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In ancient times, several plants were named “lotus.” They assumed very important roles in the religions and art of many cultures, but historiography and descriptions of the various plants called “lotus” have always been poor. The aim of this work is to define what plant species correspond to the ancient name “lotus.” Through analysis of classical texts and other historiographical sources, three types of “lotus” have been identified: “arboreal lotus,” “herbaceous lotus,” and “aquatic lotus.” From the sources examined, several botanical species have been identified for each “lotus” category. In the “arboreal lotus” category there are two species of Ziziphus: Z. lotus and Z. spina-christi. The “herbaceous lotus” include several species in Fabaceae that have been called “lotus,” more specifically in the genera Melilotus, Lotus, Trifolium, and Trigonella. In the last category, “aquatic lotus,” are two species of Nymphaea L. (N. lotus and N. nouchali var. caerulea) and the sacred Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). The attributions of these species have been validated by research on their biogeography and ethnobotanical uses.

This study was conducted in a private orchard at Abu Al Khasib area in Basra province – Iraq, during the growing season (2013), to evaluate six cultivars of Ziziphus spp. Plant, phenologically and physiologically. The results confirmed a difference among the cultivars in some phenological characteristics, and a similarity in others. While in physiological characteristics, and a similarity in others. While in physiological characteristics the study showed a significant superiority of the Toffahi cultivar in its length, diameter and weight of fruits (4.00 cm, 3.26 cm and 7.30 g.) respectively and in its fruit dry weight percentage (42.38 %), while the Hindi cultivar was superior in the T.S.S., water content and phenols percentages (17.22, 67.36 and 2.21 %) respectively. But the Laimoni cultivar was superior in leaf area, adjustable total acidity percentage and calcium pectate percentage (6.78 cm2, 0.81 % and 4.57%) respectively. While Bathri cultivar was significantly superior in total chlorophyll content (3.36 mg. 100-1 fresh weight). Whilst the rest of cultivars showed a variable differences among them.

This study was conducted in a private orchard at Abu Al Khasib area in Basra province – Iraq, during the growing season (2013), to evaluate six cultivars of Ziziphus spp. Plant, phenologically and physiologically. The results confirmed a difference among the cultivars in some phenological characteristics, and a similarity in others. While in physiological characteristics, and a similarity in others. While in physiological characteristics the study showed a significant superiority of the Toffahi cultivar in its length, diameter and weight of fruits (4.00 cm, 3.26 cm and 7.30 g.) respectively and in its fruit dry weight percentage (42.38 %), while the Hindi cultivar was superior in the T.S.S., water content and phenols percentages (17.22, 67.36 and 2.21 %) respectively. But the Laimoni cultivar was superior in leaf area, adjustable total acidity percentage and calcium pectate percentage (6.78 cm2, 0.81 % and 4.57%) respectively. While Bathri cultivar was significantly superior in total chlorophyll content (3.36 mg. 100-1 fresh weight). Whilst the rest of cultivars showed a variable differences among them.

Description du sujet. Cet article traite de la qualité des miels des zones steppiques d’Algérie en vue de leur valorisation. Objectifs. L’objectif est de caractériser la qualité physico-chimique des miels et leur composition pollinique en fonction de leur origine géographique dans trois zones de la région semi-aride de Djelfa en Algérie. Méthodes. Trente-huit échantillons de miels produits dans 11 localités situées au Nord, au Centre et au Sud de la région steppique semi-aride de Djelfa ont été récoltés en juillet durant deux années consécutives. Les analyses polliniques ont été réalisées ainsi que la détermination des teneurs en eau, le pH, la conductivité électrique, la couleur, la teneur en hydroxyméthylfurfural, l’indice saccharase, l’indice diastasique et le profil glucidique. Résultats. L’analyse pollinique a permis d’identifier 34 taxons. La plante la plus représentée est Ziziphus lotus présente dans 92,12 % des miels. Son pollen est dominant dans 27 miels, avec des pourcentages polliniques supérieurs à 45 %. Plus de 55 % des fréquences polliniques sont constituées par des plantes appartenant aux Asteracae, Brassicaceae, Cistaceae, ainsi qu’à Euphorbia bupleuroides, Peganum harmala, Thapsia garganica, Scolymus hispanicus, Echium sp. et Retama retam. Conclusions. Les paramètres physico-chimiques des miels étudiés sont conformes aux normes européennes et internationales, ce qui ouvre des perspectives pour leur valorisation future.

Introduction. In the water-saving and income-generating agroforestry cropping systems developed and promoted by the ICRISAT in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa, particularly in Niger, fruits of domesticated Ziziphus mauritiana (“apples of the Sahel”) are severely damaged by fruit flies (Carpomya incompleta) , and chemical pesticide application poses economic, environmental and human health problems. In the Bio-reclamation of Degraded Lands (BDL) system, apple of the Sahel is the main high-value crop, while in the Dryland Eco-Farm (DEF), it is grown alongside watermelon. Sclerocarya birrea (marula plum) is presently being investigated as a dryland tree species for fruit and oil production, either in orchards or such systems as BDL. Materials and methods. To complete preliminary results of earlier studies published elsewhere, we collected and incubated in 2010 ripe fruits of marula plum and watermelon in Sadoré, Niger, where the above-mentioned agroforestry systems are developed, and we recorded emerging fruit flies. We also conducted a spot-spraying experiment (using GF-120) in an apple of the Sahel orchard in Niamey in 2010; we recorded undamaged and damaged fruits and incubated the latter. In the same orchard, we set up in 2011 a fruit fly trapping survey targeting the invasive species Bactrocera invadens (Chempac ® traps using methyl eugenol as the attractant). Results and discussion. The results showed that only Ceratitis cosyra emerged from marula plums, and only Dacus spp. from watermelon. The GF-120 spot-spraying experiment showed that C. incompleta was not attracted / intoxicated, contrary to Ceratitis spp. and Dacus spp.; the sprayed trees yielded significantly more marketable fruits than unsprayed ones; only C. incompleta emerged from damaged fruit. Detection trapping revealed for the first time the presence of B. invadens in the Sahelian zone of Niger, including at the time of apple of the Sahel fruit production. Conclusion. This, alongside results

Introduction. In the water-saving and income-generating agroforestry cropping systems developed and promoted by the ICRISAT in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa, particularly in Niger, fruits of domesticated Ziziphus mauritiana (“apples of the Sahel”) are severely damaged by fruit flies (Carpomya incompleta) , and chemical pesticide application poses economic, environmental and human health problems. In the Bio-reclamation of Degraded Lands (BDL) system, apple of the Sahel is the main high-value crop, while in the Dryland Eco-Farm (DEF), it is grown alongside watermelon. Sclerocarya birrea (marula plum) is presently being investigated as a dryland tree species for fruit and oil production, either in orchards or such systems as BDL. Materials and methods. To complete preliminary results of earlier studies published elsewhere, we collected and incubated in 2010 ripe fruits of marula plum and watermelon in Sadoré, Niger, where the above-mentioned agroforestry systems are developed, and we recorded emerging fruit flies. We also conducted a spot-spraying experiment (using GF-120) in an apple of the Sahel orchard in Niamey in 2010; we recorded undamaged and damaged fruits and incubated the latter. In the same orchard, we set up in 2011 a fruit fly trapping survey targeting the invasive species Bactrocera invadens (Chempac ® traps using methyl eugenol as the attractant). Results and discussion. The results showed that only Ceratitis cosyra emerged from marula plums, and only Dacus spp. from watermelon. The GF-120 spot-spraying experiment showed that C. incompleta was not attracted / intoxicated, contrary to Ceratitis spp. and Dacus spp.; the sprayed trees yielded significantly more marketable fruits than unsprayed ones; only C. incompleta emerged from damaged fruit. Detection trapping revealed for the first time the presence of B. invadens in the Sahelian zone of Niger, including at the time of apple of the Sahel fruit production. Conclusion. This, alongside results

Fiche présentant le jujubier de la hyène, Ziziphus mucronata Willd. : description de l'arbuste, aire de répartition, écologie, sylviculture, usages multiples

Fiche présentant le jujubier, Ziziphus mauritiana : description de l'arbuste, aire de répartition, écologie, sylviculture, usages multiples

Fiche présentant le jujubier de la hyène, Ziziphus mucronata Willd. : description de l'arbuste, aire de répartition, écologie, sylviculture, usages multiples

Fiche présentant le jujubier, Ziziphus mauritiana : description de l'arbuste, aire de répartition, écologie, sylviculture, usages multiples

#Zizyphus mauritiana# Lam. est un arbre fruitier sauvage très commun en Afrique sahélienne. Ses fruits, les jujubes, sont traditionnellement exploités par cueillette dans les peuplements naturels et représentent une source de revenu importante pour de nombreuses familles rurales. Ils sont consommés frais ou secs. Au Sénégal, un programme d'introduction de variétés de jujubiers améliorés d'origine indienne est en cours depuis plusieurs années. L'objectif des travaux présentés a été de comparer la première variété introduite (Gola) avec deux lots de jujubes locaux. La comparaison entre différentes origines a porté sur les caractéristiques biométriques des fruits et sur les teneurs de la portion comestible en divers composés organiques et en éléments minéraux. L'étude a été complétée par une enquête gustative auprès de consommateurs. La portion comestible des fruits frais de Gola est environ vingt fois plus importante (en poids et volume) que celle des jujubes locaux. La pulpe des Gola est plus riche en eau et moins concentrée en éléments organiques (sucres, protéines) et minéraux (calcium, magnésium). Cependant, après séchage, les teneurs ne sont plus significativement différentes, si ce n'est celles des protéines et de quelques éléments minéraux dont la richesse chez Gola diminue très nettement pendant le séchage. Les fruits de Gola séchés, très parfumés, ont été les plus appréciés par la population sénégalaise. Quelle que soit leur origine, les jujubes sont riches en sucres, en vitamines C, en calcium et en fer. Ces fruits représentent un apport nutritionnel important pour les populations des régions arides. La variété Gola répond bien au goût du consommateur sénégalais. Sa diffusion en zone sahélienne peut donc être envisagée sous réserve d'avoir levé au préalable les contraintes techniques liées à la production des plants et d'avoir vérifié la rentabilité économique de cette nouvelle culture.

Le microgreffage in vitro mis au point permet un taux de réussite supérieur à 90%, largement supérieur à celui obtenu avec des méthodes de greffege horticole. Il devrait assurer une production massive des variétés de jujubier adaptées aux zones arides. Les travaux ont porté essentiellement sur la variété Gola, d'origine indienne, dont les fruits ont un volume environ vingt fois supérieur à ceux récoltés dans les peuplements naturels.

#Zizyphus mauritiana# Lam. est un arbre fruitier sauvage très commun en Afrique sahélienne. Ses fruits, les jujubes, sont traditionnellement exploités par cueillette dans les peuplements naturels et représentent une source de revenu importante pour de nombreuses familles rurales. Ils sont consommés frais ou secs. Au Sénégal, un programme d'introduction de variétés de jujubiers améliorés d'origine indienne est en cours depuis plusieurs années. L'objectif des travaux présentés a été de comparer la première variété introduite (Gola) avec deux lots de jujubes locaux. La comparaison entre différentes origines a porté sur les caractéristiques biométriques des fruits et sur les teneurs de la portion comestible en divers composés organiques et en éléments minéraux. L'étude a été complétée par une enquête gustative auprès de consommateurs. La portion comestible des fruits frais de Gola est environ vingt fois plus importante (en poids et volume) que celle des jujubes locaux. La pulpe des Gola est plus riche en eau et moins concentrée en éléments organiques (sucres, protéines) et minéraux (calcium, magnésium). Cependant, après séchage, les teneurs ne sont plus significativement différentes, si ce n'est celles des protéines et de quelques éléments minéraux dont la richesse chez Gola diminue très nettement pendant le séchage. Les fruits de Gola séchés, très parfumés, ont été les plus appréciés par la population sénégalaise. Quelle que soit leur origine, les jujubes sont riches en sucres, en vitamines C, en calcium et en fer. Ces fruits représentent un apport nutritionnel important pour les populations des régions arides. La variété Gola répond bien au goût du consommateur sénégalais. Sa diffusion en zone sahélienne peut donc être envisagée sous réserve d'avoir levé au préalable les contraintes techniques liées à la production des plants et d'avoir vérifié la rentabilité économique de cette nouvelle culture.

Le microgreffage in vitro mis au point permet un taux de réussite supérieur à 90%, largement supérieur à celui obtenu avec des méthodes de greffege horticole. Il devrait assurer une production massive des variétés de jujubier adaptées aux zones arides. Les travaux ont porté essentiellement sur la variété Gola, d'origine indienne, dont les fruits ont un volume environ vingt fois supérieur à ceux récoltés dans les peuplements naturels.

Cette note décrit une méthodologie de rajeunissement pour quatre ligneux sahéliens: Acacia senegal, Faidherbia albida, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus mauritiana. Elle a consisté à prélever stérilement un expiant mesurant 5-10 mm et à le microgreffer sur un jeune plant élevé in vitro. Les principaux facteurs de réussite sont l'âge du porte-greffe (de deux à six semaines selon l'espèce), le niveau de greffage (sur hypocotyle plutôt que sur épicotyle) et la nature du greffon (les apex ont une meilleure réactivité que les noeuds axillaires). La méthode a été appliquée au rajeunissement d'arbres adultes. Le critère de rejuvénilisation retenu est l'aptitude à l'enracinement des microboutures prélevées sur le greffon. L'effet rajeunissant du microgreffage dépend de l'espèce, du mode de mobilisation des premières copies végétatives et du nombre de cycle de microgreffages. Chez F albida dont la mobilisation des sujets adultes est réalisée par bouturage de racines, un tiers des microboutures s'enracinent après un seul cycle et 75% après un second. Pour Z. mau ritiana mobilisé par greffage horticole, un quart des microboutures prélevées sur les greffons a réacquis l'aptitude à l'enracinement après deux cycles de microgreffage. Aucun enracinement n'est constaté pour A. senegal et T. indica mobilisés par bouturage horticole.

Cette note décrit une méthodologie de rajeunissement pour quatre ligneux sahéliens: Acacia senegal, Faidherbia albida, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus mauritiana. Elle a consisté à prélever stérilement un expiant mesurant 5-10 mm et à le microgreffer sur un jeune plant élevé in vitro. Les principaux facteurs de réussite sont l'âge du porte-greffe (de deux à six semaines selon l'espèce), le niveau de greffage (sur hypocotyle plutôt que sur épicotyle) et la nature du greffon (les apex ont une meilleure réactivité que les noeuds axillaires). La méthode a été appliquée au rajeunissement d'arbres adultes. Le critère de rejuvénilisation retenu est l'aptitude à l'enracinement des microboutures prélevées sur le greffon. L'effet rajeunissant du microgreffage dépend de l'espèce, du mode de mobilisation des premières copies végétatives et du nombre de cycle de microgreffages. Chez F albida dont la mobilisation des sujets adultes est réalisée par bouturage de racines, un tiers des microboutures s'enracinent après un seul cycle et 75% après un second. Pour Z. mau ritiana mobilisé par greffage horticole, un quart des microboutures prélevées sur les greffons a réacquis l'aptitude à l'enracinement après deux cycles de microgreffage. Aucun enracinement n'est constaté pour A. senegal et T. indica mobilisés par bouturage horticole.

Ce rapport d'activité de la station de Korhogo en Côte d'Ivoire présente, pour l'année 91, les mouvements de personnel de la station, les réalisations de terrain, les activités de recherche et les dépenses effectuées. Une grande partie du rapport détaille les résultats scientifiques de l'année : travaux en pépinières, semis directs, étude de croissance, boisement intensif, essais de provenances et agroforesterie

Ce rapport d'activité de la station de Korhogo en Côte d'Ivoire présente, pour l'année 91, les mouvements de personnel de la station, les réalisations de terrain, les activités de recherche et les dépenses effectuées. Une grande partie du rapport détaille les résultats scientifiques de l'année : travaux en pépinières, semis directs, étude de croissance, boisement intensif, essais de provenances et agroforesterie

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506527%5DMICH-V-1506527, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506527/MICH-V-1506527/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506529%5DMICH-V-1506529, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506529/MICH-V-1506529/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506529%5DMICH-V-1506529, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506529/MICH-V-1506529/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506527%5DMICH-V-1506527, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506527/MICH-V-1506527/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506533%5DMICH-V-1506533, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506533/MICH-V-1506533/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1507636%5DMICH-V-1507636, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1507636/MICH-V-1507636/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1507635%5DMICH-V-1507635, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1507635/MICH-V-1507635/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1507637%5DMICH-V-1507637, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1507637/MICH-V-1507637/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506516%5DMICH-V-1506516, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506516/MICH-V-1506516/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506537%5DMICH-V-1506537, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506537/MICH-V-1506537/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506510%5DMICH-V-1506510, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506510/MICH-V-1506510/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506515%5DMICH-V-1506515, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506515/MICH-V-1506515/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506535%5DMICH-V-1506535, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506535/MICH-V-1506535/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506519%5DMICH-V-1506519, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506519/MICH-V-1506519/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506514%5DMICH-V-1506514, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506514/MICH-V-1506514/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506518%5DMICH-V-1506518, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506518/MICH-V-1506518/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506512%5DMICH-V-1506512, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506512/MICH-V-1506512/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506509%5DMICH-V-1506509, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506509/MICH-V-1506509/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506517%5DMICH-V-1506517, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506517/MICH-V-1506517/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506513%5DMICH-V-1506513, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506513/MICH-V-1506513/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506511%5DMICH-V-1506511, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506511/MICH-V-1506511/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506539%5DMICH-V-1506539, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506539/MICH-V-1506539/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506534%5DMICH-V-1506534, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506534/MICH-V-1506534/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1506536%5DMICH-V-1506536, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1506536/MICH-V-1506536/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy