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Ran Li,1,2,* Chen Liu,1,2,* Chaoqiong Wan,1,2 Tiantian Liu,1,2 Rongrong Zhang,1,2 Jie Du,1 Xiangyu Wang,1,2 Xiaofeng Jiao,1,2 Ruifang Gao,1,2 Bing Li1 1Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ruifang Gao; Bing Li, Email gruifang_26@163.com; libing-1975@163.comPurpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant disease with serious impacts on human health and quality of life worldwide. This disease is traditionally treated through a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of traditional treatments is hindered by systemic toxicity, limited therapeutic effects, and drug resistance. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane-bound protease. Although FAP has limited expression in normal adult tissues, it is highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment of many solid cancers – a characteristic that makes it an ideal target for anticancer therapy. In this study, we constructed a nano-drug delivery system (NPF@DOX) targeting FAP to increase the therapeutic efficiency of synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy against OSCC.Methods: We utilized PEGylated nano-graphene oxide (NGO) to link doxorubicin (DOX) and fluorescently-labeled, FAP-targeted peptide chains via hydrogen bonding and π–π bonding to enhance the targeting capability of NPF@DOX. The synthesis of NPF@DOX was analyzed using UV–Vis and FT–IR spectroscopy and its morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the drug uptake efficiency in vitro, photo-thermal properties, release performance, and anti-tumor effects of NPF@DOX were evaluated and fu

The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin., To determine the current evidence on artificial neural network (ANN) in prognostic studies of musculoskeletal diseases (MSD) and to assess the accuracy of ANN in predicting the prognosis of patients with MSD. The scoping review was reported under the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and the Meta-Analyses extension for Scope Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed, and Web of science core collection were searched from inception to January 2023. Studies were eligible if they used ANN to make predictions about MSD prognosis. Variables, model prediction accuracy, and disease type used in the ANN model were extracted and charted, then presented as a table along with narrative synthesis. Eighteen Studies were included in this scoping review, with 16 different types of musculoskeletal diseases. The accuracy of the ANN model predictions ranged from 0.542 to 0.947. ANN models were more accurate compared to traditional logistic regression models. This scoping review suggests that ANN can predict the prognosis of musculoskeletal diseases, which has the potential to be applied to different types of MSD., Peer Reviewed

© 2019 Green reactions not only provide us chemical products without any pollution, but also offer us the viable technology to realize difficult tasks in normal conditions. Photo-, photoelectro-, and electrocatalytic reactions are indeed powerful tools to help us to embrace bright future. Especially, some gas-involved reactions are extremely useful to change our life environments from energy systems to liquid fuels and cost-effective products, such as H2 evolution (H2 production), O2 evolution/reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction (or N2 fixation) reactions. We can provide fuel cells clean H2 for electric vehicles from H2 evolution reaction (HER), at the same time, we also need highly efficient O2 reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells for improving the reaction kinetics. Moreover, we can get the clean oxidant O2 from water through O2 evolution reaction (OER), and carry out some reactions without posing any pollution to reaction systems. Furthermore, we can translate the greenhouse gas CO2 into useful liquid fuels through CO2 reduction reaction (CRR). Last but not the least, we can get ammonia from N2 reduction reaction (NRR), which can decrease energy input compared to the traditional Hubble process. These reactions, such as HER, ORR, OER, CRR, and NRR could be realized through solar-, photoelectro- and electro-assisted ways. For them, the catalysts used play crucial roles in determining the efficiency and kinds of products, so we should consider the efficiency of catalysts. However, the cost, synthetic methods of catalysts should also be considered. Nowadays, significant progress has been achieved, however, many challenges still exist, reaction systems, catalysts underlying mechanisms, and so on. As extremely active fields, we should pay attention to them. Under the background, it has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ‘Gas-Involved Photo- and Electro-Catalysis’.

© 2019 Green reactions not only provide us chemical products without any pollution, but also offer us the viable technology to realize difficult tasks in normal conditions. Photo-, photoelectro-, and electrocatalytic reactions are indeed powerful tools to help us to embrace bright future. Especially, some gas-involved reactions are extremely useful to change our life environments from energy systems to liquid fuels and cost-effective products, such as H2 evolution (H2 production), O2 evolution/reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction (or N2 fixation) reactions. We can provide fuel cells clean H2 for electric vehicles from H2 evolution reaction (HER), at the same time, we also need highly efficient O2 reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells for improving the reaction kinetics. Moreover, we can get the clean oxidant O2 from water through O2 evolution reaction (OER), and carry out some reactions without posing any pollution to reaction systems. Furthermore, we can translate the greenhouse gas CO2 into useful liquid fuels through CO2 reduction reaction (CRR). Last but not the least, we can get ammonia from N2 reduction reaction (NRR), which can decrease energy input compared to the traditional Hubble process. These reactions, such as HER, ORR, OER, CRR, and NRR could be realized through solar-, photoelectro- and electro-assisted ways. For them, the catalysts used play crucial roles in determining the efficiency and kinds of products, so we should consider the efficiency of catalysts. However, the cost, synthetic methods of catalysts should also be considered. Nowadays, significant progress has been achieved, however, many challenges still exist, reaction systems, catalysts underlying mechanisms, and so on. As extremely active fields, we should pay attention to them. Under the background, it has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ‘Gas-Involved Photo- and Electro-Catalysis’.

© 2019 Green reactions not only provide us chemical products without any pollution, but also offer us the viable technology to realize difficult tasks in normal conditions. Photo-, photoelectro-, and electrocatalytic reactions are indeed powerful tools to help us to embrace bright future. Especially, some gas-involved reactions are extremely useful to change our life environments from energy systems to liquid fuels and cost-effective products, such as H2 evolution (H2 production), O2 evolution/reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction (or N2 fixation) reactions. We can provide fuel cells clean H2 for electric vehicles from H2 evolution reaction (HER), at the same time, we also need highly efficient O2 reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells for improving the reaction kinetics. Moreover, we can get the clean oxidant O2 from water through O2 evolution reaction (OER), and carry out some reactions without posing any pollution to reaction systems. Furthermore, we can translate the greenhouse gas CO2 into useful liquid fuels through CO2 reduction reaction (CRR). Last but not the least, we can get ammonia from N2 reduction reaction (NRR), which can decrease energy input compared to the traditional Hubble process. These reactions, such as HER, ORR, OER, CRR, and NRR could be realized through solar-, photoelectro- and electro-assisted ways. For them, the catalysts used play crucial roles in determining the efficiency and kinds of products, so we should consider the efficiency of catalysts. However, the cost, synthetic methods of catalysts should also be considered. Nowadays, significant progress has been achieved, however, many challenges still exist, reaction systems, catalysts underlying mechanisms, and so on. As extremely active fields, we should pay attention to them. Under the background, it has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ‘Gas-Involved Photo- and Electro-Catalysis’.

Green reactions not only provide us chemical products without any pollution, but also offer us the viable technology to realize difficult tasks in normal conditions. Photo-, photoelectro-, and electrocatalytic reactions are indeed powerful tools to help us to embrace bright future. Especially, some gas-involved reactions are extremely useful to change our life environments from energy systems to liquid fuels and cost-effective products, such as H2 evolution (H2 production), O2 evolution/reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction (or N2 fixation) reactions. We can provide fuel cells clean H2 for electric vehicles from H2 evolution reaction (HER), at the same time, we also need highly efficient O2 reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells for improving the reaction kinetics. Moreover, we can get the clean oxidant O2 from water through O2 evolution reaction (OER), and carry out some reactions without posing any pollution to reaction systems. Furthermore, we can translate the greenhouse gas CO2 into useful liquid fuels through CO2 reduction reaction (CRR). Last but not the least, we can get ammonia from N2 reduction reaction (NRR), which can decrease energy input compared to the traditional Hubble process. These reactions, such as HER, ORR, OER, CRR, and NRR could be realized through solar-, photoelectro- and electro-assisted ways. For them, the catalysts used play crucial roles in determining the efficiency and kinds of products, so we should consider the efficiency of catalysts. However, the cost, synthetic methods of catalysts should also be considered. Nowadays, significant progress has been achieved, however, many challenges still exist, reaction systems, catalysts underlying mechanisms, and so on. As extremely active fields, we should pay attention to them. Under the background, it has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ‘Gas-Involved Photo- and Electro-Catalysis’. © 2019

© 2019 Green reactions not only provide us chemical products without any pollution, but also offer us the viable technology to realize difficult tasks in normal conditions. Photo-, photoelectro-, and electrocatalytic reactions are indeed powerful tools to help us to embrace bright future. Especially, some gas-involved reactions are extremely useful to change our life environments from energy systems to liquid fuels and cost-effective products, such as H2 evolution (H2 production), O2 evolution/reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction (or N2 fixation) reactions. We can provide fuel cells clean H2 for electric vehicles from H2 evolution reaction (HER), at the same time, we also need highly efficient O2 reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells for improving the reaction kinetics. Moreover, we can get the clean oxidant O2 from water through O2 evolution reaction (OER), and carry out some reactions without posing any pollution to reaction systems. Furthermore, we can translate the greenhouse gas CO2 into useful liquid fuels through CO2 reduction reaction (CRR). Last but not the least, we can get ammonia from N2 reduction reaction (NRR), which can decrease energy input compared to the traditional Hubble process. These reactions, such as HER, ORR, OER, CRR, and NRR could be realized through solar-, photoelectro- and electro-assisted ways. For them, the catalysts used play crucial roles in determining the efficiency and kinds of products, so we should consider the efficiency of catalysts. However, the cost, synthetic methods of catalysts should also be considered. Nowadays, significant progress has been achieved, however, many challenges still exist, reaction systems, catalysts underlying mechanisms, and so on. As extremely active fields, we should pay attention to them. Under the background, it has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ‘Gas-Involved Photo- and Electro-Catalysis’.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2nd language proficiency and linguistic uncertainty on performance and listening effort in mixed language contexts. Method Thirteen native speakers of Dutch with varying degrees of fluency in English listened to and repeated sentences produced in both Dutch and English and presented in the presence of single-talker competing speech in both Dutch and English. Target and masker language combinations were presented in both blocked and mixed (unpredictable) conditions. In the blocked condition, in each block of trials the target–masker language combination remained constant, and the listeners were informed of both prior to beginning the block. In the mixed condition, target and masker language varied randomly from trial to trial. All listeners participated in all conditions. Performance was assessed in terms of speech reception thresholds, whereas listening effort was quantified in terms of pupil dilation. Results Performance (speech reception thresholds) and listening effort (pupil dilation) were both affected by 2nd language proficiency (English test score) and target and masker language: Performance was better in blocked as compared to mixed conditions, with Dutch as compared to English targets, and with English as compared to Dutch maskers. English proficiency was correlated with listening performance. Listeners also exhibited greater peak pupil dilation in mixed as compared to blocked conditions for trials with Dutch maskers, whereas pupil dilation during preparation for speaking was higher for English targets as compared to Dutch ones in almost all conditions. Conclusions Both listener's proficiency in a 2nd language and uncertainty about the target language on a given trial play a significant role in how bilingual listeners attend to speech in the presence of competing speech in different languages, but precise effects also depend on which language is serving as target and which as masker., Funding Agencies|Purdue University

Statistical analysis (SA) is a complex process to deduce population properties from analysis of data. It usually takes a well-trained analyst to successfully perform SA, and it becomes extremely challenging to apply SA to big data applications. We propose to use deep neural networks to automate the SA process. In particular, we propose to construct convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to perform automatic model selection and parameter estimation, two most important SA tasks. We refer to the resulting CNNs as the neural model selector and the neural model estimator, respectively, which can be properly trained using labeled data systematically generated from candidate models. Simulation study shows that both the selector and estimator demonstrate excellent performances. The idea and proposed framework can be further extended to automate the entire SA process and have the potential to revolutionize how SA is performed in big data analytics.

Rongrong Zhang, Yun Ru, Yiping Gao, Jinyin Li, Shilong Mao Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University Xuhui Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Cisplatin plus gemcitabine (GEM) is a standard regimen for the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The aim of this study was to prepare biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric prodrugs and construct nanoparticles (NPs) with layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. Methods: Platinum (Pt) (IV) complex with a carboxyl group was conjugated to the amino group of chitosan (CH), resulting in a CH-Pt conjugation with positive charge. GEM with amino group was conjugated to the carboxyl group of hyaluronic acid (HA), resulting in a HA-GEM conjugation with negative charge. Novel LbL NPs consisting of the CH-Pt core and the HA-GEM layer, named as HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs, were constructed. The physicochemical properties of the HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs were investigated. In vitro cytotoxicity against human non-small lung cancer cells (NCl-H460 cells) was investigated, and in vivo antitumor efficiency was evaluated on mice bearing NCl-H460 cells xenografts. Results: HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs have a size of about 187 nm, a zeta potential value of -21 mV and high drug encapsulation efficiency of 90%. The drug release of HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs exhibited a sustained behavior. HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs could significantly enhance in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor effect against lung cancer animal model compared to the single-drug-loaded NPs and free drug solutions. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs might be a promising system for the synergetic treatment of lung carcinoma. Keywords: lung cancer, combination chemotherapy, cisplatin, gemcitabine, layer-by-layer technology

Rongrong Zhang, Farhang Modaresi, Oleg Borisenko Synergus AB, Stockholm, Sweden Background: The objective of this study is to identify and review the methodological quality of health economic evaluations of medical devices performed in the People's Republic of China. To our knowledge, no such investigations have been performed to date. Methods: A systematic literature review involving searches of Medline, Medline In-Process, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry of the Tufts Medical Center, and the Wanfang Database was performed. The search spanned the period from 1990 to 2013. Studies on health economic evaluations of medical devices, in-vitro diagnostics, procedures, and the use of medical devices in Chinese health care settings were included. Full-text articles and conference abstracts in English and Chinese were included. Results: Fifty-seven publications were included, 26 (46%) of which were in English and 31 (54%) of which were in Chinese. The included publications covered a wide range of clinical areas, such as surgery (n=23, 40%), screening (n=9, 16%), imaging use (n=6, 11%), kidney intervention (n=4, 7%), and nine other technological areas. Most of the studies (n=31, 54%) were cost analyses. Among the others, 13 (50%) studies used modeling, and another 13 (50%) were within-trial evaluations. Among studies that used modeling, eleven (85%) conducted sensitivity analyses, six of which had one-way sensitivity analysis, whereas one conducted both one-way and two-way sensitivity analyses; four of these eleven modeling-based analyses included probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was reported in ten (18%) studies, eight of which were screening studies. The remaining two modeling studies were in areas of imaging and oncology. Conclusion: This study indicates that there are major limitations and deficiencies in the health economic evaluations on medical device

Graphic method and analytical method are often used for calculation analysis of kinematics and dynamics of the crank-rocker mechanism. However, the analysis procedure is usually complicated and the analysis results can not be expressed visually and directly. Programs are made on the basis of theoretical analysis of kinematics and dynamics in this paper, and a kind of analyzing system of crank-rocker mechanism is designed with Java. This system may analyze the crank-rocker mechanism’s motion state, stress condition and its change regulation in different operating conditions, as well as different rotation angles of the crank. This system has also a friendly man-machine interface. Calculation results are expressed through textbox and parametric curve. Each window of the system has the following buttons: calculation button, save button, output curve button, print button, maximum/minimum value output button and exit button. This system may evidently reduce the calculation workload and improve working efficiency.

Yanan Liu, Shuo Zhang, Rongrong Hu, Chao Li, Gang Chen, Xiaoxiao Shi, Yan Liu, Ke Zheng, Hang Li, Yubing Wen, Xuemei Li, Xuewang Li, Peng Xia, Yan Qin Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Peng Xia; Yan Qin, Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 01069155058, Email 7-xp@163.com; qinyanbeijing@126.comPurpose: There are increasing reports of atypical membranous nephropathy (AMN) cases with similar pathological characteristics to secondary membranous nephropathy (SMN) without definite underlying causes. Although rituximab has become a first-line option in treating idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), the efficacy and safety of rituximab-based regimen for AMN is not clear.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center study. AMN patients who received rituximab-based therapy were included. IMN patients treated with rituximab during the same period were selected as the control group matched by gender, sex, baseline urinary protein and albumin levels. Baseline data and follow-up data were collected.Results: A total of 20 AMN patients and 40 IMN patients were included. The baseline levels of urinary protein were comparable between the two groups [6.77 (IQR 3.34, 11.49) g/24 h vs 6.47 (IQR 3.4, 10.76) g/24 h, P=0.944]. The baseline levels of serum albumin were 26.15± 6.71 g/L and 26.8± 5.54 g/L (P=0.689) respectively. The cumulative remission rate for rituximab-based treatment at the 12th month was lower in AMN group than IMN group [13 (65%) vs 36 (90%), P=0.045]. In AMN group, non-responders showed a higher level of proteinuria and a worse renal function at baseline than those of responders. There was no significant difference in the overall adverse events or serio