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In order to study the effect of surface roughness on the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) performance of cylindrical roller bearing, an EHL model of cylindrical roller bearing with three dimensional surface cosine roughness based on finite length line contact theory is established. The EHL performance of cylindrical roller bearing is calculated by the Finite Difference Method (FDM) program, with which the effects of surface cosine roughness amplitude, wavelength and texture angle on EHL performance of cylindrical roller bearing are analyzed. The numerical results show that the roughness amplitude, wavelength and texture angle have great influence on the EHL performance in the contact area. The increase of roughness amplitude and wavelength in a reasonable range is beneficial to the enhancement of EHL performance of the cylindrical roller bearing, and the transverse roughness is more favorable to enhance the bearing capacity and reduce the friction coefficient.