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Lodging, the permanent bending over of food crops, leads to poor plant growth and development. Consequently, lodging results in reduced crop quality, lowers crop yield, and makes harvesting difficult. Plant breeders routinely evaluate several thousand breeding lines, and therefore, automatic lodging detection and prediction is of great value aid in selection. In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture for lodging classification using five spectral channel orthomosaic images from canola and wheat breeding trials. Also, using transfer learning, we trained 10 lodging detection models using well-established deep convolutional neural network architectures. Our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art lodging detection methods in the literature that use only handcrafted features. In comparison to 10 DCNN lodging detection models, our proposed model achieves comparable results while having a substantially lower number of parameters. This makes the proposed model suitable for applications such as real-time classification using inexpensive hardware for high-throughput phenotyping pipelines. The GitHub repository at https://github.com/FarhadMaleki/LodgedNet contains code and models.

Using a very low-resolution analog-to-digital convertor (ADC) unit at each antenna can remarkably reduce the hardware cost and power consumption of a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. However, such a pure low-resolution ADC architecture also complicates parameter estimation problems such as time/frequency synchronization and channel estimation. A mixed-ADC architecture, where most of the antennas are equipped with low-precision ADCs while a few antennas have full-precision ADCs, can solve these issues and actualize the potential of the pure low-resolution ADC architecture. In this paper, we present a unified framework to develop a family of detectors over the massive MIMO uplink system with the mixed-ADC receiver architecture by exploiting probabilistic Bayesian inference. As a basic setup, an optimal detector is developed to provide a minimum mean-squared-error (MMSE) estimate on data symbols. Considering the highly nonlinear steps involved in the quantization process, we also investigate the potential for complexity reduction on the optimal detector by postulating the common \emph{pseudo-quantization noise} (PQN) model. In particular, we provide asymptotic performance expressions including the MSE and bit error rate for the optimal and suboptimal MIMO detectors. The asymptotic performance expressions can be evaluated quickly and efficiently; thus, they are useful in system design optimization. We show that in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, the distortion caused by the PQN model can be ignored, whereas in the high-SNR regime, such distortion may cause 1-bit detection performance loss. The performance gap resulting from the PQN model can be narrowed by a small fraction of high-precision ADCs in the mixed-ADC architecture., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

本文以北京798 艺术区作为研究对象，探讨它如何为中国当代艺术进入公共视野提供平台，并提出了艺术作为都市生产力的问题。本文根据时间顺序将其发展分为三个历史阶段，即1951-1993 年的718 联合厂时期、1995-2005 年的民间艺术社区、2006-2011 年的官方创意产业园区；并从三个方面展开讨论。首先，798这一空间本身的身份经历了两次转变--从工业生产的空间到以艺术创作为基础的创意社区；再到后来为政府收编，成为城市建设文化范本。本文为此历史发展做系统性研究。其次，798 的转型体现了建筑、族群与城市身份间的关系，一方面，民间自发改造工业遗留空间，另一方面，城市政策的制定与规划也对798产生直接和间接的影响；第三，本文重点讨论798 从民间自发形成的创意社区到政府收编后变身为文化创意产业区的过程中，艺术（包括艺术家）与经济（资本家和商业化）、与政治这三者之间的关系和张力。本文指出，此互动过程把798发展成一个创意产业园区，以798 为中心，向周边地区辐射，形成集生产、创作、展出、贩卖为产业链的艺术交易区域，即「泛798 区域」，798 成功地引起人们关注中国当代艺术，并从体制层面思考其未来的发展该如何与经济、政策相互平衡，同时798 作为一个个案，也提示我们关注有关城市文化用地的相关问题。, This article takes Beijing 798 Art District as its research subject. It focuses on how 798 provides the platform for the Chinese Contemporary Art to enter the public view, and it proposes that art can be productive power to urban development as well. This thesis is divided into three sections according to its historical development: the 718 joint factory period from 1951 to 1993, the folk art community from 1995 to 2005, and the official Creative Industrial district from 2006 till 2011. My discussion mainly focus on three aspects. Firstly, as a space, 798 has been transformed twicse, from an industrial space to an arts community, and then to an official cultural paradigm for other cities to follow. Secondly, the transformation of 798 embodies the relationship among people's living, business operation, and city's identities. For one thing, the artists transformed the space to a facilitate their creation; for another, the policy of the urban planning has influenced 798's development as well. Thirdly, the thesis discusses the tensions among art, capital and politics. The result of their negotiation is that 798 becomes a creative industrial district, in which the original 798 site occupies the centre position, its radiating its influences and coordination to the surrounding areas, and they form the industrial chain which is now generally called the "Greater 798 Zone". 798 brings public attention to Chinese contemporary art, which helps us to relate arts and industry, to understand the difficult balance of contemporary art development between capital and policy. 798 also calls our attention to the relationship between culture and land., Detailed summary in vernacular field only., 張媞., "2012年9月"., "2012 nian 9 yue"., Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-137)., in Chinese and English., Zhang Ti., 目录 --- p.3, 引言 --- p.4, Chapter v --- 研究背景 --- p.4, Chapter v --- 研究目的及内容 --- p.6, Chapter 第一章： --- 718联合厂时期（1951-1993） --- p.13, Chapter v --- 近代北京工业建筑的历史 --- p.13, Chapter v --- 718 联合厂：从筹备施工到投入生产 --- p.15, Chapter v --- 工人阶级的「集体身份」--集体生产和集体生活 --- p.24, Chapter v --- 一去不复返的「集体生产」和「集体生活」新时期旧厂房 --- p.33, Chapter 第二章： --- 从生产的空间到创意社区(1995-2005) --- p.35, Chapter v --- 90 年代的北京「城市化」进程 --- p.36, Chapter v --- 从「地下」到「地上」：中国当代艺术史的简短梳理 --- p.38, Chapter v --- 用于展览的空间被展览的空间：闲置工厂空间的转生 --- p.43, Chapter v --- 798 艺术区的形成：创意阶层的萌芽和身份的建立 --- p.53, Chapter 第三章： --- 创意社区的夭折创意产业园区大行其道（2006-2011） --- p.79, Chapter v --- 创意社区VS 文化创意产业区 --- p.80, Chapter v --- 园区规划和管理 --- p.94, Chapter v --- 泛798 区域VS 文化用地 --- p.115, 结语 --- p.125, 参考书目 --- p.132, 参考网站 --- p.134, http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549023, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)