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Simulation is a key tool in population genetics for both methods development and empirical research, but producing simulations that recapitulate the main features of genomic datasets remains a major obstacle. Today, more realistic simulations are possible thanks to large increases in the quantity and quality of available genetic data, and the sophistication of inference and simulation software. However, implementing these simulations still requires substantial time and specialized knowledge. These challenges are especially pronounced for simulating genomes for species that are not well-studied, since it is not always clear what information is required to produce simulations with a level of realism sufficient to confidently answer a given question. The community-developed framework stdpopsim seeks to lower this barrier by facilitating the simulation of complex population genetic models using up-to-date information. The initial version of stdpopsim focused on establishing this framework using six well-characterized model species (Adrion et al., 2020). Here, we report on major improvements made in the new release of stdpopsim (version 0.2), which includes a significant expansion of the species catalog and substantial additions to simulation capabilities. Features added to improve the realism of the simulated genomes include non-crossover recombination and provision of species-specific genomic annotations. Through community-driven efforts, we expanded the number of species in the catalog more than threefold and broadened coverage across the tree of life. During the process of expanding the catalog, we have identified common sticking points and developed the best practices for setting up genome-scale simulations. We describe the input data required for generating a realistic simulation, suggest good practices for obtaining the relevant information from the literature, and discuss common pitfalls and major considerations. These improvements to stdpopsim aim to further pro

Simulation is a key tool in population genetics for both methods development and empirical research, but producing simulations that recapitulate the main features of genomic datasets remains a major obstacle. Today, more realistic simulations are possible thanks to large increases in the quantity and quality of available genetic data, and the sophistication of inference and simulation software. However, implementing these simulations still requires substantial time and specialized knowledge. These challenges are especially pronounced for simulating genomes for species that are not well-studied, since it is not always clear what information is required to produce simulations with a level of realism sufficient to confidently answer a given question. The community-developed framework stdpopsim seeks to lower this barrier by facilitating the simulation of complex population genetic models using up-to-date information. The initial version of stdpopsim focused on establishing this framework using six well-characterized model species (Adrion et al., 2020). Here, we report on major improvements made in the new release of stdpopsim (version 0.2), which includes a significant expansion of the species catalog and substantial additions to simulation capabilities. Features added to improve the realism of the simulated genomes include non-crossover recombination and provision of species-specific genomic annotations. Through community-driven efforts, we expanded the number of species in the catalog more than threefold and broadened coverage across the tree of life. During the process of expanding the catalog, we have identified common sticking points and developed the best practices for setting up genome-scale simulations. We describe the input data required for generating a realistic simulation, suggest good practices for obtaining the relevant information from the literature, and discuss common pitfalls and major considerations. These improvements to stdpopsim aim to further pro

Cell proliferation is fundamental for almost all stages of development and differentiation that require an increase in cell number. Although cell cycle phase has been associated with differentiation, the actual process of proliferation has not been considered as having a specific role. Here we exploit human embryonic stem cell-derived endodermal progenitors that we find are an in vitro model for the ventral foregut. These cells exhibit expansion-dependent increases in differentiation efficiency to pancreatic progenitors that are linked to organ-specific enhancer priming at the level of chromatin accessibility and the decommissioning of lineage-inappropriate enhancers. Our findings suggest that cell proliferation in embryonic development is about more than tissue expansion; it is required to ensure equilibration of gene regulatory networks allowing cells to become primed for future differentiation. Expansion of lineage-specific intermediates may therefore be an important step in achieving high-fidelity in vitro differentiation.

Path planning for multiple tethered robots is a challenging problem due to the complex interactions among the cables and the possibility of severe entanglements. Previous works on this problem either consider idealistic cable models or provide no guarantee for entanglement-free paths. In this work, we present a new approach to address this problem using the theory of braids. By establishing a topological equivalence between the physical cables and the space-time trajectories of the robots, and identifying particular braid patterns that emerge from the entangled trajectories, we obtain the key finding that all complex entanglements stem from a finite number of interaction patterns between 2 or 3 robots. Hence, non-entanglement can be guaranteed by avoiding these interaction patterns in the trajectories of the robots. Based on this finding, we present a graph search algorithm using the permutation grid to efficiently search for a feasible topology of paths and reject braid patterns that result in an entanglement. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve 100% goal-reaching capability without entanglement for up to 10 drones with a slack cable model in a high-fidelity simulation platform. The practicality of the proposed approach is verified using three small tethered UAVs in indoor flight experiments., Comment: Accepted for presentation in Robotics: Science and Systems 2023

Fire extinguisher is a safety product that can be found almost everywhere, yet it is the one product that everyone often neglect. In order to understand more about fire extinguishers, we must first know the different classes of fire and then the suitable type of fire extinguishers used. Table 1 summarises the classes of fire and its sources (Fire Extinguisher Types - Fire Protection Equipment & System, March 5, 2019). Table 2, on the other hand, summarises the types of fire extinguishers and the fires suitable to be used for (Surrey Fire & Safety Ltd., April 6, 2018).

Tunneling results in stress relief and arching in the ground. New tunnel excavation beneath an existing tunnel but at different angles can lead to different patterns of stress redistribution. Studies on multi-tunnel interaction have mainly focused on perpendicular tunnels, and the effects of tunneling skew angle remain poorly understood. Three-dimensional centrifuge modeling and numerical back-analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of twin-tunnel interaction at three skew angles (30°, 60° and 90°). The effects of new tunnel excavation on an existing tunnel were simulated by controlling tunnel volume and weight losses in-flight. A hypoplastic soil model capable of simulating path-dependent and strain-dependent soil stiffness was adopted for the numerical back-analyses. Distinct load redistribution patterns were identified to explain deformations of the existing tunnel at different skew angles due to the advancement of the new tunnel. For 90° tunneling, hoop force increased at the crown and decreased at the left springline of the existing tunnel. The opposite responses were identified at 30° tunneling. A critical skew angle of 30° tunneling led to the maximum invert settlement and tunnel deformation of the existing tunnel. At 30° tunneling, the induced strain in the tunnel lining was 2.3 times larger than that of tunneling at 90°, exceeding the cracking limit suggested by the American Concrete Institute.

Stochastic simulation is a key tool in population genetics, since the models involved are often analytically intractable and simulation is usually the only way of obtaining ground-truth data to evaluate inferences. Because of this, a large number of specialized simulation programs have been developed, each filling a particular niche, but with largely overlapping functionality and a substantial duplication of effort. Here, we introduce msprime version 1.0, which efficiently implements ancestry and mutation simulations based on the succinct tree sequence data structure and the tskit library. We summarize msprime's many features, and show that its performance is excellent, often many times faster and more memory efficient than specialized alternatives. These high-performance features have been thoroughly tested and validated, and built using a collaborative, open source development model, which reduces duplication of effort and promotes software quality via community engagement.

Incorporation of insulating secondary phase into manganite composites can enhance the low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR). This work reports the structural and electrical transport properties of (1-x) Pr0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (PSMO): x Al2O3 composites synthesised by solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that Mn-O-Mn bond distance and angle were disturbed due to the substitution of Al3+ at Mn-site of PSMO system. This subsequently increased the resistivity of composite samples and shifted the metal-insulator transition temperature (TMI) to lower temperatures as increasing content of Al2O3. LFMR effect was observed as the magnetoresistance values increase monotonically with the decreasing temperature.

Internet security is getting less secure because of the existing of botnet threats. An attack plan can only be planned out to take down the botnet after the monitoring activities to understand the behaviour of a botnet. Nowadays, the architecture of the botnet is developed using Peer-to-Peer (P2P) connection causing it to be harder to be monitored and track down. This paper is mainly about existing botnet monitoring tools. The purpose of this paper is to study the ways to monitor a botnet and how monitoring mechanism works. The monitoring tools are categorized into active and passive mechanism. A crawler is an active mechanism while sensor and Honeypot are the passive mechanisms. Previous work about each mechanism is present in this paper as well.

High-resolution maps of embryonic development suggest that acquisition of cell identity is not limited to canonical germ layers but proceeds via alternative routes. Despite evidence that visceral organs are formed via embryonic and extra-embryonic trajectories, the production of organ-specific cell types in vitro focuses on the embryonic one. Here we resolve these differentiation routes using massively parallel single-cell RNA sequencing to generate datasets from FOXA2Venus reporter mouse embryos and embryonic stem cell differentiation towards endoderm. To relate cell types in these datasets, we develop a single-parameter computational approach and identify an intermediate en route from extra-embryonic identity to embryonic endoderm, which we localize spatially in embryos at embryonic day 7.5. While there is little evidence for this cell type in embryonic stem cell differentiation, by following the extra-embryonic trajectory starting with naïve extra-embryonic endoderm stem cells we can generate embryonic gut spheroids. Exploiting developmental plasticity therefore offers alternatives to pluripotent cells and opens alternative avenues for in vitro differentiation.

Most sociological research on STEM focuses on the experiences of racial-ethnic and gender minorities and point to the unfriendly culture of STEM as a main factor for their underrepresentation. This study explores the segregation of STEM from a different vantage point by comparing the motivations that graduate students from different ethnic and immigrant backgrounds ascribe to their decisions to study and work in computer science (CS)-related fields. Interviews with twenty-nine CS graduate students from China, India, and the United States reveal differences by gender and country of origin in motivations for entering the field of CS in three areas: ideas about the purposes of work, perceptions of the CS field, and perceptions of self. This study illustrates how individual decision-making may be conditioned by larger cultural and structural forces to produce complex patterns of gender and racial segregation in the US and beyond. Results suggest that an expressive orientation to work and the masculine framing of the field may account for the higher levels of sex segregation in CS in the United States than in China and India.

Our understanding of lineage decisions in early human development has been greatly aided by embryonic stem cell lines, which avoid many of the practical and ethical difficulties of in vivo material. A new paper in Development exploits naive human embryonic stem cells to generate in vitro models for the extra-embryonic endoderm. We caught up with first authors Madeleine Linneberg-Agerholm and Yan Fung Wong, and their supervisor Josh Brickman, Professor of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem) in Copenhagen, to hear more about the work.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exist in at least two states that transcriptionally resemble different stages of embryonic development. Naïve ESCs resemble peri-implantation stages and primed ESCs the pre-gastrulation epiblast. In mouse, primed ESCs give rise to definitive endoderm in response to the pathways downstream of Nodal and Wnt signalling. However, when these pathways are activated in naïve ESCs, they differentiate to a cell type resembling early primitive endoderm (PrE), the blastocyst-stage progenitor of the extra-embryonic endoderm. Here, we apply this context dependency to human ESCs, showing that activation of Nodal and Wnt signalling drives the differentiation of naïve pluripotent cells toward extra-embryonic PrE, or hypoblast, and these can be expanded as an in vitro model for naïve extra-embryonic endoderm (nEnd). Consistent with observations made in mouse, human PrE differentiation is dependent on FGF signalling in vitro, and we show that, by inhibiting FGF receptor signalling, we can simplify naïve pluripotent culture conditions, such that the inhibitor requirements closer resemble those used in mouse. The expandable nEnd cultures reported here represent stable extra-embryonic endoderm, or human hypoblast, cell lines.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.

Compacted clay is widely used as capillary barriers in landfill final cover system. Recently, biochar amended clay (BAC) has been proposed as a sustainable alternative cover material. However, the effects of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat) of clay with high degree of compaction is not yet understood. The present study aims to investigate the effects of biochar on ksat of compacted kaolin clay. Soil specimens were prepared by amending kaolin clay with biochar derived from peanut-shell at 0, 5 and 20% (w/w). The ksat of soil specimens was measured using a flexible water permeameter. The effects of biochar on the microstructure of the compacted clay was also investigated using MIP. Adding 5% and 20% of biochar increased the ksat of compacted kaolin clay from 1.2 × 10−9 to 2.1 × 10−9 and 1.3 × 10−8 ms-1, respectively. The increase in ksat of clay was due to the shift in pore size distribution of compacted biochar-amended clay (BAC). MIP results revealed that adding 20% of biochar shifted the dominant pore diameter of clay from 0.01–0.1 μm (meso– and macropores) to 0.1–4 μm (macropores). Results reported in this communication revealed that biochar application increased the ksat of compacted clay, and the increment was positively correlated to the biochar percentage. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been associated with both a myeloid lineage commitment and favorable prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (decitabine and zeburaline) induced MPO gene promoter demethylation and MPO gene transcription in AML cells with low MPO activity. Therefore, MPO gene transcription was directly and indirectly regulated by DNA methylation. A DNA methylation microarray subsequently revealed a distinct methylation pattern in 33 genes, including DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B), in CD34-positive cells obtained from AML patients with a high percentage of MPO-positive blasts. Based on the inverse relationship between the methylation status of DNMT3B and MPO, we found an inverse relationship between DNMT3B and MPO transcription levels in CD34-positive AML cells (P=0.0283). In addition, a distinct methylation pattern was observed in five genes related to myeloid differentiation or therapeutic sensitivity in CD34-positive cells from AML patients with a high percentage of MPO-positive blasts. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that MPO may serve as an informative marker for identifying a distinct and crucial DNA methylation profile in CD34-positive AML cells., Leukemia, 28(7), pp.1459-1466; 2014

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a disorder of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that is often treated with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitors (5-azacytidine [AZA], 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine), suggesting a role for DNA methylation in disease progression. How DNMT inhibition retards disease progression and how DNA methylation contributes to MDS remain unclear. We analyzed global DNA methylation in purified CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from MDS patients undergoing multiple rounds of AZA treatment. Differential methylation between MDS phenotypes was observed primarily at developmental regulators not expressed within the hematopoietic compartment and was distinct from that observed between healthy hematopoietic cell types. After AZA treatment, we observed only limited DNA demethylation at sites that varied between patients. This suggests that a subset of the stem cell population is resistant to AZA and provides a basis for disease relapse. Using gene expression data from patient samples and an in vitro AZA treatment study, we identified differentially methylated genes that can be activated following treatment and that remain silent in the CD34+ stem cell compartment of high-risk MDS patients. Haploinsufficiency in mice of one of these genes (NR4A2) has been shown to lead to excessive HSC proliferation, and our data suggest that suppression of NR4A2 by DNA methylation may be involved in MDS progression.

Various aspects of the space environment can cause on-orbit satellite anomalies. Studies have shown that adverse interactions between the natural space environment and space systems can have deleterious consequences comparable to those caused by human or design errors. Electrostatic surface discharge (ESD), electron caused electromagnetic pulse (ECEMP), and single event upset (SEU) are the three most common anomaly producing mechanisms in space systems. The plasma environment, such as in geosynchronous orbit, can cause differential charging of satellite components and lead to ESD's on satellite surfaces. By using the Spacecraft Anomaly Manager (SAM) software package, spacecraft anomaly data of operational satellites contained in the database of National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) were analyzed. The analysis concluded that ESD is directly related to geomagnetic storm activity and ESD related anomalies are local time and seasonal dependent. Proper engineering solutions should be integrated into satellite designs to prevent ESD from causing anomalies. This can be done effectively on multi-satellite programs such as GPS. Active charge control is recommended for DoD satellites which cannot tolerate functional anomalies due to ESD's, and on the first flight of new satellite designs. Passive engineering solutions should be integrated into satellite designs., http://archive.org/details/satellitenomalie1094528512, Major, United States Marine Corps, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Background: C. elegans TGF-beta-like Sma/Mab signaling pathway regulates both body size and sensory ray patterning. Most of the components in this pathway were initially identified by genetic screens based on the small body phenotype, and many of these mutants display sensory ray patterning defect. At the cellular level, little is known about how and where these components work although ray structural cell has been implicated as one of the targets. Based on the specific ray patterning abnormality, we aim to identify by RNAi approach additional components that function specifically in the ray lineage to elucidate the regulatory role of TGF-beta signaling in ray differentiation. Result: We report here the characterization of a new member of the Sma/Mab pathway, mab-31, recovered from a genome-wide RNAi screen. mab-31 mutants showed ray cell cluster patterning defect and mis-specification of the ray identity. mab-31 encodes a nuclear protein expressed in descendants of ray precursor cells impacting on the ray cell's clustering properties, orientation of cell division plane, and fusion of structural cells. Genetic experiments also establish its relationship with other Sma/Mab pathway components and transcription factors acting upstream and downstream of the signaling event. Conclusion: mab-31 function is indispensable in Sma/Mab signal recipient cells during sensory rays specification. Both mab-31 and sma-6 are required in ray lineage at the late larval stages. They act upstream of C. elegans Pax-6 homolog and repress its function. These findings suggested mab-31 is a key factor that can integrate TFG-beta signals in male sensory ray lineage to define organ identity.

Microelectronic vision prostheses aim to restore visual percepts through electrical stimulation of the surviving visual pathways in the blind. Electrical stimulation has been shown to produce spots of light in the visual field. A neurostimulator that forms the basis of a vision prosthesis was designed using a high voltage CMOS process to allow it to be able to stimulate when faced with high electrode-tissue impedances. It was implemented with novel features that allow it to be scalable, and to focus charge injection, and can stimulate multiple sites simultaneously using a current source and sink at each site. To reduce electrical cross-talk between multiple stimulation sites, six-return electrodes surround each stimulating electrode, electrically guarding them from each other. The six-return electrode configuration was shown to reduce electrical cross-talk in saline bath tests compared to single-return electrode configurations.The neurostimulator was used to evoke responses from cats through electrical stimulation via intravitreal ball electrodes, corneal electrodes, and planar electrode arrays in the suprachoroidal space. Responses were measured on the visual cortex through optical imaging of intrinsic signals, and through surface electrodes. Using the planar electrode array in the suprachoroidal space, responses were elicited to biphasic, bipolar and monopolar stimuli, with each stimulating electrode coupled with either six-return electrodes, two-return electrodes, or a single-return electrode. The average charge threshold to elicit a response for biphasic, bipolar stimulation with six-return electrodes was 76.47 ± 8.76 nC (standard error of the mean). For biphasic, bipolar stimulation, the magnitude and area of cortical response with the six-return electrode configurations was on average 2.18 ± 0.19 times smaller than single-return electrode configurations, and 1.89 �� 0.19 times smaller than two-return electrode configurations (P < 0.0001). It was

A cell identity determining gene, mab-21, has been studied in our lab to understand its role in guiding sensory organ patterning of C. elegans. In mab-21 mutant, ray 6 precursor cell adopts a fate similar to that of ray 4 and subsequently fuses with it. The function of mab-21 is to maintain the ray 6 cell identity. In order to identify new components worked for this particular process, a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen was performed and a novel C2H2 type zinc-finger encoding gene, mab-30, was identified. mab-30 mutant animals showed developmental defects on the specification of ray 6, which is similar to those observed in mab-21 mutants. The temporal and spatial expression of mab-30 overlaps with that of mab-21 in the ray 6 structural cell. I hypothesize that mab-30 acts in the ray 6 structural cell in concert with other mab-21 pathway components to determine the ray 6 identity. Using different genetic approaches, I demonstrated that mab-30 interacts with several components in MAB-21/SIN3/HDAC (MSH) complex. The results implicate that the function of mab-30 in the patterning of rays might involve chromatin modification to regulate downstream target components. Since the zinc-finger domains in MAB-30 may confer DNA binding ability and thus target specificity for gene regulation, a thorough analysis of MAB-30 direct target genes and their regulation is essential for expanding our characterization of mab-21 pathway and its executory machinery. From a genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on chip analysis, I have successfully identified and mapped a large number of novel targets. A robo receptor encoding gene, sax-3, was shown to be the direct downstream target of mab-30. The genetic interaction between sax-3 and mab-21 further suggested that the mab-21 pathway may cross-talk with sax-3/slt-1 signaling pathway through mab-30. The results from my study provide a more elaborate picture outlining the execution of a patterning process via direct contro

We have identified in Caenorhabditis elegans a homologue of the vertebrate Crim1, crm-1, which encodes a putative transmembrane protein with multiple cysteine-rich (C,R) domains known to have bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) binding activity. Using the body morphology of C. elegans as an indicator, we showed that attenuation of crm-1 activity leads to a small body phenotype reminiscent of that of BMP pathway mutants. We showed that the crm-1 loss-of-function phenotype can be rescued by constitutive supply of sma-4 activity. crm-1 can enhance BMP signaling and this activity is dependent on the presence of the DBL-1 ligand and its receptors. crm-1 is expressed in neurons at the ventral nerve cord, where the DBL-1 ligand is produced. However, ectopic expression experiments reveal that crm-1 gene products act outside the DBL-1 producing cells and function non-autonomously to facilitate dbl/sma pathway signaling to control body size. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Proteins containing repeating cysteine-rich (CR) domains are known to be able to bind and sequester bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the extracellular space, thereby modulating the signaling activity. The vertebrate Crim1 encodes a putative transmembrane protein with multiple CR domains. We have identified a spliced form of the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of this gene, crm-1, with highly conserved C-terminal transmembrane domain and six conserved CR domains. In this study, we used the body morphology of C. elegans as an indicator to assess the regulatory role of crm-1 on BMP signaling. Our results show that reduction of crm-1 activity leads to a small body phenotype reminiscent to that of BMP pathway mutants. Epistatic analysis revealed that crm-1 acts upstream of the dbl/sma pathway dependent of the presence of DBL-1, the homologue of vertebrate BMP4. The loss-of-function crm-1 phenotype can be suppressed by constitutively supplying the sma-4 activity. We also showed that crm-1 is co-expressed with dbl-1 in a subset of neurons in the ventral nerve cord, where DBL-1 is produced. We propose that crm-1 is facilitating the BMP signaling in C. elegans. Potential model concerning this modulation event will be discussed. (The study is funded by Research Grants Council, Hong Kong.)

Apart from politics and market, ideology was a significant factor in the realm of rock music. Upholding an ideology that focused on individuality and autonomy, and epousing a set of aesthetic value that placed emphases on live performance: how to maintain a balance between autonomy from politics and adaptation to market tastes became a question for both rock artists and the culture industry, a topic of which will be examined in the dissertation., At the same time, this paper examined the struggle of rock artists against the official constraints and prohibitive coding via rock lyrics, the visual, the music, the body as well as the theatrical performance., Finally, this paper explores how rock artists and the rock industry turned to alternative spaces for projecting their causes: the Internet, the underground music network and the realm of piracy, spaces where interferences from both the state and the market were minimum., It also took as its study why rock music was a noise in the market and how rock labels contested for a space in the market which had been plagued by piracy and lack of protection for intellectual property rights. It at the same time explored the ways rock companies attempted to make the books balanced in operating the rock music business in a market where rock fans only constituted a marginal audience., It looked at how the government imposed control and prohibition on the publishing, performance and dissemination of rock music which it perceived as an alien noise. For this, interviews had been held with personnel from the official apparatuses, the culture industry, the mass media as well as the rock artists and musicians, in a way to understand why rock was rarely heard on the radio or performed on television; why rock music became a term rarely appeared in the official press; and why rock was not allowed to mingle with official discourse like party songs or national anthem; and in what ways the contents of songs as well as the visuals on album covers were censored; and how the government controlled the speech, acts and dress of rock artists on stage., This paper concludes with the view that despite the many constraints encountered by rock music in the realm of both the state and the market, rock music as a cultural space did not totally lose its freedom, autonomy or integrity. It adopted a mode of communication which is hinged on the non-verbal, the second-order signification, the hidden and the symbolic. It utilised a strategy which avoids direct antagonism with the political regime, and sought outlets for its own messages and meanings., This paper started by examining how rock music had been transformed into a genre distinguished with its ideology and aesthetics in a socialist country where politics and economy weighed equally significant., This study took rock music as a cultural space that reflected a larger political and economic environment in China, where it had been marginalized and segregated as a noise by both the state and the market., Wong Yan Chau Christina., "September 2006.", Adviser: Joseph Man Chan., Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: A, page: 0783., Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006., Includes bibliographical references., Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., s in English and Chinese., School code: 1307., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074261, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

by Wong Yan Chau, Christina., Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-186)., Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.2, Chapter II. --- Historical Background --- p.5, Chapter III. --- A Review of the Related Literature --- p.14, Chapter A. --- The Culture Industry Approach --- p.15, Chapter B. --- The Liberal-Pluralist Approach --- p.26, Chapter C. --- The Technological Approach --- p.31, Chapter IV. --- The Theoretical Perspective --- p.36, Chapter V. --- Methodological Approach to Study --- p.42, Chapter A. --- Content Analysis of Lyrical Messages --- p.42, Chapter 1. --- Method --- p.42, Chapter 2. --- Data --- p.43, Chapter 3. --- Analytic Framework of the Textual Analysis --- p.45, Chapter B. --- Analysis of Rock Music within Hegemony --- p.48, Chapter 1. --- Method --- p.48, Chapter 2. --- Data --- p.50, Chapter VI. --- Meanings in Rock Music --- p.52, Chapter A. --- Themes in each fictional mode --- p.52, Chapter B. --- Thematic content of Rock Music --- p.54, Chapter 1. --- The Ironic Mode --- p.54, Chapter 2. --- The Mimetic Mode --- p.64, Chapter a. --- Phenomena of Identity Crisis --- p.64, Chapter i. --- Loss of direction --- p.65, Chapter ii. --- Roots-seeking --- p.68, Chapter iii. --- Alternating identity --- p.69, Chapter iv. --- Alienation --- p.71, Breakaway --- p.71, A Stranger in the City --- p.74, Chapter b. --- Outlook on Life --- p.76, Chapter c. --- Social Problems --- p.79, Chapter i. --- War --- p.79, Chapter ii. --- Incivility --- p.81, Chapter d. --- The Experience of Growing Up --- p.82, Chapter i. --- Anti-patriarchism --- p.82, Chapter ii. --- Wandering --- p.83, Chapter iii. --- The Loss of Childhood --- p.84, Chapter e. --- Love --- p.85, Chapter i. --- Yearning for love --- p.85, Chapter ii. --- Frustrations with love --- p.86, Chapter iii. --- Wild love --- p.88, Chapter iv. --- Inauthentic love --- p.90, Chapter 3. --- The Leadership Mode --- p.93, Chapter a. --- The Exploratory Spirit --- p.93, Chapter b. --- Individuality and Non-Conformity --- p.96, Chapter c. --- The Authentic Self --- p.98, Chapter 4. --- The Romantic Mode --- p.102, Chapter a. --- Nostalgia for a Glorious Past --- p.102, Chapter b. --- Anarchy in the Demonic World --- p.105, Chapter c. --- Union with nature --- p.107, Chapter d. --- The Pastoral Utopia --- p.111, Chapter e. --- Fictional Characters and Objects Speaking --- p.112, Chapter 5. --- The Mythic Mode --- p.117, Chapter C. --- The World View of Rock Music --- p.120, Chapter VII. --- The Relations of Rock Music to Hegemony --- p.125, Chapter A. --- Messages of Rock and the Hegemony --- p.125, Chapter B. --- Music as a Contested Terrain --- p.130, Chapter 1. --- The Hegemonic Power: Cooptation and Marginalization --- p.130, Chapter 2. --- The Deviant Culture: Struggle by Means of adaptation and negotiation --- p.140, Chapter VIII. --- Conclusion --- p.155, Chapter IX. --- Limitations of the Study --- p.158, Chapter X. --- Future Studies on Rock Music --- p.161, Notes --- p.165, Bibliography --- p.175, Discography --- p.185, Appendix 1. The Sample of Rock Songs --- p.187, http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887223, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Various aspects of the space environment can cause on-orbit satellite anomalies. Studies have shown that adverse interactions between the natural space environment and space systems can have deleterious consequences comparable to those caused by human or design errors. Electrostatic surface discharges (ESD), electron caused electromagnetic pulse (ECEMP), and single event upset (SEU) are the three most common anomaly producing mechanisms in space systems. The plasma environment, such as in geosynchronous orbit, can cause differential charging of satellite components and lead to ESD's on satellite surfaces. By using the Spacecraft Anomaly Manager (SAM) software package, spacecraft anomaly data of operational satellite contained in the database of National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) were analyzed. The analysis concluded that ESD is directly related to geomagnetic storm activity and ESD related anomalies are local time and seasonal dependent. Proper engineering solutions should be integrated into satellite designs to prevent ESD from causing anomalies. This can be done effectively on multi-satellite programs such as GPS. Active charge control is recommended for DoD satellites which cannot tolerate functional anomalies due to ESD's, and on the first flight of new satellite designs. Passive engineering solutions should be integrated into satellite designs.

Various aspects of the space environment can cause on-orbit satellite anomalies. Studies have shown that adverse interactions between the natural space environment and space systems can have deleterious consequences comparable to those caused by human or design errors. Electrostatic surface discharge (ESD), electron caused electromagnetic pulse (ECEMP), and single event upset (SEU) are the three most common anomaly producing mechanisms in space systems. The plasma environment, such as in geosynchronous orbit, can cause differential charging of satellite components and lead to ESD's on satellite surfaces. By using the Spacecraft Anomaly Manager (SAM) software package, spacecraft anomaly data of operational satellites contained in the database of National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) were analyzed. The analysis concluded that ESD is directly related to geomagnetic storm activity and ESD related anomalies are local time and seasonal dependent. Proper engineering solutions should be integrated into satellite designs to prevent ESD from causing anomalies. This can be done effectively on multi-satellite programs such as GPS. Active charge control is recommended for DoD satellites which cannot tolerate functional anomalies due to ESD's, and on the first flight of new satellite designs. Passive engineering solutions should be integrated into satellite designs.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong., Bibliogaraphy; leaves 118-119., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886825, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

by Yan-chun Wong., Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980., Bibliography: leaves [90-91], http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886495, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

The research is a hermeneutic-cum-semiotic approach to the study of the translatability of religious language in a secular play, using The Merchant of Venice in China as a reference. Under the ”power turn” or “political turn” in translation studies, omissions and untranslatability of religious material are often seen as the product of censorship or self-censorship in the prevalent socio-political context. But the theology of each individual translating agent is often neglected as an important contributing factor to such untranslatability. This thesis offers a comprehensive approach in tracing the hermeneutical process of the translators/directors as a reader and the situational process and semiotics of theatre translation, which altogether gives rise to the image of translated literature which in turn influences audience reception. This interdisciplinary study thus traverses the disciplines of translation studies, hermeneutics, theatre studies, and sociology. In this thesis I argue that while translation theorists under the current “sociological turn” view social factors as the overarching factors in determining translation activities and strategies, I will show how the interaction between the translator’s or the dramatist’s theology and religious values interact with the socio-cultural milieu to carve out a unique drama production. Often, as one can see from my case studies, it is the religious values of the translating agents that become the overarching factor in determining the translation product, rather than social factors. This thesis further argues that the translatability of religious discourse should be understood in a broader sense according to the seven dimensions proposed by Ninian Smart, rather than merely focusing on untranslatability as a result of semantic and linguistic differences.

The research is a hermeneutic-cum-semiotic approach to the study of the translatability of religious language in a secular play, using The Merchant of Venice in China as a reference. Under the ”power turn” or “political turn” in translation studies, omissions and untranslatability of religious material are often seen as the product of censorship or self-censorship in the prevalent socio-political context. But the theology of each individual translating agent is often neglected as an important contributing factor to such untranslatability. This thesis offers a comprehensive approach in tracing the hermeneutical process of the translators/directors as a reader and the situational process and semiotics of theatre translation, which altogether gives rise to the image of translated literature which in turn influences audience reception. This interdisciplinary study thus traverses the disciplines of translation studies, hermeneutics, theatre studies, and sociology. In this thesis I argue that while translation theorists under the current “sociological turn” view social factors as the overarching factors in determining translation activities and strategies, I will show how the interaction between the translator’s or the dramatist’s theology and religious values interact with the socio-cultural milieu to carve out a unique drama production. Often, as one can see from my case studies, it is the religious values of the translating agents that become the overarching factor in determining the translation product, rather than social factors. This thesis further argues that the translatability of religious discourse should be understood in a broader sense according to the seven dimensions proposed by Ninian Smart, rather than merely focusing on untranslatability as a result of semantic and linguistic differences.

The research is a hermeneutic-cum-semiotic approach to the study of the translatability of religious language in a secular play, using The Merchant of Venice in China as a reference. Under the ”power turn” or “political turn” in translation studies, omissions and untranslatability of religious material are often seen as the product of censorship or self-censorship in the prevalent socio-political context. But the theology of each individual translating agent is often neglected as an important contributing factor to such untranslatability. This thesis offers a comprehensive approach in tracing the hermeneutical process of the translators/directors as a reader and the situational process and semiotics of theatre translation, which altogether gives rise to the image of translated literature which in turn influences audience reception. This interdisciplinary study thus traverses the disciplines of translation studies, hermeneutics, theatre studies, and sociology. In this thesis I argue that while translation theorists under the current “sociological turn” view social factors as the overarching factors in determining translation activities and strategies, I will show how the interaction between the translator’s or the dramatist’s theology and religious values interact with the socio-cultural milieu to carve out a unique drama production. Often, as one can see from my case studies, it is the religious values of the translating agents that become the overarching factor in determining the translation product, rather than social factors. This thesis further argues that the translatability of religious discourse should be understood in a broader sense according to the seven dimensions proposed by Ninian Smart, rather than merely focusing on untranslatability as a result of semantic and linguistic differences.

The research is a hermeneutic-cum-semiotic approach to the study of the translatability of religious language in a secular play, using The Merchant of Venice in China as a reference. Under the ”power turn” or “political turn” in translation studies, omissions and untranslatability of religious material are often seen as the product of censorship or self-censorship in the prevalent socio-political context. But the theology of each individual translating agent is often neglected as an important contributing factor to such untranslatability. This thesis offers a comprehensive approach in tracing the hermeneutical process of the translators/directors as a reader and the situational process and semiotics of theatre translation, which altogether gives rise to the image of translated literature which in turn influences audience reception. This interdisciplinary study thus traverses the disciplines of translation studies, hermeneutics, theatre studies, and sociology. In this thesis I argue that while translation theorists under the current “sociological turn” view social factors as the overarching factors in determining translation activities and strategies, I will show how the interaction between the translator’s or the dramatist’s theology and religious values interact with the socio-cultural milieu to carve out a unique drama production. Often, as one can see from my case studies, it is the religious values of the translating agents that become the overarching factor in determining the translation product, rather than social factors. This thesis further argues that the translatability of religious discourse should be understood in a broader sense according to the seven dimensions proposed by Ninian Smart, rather than merely focusing on untranslatability as a result of semantic and linguistic differences.

The research is a hermeneutic-cum-semiotic approach to the study of the translatability of religious language in a secular play, using The Merchant of Venice in China as a reference. Under the ”power turn” or “political turn” in translation studies, omissions and untranslatability of religious material are often seen as the product of censorship or self-censorship in the prevalent socio-political context. But the theology of each individual translating agent is often neglected as an important contributing factor to such untranslatability. This thesis offers a comprehensive approach in tracing the hermeneutical process of the translators/directors as a reader and the situational process and semiotics of theatre translation, which altogether gives rise to the image of translated literature which in turn influences audience reception. This interdisciplinary study thus traverses the disciplines of translation studies, hermeneutics, theatre studies, and sociology. In this thesis I argue that while translation theorists under the current “sociological turn” view social factors as the overarching factors in determining translation activities and strategies, I will show how the interaction between the translator’s or the dramatist’s theology and religious values interact with the socio-cultural milieu to carve out a unique drama production. Often, as one can see from my case studies, it is the religious values of the translating agents that become the overarching factor in determining the translation product, rather than social factors. This thesis further argues that the translatability of religious discourse should be understood in a broader sense according to the seven dimensions proposed by Ninian Smart, rather than merely focusing on untranslatability as a result of semantic and linguistic differences.

The research is a hermeneutic-cum-semiotic approach to the study of the translatability of religious language in a secular play, using The Merchant of Venice in China as a reference. Under the ”power turn” or “political turn” in translation studies, omissions and untranslatability of religious material are often seen as the product of censorship or self-censorship in the prevalent socio-political context. But the theology of each individual translating agent is often neglected as an important contributing factor to such untranslatability. This thesis offers a comprehensive approach in tracing the hermeneutical process of the translators/directors as a reader and the situational process and semiotics of theatre translation, which altogether gives rise to the image of translated literature which in turn influences audience reception. This interdisciplinary study thus traverses the disciplines of translation studies, hermeneutics, theatre studies, and sociology. In this thesis I argue that while translation theorists under the current “sociological turn” view social factors as the overarching factors in determining translation activities and strategies, I will show how the interaction between the translator’s or the dramatist’s theology and religious values interact with the socio-cultural milieu to carve out a unique drama production. Often, as one can see from my case studies, it is the religious values of the translating agents that become the overarching factor in determining the translation product, rather than social factors. This thesis further argues that the translatability of religious discourse should be understood in a broader sense according to the seven dimensions proposed by Ninian Smart, rather than merely focusing on untranslatability as a result of semantic and linguistic differences.

The research is a hermeneutic-cum-semiotic approach to the study of the translatability of religious language in a secular play, using The Merchant of Venice in China as a reference. Under the ”power turn” or “political turn” in translation studies, omissions and untranslatability of religious material are often seen as the product of censorship or self-censorship in the prevalent socio-political context. But the theology of each individual translating agent is often neglected as an important contributing factor to such untranslatability. This thesis offers a comprehensive approach in tracing the hermeneutical process of the translators/directors as a reader and the situational process and semiotics of theatre translation, which altogether gives rise to the image of translated literature which in turn influences audience reception. This interdisciplinary study thus traverses the disciplines of translation studies, hermeneutics, theatre studies, and sociology. In this thesis I argue that while translation theorists under the current “sociological turn” view social factors as the overarching factors in determining translation activities and strategies, I will show how the interaction between the translator’s or the dramatist’s theology and religious values interact with the socio-cultural milieu to carve out a unique drama production. Often, as one can see from my case studies, it is the religious values of the translating agents that become the overarching factor in determining the translation product, rather than social factors. This thesis further argues that the translatability of religious discourse should be understood in a broader sense according to the seven dimensions proposed by Ninian Smart, rather than merely focusing on untranslatability as a result of semantic and linguistic differences.