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Neven (Calendula officinalis L.) je poznat po svojim ljekovitim svojstvima kao i primjeni u medicinskoj, kemijskoj, kozmetičkoj i prehrambenoj industriji. Prilagođen je umjerenoj klimi te mu je optimalna temperatura klijanja 20 °C. Klijanje sjemena i rani rast sadnica su najosjetljiviji stadiji na abiotske stresove, kao što su nepovoljna temperatura i suša, a predsjetveni tretmani sjemena pozitivno utječu na svojstva klijavosti ili kvalitetu sjemena i sadnica u stresnim uvjetima. S obzirom da se sjetva nevena obavlja čim se uspostave minimalni uvjeti, a tada temperature i količine oborina mogu biti znatno niže od optimalnih, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj predtretmana na svojstva klijavosti sjemena nevena u uvjetima niskih temperatura i suše (-0,8 MPa PEG 6000). Laboratorijskim pokusom istražen je utjecaj temperature (14 °C, 18 °C i 22 °C) na klijavost sjemena nevena uz predtretmane dH2O i GA3 (250 ppm) u trajanju od 24 h. Netretirano sjeme je predstavljalo kontrolu. Utvrđeno je da sjeme nevena ne klije u uvjetima suše bez obzira na predsjetveni tretman i na temperaturu pri kojoj je klijalo. Ni temperatura niti predtretman sjemena ne utječu značajno na broj proklijalih sjemenki nevena, ali utječu na brzinu klijanja., Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is known for its medicinal properties and is used in the medical, chemical, cosmetic, and food industries. It is adapted to a temperate climate and its optimum germination temperature is 20 °C. Seed germination and early seed ling growth are the most sensitive to abiotic stresses such as unfavourable temperatures and drought, while seed priming has a positive effect on germination properties of seed and seed ling quality under stressful conditions. Since sowing of marigolds is done as soon as the minimum conditions are established, when temperature sand precipitation canbes ignificantly lower than optimal, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of seed priming on the germination properties of marigold seeds under low temperature and drought (-0.8 MPa PEG 6000). The effect of temperature (14 °C, 18 °C, and 22 °C) on germination of marigold seeds with treatments containing dH2O and GA3 (250 ppm) for 24 h was studied under laboratory conditions. Untreated seed represented control. Marigold seeds did not germinate under drought conditions, regard less of seed priming treatments and temperatures. It was also found that neither temperature nor seed priming significantly affected the number of germinated marigold seeds, but did affect the germination rate.

Neven (Calendula officinalis L.) je poznat po svojim ljekovitim svojstvima kao i primjeni u medicinskoj, kemijskoj, kozmetičkoj i prehrambenoj industriji. Prilagođen je umjerenoj klimi te mu je optimalna temperatura klijanja 20 °C. Klijanje sjemena i rani rast sadnica su najosjetljiviji stadiji na abiotske stresove, kao što su nepovoljna temperatura i suša, a predsjetveni tretmani sjemena pozitivno utječu na svojstva klijavosti ili kvalitetu sjemena i sadnica u stresnim uvjetima. S obzirom da se sjetva nevena obavlja čim se uspostave minimalni uvjeti, a tada temperature i količine oborina mogu biti znatno niže od optimalnih, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj predtretmana na svojstva klijavosti sjemena nevena u uvjetima niskih temperatura i suše (-0,8 MPa PEG 6000). Laboratorijskim pokusom istražen je utjecaj temperature (14 °C, 18 °C i 22 °C) na klijavost sjemena nevena uz predtretmane dH2O i GA3 (250 ppm) u trajanju od 24 h. Netretirano sjeme je predstavljalo kontrolu. Utvrđeno je da sjeme nevena ne klije u uvjetima suše bez obzira na predsjetveni tretman i na temperaturu pri kojoj je klijalo. Ni temperatura niti predtretman sjemena ne utječu značajno na broj proklijalih sjemenki nevena, ali utječu na brzinu klijanja., Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is known for its medicinal properties and is used in the medical, chemical, cosmetic, and food industries. It is adapted to a temperate climate and its optimum germination temperature is 20 °C. Seed germination and early seed ling growth are the most sensitive to abiotic stresses such as unfavourable temperatures and drought, while seed priming has a positive effect on germination properties of seed and seed ling quality under stressful conditions. Since sowing of marigolds is done as soon as the minimum conditions are established, when temperature sand precipitation canbes ignificantly lower than optimal, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of seed priming on the germination properties of marigold seeds under low temperature and drought (-0.8 MPa PEG 6000). The effect of temperature (14 °C, 18 °C, and 22 °C) on germination of marigold seeds with treatments containing dH2O and GA3 (250 ppm) for 24 h was studied under laboratory conditions. Untreated seed represented control. Marigold seeds did not germinate under drought conditions, regard less of seed priming treatments and temperatures. It was also found that neither temperature nor seed priming significantly affected the number of germinated marigold seeds, but did affect the germination rate.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) exhibits a wide range of seed coat colors and this morphological trait is widely used in cultivar identification and assessment of diversity within this species. With an advancement in technology and informatics, new methods of assessing seed color are emerging in addition to traditionally used visual observation. Due to a great variety of color measuring techniques, the evaluation of the agreement between methods is needed prior to using the methods interchangeably. Seed coat color in terms of CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of 100 common bean accessions belonging to five mono-colored landraces was assessed using two methods, colorimeter and Computer vision. The percentage difference between the two methods across all samples for L* color coordinate was 5.81%, for a* color coordinate 23.32% and for b* color coordinate 44.44%. According to Bland-Altman difference plot there is a considerable lack of agreement between the two methods. However, using stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that colorimeter method correctly classified 97% of accessions into their respective landrace, while the classification success of the Computer vision was 99%., Grah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pokazuje veliki raspon boja sjemene ljuske te je korištenje ove morfološke karakteristike uobičajeno u identifikaciji kultivara i procjeni raznolikosti unutar vrste. Napretkom tehnologije i informatike pojavljuju se nove metode određivanja boje sjemena uz klasičnu metodu vizualnog određivanja. Zbog velikog broja tehnika određivanja boja, potrebna je ocjena usuglašenosti između metoda prije njihovog kombiniranja ili naizmjeničnog korištenja. Boja sjemena 100 primki pet jednobojnih tradicijskih kultivara graha opisana CIE L*a*b* koordinatama procijenjena je koristeći dvije metode, kolorimetar i računalni vid. Postotna razlika između dvije metode kroz sve uzorke za koordinatu L* iznosila je 5.81%, za koordinatu a* 23.32%, a za koordinatu b* 44.44%. Bland-Altmanov graf razlike pokazuje da postoji značajan nedostatak usuglašenosti između dvije metode. Koristeći postupnu diskriminantnu analizu uspješno je klasificirano 97% primki na temelju podataka dobivenih kolorimetrom dok je klasifikacijski uspjeh računalnog vida bio 99%.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) exhibits a wide range of seed coat colors and this morphological trait is widely used in cultivar identification and assessment of diversity within this species. With an advancement in technology and informatics, new methods of assessing seed color are emerging in addition to traditionally used visual observation. Due to a great variety of color measuring techniques, the evaluation of the agreement between methods is needed prior to using the methods interchangeably. Seed coat color in terms of CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of 100 common bean accessions belonging to five mono-colored landraces was assessed using two methods, colorimeter and Computer vision. The percentage difference between the two methods across all samples for L* color coordinate was 5.81%, for a* color coordinate 23.32% and for b* color coordinate 44.44%. According to Bland-Altman difference plot there is a considerable lack of agreement between the two methods. However, using stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that colorimeter method correctly classified 97% of accessions into their respective landrace, while the classification success of the Computer vision was 99%., Grah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pokazuje veliki raspon boja sjemene ljuske te je korištenje ove morfološke karakteristike uobičajeno u identifikaciji kultivara i procjeni raznolikosti unutar vrste. Napretkom tehnologije i informatike pojavljuju se nove metode određivanja boje sjemena uz klasičnu metodu vizualnog određivanja. Zbog velikog broja tehnika određivanja boja, potrebna je ocjena usuglašenosti između metoda prije njihovog kombiniranja ili naizmjeničnog korištenja. Boja sjemena 100 primki pet jednobojnih tradicijskih kultivara graha opisana CIE L*a*b* koordinatama procijenjena je koristeći dvije metode, kolorimetar i računalni vid. Postotna razlika između dvije metode kroz sve uzorke za koordinatu L* iznosila je 5.81%, za koordinatu a* 23.32%, a za koordinatu b* 44.44%. Bland-Altmanov graf razlike pokazuje da postoji značajan nedostatak usuglašenosti između dvije metode. Koristeći postupnu diskriminantnu analizu uspješno je klasificirano 97% primki na temelju podataka dobivenih kolorimetrom dok je klasifikacijski uspjeh računalnog vida bio 99%.

Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a perennial plant tolerant to the soil salinity and could be used as an alternative culture on salty soils. For successful sea fennel cultivation, it is necessary to test germinability of the seed. In this study, germination tests have been carried out on a population of sea fennel from Lopar, island of Rab, Croatia. Our aim was to examine the effect of seed priming on seed germination, radicle length, radicle surface area, average diameter of radicle and radicle volume of sea fennel under different salt concentrations. Seeds were primed with sodium chloride (NaCl) (50 mM) or distilled water (dH2O) during seven days after which its germinability and early seedling growth was tested on the germination paper treated with different concentrations of NaCl (50, 100 and 150 mM) and dH2O as control. Seeds which were primed with dH2O and 50 mM NaCl solution showed the better performance than non-primed seeds; priming alleviated negative effects of low NaCl concentration.

Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a perennial plant tolerant to the soil salinity and could be used as an alternative culture on salty soils. For successful sea fennel cultivation, it is necessary to test germinability of the seed. In this study, germination tests have been carried out on a population of sea fennel from Lopar, island of Rab, Croatia. Our aim was to examine the effect of seed priming on seed germination, radicle length, radicle surface area, average diameter of radicle and radicle volume of sea fennel under different salt concentrations. Seeds were primed with sodium chloride (NaCl) (50 mM) or distilled water (dH2O) during seven days after which its germinability and early seedling growth was tested on the germination paper treated with different concentrations of NaCl (50, 100 and 150 mM) and dH2O as control. Seeds which were primed with dH2O and 50 mM NaCl solution showed the better performance than non-primed seeds; priming alleviated negative effects of low NaCl concentration.

Common bean is one of the most cultivated and consumed grain legumes worldwide, showing a high level of genetic diversity. Here is presented a detailed review of development and mapping of simple sequence repeats (SSRs, microsatellite markers) in the common bean. In the last 25 years, common bean has been the subject of numerous genetic studies, in which the identification and use of SSRs were conducted, and lead to the development of genetic maps. First genetic maps of common bean have been developed in the 1990s and were based on different molecular markers, and included domestication genes and important agronomic traits. Later, SSRs allowed the genetic mapping of more narrow crosses that are often of interest in plant breeding. Most genetic maps have been correlated with the core map established in the recombinant inbred population BAT93 x Jalo EEP558, and includes different markers, RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism), and SSRs in particular. More than 2,000 SSR markers are available for the common bean and they are an important tool to evaluate the genetic diversity of common bean landraces. SSRs are also useful to evaluate intra-specific diversity within the genus Phaseolus., Grah je jedna od najviše uzgajanih i najviše korištenih zrnatih mahunarki u svijetu koja ima visoku razinu genetske raznolikosti. U ovom radu je prikazan detaljan pregled razvoja i kartiranja mikrosatelitnih biljega (SSR, ponavljajuće jednostavne sekvence) kod graha. U posljednjih 25 godina, grah je bio predmetom brojnih genetskih istraživanja u kojima je provedena identifikacija i upotreba SSR-ova što je dovelo do razvoja genetskih karata. Prve genetske karte graha su razvijene u 1990-ima i bile su bazirane na različitim molekularnim biljezima, a uključivale su gene koji su povezani uz udomaćenje i važna agronomska svojstva. Kasnije su SSR-ovi omogućili genetsko kartiranje križanaca koji su često od interesa u oplemenjivanju bilja. Većina genetskih karata povezana je s osnovnom genetskom kartom uspostavljenom na rekombinantnoj inbred liniji BAT93 x Jalo EEP558, koja uključuje različite biljege kao što su RFLP (polimorfizam dužine restrikcijskih ulomaka), RAPD (nasumično umnožena polimorfna DNA), AFLP (polimorfizam dužine umnoženih ulomaka) te SSR-ove. Više od 2 000 SSR biljega je dostupno za grah i oni su važan alat za procjenu genetske raznolikosti tradicijskih kultivara graha. SSR-ovi su također korisni za procjenu unutarvrsne raznolikosti unutar roda Phaseolus.

Common bean is one of the most cultivated and consumed grain legumes worldwide, showing a high level of genetic diversity. Here is presented a detailed review of development and mapping of simple sequence repeats (SSRs, microsatellite markers) in the common bean. In the last 25 years, common bean has been the subject of numerous genetic studies, in which the identification and use of SSRs were conducted, and lead to the development of genetic maps. First genetic maps of common bean have been developed in the 1990s and were based on different molecular markers, and included domestication genes and important agronomic traits. Later, SSRs allowed the genetic mapping of more narrow crosses that are often of interest in plant breeding. Most genetic maps have been correlated with the core map established in the recombinant inbred population BAT93 x Jalo EEP558, and includes different markers, RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism), and SSRs in particular. More than 2,000 SSR markers are available for the common bean and they are an important tool to evaluate the genetic diversity of common bean landraces. SSRs are also useful to evaluate intra-specific diversity within the genus Phaseolus., Grah je jedna od najviše uzgajanih i najviše korištenih zrnatih mahunarki u svijetu koja ima visoku razinu genetske raznolikosti. U ovom radu je prikazan detaljan pregled razvoja i kartiranja mikrosatelitnih biljega (SSR, ponavljajuće jednostavne sekvence) kod graha. U posljednjih 25 godina, grah je bio predmetom brojnih genetskih istraživanja u kojima je provedena identifikacija i upotreba SSR-ova što je dovelo do razvoja genetskih karata. Prve genetske karte graha su razvijene u 1990-ima i bile su bazirane na različitim molekularnim biljezima, a uključivale su gene koji su povezani uz udomaćenje i važna agronomska svojstva. Kasnije su SSR-ovi omogućili genetsko kartiranje križanaca koji su često od interesa u oplemenjivanju bilja. Većina genetskih karata povezana je s osnovnom genetskom kartom uspostavljenom na rekombinantnoj inbred liniji BAT93 x Jalo EEP558, koja uključuje različite biljege kao što su RFLP (polimorfizam dužine restrikcijskih ulomaka), RAPD (nasumično umnožena polimorfna DNA), AFLP (polimorfizam dužine umnoženih ulomaka) te SSR-ove. Više od 2 000 SSR biljega je dostupno za grah i oni su važan alat za procjenu genetske raznolikosti tradicijskih kultivara graha. SSR-ovi su također korisni za procjenu unutarvrsne raznolikosti unutar roda Phaseolus.

The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic diversity of 5 natural field elm populations in Croatia. The study results suggest that the observed populations are characterized by a satisfactory amount of heterozygosity, and that the impact of the Dutch elm disease on the amount of genetic diversity in the sampled populations is currently negligible. However, one population displayed a significant excess of heterozygosity, implying a genetic bottleneck. The existence of a very clear genetic differentiation between the continental and the Mediterranean populations of Ulmus minor in Croatia was noticed.

The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic diversity of 5 natural field elm populations in Croatia. The study results suggest that the observed populations are characterized by a satisfactory amount of heterozygosity, and that the impact of the Dutch elm disease on the amount of genetic diversity in the sampled populations is currently negligible. However, one population displayed a significant excess of heterozygosity, implying a genetic bottleneck. The existence of a very clear genetic differentiation between the continental and the Mediterranean populations of Ulmus minor in Croatia was noticed.

Phenotypic diversity among Croatian common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces was assessed by analysing 12 qualitative and six quantitative traits in 338 accessions collected from all production areas in Croatia. Out of 12 qualitative morphological traits, seed coat colour was the most polymorphic among accessions having the highest Shannon’s information index and discriminating power. Out of six quantitative traits, the highest coefficient of variation was detected in duration of flowering. A weak correlation was found between distance matrices among accessions based on qualitative and quantitative traits.

Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.) represents one of the most significant medicinal autochthonous species in flora of eastern Adriatic coast and islands. It is evergreen outcrossing perennial subshrub with short woody stems that branch extensively and violet flowers. Apart from being native to Mediterranean karst of west Balkan and Apenine peninsula it is cultivated in numerous countries worldwide with Mediterranean and temperate continental climate. From the earliest times it has been used in traditional medicine in healing gingiva, mouth cavity and the sore throat, against bacterial and fungal infections, for wound treatment, memory enhancement, for treating common cold, against sweating, stomach inflammation, ulcer formation, etc. Its essential oil has also been used in preservation of food and as spice as it gives both specific aroma and promotes digestion of food. The essential oil is extremely complex mixture of different active ingredients; however, the thujones and camphor are the dominant compounds and are the parameter by which S. officinalis is distinguished from other Salvia species. The great variability of essential oil composition and yield has been detected depending on various factors such as genotype, environmental conditions, phonological stage, plant parts used for the extraction of essential oil and drying procedure. Molecular genetic analysis of S. officinalis is still limited and comprises the use of RAPD markers, AFLP and SSR markers in assessing mostly the genetic variability and structure of wild S. officinalis populations.

Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.) represents one of the most significant medicinal autochthonous species in flora of eastern Adriatic coast and islands. It is evergreen outcrossing perennial subshrub with short woody stems that branch extensively and violet flowers. Apart from being native to Mediterranean karst of west Balkan and Apenine peninsula it is cultivated in numerous countries worldwide with Mediterranean and temperate continental climate. From the earliest times it has been used in traditional medicine in healing gingiva, mouth cavity and the sore throat, against bacterial and fungal infections, for wound treatment, memory enhancement, for treating common cold, against sweating, stomach inflammation, ulcer formation, etc. Its essential oil has also been used in preservation of food and as spice as it gives both specific aroma and promotes digestion of food. The essential oil is extremely complex mixture of different active ingredients; however, the thujones and camphor are the dominant compounds and are the parameter by which S. officinalis is distinguished from other Salvia species. The great variability of essential oil composition and yield has been detected depending on various factors such as genotype, environmental conditions, phonological stage, plant parts used for the extraction of essential oil and drying procedure. Molecular genetic analysis of S. officinalis is still limited and comprises the use of RAPD markers, AFLP and SSR markers in assessing mostly the genetic variability and structure of wild S. officinalis populations.

Phenotypic diversity among Croatian common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces was assessed by analysing 12 qualitative and six quantitative traits in 338 accessions collected from all production areas in Croatia. Out of 12 qualitative morphological traits, seed coat colour was the most polymorphic among accessions having the highest Shannon’s information index and discriminating power. Out of six quantitative traits, the highest coefficient of variation was detected in duration of flowering. A weak correlation was found between distance matrices among accessions based on qualitative and quantitative traits.

Dalmatian or common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is an outcrossing plant species native to East Adriatic coast. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were used to analyze genetic diversity and structure of ten natural populations from the East-Adriatic coastal region. The highest genetic diversity was found in populations from the central and south Dalmatia, while the highest frequency down-weighted marker values were found in the northernmost populations and the southern most inland population. Although analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the genetic diversity was attributable to differences among individuals within populations, highly significant φST values suggested the existence of genetic differentiation among populations. By assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within populations, the calculated FST value among population was moderate. Bayesian model-based clustering method revealed that at K = 2 all individuals belonging to two northern populations were assigned to a separate cluster from the individuals belonging to the rest of the population. At K = 3, the newly formed cluster grouped the majority of individuals belonging to populations from central Dalmatia. The high correlation between matrices of genetic and geographical distances showed that isolation by distance may play a considerable role in overall structuring of the genetic diversity.

Short-tooth sage (Salvia brachyodon Vandas) is an endemic and one of the rarest plant species of the Dinaric karst. Although older literature indicates its presence in more localities; only two have been confirmed at the present time; Mt. Orjen (border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro) and Pelješac peninsula (Croatia). Due to its very narrow distribution and economically very interesting essential oil composition short-tooth sage might become more endangered in the future. The aim of this research was to determine and compare inter-and intra- population morphological diversity of the only two noted natural populations of short-tooth sage by analyzing 16 quantitative morphological traits. Pelješac population of short-tooth sage showed considerably higher values for traits related to habitus and plant height; while the Mt. Orjen population showed higher values for traits related to the calyx and higher occurrence of sessile glandular hairs on the flower pedicels. When interpreting the obtained results; we should consider the fact that the habitats on Pelješac peninsula and Mt. Orjen greatly differ. In order to get better insight into the diversity and differentiation of short-tooth sage populations and to define efficient protection measures an additional analysis of populations using molecular markers are recommended.

Short-tooth sage (Salvia brachyodon Vandas) is an endemic and one of the rarest plant species of the Dinaric karst. Although older literature indicates its presence in more localities; only two have been confirmed at the present time; Mt. Orjen (border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro) and Pelješac peninsula (Croatia). Due to its very narrow distribution and economically very interesting essential oil composition short-tooth sage might become more endangered in the future. The aim of this research was to determine and compare inter-and intra- population morphological diversity of the only two noted natural populations of short-tooth sage by analyzing 16 quantitative morphological traits. Pelješac population of short-tooth sage showed considerably higher values for traits related to habitus and plant height; while the Mt. Orjen population showed higher values for traits related to the calyx and higher occurrence of sessile glandular hairs on the flower pedicels. When interpreting the obtained results; we should consider the fact that the habitats on Pelješac peninsula and Mt. Orjen greatly differ. In order to get better insight into the diversity and differentiation of short-tooth sage populations and to define efficient protection measures an additional analysis of populations using molecular markers are recommended.

Maruni (maroni) su sorte europskog pitomog kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.) dobivene selekcijom, koje se od davnina uzgajaju radi proizvodnje krupnih i kvalitetnih plodova. Maruni su u Hrvatskoj sađeni na privatnim posjedima istočnih padina Učke, u okolici Lovrana i poznati su pod nazivom "lovranski marun". Do sada nije bilo znanstvenih istraživanja lovranskog maruna te nije poznato s kojim su biljnim materijalom nasadi podignuti, odnosno koliko je različitih genotipova zastupljeno. Ta saznanja ključna su za sve daljnje korake koje treba poduzeti kako bi se očuvali postojeći genetski izvori. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bila je analiza genetske raznolikosti stabala lovranskog maruna u postojećim nasadima, korištenjem mikrosatelitnih biljega. Istraživanje je rađeno na uzorku od 72 stabla, korištenjem 5 mikrosatelitnih biljega. Analiza je pokazala prisutnost 11 multilokusnih genotipova, što govori u prilog raznovrsnosti i bogatstvu svojti pitomog kestena na lovranskom području, koje još uvijek nisu taksonomski određene, a vode se pod kolektivnim nazivom "lovranski marun". Većina uzorkovanih stabala, 58, pripada istom genotipu, što se može tumačiti statičnošću u smislu introdukcije novih svojti na istraživano područje i forsiranjem, tj. ekstenzivnim uzgojem., Marrons are varieties of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) obtained through selection, which have been grown since antiquity for the production of large and high quality fruits. In Croatia, marrons were planted on private properties on the eastern slopes of the Učka mountain, in the environs of Lovran, and are hence known as the "Lovran marron". There has been no scientific research of the Lovran marron to date, and it is unknown which plant material was used to raise the plantations, or how many different genotypes are represented. Those insights are crucial for any further steps to be undertaken in order to conserve the existing genetic resources. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of the Lovran marron trees in the existing plantations, by using microsatellite markers. The study was conducted on a sample of 72 trees, using 5 microsatellite markers (Table 1). The analysis demonstrated the presence of 11 multilocus genotypes, pointing to the diversity and abundance of sweet chestnut taxa in the Lovran area, which have not yet been taxonomically defined and bear the collective name of the "Lovran marron". The majority of analyzed trees, specifically 58 individuals, had a uniform genetic structure and areassigned to the MG01 cultivar, which is therefore the most represented cultivar in the researched area, i.e. the one most often grown. However, not all trees are uniform, which is proven by the fact that the remaining 14 analyzed trees belong to 10 different gene pools. Of the 14 trees, 2 had not been grafted, but are found in the plantations together with the grafted marrons and are genetically specific as is to be expected. The remaining 12 grafted trees belong to 9 gene pools. Out of those, 5 trees share common alleles on all loci and are assigned the MG02 cultivar, whereas 7 trees were genetically unique and classified into 7 different cultivars (Tables 2, 3, 4 and Figure 1). Consequently, with regard to the

High levels of both morphological and chemical variability exist within the O. basilicum L. species. Long-term traditional uses and wide distribution throughout the world, as well as traditional selection and breeding efforts, have contributed to variability within the species. Morphological traits according to UPOV descriptor list and AFLP markers were utilized to define the extent of existing variation in the species analyzing 24 accessions. Phenotypic dissimilarities between pairs of accessions were calculated and the UPGMA dendrogram was constructed. A number of clearly defined clusters have been detected, giving a good representation of traditional taxonomic relationships. Genetic relationships were determined by Neighbour-Joining cluster analysis based on Dice’s distance matrix between accessions. Generally, morphologically similar accessions grouped together and a high congruence between trees was observed. Our analyses revealed a certain degree of correspondence between morphological and molecular data among O. basilicum L. accessions. Both AFLP markers and morphological descriptors can contribute in resolving existing problems concerning intraspecific classification in O. basilicum.

High levels of both morphological and chemical variability exist within the O. basilicum L. species. Long-term traditional uses and wide distribution throughout the world, as well as traditional selection and breeding efforts, have contributed to variability within the species. Morphological traits according to UPOV descriptor list and AFLP markers were utilized to define the extent of existing variation in the species analyzing 24 accessions. Phenotypic dissimilarities between pairs of accessions were calculated and the UPGMA dendrogram was constructed. A number of clearly defined clusters have been detected, giving a good representation of traditional taxonomic relationships. Genetic relationships were determined by Neighbour-Joining cluster analysis based on Dice’s distance matrix between accessions. Generally, morphologically similar accessions grouped together and a high congruence between trees was observed. Our analyses revealed a certain degree of correspondence between morphological and molecular data among O. basilicum L. accessions. Both AFLP markers and morphological descriptors can contribute in resolving existing problems concerning intraspecific classification in O. basilicum.

The plant height of wheat is an important quantitative trait, controlled by several genes with strong effect. However, in worldwide wheat breeding, only several of those genes have been used. Rht8 (Reduced Height Gene) is especially important in agro-climatic conditions of South-East Europe. Because of its close linkage with dwarfing gene Rht8, microsatellite marker gwm261 has been accepted as the diagnostic molecular marker for gene Rht8. In this study, allelic variability at the locus Xgwm261 for 122 Croatian and foreign wheat cultivars by means of microsatellite marker gwm261 was determined. A 192 base pairs allele at the locus Xgwm261 was found for 84 Croatian cultivars. The genetic heritage of Croatian cultivars at the locus Xgwm261 is the consequence of new parental components usage, carriers of short plant and early maturity attributes and the consequent selection of progeny with these traits during breeding process. The results of this research will be helpful in characterization of domestic wheat cultivars, as well as in more accurate selection of parents for hybridization purposes., Visina biljke pšenice važno je kvantitativno svojstvo kontrolirano s više gena jakog učinka. Međutim, u oplemenjivanju pšenice u svijetu, najčešće se koristi samo nekoliko takvih gena. U agroklimatskim uvjetima jugoistoka Europe posebno je važan gen Rht8 (Reduced Height Gene). Mikrosatelit gwm261 je, zbog svoje bliske vezanosti s lokusom za gen Rht8, prihvaćen kao dijagnostički molekularni biljeg gena Rht8. U ovome istraživanju je pomoću mikrosatelita gwm261 utvrđena alelna varijabilnost na lokusu Xgwm261 za 122 hrvatska i strana kultivara pšenice. Alel sa 192 para baza na lokusu Xgwm261 utvrđen je za 84 hrvatska kultivara. Genetsko naslijeđe hrvatskih kultivara na lokusu Xgwm261 posljedica je korištenja novih roditelja, nositelja svojstava niže stabljike i ranozrelosti te odabira potomstva s tim svojstvima tijekom oplemenjivačkoga procesa. Rezultati istraživanja pomoći će u karakterizaciji domaćih kultivara pšenice, kao i u preciznijem odabiru roditelja u svrhu križanja.

Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is endemic to the East coast of the Adriatic Sea and its natural habitat extends from Italy to northern Albania and up in the mountainous regions of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Pyrethrum flowers yield an important insecticide, the pyrethrin. Pyrethrin is mainly concentrated in oil glands on the surface of the seed inside the tightly packed flower head, but they can also be found in the other plant parts, however in much lower concentrations. The pyrethrin exist as a combination of six insecticide active ingredients: pyrethrin I, cinerin I, jasmolin I, pyrethrin II, cinerin II and jasmolin II, with pyrethrin I and pyrethrin II present in higher concentrations. Pyrethrin is non-toxic to mammals and other worm-blooded animals, it is unstable in light, oxygen, water and at elevated temperatures and therefore highly biodegradable. Due to the fact it is environmentally safe it is leading insecticide in organic farming systems. The most scientific work concerning Dalmatian pyrethrum was focused on its morphological and biochemical traits that are relevant in breeding. Breeding programmes are primarily focused on increasing the yield of pyrethrin per unit area. Relative to dry flower weight, flower heads contain the majority of the pyrethrin. Croatian wild populations contain approximately 0.60 to 0.79 %, while clones in breeding programmes of Australia and Kenya contain up to 3.0 % of pyrethrin.

Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is endemic to the East coast of the Adriatic Sea and its natural habitat extends from Italy to northern Albania and up in the mountainous regions of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Pyrethrum flowers yield an important insecticide, the pyrethrin. Pyrethrin is mainly concentrated in oil glands on the surface of the seed inside the tightly packed flower head, but they can also be found in the other plant parts, however in much lower concentrations. The pyrethrin exist as a combination of six insecticide active ingredients: pyrethrin I, cinerin I, jasmolin I, pyrethrin II, cinerin II and jasmolin II, with pyrethrin I and pyrethrin II present in higher concentrations. Pyrethrin is non-toxic to mammals and other worm-blooded animals, it is unstable in light, oxygen, water and at elevated temperatures and therefore highly biodegradable. Due to the fact it is environmentally safe it is leading insecticide in organic farming systems. The most scientific work concerning Dalmatian pyrethrum was focused on its morphological and biochemical traits that are relevant in breeding. Breeding programmes are primarily focused on increasing the yield of pyrethrin per unit area. Relative to dry flower weight, flower heads contain the majority of the pyrethrin. Croatian wild populations contain approximately 0.60 to 0.79 %, while clones in breeding programmes of Australia and Kenya contain up to 3.0 % of pyrethrin.

Prirodni procesi spontanog križanja i mutacije kao i selekcija koju su provodili maslinari tijekom dugog razdoblja uzgoja masline rezultirali su velikom raznolikošću morfoloških svojstava. Dodatni problem u kvalitetnoj identifikaciji sorta stvara veliki broj sinonima i homonima koji se koriste u različitim i istim uzgojnim područjima. S ciljem utvrđivanja raznolikosti unutar sorte Oblica započeli smo istraživanje u tri tipična uzgojna područja hrvatske (Konavle, Dalmatinska zagora i Kvarner). Primjenom morfoloških metoda identifikacije utvrdili smo značajne razlike svih istraživanih svojstava između uzgojnih područja kao i unutar pojedinih uzgojnih područja., The processes of natural hybridisation and mutations as well as selections done by olive tree growers in the long time of olive cultivation resulted in the significant morphological differences of the same cultivar. A big problem in quality cultivar identification are numerous synonyms and homonyms of the same cultivar in different growing areas. With the aim of finding internal variety of olive cultivar Oblica we start with investigations in three typical olive growing area in Croatia (Konavle Dalmatinska Zagora and Kvarner). According to morphological parameters samples of Oblica olive from different places significantly differed, and even in the same growing area.

U poljski pokus uključeno je deset primki rupičaste pljuskavice (Hypericum perforatum L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena podrijetlom iz Hrvatske (9) i Bosne i Hercegovine (1). Tijekom pokusa na deset slučajno odabranih biljaka po parceli analizirana su sljedeća kvantitativna svojstva: visina stabljike (cm), broj grana, broj cvjetnih grana, masa svježe i suhe stabljike s listovima (g), te masa svježeg i suhog korijena (g). Primke rupičaste pljuskavice signifikantno su se razlikovale u svim analiziranim svojstvima. Primka HBG00602 koja predstavlja populaciju iz Doljana, Metković, kao i primka HBG00896 iz Nerezina, otok Lošinj, pokazale su više vrijednosti u većini analiziranih svojstava., Ten St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes originating from Croatia (9) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1) were included in the field experiment. On ten randomly chosen plants per plot the following quantitative traits were scored: plant height (cm), number of branches, number of flowering branches, weight of the fresh and dried stems with leaves (g), and weight of the fresh and dried roots (g). St. John's Wort accessions differed significantly in all the analysed quantitative traits. The accession HBG00602 representing the population from Doljani, Metković and the accession HBG00896 from Nerezine, island of Lošinj showed higher values for the most of the analyzed traits.

Šest primki ljekovitog matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena podrijetlom iz Austrije (2), Hrvatske (1), Nizozemske (1) i Njemačke (2) uključeno je u poljski pokus. Tijekom pokusa praćena su osnovna razlikovna morfološka svojstva (boja lista, veličina lista, oblik cvata, boja cvata), a na slučajno odabranim biljkama po pokusnoj parcelici analizirana su sljedeća kvantitativna svojstva: visina stabljike, broj grana, te masa svježe i suhe stabljike, korijena i lista. Varijabilnost kvalitativnih svojstava primki ljekovitog matičnjaka nije primijećena, za razliku od kvantitativnih svojstava gdje je između i unutar primki ljekovitog matičnjaka primijećena velika varijabilnost. Iako nisu dobivene statistički signifikantne razlike između primki za dva najvažnija agronomska svojstva (masa svježeg i suhih listova), primka HBG00147 iz Austrije je pokazala najveće vrijednosti za navedena svojstva., Six lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian bank of plant genes originating form Austria (2), Croatia (1), Germany (2) and the Netherlands were included in the field experiment. Main qualitative morphological traits as leaf colour, leaf shape, inflorescence form and inflorescence colour were analysed. On ten randomly chosen plants per plot the following quantitative traits were scored: plant height and number of branches as well as the fresh and dried weight of stems, roots and leaves. No variation in qualitative traits has been found among and within accessions while all the quantitative traits showed a great variation within as well as among accessions. No statistically significant differences were found in two agronomically most important traits: the weight of fresh and dried leaves per plant. The accession HBG00147 from Austria showed the highest values of fresh and dried leaves weight per plant.

Brojne autohtone vrste imaju potencijala za primjenu kao ukrasne vrste u krajobrazu. Dobro su prilagođene staništu čime se smanjuje cijena njihovog održavanja i njege. Njihovom uporabom doprinosi se očuvanju ambijentalne vrijednosti prostora te očuvanju bioraznolikosti. Flora Mediterana obiluje endemskim vrstama, a rod Salvia bogat je vrstama s ukrasnom vrijednošću. Vrsta Salvia officinalis L., mirisava kadulja, žalfija, kuš; do 50 cm je visoki i vrlo raširen polugrm naših primorskih kamenjara, a dekorativna je i u cvjetnom i u bescvjetnom stanju. Morfološka svojstva kao što su: visina grma, broj i visina grana, duljina cvata, broj listova po izboju i cvjetova u cvatu, važna su za procjenu ukrasne vrijednosti neke biljne vrste, a mjerena su na 10 populacija, na biljkama kadulje porijeklom s područja Republike Hrvatske i Republike Bosne i Hercegovine. Populacije su se razlikovale s obzirom na morfološka svojstva što upućuje, Many wild species have a potential to be used as ornamentals in the landscape. They are well adapted to the site conditions and that brings to the lower price of maintenance and care. The use of wild species contributes to the protection of area’s ambient value and biodiversity. Mediterranean flora is rich on endemic species, and genus Salvia has many species with ornamental value. Species Salvia officinalis L., sage, is 50 cm high subshrub that is very common on rocky sites along seaside. It has ornamental value in the time of flowering but it’s also attractive when not in flower. Morphological characters, such as: plant height, number and height of branches, inflorescence height, number of leaves per shoot and flowers per inflorescence, are important to estimate the ornamental value of plant species. These characters were measured on the plants from 10 different populations originating from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Populations varied on the basis of morphological characters showing that the sage can be useful for different purposes in a landscape design.

U svrhu ispitivanja optimalnog sklopa kod četiri kultivara soje: Aura, Ronda, Gordana i Dora postavljen je pokus na pokušalištu Zavoda za sjemenarstvo, Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Pokus je postavljen u četiri repeticije po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu, a mjerena su sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike (cm), visina do prve plodne mahune (cm), broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna po biljci, broj zrna po biljci, masa zrna po biljci (g), broj zrna po mahuni, masa 1000 zrna (g). Temeljem rezultata analize utjecaja tri različita sklopa (40, 60 i 80 biljaka/m2) na prinos i sastavnice prinosa utvrđeno je da je sklop kao izvor varijabilnosti nesignifikantan kod svih ispitivanih svojstava. Interakcija kultivar x sklop kao izvor varijabilnosti pokazala se visokosignifikantnom za sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike, masa zrna po biljci i masa 1000 zrna. Za svojstva visina do prve mahune, broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna i broj zrna interakcija se pokazala nesignifikantnom. Prinosi postignuti u sklopovima 60 i 80 signifikantno su bili veći od prinosa dobivenog u sklopu 40 biljaka/m2., In purpose of finding an optimal crop density for four cultivars of soybean: Aura, Ronda, Gordana and Dora on field of Agricultural Faculty, University of Zagreb an experiment were conducted. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The traits included in the analysis were the following: plant height, height of the first pod-bearing node, number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. On the basis of the results of effect of three different crop density (40, 60 and 80 plants/ m2) on yield and yield components we found out that crop density was not significant as source of variability for analysed traits. Interaction cultivar x crop density was significant as source of variability for traits: plant height, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. For traits height of the first pod-bearing node number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods and number of seeds the interaction was not significant. Yields achieved in crop density of 60 and 80 plants per m2 differed significantly from one in crop density of 40 plants per m2.

U poljski pokus je uključeno osam primki običnog mravinca (Origanum vulgare L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena. Sjeme je dobiveno razmjenom s nacionalnim bankama biljnih gena (SAD, Rusija) kao i sakupljeno od domaćih prikupljača. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu. Uzorci za analizu uzeti su slučajnim odabirom, 10 biljaka od svake primke (osim kod člana pokusa HBG00410, 5 biljaka). Kod ukupno 75 biljaka analizirana su kvalitativna i kvantitativna svojstva. Od kvalitativnih svojstava analizirana je: boja lista, veličina i boja pricvjetnih listića (brakteja), te oblik i boja cvijeta. Od kvantitativnih svojstava analizirana je: visina stabljike (cm), dužina korijena (cm), broj grana po biljci, te svježa i suha masa (g) korijena, stabljike, lista i cvata, kao i suha i svježa masa cijele biljke. Visokosignifikantne razlike između primki uočene su kod tri ispitivana svojstva: broj grana, svježa i suha masa lista. Najveća varijabilnost je zabilježena kod svojstva suha masa lista, a najmanja kod svojstva visina stabljike. Primka HBG00350, podrijetlom iz Rusije pokazala se znatno boljom u većini agronomski važnih svojstava (svježa masa stabljike, lista i cijele biljke, te suha masa stabljike, lista i cijele biljke) od drugih članova pokusa., Eight Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes were included in the field trial. The seed was collected through exchange with other national Gene Banks (USA, Russia) or collected by domestic collectors. The field trial was set in random block design. Ten randomly chosen plants from each accession (except 5 plants from HGB00410) were analyzed (total of 75 plants) for important qualitative and quantitative agronomic traits. Analyzed qualitative traits included: colour of leaves, size and colour of bracts, shape of inflorescence and colour of flowers. Quantitative traits that were analyzed are: plant height (cm), root length (cm), number of branches, weight of dried and fresh root, stem, leaves and flowers as well as the weight of dried and fresh plant. Accessions of Oregano differed significantly in three analyzed traits: number of branches, dried leaf weight and fresh leaf weight. The highest variation was found in the mass of dried leaf and the lowest in the plant height. When compared to other accessions, accession HGB00350, representing the population from Russia showed the highest values for the most analyzed traits (fresh stem weight, fresh leaf weight, dried stem weight, dried leaf weight as well as dried and fresh plant weight).

Provedena je usporedba 21 oplemenjivačke linije soje kreirane na Zavodu za sjemenarstvo Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu s četiri standardna kultivara (Sabina, Dubravka, Gordana i Aura) na temelju prinosa i njegovih sastavnica. Poljski je pokus postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u tri ponavljanja, a praćena su sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike, visina do prve plodne etaže, broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna, broj zrna, masa zrna po biljci, broj zrna po mahuni, masa 1000 zrna, te prinos (dt/ha). Utvrđeno je postojanje signifikantnih razlika između genotipova u svim ispitivanim sastavnicama prinosa, ali ne i u prinosu. Dvije su se linije (SK2*3/87 i IK(Hr)1-2) isticale većim brojem mahuna i zrna po biljci kao i većom masom sjemena po biljci dok je kod linije IK12*9/87-10-18 uočen veći broj zrna po mahuni., Yield and yield components of 21 soybean breeding lines developed at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb were compared to those of four standard soybean cultivars (Sabina, Dubravka, Gordana and Aura). A randomized complete block design with tree replications was used. The traits included in the analysis were the following: plant height, height of the first pod-bearing node, number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, and grain yield (dt/ha). Soybean genotypes differed significantly in all the yield components in the study, but not in yield per se. Two lines (SK2*3/87 and IK(Hr)1-2) had a higher number of pods and seeds per plant as well as the higher seed weight per plant while in the line IK12*9/87-10-18 a higher number of seeds per pod was detected.

The Book of Abstracts of the XIII EUCARPIA Biometrics in Plant Breeding Section Meeting held in 2006 in Zagreb, Croatia, contains the abstracts of 40 oral presentations and 22 posters as presented during six sessions: Linkage and LD based QTL Mapping Methodology I and II, Computer Science, Bioinformatics and Analysis of Large Data Sets, Crop Growth Modelling / Modelling GxE, and Collaborative Breeding. All the abstracts have been thoroughly reviewed by the members of Scientific Committee.

The Book of Abstracts of the XIII EUCARPIA Biometrics in Plant Breeding Section Meeting held in 2006 in Zagreb, Croatia, contains the abstracts of 40 oral presentations and 22 posters as presented during six sessions: Linkage and LD based QTL Mapping Methodology I and II, Computer Science, Bioinformatics and Analysis of Large Data Sets, Crop Growth Modelling / Modelling GxE, and Collaborative Breeding. All the abstracts have been thoroughly reviewed by the members of Scientific Committee.

Šest primki ljekovitog matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena podrijetlom iz Austrije (2), Hrvatske (1), Nizozemske (1) i Njemačke (2) uključeno je u poljski pokus. Tijekom pokusa praćena su osnovna razlikovna morfološka svojstva (boja lista, veličina lista, oblik cvata, boja cvata), a na slučajno odabranim biljkama po pokusnoj parcelici analizirana su sljedeća kvantitativna svojstva: visina stabljike, broj grana, te masa svježe i suhe stabljike, korijena i lista. Varijabilnost kvalitativnih svojstava primki ljekovitog matičnjaka nije primijećena, za razliku od kvantitativnih svojstava gdje je između i unutar primki ljekovitog matičnjaka primijećena velika varijabilnost. Iako nisu dobivene statistički signifikantne razlike između primki za dva najvažnija agronomska svojstva (masa svježeg i suhih listova), primka HBG00147 iz Austrije je pokazala najveće vrijednosti za navedena svojstva., Six lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian bank of plant genes originating form Austria (2), Croatia (1), Germany (2) and the Netherlands were included in the field experiment. Main qualitative morphological traits as leaf colour, leaf shape, inflorescence form and inflorescence colour were analysed. On ten randomly chosen plants per plot the following quantitative traits were scored: plant height and number of branches as well as the fresh and dried weight of stems, roots and leaves. No variation in qualitative traits has been found among and within accessions while all the quantitative traits showed a great variation within as well as among accessions. No statistically significant differences were found in two agronomically most important traits: the weight of fresh and dried leaves per plant. The accession HBG00147 from Austria showed the highest values of fresh and dried leaves weight per plant.

U poljski pokus je uključeno osam primki običnog mravinca (Origanum vulgare L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena. Sjeme je dobiveno razmjenom s nacionalnim bankama biljnih gena (SAD, Rusija) kao i sakupljeno od domaćih prikupljača. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu. Uzorci za analizu uzeti su slučajnim odabirom, 10 biljaka od svake primke (osim kod člana pokusa HBG00410, 5 biljaka). Kod ukupno 75 biljaka analizirana su kvalitativna i kvantitativna svojstva. Od kvalitativnih svojstava analizirana je: boja lista, veličina i boja pricvjetnih listića (brakteja), te oblik i boja cvijeta. Od kvantitativnih svojstava analizirana je: visina stabljike (cm), dužina korijena (cm), broj grana po biljci, te svježa i suha masa (g) korijena, stabljike, lista i cvata, kao i suha i svježa masa cijele biljke. Visokosignifikantne razlike između primki uočene su kod tri ispitivana svojstva: broj grana, svježa i suha masa lista. Najveća varijabilnost je zabilježena kod svojstva suha masa lista, a najmanja kod svojstva visina stabljike. Primka HBG00350, podrijetlom iz Rusije pokazala se znatno boljom u većini agronomski važnih svojstava (svježa masa stabljike, lista i cijele biljke, te suha masa stabljike, lista i cijele biljke) od drugih članova pokusa., Eight Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes were included in the field trial. The seed was collected through exchange with other national Gene Banks (USA, Russia) or collected by domestic collectors. The field trial was set in random block design. Ten randomly chosen plants from each accession (except 5 plants from HGB00410) were analyzed (total of 75 plants) for important qualitative and quantitative agronomic traits. Analyzed qualitative traits included: colour of leaves, size and colour of bracts, shape of inflorescence and colour of flowers. Quantitative traits that were analyzed are: plant height (cm), root length (cm), number of branches, weight of dried and fresh root, stem, leaves and flowers as well as the weight of dried and fresh plant. Accessions of Oregano differed significantly in three analyzed traits: number of branches, dried leaf weight and fresh leaf weight. The highest variation was found in the mass of dried leaf and the lowest in the plant height. When compared to other accessions, accession HGB00350, representing the population from Russia showed the highest values for the most analyzed traits (fresh stem weight, fresh leaf weight, dried stem weight, dried leaf weight as well as dried and fresh plant weight).

Provedena je usporedba 21 oplemenjivačke linije soje kreirane na Zavodu za sjemenarstvo Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu s četiri standardna kultivara (Sabina, Dubravka, Gordana i Aura) na temelju prinosa i njegovih sastavnica. Poljski je pokus postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u tri ponavljanja, a praćena su sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike, visina do prve plodne etaže, broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna, broj zrna, masa zrna po biljci, broj zrna po mahuni, masa 1000 zrna, te prinos (dt/ha). Utvrđeno je postojanje signifikantnih razlika između genotipova u svim ispitivanim sastavnicama prinosa, ali ne i u prinosu. Dvije su se linije (SK2*3/87 i IK(Hr)1-2) isticale većim brojem mahuna i zrna po biljci kao i većom masom sjemena po biljci dok je kod linije IK12*9/87-10-18 uočen veći broj zrna po mahuni., Yield and yield components of 21 soybean breeding lines developed at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb were compared to those of four standard soybean cultivars (Sabina, Dubravka, Gordana and Aura). A randomized complete block design with tree replications was used. The traits included in the analysis were the following: plant height, height of the first pod-bearing node, number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, and grain yield (dt/ha). Soybean genotypes differed significantly in all the yield components in the study, but not in yield per se. Two lines (SK2*3/87 and IK(Hr)1-2) had a higher number of pods and seeds per plant as well as the higher seed weight per plant while in the line IK12*9/87-10-18 a higher number of seeds per pod was detected.

U svrhu ispitivanja optimalnog sklopa kod četiri kultivara soje: Aura, Ronda, Gordana i Dora postavljen je pokus na pokušalištu Zavoda za sjemenarstvo, Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Pokus je postavljen u četiri repeticije po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu, a mjerena su sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike (cm), visina do prve plodne mahune (cm), broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna po biljci, broj zrna po biljci, masa zrna po biljci (g), broj zrna po mahuni, masa 1000 zrna (g). Temeljem rezultata analize utjecaja tri različita sklopa (40, 60 i 80 biljaka/m2) na prinos i sastavnice prinosa utvrđeno je da je sklop kao izvor varijabilnosti nesignifikantan kod svih ispitivanih svojstava. Interakcija kultivar x sklop kao izvor varijabilnosti pokazala se visokosignifikantnom za sljedeća svojstva: visina stabljike, masa zrna po biljci i masa 1000 zrna. Za svojstva visina do prve mahune, broj etaža, broj grana, broj mahuna i broj zrna interakcija se pokazala nesignifikantnom. Prinosi postignuti u sklopovima 60 i 80 signifikantno su bili veći od prinosa dobivenog u sklopu 40 biljaka/m2., In purpose of finding an optimal crop density for four cultivars of soybean: Aura, Ronda, Gordana and Dora on field of Agricultural Faculty, University of Zagreb an experiment were conducted. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The traits included in the analysis were the following: plant height, height of the first pod-bearing node, number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods, number of seeds, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. On the basis of the results of effect of three different crop density (40, 60 and 80 plants/ m2) on yield and yield components we found out that crop density was not significant as source of variability for analysed traits. Interaction cultivar x crop density was significant as source of variability for traits: plant height, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. For traits height of the first pod-bearing node number of nodes, number of branches, number of pods and number of seeds the interaction was not significant. Yields achieved in crop density of 60 and 80 plants per m2 differed significantly from one in crop density of 40 plants per m2.

Brojne autohtone vrste imaju potencijala za primjenu kao ukrasne vrste u krajobrazu. Dobro su prilagođene staništu čime se smanjuje cijena njihovog održavanja i njege. Njihovom uporabom doprinosi se očuvanju ambijentalne vrijednosti prostora te očuvanju bioraznolikosti. Flora Mediterana obiluje endemskim vrstama, a rod Salvia bogat je vrstama s ukrasnom vrijednošću. Vrsta Salvia officinalis L., mirisava kadulja, žalfija, kuš; do 50 cm je visoki i vrlo raširen polugrm naših primorskih kamenjara, a dekorativna je i u cvjetnom i u bescvjetnom stanju. Morfološka svojstva kao što su: visina grma, broj i visina grana, duljina cvata, broj listova po izboju i cvjetova u cvatu, važna su za procjenu ukrasne vrijednosti neke biljne vrste, a mjerena su na 10 populacija, na biljkama kadulje porijeklom s područja Republike Hrvatske i Republike Bosne i Hercegovine. Populacije su se razlikovale s obzirom na morfološka svojstva što upućuje, Many wild species have a potential to be used as ornamentals in the landscape. They are well adapted to the site conditions and that brings to the lower price of maintenance and care. The use of wild species contributes to the protection of area’s ambient value and biodiversity. Mediterranean flora is rich on endemic species, and genus Salvia has many species with ornamental value. Species Salvia officinalis L., sage, is 50 cm high subshrub that is very common on rocky sites along seaside. It has ornamental value in the time of flowering but it’s also attractive when not in flower. Morphological characters, such as: plant height, number and height of branches, inflorescence height, number of leaves per shoot and flowers per inflorescence, are important to estimate the ornamental value of plant species. These characters were measured on the plants from 10 different populations originating from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Populations varied on the basis of morphological characters showing that the sage can be useful for different purposes in a landscape design.

U poljski pokus uključeno je deset primki rupičaste pljuskavice (Hypericum perforatum L.) iz Kolekcije ljekovitog i aromatičnog bilja Hrvatske banke biljnih gena podrijetlom iz Hrvatske (9) i Bosne i Hercegovine (1). Tijekom pokusa na deset slučajno odabranih biljaka po parceli analizirana su sljedeća kvantitativna svojstva: visina stabljike (cm), broj grana, broj cvjetnih grana, masa svježe i suhe stabljike s listovima (g), te masa svježeg i suhog korijena (g). Primke rupičaste pljuskavice signifikantno su se razlikovale u svim analiziranim svojstvima. Primka HBG00602 koja predstavlja populaciju iz Doljana, Metković, kao i primka HBG00896 iz Nerezina, otok Lošinj, pokazale su više vrijednosti u većini analiziranih svojstava., Ten St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) accessions from the Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes originating from Croatia (9) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1) were included in the field experiment. On ten randomly chosen plants per plot the following quantitative traits were scored: plant height (cm), number of branches, number of flowering branches, weight of the fresh and dried stems with leaves (g), and weight of the fresh and dried roots (g). St. John's Wort accessions differed significantly in all the analysed quantitative traits. The accession HBG00602 representing the population from Doljani, Metković and the accession HBG00896 from Nerezine, island of Lošinj showed higher values for the most of the analyzed traits.

Proizvodnja sjemena u PP Orahovici varirala je posljednjih 20-30 godina od 500 do 1,500 ha a danas se u prosjeku organizira na približno 800 ha godišnje. Prije 20-30 godina sjemenarilo se na desetak kultura a danas je sjemenarstvo svedeno na četiri kulture i to: pšenica, ječam, kukuruz i soja te povremeno zob i pšenoraž. Sjemenske pšenice sijemo najviše, u prosjeku oko 400 ha a ostvarujemo dorađenog sjemena u prosjeku 5.5 t/ha. Sjemenskog kukuruza sijemo u prosjeku 130 ha i ostvarujemo prosječno 2.7 t/ha dorađenog sjemena. Poznati smo i kao proizvođači sjemenske soje koju sijemo prosječno na 130 ha a ostvarujemo u prosjeku 2.5 t/ha kvalitetnog dorađenog sjemena kultivara Dore. Sjemenski ječam sijemo na oko 40 ha godišnje i dorađujemo 5.5 t/ha kvalitetnog sjemena. Prosječna godišnja proizvodnja sjemena navedenih kultura je približno 3,100 t. Osim za vlastite potrebe više od polovine sjemena tržimo van tvrtke. Odabir kultivara radimo na temelju makro pokusa i pokusne proizvodnje te zahtjeva tržišta. Sve količine sjemena dorađujemo u vlastitom doradbenom kapacitetu., Seed production at the PP Orahovica was variating in last 20 – 30 years from 500 until 1,500 ha, and nowadays is organized on about 800 ha per year. Before 20 – 30 years seed production was based on 10 species and nowadays is based on four species: wheat, barley, corn and soybean, and occasionally oat and triticale. Seed production of wheat is going on about 400 ha, and average yield is 5.5 t/ha. Corn seed production is going on about 130 ha and average yields are 2.7 t/ha conditioned seed. We are known as a soybean seed producers, and we have about 130 ha of seed crops with 2.5 t/ha as an average yield of quality conditioned seed of cultivar Dora. Seed production of barley is going on about 40 ha per year and average yield is 5.5 t/ha. Average year production of seed is around 3,100 t. Except for our own needs more than half of produced seed is sold. Choosing of cultivars is based on experiments and market demands. All produced seed is conditioned in our own conditioning capacity.

The objective of this study was to group common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions originating from different collection sites according to their morphological similarity. Classification based on genetic diversity should improve the maintenance of the collection of bean accessions and enhance its use as a valuable source of desirable traits in plant breeding. Materials used in this study are accessions of common bean, collected at various locations in Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and stored in the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes (HBBG). In order to use a number of qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, scored according to IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome), and HBBG descriptor lists, we followed the method of classification described by Franco and Crossa (2003). Results obtained from this study reveal some weaknesses as well as advantages of methods used for classification of gene bank accessions.

Complex agronomic traits are normally under polygenic control. The traits evaluated in faba bean in the present study may be grouped into three main categories: floral characters, yield distribution and yield characters, according to other authors. A F2 population derived from the cross 29H x Vf 136 was used for QTLs analysis. A total of 15 QTLs were detected for 8 out of 10 traits evaluated. The analysis detected 2, 5 and 8 QTLs for floral characters, yield distribution traits and yield characters, respectively. QTLs for different traits co-localized in three regions of the map located in linkage groups 3, 4 and 13, which suggests the existence of common pleiotropic genes for the control of these traits. Alternatively, these regions might be hot-spots QTLs, i.e. chromosomic regions with several QTLs controlling different traits as reported for several organisms. The present work constitutes a first step towards the identification of molecular markers for agronomic traits, some of them yield related, in faba bean. After validation, the putative QTLs detected in this work will provide valuable tools for pyramiding QTLs of all these traits in a faba bean breeding program.

The objective of this study was to group common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions originating from different collection sites according to their morphological similarity. Classification based on genetic diversity should improve the maintenance of the collection of bean accessions and enhance its use as a valuable source of desirable traits in plant breeding. Materials used in this study are accessions of common bean, collected at various locations in Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and stored in the Croatian Bank of Plant Genes (HBBG). In order to use a number of qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, scored according to IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome), and HBBG descriptor lists, we followed the method of classification described by Franco and Crossa (2003). Results obtained from this study reveal some weaknesses as well as advantages of methods used for classification of gene bank accessions.

Complex agronomic traits are normally under polygenic control. The traits evaluated in faba bean in the present study may be grouped into three main categories: floral characters, yield distribution and yield characters, according to other authors. A F2 population derived from the cross 29H x Vf 136 was used for QTLs analysis. A total of 15 QTLs were detected for 8 out of 10 traits evaluated. The analysis detected 2, 5 and 8 QTLs for floral characters, yield distribution traits and yield characters, respectively. QTLs for different traits co-localized in three regions of the map located in linkage groups 3, 4 and 13, which suggests the existence of common pleiotropic genes for the control of these traits. Alternatively, these regions might be hot-spots QTLs, i.e. chromosomic regions with several QTLs controlling different traits as reported for several organisms. The present work constitutes a first step towards the identification of molecular markers for agronomic traits, some of them yield related, in faba bean. After validation, the putative QTLs detected in this work will provide valuable tools for pyramiding QTLs of all these traits in a faba bean breeding program.

Proizvodnja sjemena u PP Orahovici varirala je posljednjih 20-30 godina od 500 do 1,500 ha a danas se u prosjeku organizira na približno 800 ha godišnje. Prije 20-30 godina sjemenarilo se na desetak kultura a danas je sjemenarstvo svedeno na četiri kulture i to: pšenica, ječam, kukuruz i soja te povremeno zob i pšenoraž. Sjemenske pšenice sijemo najviše, u prosjeku oko 400 ha a ostvarujemo dorađenog sjemena u prosjeku 5.5 t/ha. Sjemenskog kukuruza sijemo u prosjeku 130 ha i ostvarujemo prosječno 2.7 t/ha dorađenog sjemena. Poznati smo i kao proizvođači sjemenske soje koju sijemo prosječno na 130 ha a ostvarujemo u prosjeku 2.5 t/ha kvalitetnog dorađenog sjemena kultivara Dore. Sjemenski ječam sijemo na oko 40 ha godišnje i dorađujemo 5.5 t/ha kvalitetnog sjemena. Prosječna godišnja proizvodnja sjemena navedenih kultura je približno 3,100 t. Osim za vlastite potrebe više od polovine sjemena tržimo van tvrtke. Odabir kultivara radimo na temelju makro pokusa i pokusne proizvodnje te zahtjeva tržišta. Sve količine sjemena dorađujemo u vlastitom doradbenom kapacitetu., Seed production at the PP Orahovica was variating in last 20 – 30 years from 500 until 1,500 ha, and nowadays is organized on about 800 ha per year. Before 20 – 30 years seed production was based on 10 species and nowadays is based on four species: wheat, barley, corn and soybean, and occasionally oat and triticale. Seed production of wheat is going on about 400 ha, and average yield is 5.5 t/ha. Corn seed production is going on about 130 ha and average yields are 2.7 t/ha conditioned seed. We are known as a soybean seed producers, and we have about 130 ha of seed crops with 2.5 t/ha as an average yield of quality conditioned seed of cultivar Dora. Seed production of barley is going on about 40 ha per year and average yield is 5.5 t/ha. Average year production of seed is around 3,100 t. Except for our own needs more than half of produced seed is sold. Choosing of cultivars is based on experiments and market demands. All produced seed is conditioned in our own conditioning capacity.

Obični mravinac (Origanum vulgare L.) višegodišnja je vrsta iz porodice usnjača (Lamiaceae). Kao samoniklo bilje rasprostranjen je od mediteranskog dijela Europe do centralne Azije, a kao ljekovita i aromatična biljka upotrebljava se već stoljećima. Velike količine komercijalnog začina, za svjetsko tržište, dobivaju se prikupljanjem biljaka samoniklih populacija, a nekoliko vrsta iz roda Origanum kultivirano je i uzgaja se kao aromatično, ljekovito i ukrasno bilje. U ovom radu prikazujemo morfološku i kemijsku raznolikost običnog mravinca te mogućnosti uzgoja ove vrste sa specifičnostima tehnološkog postupka proizvodnje., Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a hardy perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family. lt is widely distributed through Mediterranean area to central Asia and it has been known and used for centuries. Most of the commercial herb is harvested from its spontaneous populations but several Origanum species are nowadays cultivated as culinary herbs, as medicinal plants and as garden plants. The paper reviews the most important biological characteristics of oregano, its chemical caracteristics as well as cultivation methods.