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Hydrological modeling often requires long-term and stable runoff data. Due to limitations in hydrological stations, hydrological modeling in small-scale catchments faces the challenge of data scarcity. To overcome the challenge of incomplete hydrological data, an integrated modeling approach that includes a semi-distributed hydrological and a hydrodynamic numerical model was employed in a small-scale catchment located in Isserstedt, upstream of the Leutra River, Germany. The results indicated that this integrated modeling approach effectively leverages the strengths of each model and reasonably predicted peak flows. As a measure for regional runoff management, keyline method contributed to more stable hydrographs and lower peak flows, and played a role in water storage and local climate regulation. The framework proposed in this study provided valuable insights into critical storms, hydrographs, and flood extent in storm runoff extremes.

Gehang Ju,1– 3 Xin Liu,1– 3 Wenyu Yang,4 Nuo Xu,4 Lulu Chen,3,5 Chenchen Zhang,6 Qingfeng He,4 Xiao Zhu,4,* Dongsheng Ouyang1– 3,5,* 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 3Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 6School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dongsheng Ouyang; Xiao Zhu, Email 801940@csu.edu.cn; xiaozhu@fudan.edu.cnIntroduction: Isoniazid (INH) is a crucial first-line anti tuberculosis (TB) drug used in adults and children. However, various factors can alter its pharmacokinetics (PK). This article aims to establish a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models repository of INH to facilitate clinical use.Methods: A literature search was conducted until August 23, 2022, using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. We excluded published popPK studies that did not provide full model parameters or used a non-parametric method. Monte Carlo simulation works was based on RxODE. The popPK models repository was established using R. Non-compartment analysis was based on IQnca.Results: Fourteen studies included in the repository, with eleven studies conducted in adults, three studies in children, one in pregnant women. Two-compartment with allometric scaling models were commonly used as structural models. NAT2 acetylator phenotype significantly affecting the apparent clearance (CL). Moreover, postmenstrual age (PMA) influenced the CL in pediatric patie

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have aroused great concern owing to their widespread occurrence and toxic effects. However, their long-term trends and multimedia fate remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and periodic oscillations of PFOS and PFOA in the Elbe River between 2010 and 2021. Anthropogenic emission inventories and multimedia fugacity model were developed to analyse their historical and future transport fates and quantify related human risks in each medium for the three age groups. The results show that average PFOS and PFOA concentrations in the Elbe River were 4.08 and 3.41 ng/L, declining at the annual rate of 7.36% and 4.98% during the study period, respectively. Periodic oscillations of their concentrations and mass fluxes were most pronounced at 40–60 and 20–40 months. The multimedia fugacity model revealed that higher concentrations occurred in fish (PFOS: 14.29, PFOA: 0.40 ng/g), while the soil was their dominant sink (PFOS: 179, PFOA: 95 tons). The exchange flux between water and sediment was the dominant pathway in multimedia transportation (397 kg/year). Although PFOS and PFOA concentrations are projected to decrease by 22.41% and 50.08%, respectively, from 2021 to 2050, the hazard quotient of PFOS in fish is a low hazard. This study provides information for the assessment of PFOS and PFOA pollution in global watersheds and the development of related mitigation policies, such as banning fish predation in polluted rivers, to mitigate their risks.

Tropical forests are a key component of the global carbon cycle. With plans for upcoming space-borne missions like BIOMASS to monitor forestry, several airborne missions, including TropiSAR and AfriSAR campaigns, have been successfully launched and experimented. Typical Synthetic Aperture Radar Tomography (TomoSAR) methods involve complex models with low accuracy and high computation costs. In recent years, deep learning methods have also gained attention in the TomoSAR framework, showing interesting performance. Recently, a solution based on a fully connected Tomographic Neural Network (TSNN) has demonstrated its effectiveness in accurately estimating forest and ground heights by exploiting the pixel-wise elements of the covariance matrix derived from TomoSAR data. This work instead goes beyond the pixel-wise approach to define a context-aware deep learning-based solution named CATSNet. A convolutional neural network is considered to leverage patch-based information and extract features from a neighborhood rather than focus on a single pixel. The training is conducted by considering TomoSAR data as the input and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) values as the ground truth. The experimental results show striking advantages in both performance and generalization ability by leveraging context information within Multiple Baselines (MB) TomoSAR data across different polarimetric modalities, surpassing existing techniques., Comment: Submitted to IEEE TGRS, under review

Over the past decades, climate change and urbanization have altered the regional hydro-environments, causing a series of stormwater management problems including urban flood and non-point pollution. Low impact development (LID) has been identified as a sustainable strategy for stormwater management. However, given the complex impacts of climate change and urbanization on hydro-environments, the performance of LID strategy under future changes remains largely unexplored. Accordingly, this research characterized the LID performance under changes in climate and urbanization. To provide an additional reference to sustainable stormwater management, the following specific topics were addressed: (1) Through hydraulic and water quality modeling, the LID performances of flood mitigation and pollution removal were systematically evaluated at the city scale. (2) Through uncertainty analysis, the impact of model parameter uncertainty on the LID performance was taken into account. (3) Through sensitivity analysis, the impact of LID technical parameters (e.g., surface features, soil textures) on the LID performance was quantified. (4) Through scenario analysis, the LID performances under different hydrological patterns were compared. (5) Through spatial analysis, the distribution of LID performance on different land-cover types was determined. (6) Through adopting general circulation model (GCM) projections, the LID performance under future climate scenarios with different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) was investigated. (7) Through adopting integrated assessment model (IAM) projections, the LID performance under future urbanization scenarios with different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) was explored. (8) By coupling climate and urbanization projections with land-cover distribution, the spatiotemporal trends of LID performance in the future were characterized.:Table of Contents List of Abbreviations VII List of Peer-Reviewed Publications on the Ph.D. Topic IX

Over the past decades, climate change and urbanization have altered the regional hydro-environments, causing a series of stormwater management problems including urban flood and non-point pollution. Low impact development (LID) has been identified as a sustainable strategy for stormwater management. However, given the complex impacts of climate change and urbanization on hydro-environments, the performance of LID strategy under future changes remains largely unexplored. Accordingly, this research characterized the LID performance under changes in climate and urbanization. To provide an additional reference to sustainable stormwater management, the following specific topics were addressed: (1) Through hydraulic and water quality modeling, the LID performances of flood mitigation and pollution removal were systematically evaluated at the city scale. (2) Through uncertainty analysis, the impact of model parameter uncertainty on the LID performance was taken into account. (3) Through sensitivity analysis, the impact of LID technical parameters (e.g., surface features, soil textures) on the LID performance was quantified. (4) Through scenario analysis, the LID performances under different hydrological patterns were compared. (5) Through spatial analysis, the distribution of LID performance on different land-cover types was determined. (6) Through adopting general circulation model (GCM) projections, the LID performance under future climate scenarios with different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) was investigated. (7) Through adopting integrated assessment model (IAM) projections, the LID performance under future urbanization scenarios with different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) was explored. (8) By coupling climate and urbanization projections with land-cover distribution, the spatiotemporal trends of LID performance in the future were characterized.:Table of Contents List of Abbreviations VII List of Peer-Reviewed Publications on the Ph.D. Topic IX

Xin Liu,1– 3 Gehang Ju,1– 3 Wenyu Yang,4 Lulu Chen,3,5,6 Nuo Xu,4 Qingfeng He,4 Xiao Zhu,4,* Dongsheng Ouyang1– 3,5,* 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 3Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dongsheng Ouyang, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd, Lutian Road 28, Changsha, 410221, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0731-84805380, Email ouyangyj@163.com Xiao Zhu, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China, Tel +862151980024, Email xiaozhu@fudan.edu.cnAbstract: Escitalopram (SCIT) represents a first-line antidepressant and antianxiety medication. Pharmacokinetic studies of SCIT have demonstrated considerable interindividual variability, emphasizing the need for personalized dosing. Accordingly, we aimed to create a repository of parametric population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models of SCIT to facilitate model-informed precision dosing. In November 2022, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for published PPK models and identified eight models. All the structural models reported in the literature were either one- or two-compartment models. In order to investigate the variances in model performance, the parameters of all PPK models were derived from the

Due to the light absorption and scattering induced by the water medium, underwater images usually suffer from some degradation problems, such as low contrast, color distortion, and blurring details, which aggravate the difficulty of downstream underwater understanding tasks. Therefore, how to obtain clear and visually pleasant images has become a common concern of people, and the task of underwater image enhancement (UIE) has also emerged as the times require. Among existing UIE methods, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) based methods perform well in visual aesthetics, while the physical model-based methods have better scene adaptability. Inheriting the advantages of the above two types of models, we propose a physical model-guided GAN model for UIE in this paper, referred to as PUGAN. The entire network is under the GAN architecture. On the one hand, we design a Parameters Estimation subnetwork (Par-subnet) to learn the parameters for physical model inversion, and use the generated color enhancement image as auxiliary information for the Two-Stream Interaction Enhancement sub-network (TSIE-subnet). Meanwhile, we design a Degradation Quantization (DQ) module in TSIE-subnet to quantize scene degradation, thereby achieving reinforcing enhancement of key regions. On the other hand, we design the Dual-Discriminators for the style-content adversarial constraint, promoting the authenticity and visual aesthetics of the results. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that our PUGAN outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both qualitative and quantitative metrics., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2023

We propose a Multimodal Machine Learning method for estimating the Photometric Redshifts of quasars (PhotoRedshift-MML for short), which has long been the subject of many investigations. Our method includes two main models, i.e. the feature transformation model by multimodal representation learning, and the photometric redshift estimation model by multimodal transfer learning. The prediction accuracy of the photometric redshift was significantly improved owing to the large amount of information offered by the generated spectral features learned from photometric data via the MML. A total of 415,930 quasars from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 17, with redshifts between 1 and 5, were screened for our experiments. We used |{\Delta}z| = |(z_phot-z_spec)/(1+z_spec)| to evaluate the redshift prediction and demonstrated a 4.04% increase in accuracy. With the help of the generated spectral features, the proportion of data with |{\Delta}z| < 0.1 can reach 84.45% of the total test samples, whereas it reaches 80.41% for single-modal photometric data. Moreover, the Root Mean Square (RMS) of |{\Delta}z| is shown to decreases from 0.1332 to 0.1235. Our method has the potential to be generalized to other astronomical data analyses such as galaxy classification and redshift prediction. The algorithm code can be found at https://github.com/HongShuxin/PhotoRedshift-MML ., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Intercropping of two or more crop species increases the efficiency of resource use and often produces a greater yield per unit land area. The relative efficiency of intercropping depends on row configuration, but there is a shortage of modelling-based evaluation of alternative intercropping options due to the inadequacy of standard process-based crop models to simulate resource capture, growth and yield formation when the canopy is spatially structured in strips. We implemented a light interception model for strip crops into the APSIM Classic model and combined it with a quasi-Bayesian approach to derive the model parameters to simulate crop growth and grain yield in maize-soybean strip intercropping. We used 4 years of field data for 5 different row configurations to derive key model parameters for simulation of light interception, LAI dynamics, biomass growth and grain yield of maize and soybean intercrops. Key model parameters (e.g. RUE, k etc.) were found to change with row-spacing and configuration, posing challenges to simulate different configurations with a single parameter set. The potential ranges of these key parameters were derived by constraining the model to observed data. The model can be potentially used to evaluate impact of planting configurations on productivity of strip intercropping systems, but the variability of key model parameters among configuration treatments calls for further in-depth research to improve modelling physiology of strip intercrops.

Intraspecific competition for light affects nutrient uptake of maize, especially during the seed filling phase (from the blistering-stage to physiological-maturity). Partial leaf removal only affects the top leaves and improves the light-environment, which could then enhance nutrient uptake during the seed filling phase. However, there is a shortage of quantitative information on the yield effects of such a management measure. A 3-year field trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of different leaf removal treatments (no removal of leaves (D0: control), removal of two leaves (D2), removal of four leaves (D4), and removal of six leaves (D6) from maize-canopy) on total dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake at the blistering-stage and physiological-maturity, plus seed number per plant, seed weight, and seed yield at physiological maturity. Compared to D0, at physiological-maturity, D2 significantly increased total dry matter accumulation (by 9%), and uptake of nitrogen (by 5%), phosphorus (by 10%), and potassium (by 4%); while excessive leaf removal treatments considerably reduced dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. Importantly, during the seed filling phase of maize, treatment D2 significantly enhanced the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by 76%, 40%, and 65%, respectively, compared to control. Treatment D2 increased seed number per plant (by 6.4%, from 448 under D0 to 477 in D2) and seed weight (by 5.7%). Relative to control, maize in D2 had 12%, 14%, and 11%, higher seed-yields in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, and it also improved the economic profit when taking into account labor costs. Graphic abstract: Graphical representation of changes in light transmittance, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, carbohydrate, and dry matter accumulation in maize plants as affected by different leaf removal treatments. Treatment codes represent no defoliation (D0: control), removal of two leaves (D2), removal

Strip width management is a critical factor for producing higher crop yields in relay intercropping systems. A 2-year field experiment was carried out during 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the effects of different strip width treatments on dry-matter production, major-nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) uptake, and competition parameters of soybean and maize in relay intercropping system. The strip width (SW) treatments were 0.40, 0.40, and 0.40 m (SW1); 0.40, 0.40, and 0.50 m (SW2); 0.40, 0.40, and 0.60 m (SW3); and 0.40, 0.40, and 0.70 m (SW4) for soybean row spacing, maize row spacing, and spacing between soybean and maize rows, respectively. As compared to sole maize (SM) and sole soybean (SS), relay-intercropped maize and soybean accumulated lower quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in all treatments. However, maize in SW1 accumulated higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium than SW4 (9%, 9%, and 8% for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively). Soybean in SW3 accumulated 25% higher nitrogen, 33% higher phosphorus, and 24% higher potassium than in SW1. The improved nutrient accumulation in SW3 significantly increased the soybean dry matter by 19%, but slightly decreased the maize dry matter by 6% compared to SW1. Similarly, SW3 increased the competition ratio value of soybean (by 151%), but it reduced the competition ratio value of maize (by 171%) compared to SW1. On average, in SW3, relay-cropped soybean produced 84% of SS seed yield and maize produced 98% of SM seed yield and achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.8, demonstrating the highest level in the world. Overall, these results suggested that by selecting the appropriate strip width (SW3; 0.40 m for soybean row spacing, 0.40 m maize row spacing, and 0.60 m spacing between soybean and maize rows), we can increase the nutrient uptake (especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), dry-matter accumulation, and seed yields of relay-intercrop species under relay intercroppi

The article focuses on the description of proverbs with semantics of deficiency in Russian and Chinese. There are three groups of proverbs reflecting material and spiritual values, which are important for Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures. Material and spiritual objects are chosen to illustrate different significance in consciousness of diverse linguistic cultures., Статья посвящена описанию пословиц с семантикой отсутствия в русском и китайском языке. Выделяется три группы пословиц, отражающих важные для русской и китайской лингвокультур ценности — материальные и духовные. Выборка иллюстрирует разную значимость материальных и идеальных предметов для сознания носителей разных лингвокультур.

Currently, most anti-cancer therapies are still haunted by serious and deleterious adverse effects. Here, we report a highly biocompatible tumor cell-targeting delivery systems utilizing exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) that delivers a low-toxicity anti-cancer agent imperialine against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, we introduced a novel micelle-aided method to efficiently load imperialine into intact ELVs. Then, integrin alpha 3 beta 1-binding octapeptide cNGQGEQc was modified onto ELV platform for tumor targeting as integrin alpha 3 beta 1 is overexpressed on NSCLC cells. This system not only significantly improved imperialine tumor accumulation and retention, but also had extremely low systemic toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our discoveries offer new ways to utilize ELV more efficiently for both drug loading and targeting. The solid pharmacokinetics improvement and extraordinary safety of this system also highlight possibilities of alternative long course cancer therapies using similar strategies., Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [81690261, 81803447]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2018SCU12025]; International Visiting Program for Excellent Young Scholars of SCU; Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Innovation Program of SCU

Planting arrangements affect radiation use efficiency (RUE) and competitiveness of intercrop species in intercropping systems. Here, we reveal that narrow-wide-row planting arrangement in maize-soybean relay-intercropping system increases the dry matter and competitiveness of soybean, increased the RUE of maize and soybean, and compensates the yield loss of maize by substantially increasing the yield of soybean. In this field study, maize was planted with soybean in different planting arrangements (P1, 20:180, P2, 40:160; P3, 60:140, and P4, 80:120) of relay intercropping, all the relay-intercropping treatments were compared with sole crops of maize (SM) and soybean (SS). Results showed that P1 improved the total RUE 3.26 g/MJ (maize RUE + soybean RUE) of maize and soybean in relay-intercropping system. Compared to P4, treatment P1 increased the soybean competition ratio (CR) values (by 55%) but reduced the maize CR values (by 29%), which in turn significantly improved the yield of soybean by maintaining the maize yield. Generally, in P1, soybean produced 82% of SS yield, and maize produced 88% of SM yield, and it achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.7. These results suggest that by maintaining the appropriate planting distances between maize and soybean we can improve the competitiveness and yield of intercrop species in relay-intercropping system.

Shading conditions adversely affect flower-number and pod-number of soybeans under maize-soybean relay-intercropping (MSR). Here we reveal that leaf-removal from maize-canopy improves the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and dry-matter production (DMP) of soybean (especially during the co-growth phase), and compensates the maize seed-yield loss by considerably increasing soybean seed-yield. In a two-year experiment with MSR, maize-plants were subjected to different leaf-removal treatments to increase the PAR-transmittance of soybean; removal of the topmost two-leaves (R2), four-leaves (R4), six-leaves (R6), with no-removal of leaves (R0). Leaf-removal treatments improved the PAR-transmittance, photosynthetic-rate, and morphological-characteristics of soybean under MSR. At 90 days after sowing, the dry-matter of pods, and seeds was increased by 25%, and 32%, respectively under R6 than R0. Importantly, enhanced PAR-transmittance and DMP under R6 enabled soybean to initiate a greater number of flowers 182.2 plant-1 compared to 142.7 plant-1 under R0, and it also decreased the flower-abscission (by 13%, from 54.9% under R0 to 47.6% under R6). These positive responses increased the pod-number by 49% and seed-number by 28% under R6 than R0. Overall, under R6, relay-intercropped soybean produced 78% of sole-soybean seed-yield, and relay-intercropped maize produced 81% of sole-maize seed-yield and achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.59.

Shiyu Gao,1,2 Jianwei Lin,1,2 Tianqi Wang,1,2 Yan Shen,1,2 Yan Li,1,2 Wenyu Yang,1,2 Kailiang Zhou,2–4 Haiyan Hu1,2 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China; 2The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China; 3Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China; 4Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China Background: Qingxin kaiqiao fang (QKF) has been found to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through apoptosis inhibition. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is closely related to apoptosis in the course of AD. This study aimed to investigate whether QKF-induced apoptosis depression is achieved through MAPK pathway.Materials and methods: C57BL/6 J and APP/PS1 mice were used as control and model groups. APP/PS1 mice were treated with different dosages of QKF (4.75, 9.5, and 19 g·kg-1·d-1·ig, respectively) for 12 weeks as L-QKF, M-QKF, and H-QKF groups. The M-QKF-treated APP/PS1 mice were administrated with 2 µg/kg of U46619 and saline, intra ventricular ventricle injection, as M-QKF+U46619 and M-QKF+saline groups and were injected with PD98059 0.3 mg/kg and the same volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), intravenous, as M-QKF+PD98059 and M-QKF+DMSO groups. After 12 weeks treatment, Morris water maze was performed for behavior study. Pathological degeneration was examined by H&E staining, Nissl staining, and transmission electron microscope observation of hippocampus; immunohistochemistry and Western blot (WB) were tested for amyloid β (Aβ) expression. Apoptosis was measured through TUNEL assay; Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 expression through WB; and cleaved