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The current study examined the mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and resilience in the relationship between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms among college students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A large sample of Chinese college students (N = 2, 423) participated in this investigation. Results indicated that perceived parental support was negatively related to depressive symptoms. The two emotion regulation strategies and resilience partially and serially mediated the relation between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

The current study examined the mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and resilience in the relationship between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms among college students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A large sample of Chinese college students (N = 2, 423) participated in this investigation. Results indicated that perceived parental support was negatively related to depressive symptoms. The two emotion regulation strategies and resilience partially and serially mediated the relation between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Organic matter (OM) cycling between coastal wetlands and their connected rivers is poorly constrained due to difficulties in assessing the composition of different OM sources (natural vs. anthropogenic). Bulk characteristics and lipid biomarkers were analyzed to distinguish different sources of OM in the sediments and soils of Liao River Delta, Northeast China, including Liao River Wetland, its connected Liao River, and nearby Daliao River. A similar range of stable carbon isotopic values (δ13Corg) was observed in wetland soils (−27.8‰ to −22.6‰) and river sediments (−26.0‰ to −23.3‰). In contrast, significantly higher stable nitrogen isotopic values (δ15N) were observed in Daliao River sediments (5.8‰–7.7‰) than both Liao River and wetland soils. Lipid biomarkers, especially n-alkyl lipids, phytosterols, triterpenoids, isoprenoids, monoalkyl glycerol ethers, and monoacylglycerols, indicated that the natural OM input in Liao River Delta was mainly of terrestrial origin, followed by in situ aquatic and microbial inputs. In addition to natural OM, anthropogenic influences in the form of sewage and petroleum inputs were evidenced by the detection of fecal sterols, plasticizers, and petrogenic biomarkers. Biomarker distributions in samples from Liao River and Liao River Wetland suggested similar OM sources or close interaction between them, which may be caused by lateral transport considering the low elevation delta exposed to strong tidal effects. In contrast, significantly higher anthropogenic inputs were detected in Daliao River, with no connectivity to the Liao River wetland. Taking advantage of isotopic and biomarker data, the principal component analysis further suggests that both the natural wetland distribution and anthropogenic activities may affect the OM sources and distribution in coastal rivers, which serve as an important transit of OM to coastal oceans. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Coastal wetlands are active transitional ecotones between land and ocean, and are considered as hot spots of organic matter processing within the global carbon cycle, which dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role. In this study, combined use of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and complementary optical techniques was conducted to assess the detailed molecular composition of DOM in the temperate Liaohe coastal wetland (LCW), NE China in respect to the differences in DOM composition from surface water to sediment pore water. Significant positive correlations between salinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were observed in both surface waters and pore waters. Pore water DOM is generally characterized by lower protein-like fluorescence and biological index, but higher humification and humic-like fluorescent components than those in surface water DOM. Corresponding to the optical properties, FT-ICR MS measurements show that pore water DOM has higher proportions of heteroatoms, aromaticity index, O/C ratios, unsaturated aliphatics, and peptides, but lower average H/C ratios compared to surface water DOM across locations with different marsh plant species (rice (Oryza sativa), reed (Phragmites australis), Seablite (Suaeda Salsa)) and salinity (0.5 to 51.5 psu). The results suggest that selective preservation for polyphenols, lignin degradation intermediates (highly unsaturated compounds), and microbial resynthesis of heteroatomic compounds are involved in the processing of DOM from surface water to pore water, leading to the formation of higher molecular weight and sulfur-containing molecules. The abundant CHOS compounds could be related to the early diagenetic sulfurization of DOM in sediments. Our unique data set should provide new clues for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular dynamics of DOM in coastal wetlands. © 2020

Coastal wetlands are active transitional ecotones between land and ocean, and are considered as hot spots of organic matter processing within the global carbon cycle, which dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role. In this study, combined use of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and complementary optical techniques was conducted to assess the detailed molecular composition of DOM in the temperate Liaohe coastal wetland (LCW), NE China in respect to the differences in DOM composition from surface water to sediment pore water. Significant positive correlations between salinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were observed in both surface waters and pore waters. Pore water DOM is generally characterized by lower protein-like fluorescence and biological index, but higher humification and humic-like fluorescent components than those in surface water DOM. Corresponding to the optical properties, FT-ICR MS measurements show that pore water DOM has higher proportions of heteroatoms, aromaticity index, O/C ratios, unsaturated aliphatics, and peptides, but lower average H/C ratios compared to surface water DOM across locations with different marsh plant species (rice (Oryza sativa), reed (Phragmites australis), Seablite (Suaeda Salsa)) and salinity (0.5 to 51.5 psu). The results suggest that selective preservation for polyphenols, lignin degradation intermediates (highly unsaturated compounds), and microbial resynthesis of heteroatomic compounds are involved in the processing of DOM from surface water to pore water, leading to the formation of higher molecular weight and sulfur-containing molecules. The abundant CHOS compounds could be related to the early diagenetic sulfurization of DOM in sediments. Our unique data set should provide new clues for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular dynamics of DOM in coastal wetlands. © 2020

Coastal wetlands are active transitional ecotones between land and ocean, and are considered as hot spots of organic matter processing within the global carbon cycle, which dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role. In this study, combined use of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and complementary optical techniques was conducted to assess the detailed molecular composition of DOM in the temperate Liaohe coastal wetland (LCW), NE China in respect to the differences in DOM composition from surface water to sediment pore water. Significant positive correlations between salinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were observed in both surface waters and pore waters. Pore water DOM is generally characterized by lower protein-like fluorescence and biological index, but higher humification and humic-like fluorescent components than those in surface water DOM. Corresponding to the optical properties, FT-ICR MS measurements show that pore water DOM has higher proportions of heteroatoms, aromaticity index, O/C ratios, unsaturated aliphatics, and peptides, but lower average H/C ratios compared to surface water DOM across locations with different marsh plant species (rice (Oryza sativa), reed (Phragmites australis), Seablite (Suaeda Salsa)) and salinity (0.5 to 51.5 psu). The results suggest that selective preservation for polyphenols, lignin degradation intermediates (highly unsaturated compounds), and microbial resynthesis of heteroatomic compounds are involved in the processing of DOM from surface water to pore water, leading to the formation of higher molecular weight and sulfur-containing molecules. The abundant CHOS compounds could be related to the early diagenetic sulfurization of DOM in sediments. Our unique data set should provide new clues for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular dynamics of DOM in coastal wetlands. © 2020

Droplet-based bio-printing (DBB) techniques have been extensively accepted due to their simplicity, flexibility and cost performance. However, the applicability of inkjet printing for bioprinting techniques still faces challenges, such as a narrow range of available bio-ink materials, cell damage due to the pressure strike and high shear rate during the printing process. Here, a new droplet-based printing technique, pneumatic conveying printing (PCP), is described. This new technique is successfully adopted for cell-printing purposes. The cells present in the bio-ink are not exposed to any significant pressure and therefore the PCP technique is gentle to the cells. Furthermore, PCP allows the usage of inks with viscosities higher than 1000 mPa s, enabling the usage of bio-inks with high cell concentrations (several tens of millions per millilitre). As a proof of concept, two different cell types were printed with this novel technique. To achieve a printing resolution of 400 to 600 μm, cells were encapsulated into a hydrogel containing calcium alginate. Deposition of the bio-ink drop containing sodium alginate on a surface pre-treated in CaCl2 solution, ensures a fast cross-linking reaction and the formation of gel drops. Cells encapsulated in the alginate gel survive and proliferate. Our novel PCP technique is highly suitable for 2D and 3D cell bio-printing.

Droplet-based bio-printing (DBB) techniques have been extensively accepted due to their simplicity, flexibility and cost performance. However, the applicability of inkjet printing for bioprinting techniques still faces challenges, such as a narrow range of available bio-ink materials, cell damage due to the pressure strike and high shear rate during the printing process. Here, a new droplet-based printing technique, pneumatic conveying printing (PCP), is described. This new technique is successfully adopted for cell-printing purposes. The cells present in the bio-ink are not exposed to any significant pressure and therefore the PCP technique is gentle to the cells. Furthermore, PCP allows the usage of inks with viscosities higher than 1000 mPa s, enabling the usage of bio-inks with high cell concentrations (several tens of millions per millilitre). As a proof of concept, two different cell types were printed with this novel technique. To achieve a printing resolution of 400 to 600 μm, cells were encapsulated into a hydrogel containing calcium alginate. Deposition of the bio-ink drop containing sodium alginate on a surface pre-treated in CaCl2 solution, ensures a fast cross-linking reaction and the formation of gel drops. Cells encapsulated in the alginate gel survive and proliferate. Our novel PCP technique is highly suitable for 2D and 3D cell bio-printing.

Droplet-based bio-printing (DBB) techniques have been extensively accepted due to their simplicity, flexibility and cost performance. However, the applicability of inkjet printing for bioprinting techniques still faces challenges, such as a narrow range of available bio-ink materials, cell damage due to the pressure strike and high shear rate during the printing process. Here, a new droplet-based printing technique, pneumatic conveying printing (PCP), is described. This new technique is successfully adopted for cell-printing purposes. The cells present in the bio-ink are not exposed to any significant pressure and therefore the PCP technique is gentle to the cells. Furthermore, PCP allows the usage of inks with viscosities higher than 1000 mPa s, enabling the usage of bio-inks with high cell concentrations (several tens of millions per millilitre). As a proof of concept, two different cell types were printed with this novel technique. To achieve a printing resolution of 400 to 600 μm, cells were encapsulated into a hydrogel containing calcium alginate. Deposition of the bio-ink drop containing sodium alginate on a surface pre-treated in CaCl2 solution, ensures a fast cross-linking reaction and the formation of gel drops. Cells encapsulated in the alginate gel survive and proliferate. Our novel PCP technique is highly suitable for 2D and 3D cell bio-printing.

Droplet-based bio-printing (DBB) techniques have been extensively accepted due to their simplicity, flexibility and cost performance. However, the applicability of inkjet printing for bioprinting techniques still faces challenges, such as a narrow range of available bio-ink materials, cell damage due to the pressure strike and high shear rate during the printing process. Here, a new droplet-based printing technique, pneumatic conveying printing (PCP), is described. This new technique is successfully adopted for cell-printing purposes. The cells present in the bio-ink are not exposed to any significant pressure and therefore the PCP technique is gentle to the cells. Furthermore, PCP allows the usage of inks with viscosities higher than 1000 mPa s, enabling the usage of bio-inks with high cell concentrations (several tens of millions per millilitre). As a proof of concept, two different cell types were printed with this novel technique. To achieve a printing resolution of 400 to 600 μm, cells were encapsulated into a hydrogel containing calcium alginate. Deposition of the bio-ink drop containing sodium alginate on a surface pre-treated in CaCl2 solution, ensures a fast cross-linking reaction and the formation of gel drops. Cells encapsulated in the alginate gel survive and proliferate. Our novel PCP technique is highly suitable for 2D and 3D cell bio-printing.

Droplet-based bio-printing (DBB) techniques have been extensively accepted due to their simplicity, flexibility and cost performance. However, the applicability of inkjet printing for bioprinting techniques still faces challenges, such as a narrow range of available bio-ink materials, cell damage due to the pressure strike and high shear rate during the printing process. Here, a new droplet-based printing technique, pneumatic conveying printing (PCP), is described. This new technique is successfully adopted for cell-printing purposes. The cells present in the bio-ink are not exposed to any significant pressure and therefore the PCP technique is gentle to the cells. Furthermore, PCP allows the usage of inks with viscosities higher than 1000 mPa s, enabling the usage of bio-inks with high cell concentrations (several tens of millions per millilitre). As a proof of concept, two different cell types were printed with this novel technique. To achieve a printing resolution of 400 to 600 μm, cells were encapsulated into a hydrogel containing calcium alginate. Deposition of the bio-ink drop containing sodium alginate on a surface pre-treated in CaCl2 solution, ensures a fast cross-linking reaction and the formation of gel drops. Cells encapsulated in the alginate gel survive and proliferate. Our novel PCP technique is highly suitable for 2D and 3D cell bio-printing.

Weihong Li, Shimei Wang, Yanzhen Zhang The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China Background: Few research projects have looked at patient satisfaction with treatment outcome and factors contributing to satisfaction. The aim of this study was to examine treatment motivation and expectation associated with treatment-outcome satisfaction in a group of adolescent nonextraction orthodontic patients. We hypothesized that there would be significant correlations among treatment-outcome satisfaction, motivation, and expectations.Subjects and methods: A sample of 120 patients who received orthodontic treatment at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine completed two questionnaires. Before treatment, questionnaire 1 was given to patients to assess treatment motivation and expectations. When treatment had been completed, questionnaire 2, concerning treatment satisfaction, was assessed. Spearman’s rank correlation and regression analyses were used to assess the relationships among treatment satisfaction, expectations, and motivation.Results: A total of 110 patients completed the two questionnaires. There was a tendency toward significant correlations between treatment motivation and overall satisfaction with treatment (β-coefficient –0.264, 95% confidence interval –0.456 to 2.314; P<0.001). However, correlations among treatment motivation and satisfaction with changes made and satisfaction with one’s appearance posttreatment were more fragmented. No relationship between treatment expectation and satisfaction was found (β-coefficient –0.126; 95% confidence interval –0.024 to 0.524; P>0.05).Conclusion: Motivation was correlated with satisfaction with treatment outcome. Patients’ expectations had no correlation with treatment satisfaction. Keywords: motiv

The Chinese health care system is presented in this thesis. In the past ten years, the Chinese health care system has drawn the attention of interested people. However, most studies explored the system in limited aspects. They do not take into account the Chinese health care system as a whole. This thesis aims at describing the health care system as a whole through examining its external and internal environments. The external environment includes the factors of history, culture, politics, economy and demography, which has influenced and shaped the development of the health care system in China. The internal environment is considered as the aspects which are directly related to the purposes of public health. Six selected aspects with regard to the internal environment of the health care system are discussed and analyzed. They are health care administration, medical education, health care delivery, health insurance, health costs and public health. Through exploring and examining the system, this thesis seeks to answer the three main questions: how did the health care system work?, what were the effects of health care on the public?, and how did the health system use limited money to provide effective health care?. Many information data published by the Chinese government and other literatures are also presented to help answer these questions.