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If a hypothetical elementary particle called an axion exists, to solve the strong CP problem, a 57Fe nucleus in the solar core could emit a 14.4-keV monochromatic axion through the M1 transition. If such axions are once more transformed into photons by a 57Fe absorber, a transition edge sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeter should be able to detect them efficiently. We have designed and fabricated a dedicated 64-pixel TES array with iron absorbers for the solar axion search. In order to decrease the effect of iron magnetization on spectroscopic performance, the iron absorber is placed next to the TES while maintaining a certain distance. A gold thermal transfer strap connects them. We have accomplished the electroplating of gold straps with high thermal conductivity. The residual resistivity ratio (RRR) was over 23, more than eight times higher than a previous evaporated strap. In addition, we successfully electroplated pure-iron films of more than a few micrometers in thickness for absorbers and a fabricated 64-pixel TES calorimeter structure., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, published in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity on 8 March 2023

The isotopic signature of atmospheric carbon offers a unique tracer for the history of the Martian atmosphere and the origin of organic matter on Mars. Photolysis of CO$_{2}$ is known to induce strong isotopic fractionation of carbon between CO$_{2}$ and CO. However, its effect on the carbon isotopic compositions in the Martian atmosphere remains uncertain. Here we develop a 1-D photochemical model considering isotopic fractionation via photolysis of CO$_{2}$ to estimate the vertical profiles of the carbon isotopic compositions of CO and CO$_{2}$ in the Martian atmosphere. We find that CO is depleted in $^{13}$C compared with CO$_{2}$ at each altitude due to the fractionation via CO$_{2}$ photolysis: the minimum value of $\delta ^{13}$C in CO is about $-170$ per mil under the standard eddy diffusion setting. This result supports the hypothesis that fractionated atmospheric CO is responsible for the production of the $^{13}$C-depleted organic carbon in Martian sediments detected by Curiosity Rover through the conversion of CO into organic materials and their deposition on the surface. The photolysis and transport-induced fractionation of CO we report here leads to a $\sim 15$ % decrease in the amount of inferred atmospheric loss when combined with the present-day fractionation of the atmosphere and previous studies of carbon escape to space. The fractionated isotopic composition of CO in the Martian atmosphere may be observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) and ground-based telescopes, and escaping ion species produced by the fractionated carbon-bearing species may be detected by Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) in the future., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures

We present CO density profiles up to about 100 km in the Martian atmosphere obtained for the first time from retrievals of solar occultation measurements by the Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) onboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). CO is an important trace gas on Mars, as it is controlled by CO2 photolysis, chemical reaction with the OH radicals, and the global dynamics. However, the measurements of CO vertical profiles have been elusive until the arrival of TGO. We show how the NOMAD CO variations describe very well the Mars general circulation. We observe a depletion of CO in the upper troposphere and mesosphere during the peak period, LS = 190°–200°, more pronounced over the northern latitudes, confirming a similar result recently reported by Atmospheric Chemistry Suite onboard TGO. However, in the lower troposphere around 20 km, and at least at high latitudes of the S. hemisphere, NOMAD CO mixing ratios increase over 1,500 ppmv during the GDS (Global Dust Storm) onset. This might be related to the downwelling branch of the Hadley circulation. A subsequent increase in tropospheric CO is observed during the decay phase of the GDS around LS = 210°–250° when the dust loading is still high. This could be associated with a reduction in the amount of OH radicals in the lower atmosphere due to lack of solar insolation. Once the GDS is over, CO steadily decreases globally during the southern summer season. A couple of distinct CO patterns associated with the Summer solstice and equinox circulation are reported and discussed. © 2023. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Using the Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument aboard Trace Gas Orbiter, we derived the CO/CO2 profiles between 75 and 105 km altitude with the equivalent width technique. The derived CO/CO2 profiles showed significant seasonal variations in the southern hemisphere with decreases near perihelion and increases near aphelion. The estimation of the CO/CO2 profiles with a one-dimensional photochemical model shows that an altitude-dependent eddy diffusion coefficient better reproduces the observed profiles than a vertically uniform one. Our estimation suggests that the eddy diffusion coefficient in Ls = 240–270 is uniformly larger by a factor of ∼2 than that in Ls = 90–120 in the southern hemisphere, while they are comparable in the northern hemisphere. This fact demonstrates that the eddy diffusion coefficient is variable with season and latitude. © 2022. The Authors.

Endocytosis is a multistep process involving the sequential recruitment and action of numerous proteins. This process can be divided into two phases: an early phase, in which sites of endocytosis are formed, and a late phase in which clathrin-coated vesicles are formed and internalized into the cytosol, but how these phases link to each other remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that anchoring the yeast Eps15-like protein Pan1p to the peroxisome triggers most of the events occurring during the late phase at the peroxisome. At this ectopic location, Pan1p recruits most proteins that function in the late phases-including actin nucleation promoting factors-and then initiates actin polymerization. Pan1p also recruited Prk1 kinase and actin depolymerizing factors, thereby triggering disassembly immediately after actin assembly and inducing dissociation of endocytic proteins from the peroxisome. These observations suggest that Pan1p is a key regulator for initiating, processing, and completing the late phase of endocytosis.

We present a study of the SOIR/Venus Express CO2 and CO profiles in order to constrain the eddy diffusion profile in the Venus mesosphere (80 to 130 km of altitude). We compute the mean number density profile of both species, and the hydrostatic temperature based on the CO2 mean density profile. We use a 1D-photochemical/ diffusion model to adjust the eddy diffusion profile such that the 1D-model and SOIR CO profiles best agree. We compare our results with eddy diffusion profiles found in the literature. We use our approach to revisit the He and CO2 profiles from Pioneer Venus probe mass spectrometer in order to derive an eddy diffusion profile extending from 80 to 200 km of altitude. Our eddy diffusion profile is different in shape and in magnitude compared to the Pioneer Venus profile: it is equal to 3.6 × 106 cm2/s at 110 km, 7.5 × 106 cm2/s at 120 km, 0.4 × 106 cm2/s at 130 km, and 201 × 106 cm2/s at 140 km, and constant below 110 km and above 140 km. This new eddy diffusion profile can be used in Venus Global Circulation Models as well as 1D-photochemical models.

This study describes a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with dispersive solid‐phase extraction method based on phenyl‐functionalized magnetic sorbent for the preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water, sugarcane juice, and tea samples prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. Several important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated thoroughly, including the mass of sorbent, type and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time, type of desorption solvent, desorption time, type and amount of salt‐induced demulsifier, and sample volume. Under the optimized extraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric conditions, the method revealed good linearity (10–100000 ng/L) with coefficient of determination (R2) of ≥0.9951, low limits of detection (3–16 ng/L), high enrichment factors (61–239), and satisfactory analyte recoveries (86.3–109.1%) with the relative standard deviations < 10% (n = 5). The entire sample preparation procedure was simple, rapid and can be accomplished within 10 min. This method was applied (after pretreatment) to 30 selected samples, and the presence of studied analytes was quantified in 17 samples.

This study describes a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with dispersive solid‐phase extraction method based on phenyl‐functionalized magnetic sorbent for the preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water, sugarcane juice, and tea samples prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. Several important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated thoroughly, including the mass of sorbent, type and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time, type of desorption solvent, desorption time, type and amount of salt‐induced demulsifier, and sample volume. Under the optimized extraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric conditions, the method revealed good linearity (10–100000 ng/L) with coefficient of determination (R2) of ≥0.9951, low limits of detection (3–16 ng/L), high enrichment factors (61–239), and satisfactory analyte recoveries (86.3–109.1%) with the relative standard deviations < 10% (n = 5). The entire sample preparation procedure was simple, rapid and can be accomplished within 10 min. This method was applied (after pretreatment) to 30 selected samples, and the presence of studied analytes was quantified in 17 samples.

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), an overlap of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, is an intractable pediatric myeloid neoplasm. Epigenetic regulation of transcription, particularly by CpG methylation, plays an important role in tumor progression, mainly by repressing tumor-suppressor genes. To clarify the clinical importance of aberrant DNA methylation, we studied the hypermethylation status of 16 target genes in the genomes of 92 patients with JMML by bisulfite conversion and the pryosequencing technique. Among 16 candidate genes, BMP4, CALCA, CDKN2A, and RARB exhibited significant hypermethylation in 72% (67/92) of patients. Based on the number of hypermethylated genes, patients were stratified into three cohorts based on an aberrant methylation score (AMS) of 0, 1-2, or 3-4. In the AMS 0 cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and transplantation-free survival (TFS) were good (69% and 76%, respectively). In the AMS 1-2 cohort, the 5-year OS was comparable to that in the AMS 0 cohort (68%), whereas TFS was poor (6%). In the AMS 3-4 cohort, 5-year OS and TFS were markedly low (8% and 0%, respectively). Epigenetic analysis provides helpful information for clinicians to select treatment strategies for patients with JMML. For patients with AMS 3-4 in whom hematopoietic stem cell transplantation does not improve the prognosis, alternative therapies, including DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and new molecular-targeting agents, should be established as treatment options.

To decrease the amount of precious metal usage for Pd-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidation, various amount of Cu-contained Pd bimetallic nanoparticle-supported solid base hydrotalcite catalyst (Pd_xCu_y-PVP/HTs) were prepared and applied for aerobic benzyl alcohol oxidation. It was found that the addition of Cu atoms into Pd in the range of 0-40% provided a similar or a little superior activity to that of Pd_<100>-PVP catalyst, whereas a large quantity of co-existence Cu (>40%) gradually decreased their activity of the catalyst. The aerobic benzyl alcohol oxidation over Pd_<80>Cu_<20>-PVP/HT served 77% yield and 95% selectivity towards benzaldehyde at 313 K for 5 h in toluene under O_2 flow. X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies and scanning transmission electron microscopy-high angle annuar dark field (STEM-HAADF) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses suggested that Cu atoms doping into Pd(0) NP influenced not only localized nanostructure but also oxidation state around Pd atoms. We suggested that substitution of precious metal with small amount of transition metals such as Cu lead to geometric/electronic changes in active sites would be one of nice strategies for reducing the cost for the catalyst in the oxidation process.

We examined the detection range and the accuracy of fine-scale positioning using Vemco Positioning System (VPS) for understanding the habitat use of Mekong giant catfish at Kaeng Krachan reservoir, Thailand. The appropriate distance between receivers and sound pressure of transmitters for the VPS was determined from the detection range test. We deployed 24 receivers at 500 m distance for the VPS positioning. The positioning accuracy was estimated using the stationary transmitters at fixed locations in the VPS array. The positions of the stationary transmitters were measured accurately (< 15 m). These results suggest that the VPS positioning can be useful for investigating fine-scale habitat use of Mekong giant catfish., March 18-19, 2013

We examined the detection range and the accuracy of fine-scale positioning using Vemco Positioning System (VPS) for understanding the habitat use of Mekong giant catfish at Kaeng Krachan reservoir, Thailand. The appropriate distance between receivers and sound pressure of transmitters for the VPS was determined from the detection range test. We deployed 24 receivers at 500 m distance for the VPS positioning. The positioning accuracy was estimated using the stationary transmitters at fixed locations in the VPS array. The positions of the stationary transmitters were measured accurately (< 15 m). These results suggest that the VPS positioning can be useful for investigating fine-scale habitat use of Mekong giant catfish.

It is difficult to directly observe the behavior of fish in the natural environment. Acoustic telemetry is a powerful tool used to clarify spatial movement patterns of several fish species in the natural habitats successfully over decades. Recently, a new type of transmitter installed with an accelerometer allows us to measure fish activities using acoustic telemetry. In this paper, we introduce preliminary results of the tank experiment using acoustic acceleration transmitters. We inserted an acoustic acceleration transmitter (AccelTag, Thelma Biotel, Trondheim, Norway) into the body cavities of red-spotted groupers (Epinephelus akaara) under anesthesia. During the tank experiment, we observed the fish activity simultaneously using a video camera. The result showed that the period during which the fish were active or inactive could be determined using the acceleration acoustic transmitters., February 20-21, 2012, BANGKOK, THAILAND

It is difficult to directly observe the behavior of fish in the natural environment. Acoustic telemetry is a powerful tool used to clarify spatial movement patterns of several fish species in the natural habitats successfully over decades. Recently, a new type of transmitter installed with an accelerometer allows us to measure fish activities using acoustic telemetry. In this paper, we introduce preliminary results of the tank experiment using acoustic acceleration transmitters. We inserted an acoustic acceleration transmitter (AccelTag, Thelma Biotel, Trondheim, Norway) into the body cavities of red-spotted groupers (Epinephelus akaara) under anesthesia. During the tank experiment, we observed the fish activity simultaneously using a video camera. The result showed that the period during which the fish were active or inactive could be determined using the acceleration acoustic transmitters.

A hot-pack made of a dense polymer and warmed in a microwave oven can be used as a warming instrument. This study was performed to examine the effects of a hot-pack, which was used to warm the lower limbs, on the skin surface temperature of elderly people living in a nursing home. The results demonstrated that hot-pack warming is useful to increase the skin surface temperature of elderly people and to maintain a hyperthermic effect. This method of hot-pack warming can also be used as thermal therapy in elderly people living in nursing homes., 7, KJ00007506799, P, Original

Using the Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument aboard Trace Gas Orbiter, we derived the CO/CO2 profiles between 75 and 105 km altitude with the equivalent width technique. The derived CO/CO2 profiles showed significant seasonal variations in the southern hemisphere with decreases near perihelion and increases near aphelion. The estimation of the CO/CO2 profiles with a one‐dimensional photochemical model shows that an altitude‐dependent eddy diffusion coefficient better reproduces the observed profiles than a vertically uniform one. Our estimation suggests that the eddy diffusion coefficient in Ls = 240–270 is uniformly larger by a factor of ∼2 than that in Ls = 90–120 in the southern hemisphere, while they are comparable in the northern hemisphere. This fact demonstrates that the eddy diffusion coefficient is variable with season and latitude.

We present CO density profiles up to about 100 km in the Martian atmosphere obtained for the first time from retrievals of solar occultation measurements by the Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) onboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). CO is an important trace gas on Mars, as it is controlled by CO2 photolysis, chemical reaction with the OH radicals, and the global dynamics. However, the measurements of CO vertical profiles have been elusive until the arrival of TGO. We show how the NOMAD CO variations describe very well the Mars general circulation. We observe a depletion of CO in the upper troposphere and mesosphere during the peak period, LS = 190°–200°, more pronounced over the northern latitudes, confirming a similar result recently reported by ACS onboard TGO. However, in the lower troposphere around 20 km, and at least at high latitudes of the S. hemisphere, NOMAD CO mixing ratios increase over 1500 ppmv during the GDS (Global Dust Storm) onset. This might be related to the downwelling branch of the Hadley circulation. A subsequent increase in tropospheric CO is observed during the decay phase of the GDS around LS = 210° − −250° when the dust loading is still high. This could be associated with a reduction in the amount of OH radicals in the lower atmosphere due to lack of solar insolation. Once the GDS is over, CO steadily decreases globally during the southern summer season. A couple of distinct CO patterns associated with the Summer solstice and equinox circulation are reported and discussed.

Using the Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument aboard Trace Gas Orbiter, we derived the CO/CO2 profiles between 75 and 105 km altitude with the equivalent width technique. The derived CO/CO2 profiles showed significant seasonal variations in the southern hemisphere with decreases near perihelion and increases near aphelion. The estimation of the CO/CO2 profiles with a one‐dimensional photochemical model shows that an altitude‐dependent eddy diffusion coefficient better reproduces the observed profiles than a vertically uniform one. Our estimation suggests that the eddy diffusion coefficient in Ls = 240–270 is uniformly larger by a factor of ∼2 than that in Ls = 90–120 in the southern hemisphere, while they are comparable in the northern hemisphere. This fact demonstrates that the eddy diffusion coefficient is variable with season and latitude.