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Contains fulltext : 293038.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), AIMS: Patients with suspected non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) are routinely transferred to the emergency department (ED). A clinical risk score with point-of-care (POC) troponin measurement might enable ambulance paramedics to identify low-risk patients in whom ED evaluation is unnecessary. The aim was to assess safety and healthcare costs of a pre-hospital rule-out strategy using a POC troponin measurement in low-risk suspected NSTE-ACS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: This investigator-initiated, randomized clinical trial was conducted in five ambulance regions in the Netherlands. Suspected NSTE-ACS patients with HEAR (History, ECG, Age, Risk factors) score ≤3 were randomized to pre-hospital rule-out with POC troponin measurement or direct transfer to the ED. The sample size calculation was based on the primary outcome of 30-day healthcare costs. Secondary outcome was safety, defined as 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE), consisting of ACS, unplanned revascularization or all-cause death. : A total of 863 participants were randomized. Healthcare costs were significantly lower in the pre-hospital strategy (€1349 ± €2051 vs. €1960 ± €1808) with a mean difference of €611 [95% confidence interval (CI): 353-869; P < 0.001]. In the total population, MACE were comparable between groups [3.9% (17/434) in pre-hospital strategy vs. 3.7% (16/429) in ED strategy; P = 0.89]. In the ruled-out ACS population, MACE were very low [0.5% (2/419) vs. 1.0% (4/417)], with a risk difference of -0.5% (95% CI -1.6%-0.7%; P = 0.41) in favour of the pre-hospital strategy. CONCLUSION: Pre-hospital rule-out of ACS with a POC troponin measurement in low-risk patients significantly reduces healthcare costs while incidence of MACE was low in both strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05466591 and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform id NTR 7346.

Zein has demonstrated the ability to carry different therapeutic molecules in the form of nano delivery systems. Ellagic acid (EA) has improved its biological properties when associated with zein. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the biopharmaceutical and in vitro pharmacological potential on skin maintenance and repairing processes, sun protection and cytotoxicity. The nanoparticles were produced by nanoprecipitation and characterized in terms of morphology, size, polydispersity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and release efficiency. The effect of ellagic acid loaded-zein nanoparticles over enzymes related to the skin protective and repairing processes was accessed. Anti-hyaluronidase, anti-lipoxygenase, anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, anti-tyrosinase and photoprotective activities were determined spectrophotometrically, while the hemolytic activity was evaluated using erythrocytes and MTT and NRU assays were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity over immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and squamous carcinoma cells (A431). The chemical interactions between EA and zein were studied by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. EA-loaded zein nanoparticles (NE) were spherical, homogeneous and monodisperse, with a size of 370 nm, encapsulation efficiency over 82%. The nanoparticles demonstrated a sustained release profile under different pH. Regarding the anti-enzymatic activities, NE presented an inhibitory potency over 38% for all enzymes tested. NE did not present hemolytic activity and showed limited cytotoxicity over HaCaT cells. Moreover, NE also presented an SPF of 29.88. The interaction between zein and EA was driven by a dynamic quenching mechanism. Therefore, NE present a great potential to aid in skin protection/repairing processes, such as wound treatments.

This article seeks to answer whether a collaboration agreement signed by the police authority after a contrary statement by the Prosecution could be judicially approved. The research was carried out using the deductive method, through a bibliographical review and jurisprudential analysis. The importance of the subject is justified by the expansion of the understanding of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court. In 2018, in ADI 5.508, the Court recognized the constitutionality of Law n. 12.850/2013 providing that the police chief would be one of those legitimated to sign the agreement, having been debated and decided, by a majority among the ministers that despite the legal requirement of manifestation by the Prosecution, this manifestation would not be binding. In 2021, however, in the judgment of AgRg in Pet 8.482, the STF nullified a collaboration agreement signed by the Federal Police, without the consent of the Federal Prosecution’s Office, establishing the need for agreement by the Prosecution for the deal to take effect. To approach the theme, it started with identifying the legal and doctrinal scenario on the thematic focus, then proceeded with a comparative study of the grounds that led the STF to issue both decisions. Afterward, in view of the established theoretical and practical premises, it was considered not possible for the police authority to sign a collaboration agreement with the Prosecution's disagreement, under penalty of emptying the institute, generating legal uncertainty, both for the collaborators and third parties accused., O presente artigo busca responder se poderia ser homologado um acordo de colaboração premiada firmado pela autoridade policial após manifestação contrária do Ministério Público. Realizou-se a pesquisa pelo método dedutivo, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e análise jurisprudencial. A importância do tema se justifica a partir da ampliação do entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Em 2018, na ADI 5.508, a Corte reconheceu a constitucionalidade da Lei n. 12.850/2013 dispor que o delegado de polícia seria um dos legitimados a firmar o acordo, tendo sido debatido e decidido, por maioria entre os ministros, que apesar da exigência legal de manifestação do Ministério Público, essa manifestação não seria vinculante. Já em 2021, no julgamento do AgRg na Pet 8.482, o STF tornou sem efeito um acordo de colaboração premiada firmado pela Polícia Federal, sem a anuência do Ministério Público Federal, estabelecendo a necessidade de concordância do órgão ministerial para que o acordo produzisse efeitos. Para abordar a temática, partiu-se da identificação do cenário legal e doutrinário sobre o recorte temático, para, em seguida, proceder-se a um estudo comparativo dos fundamentos que levaram o STF a proferir ambas as decisões. Após, diante das premissas teóricas e práticas estabelecidas, considerou-se não ser possível que a autoridade policial firme um acordo de colaboração premiada com a discordância do Ministério Público, sob pena de esvaziar o instituto, gerando insegurança jurídica, tanto para os colaboradores quanto para os delatados.

Introduction: The presence of an unbalanced familial translocation can be reliably assessed in the cytotrophoblast of chorionic villi. However, carriers of a balanced translocation often decline invasive testing. This study aimed to investigate whether an unbalanced translocation can also be diagnosed in cell free DNA by whole-genome non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS). Material and methods: Pregnant women carrying a fetus with an unbalanced familial translocation, for whom NIPS as well as microarray data were available, were included in this retrospective assessment. NIPS was performed in the course of the TRIDENT study. Results: In 12 cases, both NIPS and microarray data were available. In 10 of 12 cases the unbalanced translocation was correctly identified by NIPS without prior knowledge on parental translocation. One was missed because the fetal fraction was too low. One was missed because of technical restrictions in calling 16p gains. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that routine NIPS may be used for prenatal diagnosis of unbalanced inheritance of familial translocations, especially with prior knowledge of the translocation allowing focused examination of the involved chromosomal regions. Our study showed that routine shallow sequencing designed for aneuploidy detection in cell free DNA may be sufficient for higher resolution NIPS, if specialized copy number software is used and if sufficient fetal fraction is present.

El siguiente proyecto cuenta como objetivo principal evaluar la efectividad de la aplicación de patrones no convencionales para la aplicación de la inyección continua de vapor siendo utilizado como técnica de recobro mejorado para la zona en estudio la cual consta de principio de disminución de la viscosidad a partir de la transferencia de calor entre el vapor inyectado y el fluido en yacimiento , el área venía funcionando a través de una inyección alterna de vapor teniendo problemas de condensamiento del vapor inyectado generando así problemas por la presión capilar y consiguiente a esto para el desplazamiento de los fluidos en yacimiento , para solucionar esto se propone que a través de una inyección continua se genere el cambio en la viscosidad y se mejore el desplazamiento de fluidos.

Uno de los retos más grandes de la Industria Petrolera en el país, es asegurar la producción y el mantenimiento de la vida productiva de los campos petrolíferos presentes en el territorio Colombiano, es por ello, que surge la necesidad de implementar nuevas técnicas de recobro mejorado. Así pues, en el presente trabajo de grado se realiza la evaluación de la inyección cíclica de solvente C3 para la Formación T2 del Campo Apiay, ubicado en la Cuenca de los Llanos Orientales, para ello se realizó una descripción de las condiciones geológicas del mismo y la construcción de los modelos estáticos y dinámicos cotejados junto con el patrón de inyección de agua de cinco puntos normal de la Formación en estudio. Este proyecto se evaluó con el diseño y la simulación numérica de los escenarios propuestos para la inyección cíclica del solvente para cada pozo presente en el arreglo, en los cuales se modificaron parámetros tales como: ciclos de inyección, tiempo de remojo, días de inyección y días de producción; la tasa de inyección fue fijada a partir de un análisis de sensibilidad para cada uno de los pozos; y en donde el factor de recobro, de los mejores escenarios, es comparado con la predicción del escenario base (inyección de agua) durante un periodo de diez años, para de esta manera definir el mejor método de recobro para la Formación T2 técnica y financieramente. Con base en estos resultados se presentan conclusiones y recomendaciones.

In this contribution the author examines how, from a customs perspective, the integrity of the internal market is protected after the transitional phase under the Revised Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland. He briefly discusses the customs aspects of the Withdrawal Agreement and then examines in depth the revised arrangement with regard to the Irish border in light of the protection of the integrity of the internal market. He shows that the revised arrangement cleared the Brexit de

Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas e

Introducción. En Perú, los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo son la segunda causa de mortalidad materna. Objetivo. La presente guía de práctica clínica basada en evidencias (GPC-BE)brinda recomendaciones para la prevención y tratamiento de la pre-eclampsia y eclampsia. Métodos. Se elaboró una GPC-BE adaptada mediante unproceso sistemático, riguroso y transparentecon un grupo elaborador conformado por metodólogos y profesionales de la salud expertos en el manejo de la enfermedad. La guía cuenta con dieciséis preguntas clínicas y dieciséis recomendaciones. Se realizó la búsqueda y preselección de GPC, las mismas que fueron evaluadas mediante el instrumento “Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II” (AGREE-II), para su adaptación. La búsqueda sistemática de evidencias para responder las preguntas clínicas se realizó en múltiples bases de datos: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE/Ovid, Cochrane Library, LILACS y SciELO. Las evidencias fueron seleccionadas y analizadas críticamente por pares clínicos y metodológicos; las recomendaciones fueron elaboradas mediante la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Resultados. Con la participación de un panel de expertos clínicos del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, redes de salud y otras instituciones de referencia, se elaboraron 16 recomendaciones dirigidas a la prevención y tratamiento de mujeres gestantes en riesgo de pre-eclampsia, gestantes con pre-eclampsia, eclampsia o enfermedad hipertensiva. Conclusiones. Este artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica basada en evidencias para la prevención y tratamiento de pre-eclampsia y eclampsia en gestantes en el instituto de referencia nacional en salud materna y neonatal del Perú., Introduction. In Peru, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the second cause of maternal mortality. Objective. This evidence-based clinical practice guideline (EB-CPG) provides recommendations for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Methods. An adapted EB-CPG was elaborated through a systematic, rigorous and transparent process with a group consisting of methodologists and health professionals who are experts in the management of the disease. The guide has sixteen clinical questions and sixteen recommendations. The search and pre-selection of EB-CPGs were performed, which were evaluated through the “Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II” tool (AGREE-II), for its adaptation. The systematic search for evidence to answer the 16 clinical questions were made in multiple databases: MEDLINE / PubMed, EMBASE / Ovid, Cochrane Library, LILACS and SciELO. Evidences were selected and analyzed critically by clinicians and methodologists in pairs, recommendations were elaborated through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology (GRADE). Results. With the participation of a panel of clinical experts from the National Perinatal Maternal Institute, representatives from health care networks and other reference institutions, 16 recommendations were established for the prevention and treatment of pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia, for pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, eclampsia or hypertensive disease. Conclusions. This article summarizes the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in peruvian pregnant women for the national reference institute for maternal and neonatal health of Peru

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The countdown to Brexit has started. Given the short timeframe to Brexit and the large trading volumes, the authors investigate which certainties and uncertainties exist regarding the future trade relationship between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK). Certain is that the UK is leaving the EU on 29 March 2019. On the basis of the recently presented draft withdrawal agreement, however, the chances are apparent that the UK will not leave the EU Customs Union and the internal market during a transition period ending in December 2020. Taking into account a possible transition period, the authors discuss the most likely scenarios and their impact on trade between the EU and the UK, in particular from a customs perspective.

The time irreversibility and fast relaxation of collapsing $N$-body gravitating systems (as opposed to the time reversibility of the equations of motion for individual stars or particles) are traditionally attributed to information loss due to coarse-graining in the observation. We show that this subjective element is not necessary once one takes into consideration the fundamental fact that these systems are discrete, i.e. composed of a finite number $N$ of stars or particles. We show that a connection can be made between entropy estimates for discrete systems and the Nyquist-Shannon sampling criterion. Specifically, given a sample with $N$ points in a space of $d$ dimensions, the Nyquist-Shannon criterion constrains the size of the smallest structures defined by a function in the continuum that can be uniquely associated with the discrete sample. When applied to an $N$-body system, this theorem sets a lower limit to the size of phase-space structures (in the continuum) that can be resolved in the discrete data. As a consequence, the finite $N$ system tends to a uniform distribution after a relaxation time that typically scales as $N^{1/d}$. This provides an explanation for the fast achievement of a stationary state in collapsing $N$-body gravitating systems such as galaxies and star clusters, without the need to advocate for the subjective effect of coarse-graining., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

We investigate the old problem of the fast relaxation of collisionless $N$-body systems which are collapsing or perturbed, emphasizing the importance of (non-collisional) discreteness effects. We integrate orbit ensembles in fixed external potentials, estimating the entropy of the ensemble to analyze the time evolution of the distribution function. We show that these estimates capture the correct physical behavior expected from the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, without any spurious entropy production. For self-consistent (i.e. stationary) samples, the entropy is conserved, while for non-self-consistent samples, it increases within a few dynamical times up to a maximum where it stabilizes (even in integrable potentials). Our results shed light on the main ingredients for this fast collisionless relaxation. The fundamental ingredient is the discreteness (finite $N$) of gravitational systems in any potential. Additionally, in non-integrable potentials, the presence of chaotic orbits accelerates the entropy production. Contrary to the traditional violent relaxation scenario, our results indicate that a time-dependent potential is not necessary for this fast relaxation. For the first time, in connection with the Nyquist-Shannon theorem we determine the $N$-dependence of this discreteness-driven relaxation, deriving a typical relaxation time $T/\tau_{cr}\approx 0.1 N^{1/6}$, with slightly weaker $N$-dependencies for non-integrable potentials with substantial fractions of chaotic orbits. This timescale is much smaller than the collisional timescale even for small-$N$ systems such as open clusters and represents an upper limit for real collisionless $N$-body systems. Additionally, our results reinforce the conclusion draw in Beraldo e Silva et al. (2017) that the Vlasov equation does not provide an adequate kinetic description of the fast relaxation of collapsing collisionless $N$-body systems., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

The consumption of news published by big portals through social networks has been gaining space in Brazil recently. The big news portals make constant use of social networks to convey the news of their platforms. This article presents an investigation about the interest of Brazilians in news posted and shared by big portals on Facebook. In order to achieve this objective, we used content analysis, systematizing the likes and sharings of content most Brazilians are interested on. It has been found that there is a much greater interaction of people with banal news in relation to political news (even considering there will be a presidential election in the country this year), and incipient interaction with scientific news. The research concludes that Brazilian people are mainly attracted to meaningless entertainment., O consumo de notícias de grandes portais por meio das redes sociais vem ganhando muita força nos últimos anos no Brasil. Os grandes portais de notícias fazem uso constante desse meio para veicular as novidades de suas plataformas. Este artigo apresenta uma investigação acerca do interesse dos brasileiros em notícias de grandes portais que são postadas e compartilhadas no Facebook. Para tanto, utilizou-se análise de conteúdo destas plataformas, sistematizando o foco das interações e compartilhamentos no que tange às notícias de maior interesse dos Brasileiros. Verificou-se que há uma interação muito maior das pessoas com as notícias banais em relação às notícias políticas, mesmo diante das eleições deste ano, e uma interação incipiente com as notícias científicas. A pesquisa conclui que os brasileiros se sentem atraídos expressivamente por conteúdos de maior potencial de entretenimento vazio.

Today only. Print your own square kilometer., https://www.librarystack.org/one-square-kilometer-for-walter-de-maria/?ref=unknown

Evidence-based preventive interventions for adolescent substance use, violence, and mental health issues are increasingly being adapted and disseminated internationally. In the present paper, we report the results of an effectiveness study that was part of a comprehensive initiative by a coalition of health promotion organizations in the Lombardy region of Italy to select, culturally adapt, implement, evaluate, and sustain an evidence-based drug abuse prevention program developed in the USA. Findings are presented from a large-scale effectiveness study of the Life Skills Training prevention program among over 3000 students attending 55 middle schools in Italy. The prevention program taught drug refusal skills, antidrug norms, personal self-management skills, and general social skills. Relative to comparison group students, students who received the prevention program were less likely to initiate smoking at the post-test and 2-year follow-up, and less likely to initiate weekly drunkenness at the 1-year follow-up. The program had direct positive effects on several cognitive, attitudinal, and skill variables believed to play a protective role in adolescent substance use. The findings from this study show that a drug abuse prevention program originally designed for adolescents in the USA is effective in a sample of Italian youth when a rigorous and systematic approach to cultural adaptation is followed that incorporates the input of multiple stakeholders.

The collapse of a collisionless self-gravitating system, with the fast achievement of a quasi-stationary state, is driven by violent relaxation, with a typical particle interacting with the time-changing collective potential. It is traditionally assumed that this evolution is governed by the Vlasov-Poisson equation, in which case entropy must be conserved. We run N-body simulations of isolated self-gravitating systems, using three simulation codes: NBODY-6 (direct summation without softening), NBODY-2 (direct summation with softening) and GADGET-2 (tree code with softening), for different numbers of particles and initial conditions. At each snapshot, we estimate the Shannon entropy of the distribution function with three different techniques: Kernel, Nearest Neighbor and EnBiD. For all simulation codes and estimators, the entropy evolution converges to the same limit as N increases. During violent relaxation, the entropy has a fast increase followed by damping oscillations, indicating that violent relaxation must be described by a kinetic equation other than the Vlasov-Poisson, even for N as large as that of astronomical structures. This indicates that violent relaxation cannot be described by a time-reversible equation, shedding some light on the so-called "fundamental paradox of stellar dynamics". The long-term evolution is well described by the orbit-averaged Fokker-Planck model, with Coulomb logarithm values in the expected range 10-12. By means of NBODY-2, we also study the dependence of the 2-body relaxation time-scale on the softening length. The approach presented in the current work can potentially provide a general method for testing any kinetic equation intended to describe the macroscopic evolution of N-body systems., Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures - Significant changes in the Fokker-Planck description of the long-term evolution - Accepted by ApJ

El presente trabajo presenta una descripción general dela área del Campo Abarco, donde se explican las características litológicas y estratigráficas, posteriormente se hace una descripción de los sistemas de levantamiento artificial aplicados para crudos pesados, era necesario conocer la oferta y la demanda de cada uno de los pozos a través de la simulación de los datos obtenidos en pruebas de cada uno de los 4 pozos objeto de estudio a través de análisis nodal por medio del software PIPESIM, posteriormente se realiza la comparación técnica entre los sistemas de levantamiento artificial Bombeo Mecánico Convencional vs PCP METAL. Finalmente el proyecto se evaluó por medio de los indicadores financieros VPN Y TIR.

We report the first successful case of fetal surgery for spina bifida repair in Peru. A pregnant woman was referred to our center at 23 weeks’ gestation because of prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida. We formed a multidisciplinary international team with the goal of performing the first open intrauterine surgery in Peru. We performed a successful intrauterine surgery at 25 weeks of gestation and a healthy infant was born by cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation. We demonstrated the feasibility of this complex intrauterine surgery in our local setting., Se presenta el caso de una primigesta de 22 semanas de edad gestacional referida a nuestro servicio con el diagnóstico prenatal de espina bífida abierta. Se coordinó un equipo multidisciplinario nacional e internacional en el lapso de tres semanas para llevar a cabo la primera cirugía intrauterina de corrección de espina bífida. La operación se realizó a las 25 semanas y el parto por cesárea se produjo a las 37 semanas, obteniéndose buenos resultados a corto plazo. Demostramos que esta cirugía, altamente especializada y que involucra un gran equipo multidisciplinario, se puede realizar exitosamente en nuestro país.

Objetivo. Determinar las características clínicas y manejo de casos de hematoma hepático subcapsular (HHS), como consecuencia de preeclampsia y síndrome HELLP durante los años 2004 al 2016. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos. Lugar. Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Perú. Material. Historias clínicas de pacientes con HHS. Métodos. Se revisó los casos de HHS atendidos durante los años 2004 al 2016, identificados en forma retrospectiva. Con fines de comparación, se identificó también los casos de la literatura mundial en PubMed. Principales medidas de resultados. Incidencia, características clínicas, manejo y evolución. Resultados. Se encontró 31 casos de HHS, con incidencia de 1 en 6 000 a 9 000 partos. La edad promedio fue 34 años y 81% multíparas. La forma de diagnóstico más frecuente fue la visión directa durante la cesárea (45%). El síntoma más frecuente fue dolor en abdomen superior (52%), cefalea (36%), estado de conciencia alterado (31%) y hematuria (48%). En 90% se practicó empaquetamiento hepático y en 10% observación y monitoreo. En 44% se colocó Bolsa de Bogotá en la primera intervención quirúrgica y en los últimos 2 años se utiliza el sistema VAC para evitar el síndrome compartamental. El 74% de los casos sobrevivió y 26% falleció. El promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 23,2 días. Conclusiones. La incidencia de hematoma hepático subcapsular como consecuencia de preeclampsia y síndrome HELLP fue 1 en 6 000 a 9 000 partos. La hematuria fue un signo relevante y debiera ser motivo de estudio posterior. El 90% de empaquetamiento hepático tuvo diferencias estadísticas con lo reportado en la literatura mundial (p = 0,0025), debido probablemente a la tendencia en procedimientos conservadores. A pesar de solo usar manejo quirúrgico, la cifra de mortalidad fue similar a la reportada en la literatura mundial (26% versus 17%; p = 0,2702)., Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics and management of subcapsular hepatic hematoma (SHH) as a result of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome in the period 2004-2016. Design: Descriptive, retrospective study, series of cases type. Setting: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru. Material: We reviewed the clinical charts of patients with SHH. Methods: The clinical charts of cases with SHH attended at our institution between 2004 and 2016 were reviewed. Search also included PubMed and the results were compared with those in the literature. Main outcome measures: Incidence, clinical features, diagnosis, management and results. Results: 31 cases of SHH were found, with an incidence of 1 in 6 000 to 9 000 births. The mean maternal age was 34 years and 80% were multiparous. Diagnosis was usually through direct visualization of the hepatic rupture during caesarean section (45%). The most frequent symptoms were upper abdominal pain (52%), headache (36%), alteration of consciousness (31%) and hematuria (48%). Liver packing was performed in 90% of the cases; observation and monitoring, in 10%. In 44% of cases, a Bogotá bag was placed during the first surgery. During the last 2 years, we have recurred to vacuum-assisted closure to prevent compartment syndrome. 74% of cases survived and 26% died. The average hospital stay was 23.2 days. Conclusions: The incidence of subcapsular hepatic hematoma as a result of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome was 1 in 6 000 to 9 000 births. Hematuria was a significant sign and should be studied further. Liver packing was performed in 90% of patients, a statistically significant higher rate than that reported in the literature (p=0.0025), maybe due to a preference for conservative management. Despite only performing surgical treatment, the mortality rate was similar to that reported in the literature (26% versus 17%; p=0.2702).

Por medio de la presente investigación se desarrolló el diseño de un fracturamiento hidráulico en un yacimiento no convencional ubicado en el estado de Texas, en Estados Unidos, específicamente en la Formación Barnett Shale, la cual hace parte de la Cuenca Fort Worth, contemplando las variables necesarias para llevar a cabo el diseño del fracturamiento hidráulico y obtener el incremental de producción. Primero se hizo el desarrollo de la trayectoria para un pozo horizontal cuyo objetivo es llegar a la zona de interés, zona que se delimita de acuerdo a estudios petrofísicos previos y desarrollados especialmente para yacimientos no convencionales, posteriormente se toma en cuenta una serie de variables, las cuales son los tipos de fluidos que son inyectados para la creación de las fracturas, los tipos de propantes a usar, la definición del esquema de bombeo, la creación de la serie de etapas que constituyen la sección del pozo a la cual se le hacen las fracturas, entre otras. Además se analizan los parámetros esenciales que rigen el diseño del fracturamiento hidráulico, tales como la permeabilidad y la capacidad de flujo antes y después del desarrollo del proceso, los incrementales de producción de gas y agua, el efecto de la presión, el caudal de producción, entre otras variables.

Los recobros primario y secundario son fundamentales durante el desarrollo de un yacimiento; sin embargo, luego de un tiempo este tipo de métodos no son suficientes para extraer todos los hidrocarburos del mismo. Es por eso que un recobro terciario o mejorado es contemplado cuando las condiciones físicas y económicas son las adecuadas. Dicho lo anterior, en este proyecto se analiza la viabilidad técnico-financiera de un proceso de recobro químico Álcali-Surfactante-Polímero (ASP) en el Campo La Cira-Infantas, con el fin de determinar si es una buena opción para continuar con el desarrollo de este campo.

El presente proyecto de grado tiene por objeto desarrollar, la evaluación del efecto en las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los fluidos de perforación base agua y base aceite de tres aditivos lubricantes, para tal fin parte de la descripción de los fundamentos teóricos de los fluidos de perforación en cuanto a clasificación, funciones y pruebas aplicadas a los mismos, con un apartado especial para la prueba de lubricidad, la anterior como propiedad fundamental a evaluar en el presente proyecto; adicionalmente la descripción de los aditivos más utilizados en el área de fluidos de perforación de acuerdo a su función y los exponentes más comunes de los mismos.

The aims of present study were to evaluate the effects of milk somatic cell count (SCC) and heat stress on yield and milk composition of cows in a herd for commercial production in a temperate region during the period 2008-2012. Data from the monthly milk test-day records of 161±9 Holstein, totaling 9,650 milkings, were provided by the Association of Holstein Cattle Breeders of Parana State, and analyzed by descriptive analysis, correlation, analysis of variance, and regression analysis. The average daily milk yield was 31.78 kg/cow, which decreased to 29.31% when the somatic cell score (SCS) was 9, and to 11% when the Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI) was 32 or above. Lactose content decreased from SCS 0 until 9 and fat content decreased from SCS 1 until 9, totaling decrease 7.88 and 9.23%, respectively, when the SCS was 9. An opposite effect was observed for the protein content, which increased by 3.6% at SCS 8, when compared to SCS 0. Losses were observed in the daily total solids production from the SCS 0, totaling 30.64% at SCS 9.The increase in ETI to 32 or above reduced all milk constituents as much as 3.42%, except protein. These results, combined with the losses in milk yield at that ETI level, led to a decrease of up to 12.74% of milk solids. It is concluded that since losses in milk quality and yield resulting from SCC and ETI are significant, actions to prevent infection in the mammary gland and to provide a comfortable environment for dairy cattle are needed even in temperate regions., O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influencia da contagem de células somáticas (CCS) no leite e o estresse térmico sobre a produção e composição do leite de vacas de um rebanho de produção comercial em região de clima temperado, durante o período de 2008 a 2012. Os dados do dia de controle leiteiro de 161±9 vacas Holandesas, totalizando 9650 ordenhas, foram fornecidos pela Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa e analisados através de estatística descritiva, correlação, análise de variância e regressão. A produção média diária de leite foi de 31,78 kg/vaca, com diminuição de 29,31% quando o escore de contagem de células somáticas (ECS) foi 9 e até 11% quando o Índice de Temperatura Equivalente (ITE) foi 32 ou maior. Os teores de lactose decresceram a partir do ECS 0 até 9 e de gordura a partir de ECS 1 até 9, totalizando diminuição de 7,88 e 9,23%, respectivamente, quando o ECCS foi 9. Um efeito inverso foi observado em relação ao teor de proteína, o qual aumentou 3,6% com ECS 8, comparado com o ECS 0. A produção diária de sólidos totais iniciou perdas a partir do ECS 0 e totalizou perdas de 30,64% quando este foi 9. O aumento do ITE até 32 ou mais diminuiu a concentração de todos os componentes do leite, exceto de proteína, em valores de até 3,42% da concentração. Estes efeitos, somados a diminuição na produção diária de leite com este nível de ITE, totalizaram perdas de até 12,74% na produção de sólidos totais. Conclui-se que as perdas de produção e qualidade de leite com o aumento da CCS e ITE são significativas e podem justificar a adoção de medidas para prevenir infecções na glândula mamária e conforto de vacas leiteiras, mesmo em região de clima temperado.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da inulina e da oligofrutose nas características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais de bebidas lácteas simbióticas. Foram desenvolvidas quatro formulações de bebidas: controle (C), com adição de Lactobacillus paracasei (P), com adição de L. paracasei e inulina (PI) e com adição de L. paracasei e oligofrutose (PO). As populações do micro-organismo probiótico, o pH e a acidez dos produtos foram avaliados semanalmente, durante armazenamento refrigerado (5±1°C) por 21 dias. A pesquisa de possíveis micro-organismos contaminantes (coliformes, E. coli e Salmonella spp.) foi realizada após três dias de refrigeração. A aceitabilidade sensorial e a intenção de compra foram avaliadas sete dias após a produção. As populações observadas para o micro-organismo probiótico L. paracasei foram superiores a 8,50 log UFC/mL durante toda a vida de prateleira dos produtos. Houve redução significativa nos valores de pH para P e PI e aumento significativo na acidez para todas as formulações (p<0,05) ao longo do armazenamento. As bebidas lácteas apresentaram-se como uma matriz promissora para veiculação de L. paracasei. A adição dos ingredientes prebióticos (inulina e oligofrutose) às bebidas lácteas não interferiram na viabilidade de L. paracasei e na aceitabilidade global e na intenção de compras das bebidas., The aim of this study was to verify the effect of inulin and oligofructose on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of symbiotic dairy beverages. Four formulations were made: 1) a control (C); 2) a sample with added Lactobacillus paracasei (P); 3) a sample with added L. paracasei and inulin (PI); and 4) a sample with added L. paracasei and oligofructose (PO). The probiotic population, pH, and acidity of the products were evaluated once a week for 21 days while refrigerated (5±1°C). Possible contaminating microorganisms (coliforms, E. coli, and Salmonella spp.) were investigated after three days of storage. Sensorial acceptance and purchase intention were evaluated seven days after manufacture. Dairy beverages presented with L. paracasei populations above 8.50 log CFU/mL during the whole storage period. Significantly (p<0.05) lower pH values were observed in P and PI, and higher acidity values were found in all formulations throughout storage. The dairy beverages were considered to be a promising matrix for the probiotic microorganism L. paracasei. The prebiotic additions (inulin and oligofructose) did not interfere with the overall acceptance and intention to purchase the beverages.

Bakgrund: I Sverige lever cirka 5000 personer med spinalskada. Där spinalskadan lett till nedsatt blåsfunktion är ren intermittent kateterisering (RIK) den metod som rekommenderas i första hand. Syfte: Att undersöka hur personer med traumatisk spinalskada som använder ren intermittent kateterisering (RIK) upplever detta. Syftet var även att ta reda på vilka hanteringsstrategier som finns för att underlätta det dagliga livet. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer användes där fem personer med traumatisk spinalskada som använder RIK intervjuades. Resultat: Att behöva tillägna sig metoden väckte blandade känslor. Män upplevde det lättare att RIKa jämfört med kvinnor. Den egna kompetensen och kunnandet om metoden RIK ökade med tiden och de hittade nya hanteringsstrategier för att underlätta vardagen. Informanterna var medvetna om vikten av god hygien för att undvika urinvägsinfektioner. Däremot framgick det inte om informanterna var medvetna om kopplingen mellan vikten av regelbunden RIKning, residualurin i blåsan och uppkomsten av urinvägsinfektioner. Slutsats: Personer som använder RIK upplever det som nödvändigt och avgörande för att kunna leva ett normalt liv. Hanteringsstrategier är planering och anpassande av metoden efter fysisk förmåga och den egna vardagen. Behovet av stöd hos personer med spinalskada som använder RIK är individuellt och varierar. Adekvat stöd och utbildning underlättar och hjälper personer med nedsatt blåsfunktion som använder RIK att ta kontroll över utövandet och främjar följsamheten och långsiktig hälsa avseende urinvägarna., Background: About 5,000 people in Sweden live with a spinal injury. Where the spinal injury leads to impaired bladder function, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is the method recommended in the first place. Aim: To examine how individuals with traumatic spinal injury using clean intermittent catheterization experience the method. The aim was also to find out coping strategies available to facilitate daily life. Methods: A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was used where five people with traumatic spinal injury were interviewed. Results: The need to use CIC brought about mixed feelings among informants. Men felt that it was easier for them to use clean intermittent catheterization compared to women. Their expertise and knowledge increased with time and they found new coping strategies to facilitate everyday life. The informants were aware of the importance of good hygiene to prevent urinary tract infections. However, it was not clear if the informants were aware of the connection between the importance of using clean intermittent catheterization regularly, residual urine in the bladder and the occurrence of urinary tract infections. Conclusion: People who use CIC experience it as essential and vital in order to live a normal life. The need for support of people with spinal injury who use CIC is individual and varies. Adequate support and training for people with impaired bladder function using CIC facilitates and helps them to take control initially and promotes an ongoing adherence and long-term health regarding urinary tract.

Traumatic reticular pericarditis is a cardiothoracic lesion that affects cattle and pointed objects are the etiological agents that reach the reticule and the heart triggering cardiac insufficiency and toxemia It is very important economically because of the loss in production leading to the death of the animal. The clinical signs in these animals are apathy, anorexia, ingurgitation and jugular pulse and dampening of the cardiac beats. In the present study 18877 slaughtered cattle were monitored in the Mataboi Slaughterhouse, in Araguari– MG, in the Mineiro Triangle region, and the presence of traumatic reticule pericarditis was analyzed during the post mortem examination. Sixty-two cases (0.33%) cases of pericarditis were observed, where 46 (74%) presented perforation of the pericardiac bag, with the presence of fibrinous exsudate, and also presented adherences in the corresponding silky reticule. Pointed metal-type foreign bodies were found in sixteen animals (34%), ten wires (62.5%) and six nails (37.5%)., A reticulo pericardite traumática é uma lesão cardiotorácica que acomete o bovino e tem como agentes etiológicos objetos pontiagudos que atingem o retículo e o coração desencadeando a insuficiência cardíaca e a toxemia. Tem grande importância econômica devido à perda da produção levando à morte do animal. Os sinais clínicos, nesses animais são apatia, anorexia, ingurgitamento e pulso das jugulares, e abafamento das bulhas cardíacas. No presente trabalho foram acompanhados 18.877 bovinos abatidos, no Matadouro Frigorífico Mataboi, na cidade de Araguari – MG, região do Triângulo Mineiro e analisada a presença de reticulo pericardite traumática durante exame post-mortem. Observaram-se 62 (0,33%) casos de pericardites, onde 46 (74%) apresentaram perfuração do saco pericárdico, com presença de exsudato fibrinoso, além de apresentar aderências na serosa reticular correspondente. Destes, em 16 (34%) foram encontrados corpos estranhos pontiagudos do tipo metálicos, dez com arames (62,5%) e seis com pregos (37,5%). Palavras- chaves: bovino, reticulo- pericardite traumática, matadouro frigorífico.

Zonas ripárias são áreas de saturação hídrica, permanente ou temporária, cuja principal função é a proteção dos recursos hídricos de uma microbacia. Essa pesquisa comparou a adequação do uso do solo de dois cenários de planejamento agrícola de uma microbacia: o cenário convencional, representando o método usualmente empregado, que apenas considera as classes de capacidade de uso da terra, e o cenário hidrológico, que inclui a delimitação e avaliação das zonas ripárias. Um estudo de caso foi realizado na Microbacia do Ribeirão São João (3.656 ha), no município de Mineiros do Tietê (São Paulo, Brasil). Mapas de Classe de Capacidade de Uso da Terra e de Adequação do Uso do Solo foram elaborados, utilizando o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), para a construção dos cenários convencional e do proposto. Excluindo a Área de Preservação Permanente (APP), o cenário convencional indicou que 59,0% da área destinada à agricultura está adequadamente utilizada, 28,2% está subutilizada e 2,6% está sobreutilizada. O cenário proposto ou hidrológico, com inclusão da identificação da zona ripária (24,9% da microbacia) mostrou que muitas áreas que, no cenário convencional, possuem pouca restrição para o cultivo intensivo, como as classes II e III, são zonas ripárias, de sensibilidade hidrológica. Existem dentro dos limites da zona ripária 38,9% de classe de capacidade de uso III e 49,5% de classe IV. O planejador, desconsiderando a zona ripária, pode colocar em risco áreas vitais que, se degradadas, representam danos para a saúde e resiliência da microbacia.

To analyze the construction of orality in culture circus, especially in the processes of socialization and identification is the goal of this article, which is based on the collection of Archive Miroel Silveiraand the depositions of the circus artists., Analisar a oralidade na construção da cultura circense, especialmente nos processos de socialização e identificação,é o objetivo deste artigo, que tem por base o acervo do Arquivo Miroel Silveira e os depoimentos dos artistas de circo.

Technological developments of the last few years have favoured the creation of distributed networking infrastructures (usually referred to as community networks) where the resources are made available to the members of a community of people. With emerging large-scale community infrastructures the opportunities for new commercial services and for innovative business models are becoming feasible. Since one of the most resource-demanding services today is access to user-generated content through the Web, suitable content delivery services are needed in the context of community networks in orders to make an effective usage of shared resources. In this paper we describe two architectures we have designed to provide optimized delivery of multimedia Web content (e.g. video but also other kinds of user generated content) within community networks. Both architectures work without any kind of cooperation from the original content providers but assume that a basic Web caching service is provided within the network, either by commercial service providers or by the community members themselves. While the first architecture relies on a traditional centralized control entity, the second is designed according to the peer-to-peer paradigm, in order to provide better scalability, robustness to failures and self-configurability. Experimental results are also presented aimed at evaluating the performance gains for end-users from a localized distribution of content in scenarios in which community members are distributed in clusters sparse at different geographic locations.

The circus‑theater, that could be seen at São Paulo’s urban landscape throughout twentieth century, constituted itself in a form of popular performance based in the cultural hybridization, withelements from learned culture and mass culture. In turn, both of these cultures assimilated the circus discourse, in an unequivocal process of cultural circularity., O circo‑teatro, presente na paisagem urbana de São Paulo em todo o século XX, constituiu‑se em espetáculo popular baseado na hibridização cultural, com elementos da cultura erudita eda cultura de massa. Por sua vez, estas duas culturas se apropriaram do discurso circense, num processo evidente de circularidade cultural.

Existe una gran demanda de productos debido a la globalización. Los CIM pueden reconfigurarse rápidamente para una variedad de productos, configurando celdas de manufactura, las celdas generan diferentes capas de control. El área de control de la celda se encuentra en la parte más baja del CIM e incluye PLC’s para el control de la celda que involucra: Robots y diferentes tipos de máquinas automáticas. Este articulo presenta una solución al problema del control secuencial de una celda conformada por tres máquinas: Taladrado, indexado y transporte, utilizando modelos en Redes de Petri programada en lenguaje GRAPH-S7 para PLC SIEMENS S7

The stories of food poisoning from staphylococci, mainly by S. aureus, are frequently associates to the ingestion of food with 100 ng of enterotoxin/g or mL. The production of enterotoxin using staphylococci is strongly associated with the production of coagulase. In this paper, milk samples of 51 milk properties in Londrina (RS) and 50 in Pelotas had been evaluated. All the 101 samples had presented counts of coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS). From 552 colonies studied, 256 were CPS where 60% of the colonies were typical in Baird Parker agar and, from 296 coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS), in mean, 60% were atypical colonies. Due to the enterotoxigenic capacity, were tested 109 CPS, being 5,5% (6) positive and 18 CNS where 1 (5,5%) were positive. The frequency of CPS EEA (5,5%) producer was similar of the CNS. There is a wide milk contamination with CPS, where, a big part (40%) of the atypical colonies is coagulase producers., Os relatos de intoxicação estafilocócica, principalmente por S. aureus, são frequentemente associados à ingestão de 100 ng de enterotoxina/g ou mL de alimento. A produção de enterotoxina pelos estafilococos está associada fortemente à produção de coagulase. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas amostras de leite de 51 propriedades leiteiras em Londrina (RS) e 50 em Pelotas. Todas as 101 amostras apresentaram contagens de estafilococos coagulase positivos (ECP). Das 552 colônias avaliadas, 256 foram coagulase positivas e destas cerca de 60% eram típicas no àgar Baird Parker e, em média, 60% do total de 296 estafilococos coagulase negativos (ECN) eram colônias atípicas. Quanto à capacidade enterotoxigênica, testou-se 109 colônias ECP, sendo 5,5% (6) positivas e 18 ECN, sendo 1 (5,5%) positiva. Assim, a freqüência de ECN produtores de EEA (5,5%) foi semelhante a dos ECP. Conclui-se que há extensa contaminação do leite cru por ECP, sendo grande parte (40%) das colônias atípicas produtoras de coagulase.

To improve the microbiology quality of the milk produced in Brazil, steps like the refrigeration have been implanted in the dairy sector but, temperatures of 4oC are selective for psycrotrophics microorganisms. These microorganisms, irrespective of their optimum growth temperature, are able to multiply in refrigeration temperature and produce heat-resistant extra celular enzymes that can cause changes, especially in dairy products and UHT milk. This work has the objective to determine the main points of milk contamination in dairy process and the effect of refrigeration on the control and multiplication of microorganisms. Five properties located in Londrina city- PR were aviated. Different points have been assessed in the dairy process and mesophilics (35oC/48hs) and psychrotrophics (21oC/25hs) microorganisms were researched. The main contamination points found were the milk cans, bulk milk tanks, residual water in the dairy equipments and teats bad cleaned. The residual water on the bulk milk tanks, on the cans, teats bad cleaned and the dairy centrifuge equipment were the main source of psychrotrophics. The quantity of psycrotrophics in all points assessed were greater than the ideal limit (10% of the mesophilic count). In the refrigerated milk, the psychrotrophics count over came the mesophilics count, showing that the mesophilics count can under estimate the real microflora of refrigerated milk, what means that psychrotrophics are the best indicators for refrigerated milk contamination. By what means, refrigeration at 4oC is not sufficient to control the multiplication of the psycrotrophics group, is necessary to associate good practices to avoid or control the milk contamination by psycrotrophics in the main contamination points detected in this study., A refrigeração do leite na propriedade e o transporte a granel são medidas cuja implantação visa a melhoria da qualidade microbiológica do leite produzido no país, mas temperaturas em torno de 4ºC selecionam uma microbiota denominada psicrotrófica, que independentemente de sua temperatura ótima de crescimento, multiplica-se bem sob refrigeração e produz enzimas termorresistentes, que comprometem a qualidade principalmente de derivados lácteos e leite UAT. Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar os principais pontos de contaminação do leite por mesófilos e psicrotróficos no processo de produção leiteira, bem como a eficiência da refrigeração no controle do crescimento destes microrganismos. Avaliou-se cinco (5) propriedades leiteiras da região de Londrina- PR, analisando-se diversos pontos do processo de produção e pesquisando-se microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos (35ºC/48hs) e psicrotróficos (21ºC/25 hs). Os principais pontos de contaminação foram os latões, tanques de expansão, água residual de equipamentos e utensílios de ordenha e tetos higienizados inadequadamente. Água residual dos tanques de expansão, de latões, tetos higienizados inadequadamente e a clarificadora foram os pontos com maior contagem de psicrotróficos. A quantidade de psicrotróficos encontrada em todos os segmentos do processo de produção pesquisados, foi superior ao que considera-se tolerável (10% da quantidade de mesófilos). No leite refrigerado, o número de psicrotróficos superou o de mesófilos, mostrando que a contagem de mesófilos pode subestimar a real quantidade de microrganismos presentes, sendo os psicrotróficos os indicadores de contaminação ideais neste produto. Como a refrigeração a 4oC não inibe o crescimento deste grupo de microrganismos, deve-se evitar sua incorporação ao leite durante a produção, havendo necessidade da associação de boas práticas em todo o processo produtivo.

Psychrotrophics microorganisms are able to multiply under refrigeration temperatures. They can produce heat-resistant extracellular enzymes that cause organoleptic and structural changes in milk and dairy products. With the objective of determining the frequency of microorganisms in the dairy process, four farms were evaluated in Londrina city – Brazil and different points were assessed. Mesophilic (48hs at 35oC), psychrotrophic (25hs at 21oC) and proteolytic (72hs at 22oC) microorganisms were researched, and the proteolytic predominant microflora were determined by using the Gram stain technique. The main psychrotrophic contamination points were the residual water on milk cans, on bulk tank and bad cleaned teats, and milk cans and teats were the most important sources of proteolytics. Gram negative bacilli represented 69% of the microorganisms in the refrigerated milk that means 45% of the total proteolytics microorganisms in the dairy process. Gram negative bacilli is most frequent on bad cleaned teats, teatcups, residual water in milk cans and bulk tank. The psychrotroph count in the refrigerated milk was more than the mesophilic count, showing that that psychrotrophics are the best indicatator for refrigerated milk contamination. The psycrotrophics count at all points assessed were greater than the ideal limit (10% of the mesophilic count). Thus as refrigeration at 4oC is not sufficient to control the multiplication of the psycrotrophics group, good practices should be associated to avoid or control milk contamination by psycrotrophics., Os psicrotróficos são microrganismos que têm capacidade de multiplicação em temperaturas de refrigeração. Produzem enzimas termorresistentes como proteases e lipases que promovem alterações organolépticas no leite e comprometem a produção de derivados. Com o objetivo de determinar a freqüência desses microrganismos a produção do leite, foram estudadas 04 propriedades da região de Londrina, PR, analisando diversos pontos do processo. Determinou-se a contagem de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos (48hs a 35ºC), psicrotróficos (25hs a 21ºC), psicrotróficos proteolíticos (72 hs a 22ºC) e as características morfotintoriais da microbiota psicrotrófica proteolítica predominante. Os principais pontos de contaminação por psicrotróficos foram a água residual de latões, tanques de expansão e tetos higienizados inadequadamente, sendo que os psicrotróficos proteolíticos predominam nos latões e tetos. Bacilos Gram negativos representaram 45% da microbiota proteolítica de todo o processo de produção, no leite refrigerado corresponderam a 69% dos psicrotróficos proteolíticos encontrados e ainda predominaram nos tetos higienizados, teteiras, água residual de latões e tanques de expansão. As contagens de psicrotróficos superaram as de mesófilos em leite refrigerado, mostrando que a pesquisa de psicrotróficos é ideal para avaliar a real carga microbiana do leite refrigerado. Como a refrigeração a 4oC não inibe o crescimento deste grupo de microrganismos, deve-se evitar sua incorporação ao leite durante a produção, havendo necessidade da adoção de boas práticas de manejo em todo o processo produtivo.

In dieser Arbeit werden mit Hilfe von Röntgenstreuung Polymere untersucht, die auf molekularer Ebene eine lamellenartige Schichtstruktur aufweisen. Diese Ordnung wird bei hohen Temperaturen zerstört, das Polymer wandelt sich in eine homogene Schmelze um. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Ursachen dieser Phasenumwandlung, d.h. ihre treibenden Kräfte zu erforschen. Hierzu werden mehrere Polymere verschiedener Zusammensetzung untersucht und der Einfluss von mechanischem "Stress" auf die Phasenumwandlung überprüft. Die untersuchte Polymerklasse ist ein sogenanntes Diblockcopolymer , d.h. die Polymermoleküle bestehen aus jeweils zwei linearen Polymerkettenstücken verschiedener Polymersorten (hier: {\em Polystyrol} und {\em Polybutadien}), die "Kopf an Kopf" miteinander verbunden sind. Durch diese molekulare Verbindung ist eine Auftrennung auf makroskopischem Massstab, etwa vergleichbar der Entmischung von "Ol und Wasser, nicht möglich. Mikroskopisch kann das Polymer durch eine günstige Ausrichtung der Moleküle zueinander die Kontakte zwischen den Polystyrol- und Polybutadien-Teilketten minimieren. Diese Abnahme der Gesamt-Wechselwirkungsenergie führt zum Aufbau einer lamellaren Struktur und bedeutet gleichzeitig eine Absenkung der Entropie. Bei Erhöhung der Temperatur kann der entropische Beitrag zur freien Energie dominant werden, d.h. die Ordnung wird zerstört. Die Experimente wurden am Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung in Mainz unter Betreuung von Herrn Prof. Dr. Manfred Stamm (inzwischen an der Universität Dresden) durchgeführt. Dort wurden die Polymere synthetisiert und eine vorhandene Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuanlage für die hier vorgestellten Messungen genutzt. Weiterhin wurde eine Scherapparatur so umgebaut, dass die gleichzeitige Messung von Scherung und Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung im Time-Slicing-Verfahren möglich war. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Röntgendetektor entwickelt, der die korrelierte Datenerfassung von Scherung und Röntgenstreuung im Zeitmasssta

We present a time-saving and objective flow cytometric immunofluorescence assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against platelets, granulocytes or lymphocytes using a reconstituted mixture of these cell populations. Platelets, granulocytes and lymphocytes could be distinguished on the basis of their forward (FSC) and sideways (SSC) light scattering properties plotted on scales of 4 log orders. After setting FSC/SSC gates around the platelets, granulocytes and lymphocytes, the reactivity of the sera with the cell populations was determined by histogram analyses of immunofluorescence for each gate. The flow cytometric assay of reconstituted cell mixtures showed a strong, positive correlation with a reference microscopic immunofluorescence assay of separate cell suspensions. The reproducible procedures for the isolation and staining of the cells and the electronic stability of the flow cytometer permitted the use of the same gate and marker settings throughout the experiments. Consequently, the entire analysis of data stored in list mode could be performed using a keystroke, so that time consuming and subjective manual analyses were avoided.

[24] p., A translation, by Robert Groshede [i.e. Robert Grosseteste], of: Henley, Walter de. Dite de hosbondrie., The attribution of the translation to Grosseteste is dubious--STC., The title page is xylographic, white on black--STC., Imprint from STC., Includes a few precepts on planting trees and vines derived partly from Palladius and partly from a text similar to "The craft of grafting and planting of trees" (STC 5952.5)--STC., Signatures: A B⁴., Reproduction of the original in the Cambridge University Library., (DLPS) A14705.0001.001, (stc) STC 25007, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html, To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

[6], 18 [i.e. 54] p., Initials., Attributed to Walter de Henley by STC (2nd ed.) and CDNB., Dedication ascribed by "Iames Bellot Gentleman of Caen in Normandy"., Signatures: A³ B-D⁸ E³., Pages numbered on recto only, with numerous errors in numbering; leaves 25, 26, 27 are numbred 22, 23, 18, respectively., Reproduction of original in: University of Glasgow. Library., (DLPS) B00849.0001.001, (vid) 181146, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

[24] p., A translation, by Robert Groshede [i.e. Robert Grosseteste], of: Henley, Walter de. Dite de hosbondrie., The attribution of the translation to Grosseteste is dubious--STC., The title page is xylographic, white on black--STC., Imprint from STC., Includes a few precepts on planting trees and vines derived partly from Palladius and partly from a text similar to "The craft of grafting and planting of trees" (STC 5952.5)--STC., Signatures: A B⁴., Reproduction of the original in the Cambridge University Library., (DLPS) A14705.0001.001, (stc) STC 25007, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html, To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

Reported herein is the modification of a monoprocessing operating system, UNIX, designed to support an interactive multiprogramming environment on the PDP 11/40, 11/45 and 11/50 computers, to a multiprocessing operating system utilizing two PDP 11/50 processors and an expanded set of peripheral devices. The evolution of change from UNIX to the more responsive and efficient modified version called MUNIX is documented here to provide a basis for continuing work on the system and as a guide that might prove helpful to others engaged in similar projects. MUNIX, while retaining all the qualities of UNIX, provides increased system efficiency and improved response to users. Although the project is considered a success the full potential of MUNIX is far from being realized. Towards this end several suggestions for improvement are made in the closing chapter. (Author)

Reported herein is the modification of a monoproccessing operating system, UNIX, designed to support an interactive multiprogramming environment on the PDP 11/40, 11/45 and 11/50 computers,' to a multiprocessing operating system utilizing two PDP 11/50 processors and an expanded set of peripheral devices. The evolution of change from UNIX to the more responsive and efficient modified version called MUNIX is documented here to provide a basis for continuing work on the system and as a guide that might prove helpful to others engaged in similar projects. MUNIX, while retaining all the qualities of UNIX, provides increased system efficiency and improved response to users. Although the project is considered a success the full potential of MUNIX is far from being realized. Towards this end several suggestions for improvement are made in the closing chapter.

TPS is a card-based word processor for use with the IBM OS/MVT operating system. TPS commands are imbedded in the free-format text input stream. User defined macros (with arguments) and a report generator macro library, (TPSLIB) provide automated formatting facilities similiar to those available from a competent technical typist. This report is a primer for TPS and TPSLIB; appendices provide detailed reference information and examples. (Author), http://archive.org/details/tpstextprocessin00bark, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

A third party, in his dealing with a company, is protected in the following three manners: 1. By the protection afforded by Section 69 of the Companies Act, Act 46 of 1926; 2. By the rule formulated in the case Royal British Bank vs. Turquand; 3. By the personal liability of directors. Directors or not, as a general rule, incur personal liability as against third parties on contracts entered into by them in the name and on behalf of their companies. What is of importance for the subject of this dissertation is the precept contained in the second basis of protection enumerated above, namely, the Rule formulated in the case of Royal British Bank vs. Turquand. Being a person, a company's liabilities are not the liabilities of the members of the company, but its own. Being a persona ficta, however, the company's acts can only be performed by natural persons. These are the directors of the company. Their capacities are determined by the Articles of Association. The Articles of Association govern the domestic affairs of the company. Together with the Memorandum of Association, the Articles, when registered, form the public documents of the company. These public documents, on registration, create an objective right for a defined community, that is, the company and all the shareholders. Persons dealing with a director have these "public documents" to guide them as to whether the directors are acting within their granted powers, or not. If an outsider, therefore, deals with a director, who in terms of the Articles is empowered to perform the particular act, the outsider has no way of knowing whether the internal arrangements necessary for the authorisation of that director's act have actually taken place. As far as he is concerned, the act is intra vires the Articles of Association. If, however, the director has not in fact the necessary authority, and the outsider's act would be to his detriment if the ordinary principles of ultra vires acts applied, the company may neverth