En cualquier caso, se aportan las medidas correctoras y p

[EN] This Final Master's Work is named ¿Regeneration basic project in Pudrimel beach (T.M. San Javier, Murcia)¿. It expects to study the current trouble in Pudrimel beach. The problem due to a high degree deterioration into the aesthetics of a balanced coast caused by the coastal processes. Besides, this represents a potential risk of partial or total disappearance for La Manga del Mar Menor. We have studied the different climate events, especially swell and the beach¿s coastal dynamics to raise awareness of the real problematic. The project analyses the evolution of the coast and studies several alternatives for the regeneration and sustainability of the beach with the objective to reduce or eliminate the explained risk. After multi-criteria analysis we selected the design and calculus for a mixed solution consists of coastal defence works. They are two types of soft defence works: one of them is the artificial regeneration of the beach with a predeterminate width (45 meters); the other one is the building of a ridge of dunes for complete the profile of the beach and guarantee his correct work. The hard defence work is the installation of three breakwaters separated and parallel from the coastal orientation. Eventually, we will work into terrestrial and marine environment so is really relevant the environmental care. Consequently, the project contains an Environmental Impact Study (EIS) where we identify all the possible impacts (positive or negative) next valuate them and finally establish a number of measures to minimize the negative impacts. Anyway, it includes an Environmental Vigilance Plan (EVP) that assures the compliance of the measures. All in all, we can determinate the environment viability for the project., [ES] El presente Trabajo Final de Máster contiene los documentos propios de un Proyecto Básico (Memoria y Anejos, Planos, Presupuesto y Estudio de Impacto Ambiental) en los que se pretende abordar la problemática existente en la playa del Pudrimel (T.M. de San Javier, Murcia) debida a los procesos litorales que van deteriorando la costa y suponen un riesgo potencial de desaparición total o parcial para La Manga del Mar Menor. Para conocer en detalle dicha situación se estudian los distintos fenómenos correspondientes a clima marítimo, principalmente el oleaje, y también se estudia la dinámica litoral del tramo seleccionado. Con el objetivo de reducir o evitar el riesgo mencionado, así como de paliar las consecuencias derivadas del mismo se ha analizado su evolución y estudiado distintas alternativas para su regeneración y sostenibilidad. Tras un análisis multicriterio se opta por el diseño y cálculo de una solución mixta formada por distintas obras costeras, concretamente, dos tipos de obras blandas como la regeneración artificial de la playa seca buscando un ancho predeterminado y la ejecución de un cordón dunar que complete el perfil de la playa y garantice su correcta funcionalidad y un tipo de obras duras, formadas por tres diques exentos paralelos a la línea de costa para modificar los procesos morfodinámicos del oleaje y la morfología de la costa en la que la sedimentación y la regeneración terminarán dando lugar a hemitómbolos, así también se aumentará la superficie de la misma. Por último, al tratarse de una obra que involucra entornos marítimos y terrestres, requiere especial atención el medio ambiente y el impacto sobre el mismo. Por ello, se desarrolla un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), en el que se hace inventario y se identifican los distintos impactos ambientales, positivos o negativos, que pasarán a valorarse y clasificar para poder saber si el proyecto resulta viable para el medioambiente. En cualquier caso, se aportan las medidas correctoras y p

[EN] This Final Master's Work is named ¿Regeneration basic project in Pudrimel beach (T.M. San Javier, Murcia)¿. It expects to study the current trouble in Pudrimel beach. The problem due to a high degree deterioration into the aesthetics of a balanced coast caused by the coastal processes. Besides, this represents a potential risk of partial or total disappearance for La Manga del Mar Menor. We have studied the different climate events, especially swell and the beach¿s coastal dynamics to raise awareness of the real problematic. The project analyses the evolution of the coast and studies several alternatives for the regeneration and sustainability of the beach with the objective to reduce or eliminate the explained risk. After multi-criteria analysis we selected the design and calculus for a mixed solution consists of coastal defence works. They are two types of soft defence works: one of them is the artificial regeneration of the beach with a predeterminate width (45 meters); the other one is the building of a ridge of dunes for complete the profile of the beach and guarantee his correct work. The hard defence work is the installation of three breakwaters separated and parallel from the coastal orientation. Eventually, we will work into terrestrial and marine environment so is really relevant the environmental care. Consequently, the project contains an Environmental Impact Study (EIS) where we identify all the possible impacts (positive or negative) next valuate them and finally establish a number of measures to minimize the negative impacts. Anyway, it includes an Environmental Vigilance Plan (EVP) that assures the compliance of the measures. All in all, we can determinate the environment viability for the project., [ES] El presente Trabajo Final de Máster contiene los documentos propios de un Proyecto Básico (Memoria y Anejos, Planos, Presupuesto y Estudio de Impacto Ambiental) en los que se pretende abordar la problemática existente en la playa del Pudrimel (T.M. de San Javier, Murcia) debida a los procesos litorales que van deteriorando la costa y suponen un riesgo potencial de desaparición total o parcial para La Manga del Mar Menor. Para conocer en detalle dicha situación se estudian los distintos fenómenos correspondientes a clima marítimo, principalmente el oleaje, y también se estudia la dinámica litoral del tramo seleccionado. Con el objetivo de reducir o evitar el riesgo mencionado, así como de paliar las consecuencias derivadas del mismo se ha analizado su evolución y estudiado distintas alternativas para su regeneración y sostenibilidad. Tras un análisis multicriterio se opta por el diseño y cálculo de una solución mixta formada por distintas obras costeras, concretamente, dos tipos de obras blandas como la regeneración artificial de la playa seca buscando un ancho predeterminado y la ejecución de un cordón dunar que complete el perfil de la playa y garantice su correcta funcionalidad y un tipo de obras duras, formadas por tres diques exentos paralelos a la línea de costa para modificar los procesos morfodinámicos del oleaje y la morfología de la costa en la que la sedimentación y la regeneración terminarán dando lugar a hemitómbolos, así también se aumentará la superficie de la misma. Por último, al tratarse de una obra que involucra entornos marítimos y terrestres, requiere especial atención el medio ambiente y el impacto sobre el mismo. Por ello, se desarrolla un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), en el que se hace inventario y se identifican los distintos impactos ambientales, positivos o negativos, que pasarán a valorarse y clasificar para poder saber si el proyecto resulta viable para el medioambiente. En cualquier caso, se aportan las medidas correctoras y p

[EN] This Final Master's Work is named ¿Regeneration basic project in Pudrimel beach (T.M. San Javier, Murcia)¿. It expects to study the current trouble in Pudrimel beach. The problem due to a high degree deterioration into the aesthetics of a balanced coast caused by the coastal processes. Besides, this represents a potential risk of partial or total disappearance for La Manga del Mar Menor. We have studied the different climate events, especially swell and the beach¿s coastal dynamics to raise awareness of the real problematic. The project analyses the evolution of the coast and studies several alternatives for the regeneration and sustainability of the beach with the objective to reduce or eliminate the explained risk. After multi-criteria analysis we selected the design and calculus for a mixed solution consists of coastal defence works. They are two types of soft defence works: one of them is the artificial regeneration of the beach with a predeterminate width (45 meters); the other one is the building of a ridge of dunes for complete the profile of the beach and guarantee his correct work. The hard defence work is the installation of three breakwaters separated and parallel from the coastal orientation. Eventually, we will work into terrestrial and marine environment so is really relevant the environmental care. Consequently, the project contains an Environmental Impact Study (EIS) where we identify all the possible impacts (positive or negative) next valuate them and finally establish a number of measures to minimize the negative impacts. Anyway, it includes an Environmental Vigilance Plan (EVP) that assures the compliance of the measures. All in all, we can determinate the environment viability for the project., [ES] El presente Trabajo Final de Máster contiene los documentos propios de un Proyecto Básico (Memoria y Anejos, Planos, Presupuesto y Estudio de Impacto Ambiental) en los que se pretende abordar la problemática existente en la playa del Pudrimel (T.M. de San Javier, Murcia) debida a los procesos litorales que van deteriorando la costa y suponen un riesgo potencial de desaparición total o parcial para La Manga del Mar Menor. Para conocer en detalle dicha situación se estudian los distintos fenómenos correspondientes a clima marítimo, principalmente el oleaje, y también se estudia la dinámica litoral del tramo seleccionado. Con el objetivo de reducir o evitar el riesgo mencionado, así como de paliar las consecuencias derivadas del mismo se ha analizado su evolución y estudiado distintas alternativas para su regeneración y sostenibilidad. Tras un análisis multicriterio se opta por el diseño y cálculo de una solución mixta formada por distintas obras costeras, concretamente, dos tipos de obras blandas como la regeneración artificial de la playa seca buscando un ancho predeterminado y la ejecución de un cordón dunar que complete el perfil de la playa y garantice su correcta funcionalidad y un tipo de obras duras, formadas por tres diques exentos paralelos a la línea de costa para modificar los procesos morfodinámicos del oleaje y la morfología de la costa en la que la sedimentación y la regeneración terminarán dando lugar a hemitómbolos, así también se aumentará la superficie de la misma. Por último, al tratarse de una obra que involucra entornos marítimos y terrestres, requiere especial atención el medio ambiente y el impacto sobre el mismo. Por ello, se desarrolla un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), en el que se hace inventario y se identifican los distintos impactos ambientales, positivos o negativos, que pasarán a valorarse y clasificar para poder saber si el proyecto resulta viable para el medioambiente. En cualquier caso, se aportan las medidas correctoras y p

In this paper, we try to understand pesticide input decisions among Vietnamese rice producers by examining the production risk effects of pesticide use, applying both a lottery game and a more traditional production function approach. Production function estimates show that excessive pesticide use makes production riskier. This result is supported by the lottery approach, which signals that more risk averse farmers use less pesticide, implying that pesticide is a risk-increasing input. We also show, that higher uncertainty regarding drought relative to pest is likely driving the increasing risk effect of pesticides. Therefore, we claim that the relative importance of multiple uncertainties on pest and water is relevant to determine the risk property of pesticide.

In this paper, we try to understand pesticide input decisions among Vietnamese rice producers by examining the production risk effects of pesticide use, applying both a lottery game and a more traditional production function approach. Production function estimates show that excessive pesticide use makes production riskier. This result is supported by the lottery approach, which signals that more risk averse farmers use less pesticide, implying that pesticide is a risk-increasing input. We also show, that higher uncertainty regarding drought relative to pest is likely driving the increasing risk effect of pesticides. Therefore, we claim that the relative importance of multiple uncertainties on pest and water is relevant to determine the risk property of pesticide.

Extreme climatic events have significant impacts on society and the environment, especially when multiple hazards occur concurrently (e.g., drought and heat waves) or consecutively (wildfires and extreme precipitation). A large number of indicators have been developed to detect and study changes in extreme events across space and time. While the current climate extreme indicators provide useful information, most do not provide any information on compound/concurrent events. A compound event corresponds to a situation in which multiple (often interrelated) hazard drivers lead to an extreme outcome. Therefore, current univariate methods used for frequency analysis and risk assessment may underestimate the risk or occurrence probability of extreme events. After a comprehensive review of the existing methods, this study outlines frameworks for detecting, modeling, and analyzing inter-related events and processes including compound extremes.

Extreme climatic events have significant impacts on society and the environment, especially when multiple hazards occur concurrently (e.g., drought and heat waves) or consecutively (wildfires and extreme precipitation). A large number of indicators have been developed to detect and study changes in extreme events across space and time. While the current climate extreme indicators provide useful information, most do not provide any information on compound/concurrent events. A compound event corresponds to a situation in which multiple (often interrelated) hazard drivers lead to an extreme outcome. Therefore, current univariate methods used for frequency analysis and risk assessment may underestimate the risk or occurrence probability of extreme events. After a comprehensive review of the existing methods, this study outlines frameworks for detecting, modeling, and analyzing inter-related events and processes including compound extremes.

We provide an overview of selected recent operational applications of satellite remote sensing and marine Geographic Information Systems (GIS) procedures to the practice of sustainable aquaculture in southern Hokkaido, Japan, focusing mainly on kelp and scallop aquaculture. We also developed a suitable aquaculture site-selection model (SASSM) for suspension culture of Gagome (a kelp species) in the same region. Models for Japanese kelp and Gagome showed that the distributions of the most suitable areas for both species overlapped. Competition between kelps was especially marked along the coastline between Hakodate and Esan. In addition, we examined the impact of oceanographic environmental changes and atmospheric events on scallop and kelp aquaculture sites, demonstrating that variations in the coastal Oyashio Current and the Tsugaru Warm Current significantly influenced the growth and harvesting seasons of scallops and kelps in Funka Bay and other sections of southern Hokkaido. Because a strong El Nino event occurred in 2010, January of that year was extremely cold. The proportion of suitable areas for both scallops and kelps during their respective growing seasons contracted in 2010. Thus, shifts in oceanographic and atmospheric conditions should be incorporated into sustainability management planning for coastal scallop and kelp aquaculture in southern Hokkaido.

We provide an overview of selected recent operational applications of satellite remote sensing and marine Geographic Information Systems (GIS) procedures to the practice of sustainable aquaculture in southern Hokkaido, Japan, focusing mainly on kelp and scallop aquaculture. We also developed a suitable aquaculture site-selection model (SASSM) for suspension culture of Gagome (a kelp species) in the same region. Models for Japanese kelp and Gagome showed that the distributions of the most suitable areas for both species overlapped. Competition between kelps was especially marked along the coastline between Hakodate and Esan. In addition, we examined the impact of oceanographic environmental changes and atmospheric events on scallop and kelp aquaculture sites, demonstrating that variations in the coastal Oyashio Current and the Tsugaru Warm Current significantly influenced the growth and harvesting seasons of scallops and kelps in Funka Bay and other sections of southern Hokkaido. Because a strong El Nino event occurred in 2010, January of that year was extremely cold. The proportion of suitable areas for both scallops and kelps during their respective growing seasons contracted in 2010. Thus, shifts in oceanographic and atmospheric conditions should be incorporated into sustainability management planning for coastal scallop and kelp aquaculture in southern Hokkaido.

We provide an overview of selected recent operational applications of satellite remote sensing and marine Geographic Information Systems (GIS) procedures to the practice of sustainable aquaculture in southern Hokkaido, Japan, focusing mainly on kelp and scallop aquaculture. We also developed a suitable aquaculture site-selection model (SASSM) for suspension culture of Gagome (a kelp species) in the same region. Models for Japanese kelp and Gagome showed that the distributions of the most suitable areas for both species overlapped. Competition between kelps was especially marked along the coastline between Hakodate and Esan. In addition, we examined the impact of oceanographic environmental changes and atmospheric events on scallop and kelp aquaculture sites, demonstrating that variations in the coastal Oyashio Current and the Tsugaru Warm Current significantly influenced the growth and harvesting seasons of scallops and kelps in Funka Bay and other sections of southern Hokkaido. Because a strong El Nino event occurred in 2010, January of that year was extremely cold. The proportion of suitable areas for both scallops and kelps during their respective growing seasons contracted in 2010. Thus, shifts in oceanographic and atmospheric conditions should be incorporated into sustainability management planning for coastal scallop and kelp aquaculture in southern Hokkaido.