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This course serves as an in-depth look at literacy theory in media contexts, from its origins in ancient Greece to its functions and changes in the current age of digital media, participatory cultures, and technologized learning environments. Students will move quickly through traditional historical accounts of print literacies; the majority of the semester will focus on treating literacy as more than a functional skill (i.e., one's ability to read and write) and instead as a sophisticated set of meaning-making activities situated in specific social spaces. These new media literacies include the practices and concepts of: fan fiction writing, online social networking, videogaming, appropriation and remixing, transmedia navigation, multitasking, performance, distributed cognition, and collective intelligence. Assignments include weekly reading and writing assignments and an original research project. Readings will include Plato, Goody and Watt, Scribner and Cole, Graff, Brandt, Heath, Lemke, Gee, Alvermann, Jenkins, Hobbs, Pratt, Leander, Dyson, Levy, Kress, and Lankshear and Knobel.

World War II as an in(ternet)-joke : A study on cultural community on the forum r/ww2memes. This master’s thesis examines the construction of community on the Reddit-forum r/ww2memes, dedicated to publishing and sharing internet memes concerning World War 2. By constructing a theoretical framework consisting of a certain use of history applied in presentist temporalities, herein referred to as appropriation of history, and a cultural theory purposed to analyze the digital culture of internet memes, perspective is created to make understanding of how history is communicated through history memes. The material, consisting of the 150 most popular internet memes on r/ww2memes through all time was approached through a methodology based in the concept of narrative abbreviations, explained through World War 2 historiography, as well as a model to discern expressions of identity and belonging through internet memes, grounded in the concept of subaltern counterpublics. Through this methodology, the forum’s construction of World War 2 as a collection of fronts, battles and occurrences, specifically the invasion of Poland 1939, the invasion of France 1940, the Eastern Front 1941-1945, the Pacific War 1941-1945 and the Holocaust, was made visible. The study found that r/ww2memes predominantly communicates about World War 2 in uniting aspects, with knowledge, values and experience as their main expressions of unity and belonging. In regard to values, the study found that r/ww2memes creates identity through internet memes depicting World War 2 by constructing itself as sphere consisting of men, while also deprecating groups that show support to the Wehrmacht. The main findings regarding appropriation of history found that, through understanding communication of history in internet memes as a presentist process, history can be appropriated by the particular expressions typical for internet memes, as well as that the predominate historical ideas communicated on the forum can be tra, I denna masteruppsats undersöks hur internetmemes om andra världskriget används på det Reddit-baserade forumet r/ww2memes för att bilda gemenskap. Eftersom internetmemes ofta saknar upphovsperson och tydligt ursprung studeras de här som allmänna kulturella fenomen, tillkomna genom deltagande på forumet, vilka genom humor ger uttryck för historiesyn och gemenskap. I syfte att genomföra studien har ett teoretiskt ramverk som möjliggör analys av historieanvändning i internetmemes konstruerats. I analysen har forumets 150 mest populära internetmemes analyserats som bestående av enande kulturella symboler vilka kännetecknar hur forumet bildar gemenskap. För att förstå forumets uttryck för historiesyn analyseras dessa internetmemes som bestående av inslag från nationella historieskrivningar. Resultatet visade att andra världskriget-historien som förmedlades i internetmemes på r/ww2memes huvudsakligen gav uttryck för västerländska och amerikanska historieskrivningar, där stridigheter och fronter i Europa och Stilla havet var vanligast att anspela på. Gemenskapen på forumet bildades huvudsakligen kring enade synsätt på historieskrivning, utmärkande kunskaper om kriget och dess förlopp, en föreställning om forumet som ett utrymme för män samt en uppslutning kring värdet att berätta den föreställt riktiga historien, frigjord från romantiseringar av nazismen. Genom uppsatsens resultat framträder dessutom ett teoretiskt perspektiv som förklarar hur förmedling av historia i internetmemes bör förstås. Detta grundas i en samtida kulturell process där offentliga händelser och kunskaper, exempelvis sådant som berör historia, får en etablerad kulturell innebörd och omvandlas till referenspunkter vilka kan hänvisas till i internetmemes.

In this compilation thesis I examine Internet memes within the political discourse of the three major German-speaking countries Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The analysis incorporates several theoretical and methodological approaches, including politolinguistics and discourse studies, text linguistics, multimodality theory and media linguistics. The central driving questions of this research are as follows: How does political language manifest visually and textually in memes? What role do the Internet, social network platforms, and their affordances play in the creation and dissemination of memes? How do memes contribute to diverse political discourses? Three distinct studies examine memes within different contexts to address these questions: Study 1 investigates memes as satirical texts, analyzing a collection of memes published by two German TV news parodies on their Facebook platform. These memes focus on the 2017 G-20 summit held in Hamburg. The dataset comprises 27 memes, along with public Facebook comments accompanying these memes. Applying medialinguistic approaches and concepts from discourse analysis, this study explores how memes employ satire and interact with the Internet as a medium, particularly on the Facebook platform. Study 2 concentrates on memes within political campaigns. For this purpose, a collection of 64 memes published on the Swiss political group Operation Libero's Facebook page during referendum campaigns was gathered. A close reading, drawing from both multimodality theory and the discourse historical approach, addresses questions about how arguments are constructed within internet memes in terms of both image and text, as well as how memes interact with the broader political discourse. Study 3 examines memes from Austria, Germany and Switzerland as populist texts, applying Moffitt's conceptualization of populist style (2016). A data-based investigation rooted in the discourse historical approach and multimodality theory analyzes mem

In this compilation thesis I examine Internet memes within the political discourse of the three major German-speaking countries Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The analysis incorporates several theoretical and methodological approaches, including politolinguistics and discourse studies, text linguistics, multimodality theory and media linguistics. The central driving questions of this research are as follows: How does political language manifest visually and textually in memes? What role do the Internet, social network platforms, and their affordances play in the creation and dissemination of memes? How do memes contribute to diverse political discourses? Three distinct studies examine memes within different contexts to address these questions: Study 1 investigates memes as satirical texts, analyzing a collection of memes published by two German TV news parodies on their Facebook platform. These memes focus on the 2017 G-20 summit held in Hamburg. The dataset comprises 27 memes, along with public Facebook comments accompanying these memes. Applying medialinguistic approaches and concepts from discourse analysis, this study explores how memes employ satire and interact with the Internet as a medium, particularly on the Facebook platform. Study 2 concentrates on memes within political campaigns. For this purpose, a collection of 64 memes published on the Swiss political group Operation Libero's Facebook page during referendum campaigns was gathered. A close reading, drawing from both multimodality theory and the discourse historical approach, addresses questions about how arguments are constructed within internet memes in terms of both image and text, as well as how memes interact with the broader political discourse. Study 3 examines memes from Austria, Germany and Switzerland as populist texts, applying Moffitt's conceptualization of populist style (2016). A data-based investigation rooted in the discourse historical approach and multimodality theory analyzes mem

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von Storytelling bei virtuellen Influencern:Influencerinnen, die mittels Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) erstellt werden und fiktive Charaktere sind. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht die Frage, wie virtuelle Influencer:innen Storytelling nutzen, um als bloßer Avatar Persönlichkeit zu erlangen. Dafür wurde in der Arbeit eine Analyse der Instagram-Postings der virtuellen Influencerin Lil Miquela durchgeführt, die gezeigt hat, dass Storytelling ein essenzielles Tool ist, um Lil Miquela Persönlichkeit zu verleihen. Die Story von Lil Miquela vereint alle wichtigen Komponenten für eine gute Geschichte und bindet das hinter ihr stehende Unternehmen Brud und deren eigene Unternehmensgeschichte mit ein. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit von Storytelling für die Figur selbst sowie für das Business und eine langfristige Bindung der User:innen an den Account. Vor allem durch das Web 3.0 werden noch neue Möglichkeiten im Influencer:innen-Marketing entstehen., This paper examines the use of storytelling in virtual influencers, which are created using Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) and are fictional characters. The study focuses on how virtual influencers utilize storytelling to gain personality to become more than just an avatar. A posting analysis of the virtual influencer Lil Miquela was conducted in this paper, revealing that storytelling is an essential tool in giving Lil Miquela personality. Lil Miquela's story brings together all the essential components of a good story and incorporates the company Brud and its own corporate history. The analysis's results underline the importance of storytelling for both the character and the business, in order to build a long-term connection with the users. Also, the transition to Web 3.0 will create new possibilities in influencer marketing, particularly in this area., Pauline Unterleitner, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023

El desarrollo evolutivo de la Red hacia una Red Universal Digital conlleva una modificación de las conductas, usos y competencias de los internautas. Han surgido nuevas formas de acceso, gestión y diseño de la información, las cuales están generando conductas distintas a la hora de gestionar dicha información y en el seno de las relaciones sociales. Son los llamados “nativos digitales” los que hacen una mayor utilización de este tipo de recursos y servicios nuevos. El objeto de la investigación presente es la evaluación y análisis de las conductas y competencias sociocomunicativas que los “nativos digitales” y jóvenes desarrollan en la Red. Esta fase del proyecto es meramente cualitativa por lo que siempre se habla de tendencias. Los resultados muestran una clara diferencia entre dos grupos: los “nativos digitales” (jóvenes de 14 a 17 años), y los “inmigrantes digitales” (jóvenes de 18 a 35 años) respecto a su comportamiento en la red., The evolutional development of the Net into a Universal Digital Network leads a change in behavior, habits and competencies of Internet users. There are new forms of access, management and information design, which are generating differents behaviors for managing such information and within social relations. These are called"digital natives" who make greater use of such resources and new services. The purpose of this research is the evaluation and analysis of behaviors and competencies in social comunications that "digital natives"and young people develop on the Net. This phase is purely qualitative, so that all the conclusions are trends. The results show a clear difference between two groups of ages: the "digital natives" (14 to 17 years old) and the "digital immigrants" (18 to 35 years old) about their behaviors on the network., Depto. de Teorías y Análisis de la Comunicación, Fac. de Ciencias de la Información, TRUE, pub

En el corazón de los debates y las prácticas actuales se encuentra la hipótesis sobre la comunicación a dos niveles: los líderes de opinión y los denominados seguidores. En el ámbito de la comunicación persuasiva se acepta la importancia de este tipo de comunicación dual a la hora de evaluar los efectos sobre la toma de decisiones de los consumidores. Los denominados bloggers se han convertido en una herramienta de nueva de comunicación digna de ser estudiada, dada la relevancia adquirida en el ámbito de la comunicación en general, y más concretamente, su poder para construir o modificar la imagen de marca y las interaccio-nes en el área empresarial. Para ello es preciso observar los caracteres metafísicos de nuestras metapsicologías y mantener una actitud de deconstrucción permanente, de modo de no intentar resolver los renovados problemas que nos imponen las prácticas sociales de hoy, con las preguntas de ayer como herramientas (Schroeder, D. 2004). El riesgo es realizar entonces lecturas solamente desde lo que ya sabemos. [ABSTRACT] In the heart of the discussion and current practices is the hypothesis about communication in two levels: opinion leaders and the so-called followers. In the area of persuasive communication, the importance of this kind of dual communication when evaluating the effects on the consumer’s decision, is accepted. The so-called bloggers have turned into a tool for a new communication worth to be studied, considering its relevance in the communi-cation field, and more specifically, its power to construct or modify both the brand image, and the business world interactions., Depto. de Teorías y Análisis de la Comunicación, Fac. de Ciencias de la Información, TRUE, pub

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational. BACKGROUND: The use of social media by providers can enhance patient education, complement offline information, facilitate patient support, stimulate brand building, and strengthen the organizations market position. Risks of social media include, but are not limited to, a lack of quality, reliability, misrepresentation of credentials, influence of hidden and overt conflicts of interest, content that may jeopardize patient privacy, HIPAA regulations, and physicians credentials and licensure. Physicians use of social media may also expose him/her to lawsuits if providing specific medical advice on media platforms. OBJECTIVE: To document the social media presence of a broad cohort of spine surgeons, and to discuss the benefits and risks of a social media presence. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational of 325 Spine Surgeons from 76 institutions across the US. Description statistic and Pearsons correlation were used to investigate the relationships between the variables. RESULTS: Out of the 325 surgeons, 96% were male with an average age of 51.5 ± 10.7 years and 14.1 ± 9.6 years of experience. The frequency of social media use included 57.2% of surgeons had professional LinkedIn, 17.8% had professional Facebook, and less than 16% had other social media platforms. When combining all platforms together, 64.6% of all surgeons had at least one professional social media platform. 64.0% of these surgeons had no social media activity in the past 90 days, while 19.4% and 10.9% were active once and twice a month, respectively. Surgeon age (P = 0.004), years in practice (P < 0.001), and practice type (P < 0.001) were strongly correlated with social media activity. CONCLUSIONS: Given the scarcity of research on this topic and the novelty of the platforms, social media and online services continue to be utilized at a low level by spine surgeons. Issues regarding the risks of privacy issues with social media users continue to be a c

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von Storytelling bei virtuellen Influencern:Influencerinnen, die mittels Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) erstellt werden und fiktive Charaktere sind. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht die Frage, wie virtuelle Influencer:innen Storytelling nutzen, um als bloßer Avatar Persönlichkeit zu erlangen. Dafür wurde in der Arbeit eine Analyse der Instagram-Postings der virtuellen Influencerin Lil Miquela durchgeführt, die gezeigt hat, dass Storytelling ein essenzielles Tool ist, um Lil Miquela Persönlichkeit zu verleihen. Die Story von Lil Miquela vereint alle wichtigen Komponenten für eine gute Geschichte und bindet das hinter ihr stehende Unternehmen Brud und deren eigene Unternehmensgeschichte mit ein. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit von Storytelling für die Figur selbst sowie für das Business und eine langfristige Bindung der User:innen an den Account. Vor allem durch das Web 3.0 werden noch neue Möglichkeiten im Influencer:innen-Marketing entstehen., This paper examines the use of storytelling in virtual influencers, which are created using Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) and are fictional characters. The study focuses on how virtual influencers utilize storytelling to gain personality to become more than just an avatar. A posting analysis of the virtual influencer Lil Miquela was conducted in this paper, revealing that storytelling is an essential tool in giving Lil Miquela personality. Lil Miquela's story brings together all the essential components of a good story and incorporates the company Brud and its own corporate history. The analysis's results underline the importance of storytelling for both the character and the business, in order to build a long-term connection with the users. Also, the transition to Web 3.0 will create new possibilities in influencer marketing, particularly in this area., Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023

Introduction: Decontextualization is a concept from psychology whereby new words are learned outside of the context of the here-and-now. Decontextualized language is used for discussing abstract concepts and is crucial to the development of academic language. When it comes to images, a dearth of context can lead to a lack of clarity, such as the use of ambiguous decontextualized images in environmental communication, leading to the promotion of greenwashing. Here we refer to decontextualization as the removal of wildlife from their wild ecological context. Images and videos of globally threatened species are increasingly popular on social media. Showing such taxa alongside humans may impact public perceptions of their abundance and need for conservation and can increase illegal trade. One group of animals that are particularly popular on social media platforms are the slow and pygmy lorises (Nycticebus spp., Xanthonycticebus spp.). Methods: Here, we examined 100 videos from three popular social media platforms (YouTube, TikTok, and Giphy) to calculate how often and in which ways these videos remove slow lorises from their natural ecological and behavioural context. We also examined views and likes to determine viewer engagement trends. We used relevant content from each site to assess the presence of decontextualization using five conditions. Results: In all but two videos, conditions of decontextualization were present and 77% of all videos had four to five conditions of decontextualization. Using Spearman correlation, we found a significant effect of decontextualization scores on the number of views and likes for YouTube and TikTok videos. Views were significantly higher when videos presented animals in anthropogenic settings (i.e., in human-made structures or in proximity of human artefacts). Additionally, views on TikTok and YouTube were significantly higher when animals displayed signs of stress or ill health and when they were in unnatural conditions. Discussi

The research analyzes the incidence of the use of technological tools in the development of the key competence called: "use technology interactively" in university students. The study is methodologically based on an exploratory and descriptive type of research, from a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design. Two questionnaires were applied: one at the beginning of the investigation and another at the end of it. The results evidenced the satisfaction of the students for the support received through the technological tools used in the teaching-learning process, specifically for the availability of materials and the development of skills, for the motivation in carrying out activities, the flexibility in reading and writing and ease in the formation and use of the electronic portfolio. It concludes with the importance of using technological tools in this process to develop the aforementioned key competence and, to facilitate the insertion of the university student in the labor field, expanding the skills and abilities required and thus offering greater contributions in their professional performance., La investigación analiza la incidencia del uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en el desarrollo de la competencia clave denominada: “usar la tecnología de forma interactiva” en los estudiantes universitarios. El estudio se basa metodológicamente en una investigación de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, desde un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios: uno al inicio de la investigación y otro al finalizar la misma. Los resultados evidenciaron la satisfacción de los estudiantes por el apoyo recibido mediante las herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, específicamente por la disponibilidad de los materiales y el desarrollo de las habilidades, por la motivación en la realización de actividades, la flexibilidad en la lectura y escritura y la facilidad en la formación y el uso del portafolio electrónico. Se concluye con la importancia de utilizar las herramientas tecnológicas en dicho proceso para desarrollar la competencia clave mencionada y facilitar la inserción del estudiante universitario en el campo laboral ampliando las habilidades y destrezas requeridas y así ofrecer mayores aportes en su desempeño profesional.

[Resumen] Este trabajo presenta la utilización de dos wikis diferentes, empleadas como herramientas de aprendizaje y evaluación en dos cursos (2019-2020 y 2021-2022) de la asignatura Movilidad Metropolitana y Terminales de Transporte, del Grado en Ingeniería de Obras Públicas, especialidad en Transportes y Servicios Urbanos. Mediante el desarrollo de wikis el estudiantado comparte la responsabilidad de generar conocimiento, lo que resulta motivador y da lugar a un aprendizaje más activo. Además, gracias a la interacción entre el estudiantado se consiguen resultados mejorados respecto a lo que se obtendría de manera individual. Mediante el diseño de estas actividades, la profesora de la asignatura y autora de este trabajo asegura la adquisición de competencias específicas de la materia, así como de algunas de las competencias transversales más relevantes para la práctica profesional. Por otra parte, se acerca al alumnado a la práctica profesional haciendo que se enfrente a problemáticas existentes en el mundo real relacionadas con la materia impartida en clase., [Abstract] This paper presents the utilization of two different wikis, used as learning and grading tools in two school years (2019-2020 and 2021-2022) in the course Metropolitan Mobility and Transport Terminals, from the Civil Engineering Degree, specialization in Transport and Urban Services. Through the development of wikis, students share the responsibility of building knowledge, which is motivating for them and results in a more active learning. In addition, improved results are attained through the interaction among students, in relation to those which would be achieved individually. Via the design of these activities, the lecturer of the course and author of this work ensures the acquisition of both specific competencies for the course and some of the more relevant transversal competencies for the professional practice. In addition, students are approached to their future professional activity making them face existing real-world problems related to the subject taught during lectures.

[Resumen] Las redes sociales se han convertido en una importante fuente de información en todas las fases del proceso de compra, por ello las empresas buscan nuevas formas de comunicación para llegar a los usuarios a través de estás, surgiendo así el marketing de influencers. Cada vez más empresas de moda aplican el marketing de influencers para la promoción de productos y valores de marca, y es por ello que este trabajo profundiza en el marketing de influencia y en como las empresas deciden con qué tipo de influencer les conviene más trabajar. En este contexto, se pretende esclarecer si existe una tendencia entre las compañías de moda a colaborar a través de la red social Instagram con más perfiles de micro influencers, en lugar de con macro influencers. Se define el concepto de marketing de influencia aproximándose a la figura del influencer, del cual se busca identificar su comportamiento y estrategias a la hora de publicar en redes. También se analiza la red social Instagram como canal de comunicación y publicidad en el sector moda y se explica la relación de los influencers con las marcas y cuál es su aportación a la acción comunicativa. Asimismo, se incluye una aproximación al perfil de los consumidores de redes, así como el estudio de su percepción hacia el contenido resultado del marketing de influencia, especialmente en cuanto a conocer que nivel de confianza y credibilidad otorga a la figura del influencer. Para conseguir llevar a cabo estos objetivos se realizó una revisión de la literatura y se ejecutaron diferentes estudios analíticos, entre ellos se realizaron: cuatro entrevistas a expertos del marketing y sector moda en general; cuatro entrevistas a influencers; se diseñó una encuesta que se lanzó a los jóvenes de entre 25 y 40 años, pertenecientes a la Generación Z y Millennials; y por último, se elaboró un análisis de los contenidos de campañas de marketing llevadas a cabo por cuatro 3 influencers, dos de ellos clasificados como micro influencers y, [Resumo] As redes sociais convertéronse nunha importante fonte de información en todas as fases do proceso de compra, por iso as empresas buscan novas formas de comunicación para chegar aos usuarios a través delas, dando así lugar ao marketing de influencia. Cada vez son máis as empresas de moda que aplican o marketing de influencers para promocionar produtos e valores de marca, e por iso este traballo afonda no marketing de influencers e como deciden as empresas con que tipo de influencers lles convén traballar. Neste contexto, preténdese aclarar se existe unha tendencia entre as empresas de moda a colaborar a través da rede social Instagram con máis perfís de micro influencers, en lugar de con macro influencers. O concepto de marketing de influencias defínese achegándose á figura do influencer, cuxo comportamento e estratexias se busca identificar á hora de publicar en redes. Tamén se analiza a rede social Instagram como canle de comunicación e publicidade no sector da moda e explícase a relación entre influencers e marcas e cal é a súa contribución á acción comunicativa. Así mesmo, inclúese unha aproximación ao perfil dos consumidores da rede, así como o estudo da súa percepción cara aos contidos derivados do marketing de influencers, sobre todo no que se refire a saber que nivel de confianza e credibilidade outorgan á figura do influencer. Para acadar estes obxectivos realizouse unha revisión da literatura e realizáronse diferentes estudos analíticos entre os que destacan: catro entrevistas a expertos en marketing e no sector da moda en xeral; catro entrevistas a influencers; deseñouse unha enquisa que se lanzou a mozos de entre 25 e 40 anos, pertencentes á Xeración Z e Millennials; e finalmente, realizouse unha análise do contido das campañas de marketing realizadas por catro influencers, dous deles clasificados como micro influencers e os dous restantes como macro influencers. 4 Estes estudos permitiron conseguer datos das tres figuras implicados no marketing, [Abstract] Social networks have become an important source of information at all stages of the buying process, so companies are looking for new ways of communication to reach users through them, thus the emergence of influencer marketing. More and more fashion companies are applying influencer marketing to promote their products and brand values, and that is why this work delves into influencer marketing and how companies decide which type of influencer they prefer to work with. In this context, this dissertation aims to clarify whether there is a trend among fashion brands and companies to collaborate through the social network Instagram with more micro-influencer profiles, rather than with macro-influencers. The concept of influencer marketing is defined by approaching the figure of the influencer, whose behaviour and strategies when publishing on networks are identified. Instagram is also analysed as a communication and advertising channel in the fashion sector and it is explained the relationship between influencers and brands and their contribution to communicative action. It is also included an approach to the profile of social media consumers, as well as a study of their perception of the content resulting from influencer marketing, especially in terms of understanding what level of trust and credibility they give to the figure of the influencer. In order to achieve these objectives, a literature review and different analytical studies were carried out, including: four interviews with experts in marketing and the fashion; four interviews with influencers; a survey that was designed and launched to young people between 25 and 40 years old, belonging to Generation Z and Millennials; and finally, an analysis of the content of marketing campaigns carried out by four influencers, two of them classified as micro influencers and the other two as macro influencers. These studies made it possible to obtain data on the three key figures involved in influencer marketing

Die zunehmende Nutzung des Web 2.0 in verschiedenen Phasen des Forschungsprozesses führt dazu, dass qualitativ Forschende und Beforschte, teils unreflektiert, online Datenspuren ihrer Interaktionen erzeugen. Bisher wurde nur vereinzelt thematisiert, was das für veränderte Anonymitätsverhältnisse bedeutet. Mit unserem Artikel wollen wir zu der Debatte um Forschungsethik, Datenschutz und -management beitragen. Anhand eines fiktiven Fallbeispiels identifizieren wir drei Typen von Interaktionsspuren im digitalen Raum: Rekrutierungsspuren, Öffentlichkeitsarbeitsspuren und Teilnahmespuren. Diese Spuren können zur Deanonymisierung der Teilnehmenden entgegen deren Willen führen. Basierend auf einem systematischen Literaturreview zu Anonymität und Nutzung des Web 2.0 in der qualitativen Forschung schlagen wir forschungspraktische Umgangsweisen mit den identifizierten Interaktionsspuren im digitalen Raum vor und fassen diese in einer Checkliste zur Reflexion und Dokumentation eigener Tätigkeiten in den sozialen Medien zusammen. Wir wollen qualitativ Forschende für oft beiläufig online produzierte Daten sensibilisieren und zum Austausch über die vielfältigen Entscheidungen, die Forschende und Beforschte bei der Kommunikation und Selbstdarstellung im Web 2.0 treffen, anregen., Qualitative researchers increasingly use Web 2.0 in various phases of the research process. Both researchers and research participants leave digital traces of their interactions online, often in an unreflective manner. The consequences for anonymity have, however, been only sporadically explored in the literature. With this article, we aim to contribute to the debate on research ethics, data protection, and data management. Based on a fictional case description, we identify three types of interaction traces in digital space: traces of recruitment, traces of public relations work, and traces of participation. These traces can lead to an involuntary and potentially detrimental de-anonymization of participants. By conducting a systematic literature review on anonymity and the use of Web 2.0 in qualitative research, we summarize practical ways of dealing with the identified traces of interaction in digital space and summarize them in a checklist for reflecting on and documenting one's own activities in social media. Our goal is to raise awareness among qualitative researchers about data that is often produced casually online and to encourage an exchange about the diverse decisions that researchers and research participants make when communicating and presenting themselves in Web 2.0.

Zahlreiche Archive bekennen sich mittlerweile zum Grundgedanken der Offenheit, zu partizipativen und nutzerorientierten Zielen, zur Nutzung digitaler Werkzeuge. Mit Gründung der Konferenzreihe "Offene Archive" hat sich eine Gruppe von Archivar*innen 2012 aufgemacht, die digitale Zukunft von Archiven in Deutschland besser zu gestalten. Das Konferenzblog hat sich als erste und einzige Plattform für das deutsche Archivwesen etabliert. Zeit für eine Rückschau, Statusbetrachtung und Zukunftsplanung. Das Buch basiert auf fachlichen und praxisnahen Beiträgen des Blogs und setzt sich mit digitalen Themen wie der Implementierung und Nutzung von Sozialen Medien und Blogs, Möglichkeiten der partizipativen Nutzer*innenkontakte sowie der technischen Umsetzbarkeit von (Open-)Online-Tools für die klassischen Archivaufgaben auseinander. Das Buch soll die Gründe der Genese des Blogs und die diskutierten Themen systematisch in den Blick nehmen, aber auch die Veränderungen seither messen. Die Kapitel enthalten zentrale, einschlägige Blog-Beiträge. Dabei wird auch die Genese bestimmter Problematiken in den letzten 10 Jahren abgebildet. Die Kapitel werden durch kurze (Gast-)Beiträge von Expert*innen eingeleitet. Um nicht nur über Partizipation zu schreiben, sondern sie auch mit oder trotz Buch zu leben, sollen zu jedem Artikel die dazugehörigen QR-Codes direkt zu den Beiträgen im Blog führen. Das Buch ist zwar statisch, es will aber deutlich machen, dass die Diskussion es nicht ist und ein Weiterführen der Diskussionen ausdrücklich erwünscht ist. Das Buch führt so die Interaktivität des Blogs fort.

The creation of libraries and information centres reflects the realization that marketing of information products and services is a crucial component of administration, particularly for readers' expected levels of satisfaction. Taking this into consideration, the study outlines all the procedures and tactics that may be used when selling information products and services. Additionally, it looks into the intent, viability, and actual application of Web 2.0 in the marketing and promotion of library resources and services. The idea of marketing does not come to mind when we think of library operations. But because of the literature's explosive expansion and the widespread use of information technology, marketing has become a crucial instrument for promoting library services and goods. An institution set up to provide services is a library.

The Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated a tremendous shift in library services. Librarians need to equip themselves with the necessary skills to provide efficient services to the users. The objective of this study is to discover the digital skills possessed by the librarians and to evaluate the services that they are providing during the post-pandemic era. Survey research was adopted and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the librarians working in the various higher education institutions in the State of Goa, India. Of the 64 institutions, 45 (70%) library professionals responded. The study found that most librarians lack the digital skills necessary. However, they are taking the necessary efforts to provide the services and keep the libraries going.

The research analyzes the incidence of the use of technological tools in the development of the key competence called: "use technology interactively" in university students. The study is methodologically based on an exploratory and descriptive type of research, from a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design. Two questionnaires were applied: one at the beginning of the investigation and another at the end of it. The results evidenced the satisfaction of the students for the support received through the technological tools used in the teaching-learning process, specifically for the availability of materials and the development of skills, for the motivation in carrying out activities, the flexibility in reading and writing and ease in the formation and use of the electronic portfolio. It concludes with the importance of using technological tools in this process to develop the aforementioned key competence and, to facilitate the insertion of the university student in the labor field, expanding the skills and abilities required and thus offering greater contributions in their professional performance., La investigación analiza la incidencia del uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en el desarrollo de la competencia clave denominada: “usar la tecnología de forma interactiva” en los estudiantes universitarios. El estudio se basa metodológicamente en una investigación de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, desde un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios: uno al inicio de la investigación y otro al finalizar la misma. Los resultados evidenciaron la satisfacción de los estudiantes por el apoyo recibido mediante las herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, específicamente por la disponibilidad de los materiales y el desarrollo de las habilidades, por la motivación en la realización de actividades, la flexibilidad en la lectura y escritura y la facilidad en la formación y el uso del portafolio electrónico. Se concluye con la importancia de utilizar las herramientas tecnológicas en dicho proceso para desarrollar la competencia clave mencionada y facilitar la inserción del estudiante universitario en el campo laboral ampliando las habilidades y destrezas requeridas y así ofrecer mayores aportes en su desempeño profesional.

The research analyzes the incidence of the use of technological tools in the development of the key competence called: "use technology interactively" in university students. The study is methodologically based on an exploratory and descriptive type of research, from a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design. Two questionnaires were applied: one at the beginning of the investigation and another at the end of it. The results evidenced the satisfaction of the students for the support received through the technological tools used in the teaching-learning process, specifically for the availability of materials and the development of skills, for the motivation in carrying out activities, the flexibility in reading and writing and ease in the formation and use of the electronic portfolio. It concludes with the importance of using technological tools in this process to develop the aforementioned key competence and, to facilitate the insertion of the university student in the labor field, expanding the skills and abilities required and thus offering greater contributions in their professional performance., La investigación analiza la incidencia del uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en el desarrollo de la competencia clave denominada: “usar la tecnología de forma interactiva” en los estudiantes universitarios. El estudio se basa metodológicamente en una investigación de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, desde un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios: uno al inicio de la investigación y otro al finalizar la misma. Los resultados evidenciaron la satisfacción de los estudiantes por el apoyo recibido mediante las herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, específicamente por la disponibilidad de los materiales y el desarrollo de las habilidades, por la motivación en la realización de actividades, la flexibilidad en la lectura y escritura y la facilidad en la formación y el uso del portafolio electrónico. Se concluye con la importancia de utilizar las herramientas tecnológicas en dicho proceso para desarrollar la competencia clave mencionada y facilitar la inserción del estudiante universitario en el campo laboral ampliando las habilidades y destrezas requeridas y así ofrecer mayores aportes en su desempeño profesional.

The world wide web has gone through several distinct eras since its launch in 1989, going through the eras Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0. There is an upcoming era, Web 4.0, where the web will become seamlessly integrated with people's everyday life. However, creating consumer engagement across platforms has already been recognized as challenging in Web 3.0 (Dolan et al., 2016). A type of storytelling, known for creating engagement is transmedia storytelling (TS). TS is a technique of telling one single story across multiple platforms, and when enjoyed together becomes a full experience. There is limited research conducted on the relationship between TS and the web, which became the problem of this study. The purpose of this study is to explorethe research gap and it was fulfilled by asking two research questions. The first oneestablished an understanding about the relationship between TS and Web 2.0 and 3.0, tounderstand how TS evolves and adapts to the web. Based on the built foundation, the second question aimed to explore the possibilities of TS and Web 4.0, and how they could benefit from each other and grow together. To answer our research questions this paper utilised the method of a multiple-case study that examines two cases, one in Web 2.0, and one in Web 3.0. The data was manually collected, traced and broken down into instances using reverse engineering. To analyse the data, it was rebuilt with visual mapping to understand the connections, and lastly compared to the web characteristics and TS principles. Concluding the findings and analysis, it can be established that TS evolves alongside the web, utilising and adapting to the new characteristics. In Web 2.0, TS relied heavily on offline sources such as DVD’s and TV, while in Web 3.0, it existed solely online. The participatory activity also grew from Web 2.0 to 3.0, where the users were an active part of the campaign evolving in Web 3.0. TS manages to create engagement across platforms, and benefits from

The world wide web has gone through several distinct eras since its launch in 1989, going through the eras Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0. There is an upcoming era, Web 4.0, where the web will become seamlessly integrated with people's everyday life. However, creating consumer engagement across platforms has already been recognized as challenging in Web 3.0 (Dolan et al., 2016). A type of storytelling, known for creating engagement is transmedia storytelling (TS). TS is a technique of telling one single story across multiple platforms, and when enjoyed together becomes a full experience. There is limited research conducted on the relationship between TS and the web, which became the problem of this study. The purpose of this study is to explorethe research gap and it was fulfilled by asking two research questions. The first oneestablished an understanding about the relationship between TS and Web 2.0 and 3.0, tounderstand how TS evolves and adapts to the web. Based on the built foundation, the second question aimed to explore the possibilities of TS and Web 4.0, and how they could benefit from each other and grow together. To answer our research questions this paper utilised the method of a multiple-case study that examines two cases, one in Web 2.0, and one in Web 3.0. The data was manually collected, traced and broken down into instances using reverse engineering. To analyse the data, it was rebuilt with visual mapping to understand the connections, and lastly compared to the web characteristics and TS principles. Concluding the findings and analysis, it can be established that TS evolves alongside the web, utilising and adapting to the new characteristics. In Web 2.0, TS relied heavily on offline sources such as DVD’s and TV, while in Web 3.0, it existed solely online. The participatory activity also grew from Web 2.0 to 3.0, where the users were an active part of the campaign evolving in Web 3.0. TS manages to create engagement across platforms, and benefits from

The change of internet from Internet Relay Chat to social media has become core part of continuous evolution and interactions of human beings. In this changing universe to be core part, one should be digitally literate and competent to accept and challenge the tasks easily. Web technologies are trending day by day, which aims to enhance social and economic standards and also to attract and contribute in growth and sustainable development. This paper aims to investigate about the actual aspect of digital literacy competency, frequently used databases ,use of virtual media application, social media use preference, awareness of plagiarism detection software, web technologies awareness and utilization among library users of Visva-Bharati central library to fulfill their academic performance.To accomplish research, systematic reviews and survey method was adopted with questionnaire as an important tool for smooth collection of data from library users, where questionnaire in both online and offline mode was framed to conduct present survey. Questionnaires were distributed among users to get various interesting responses related to comfort level and ease of adopting digital tools and technologies, awareness and use of different plagiarism detection software’s, social media preference to accomplish their academic chores etc. It was found that 71.62%users are comfortable in using computer applications. 95.94% users frequently use google scholar as databases for academic search.100.00% users use google meet as virtual media application in learning purpose etc. To conclude with there is need of web 3.0 tools and technologies literacies among users as they were not aware with various emerging tools.

Since the internet network's establishment, the World Wide Web is considered as the most important tool used by billions of people across the world. It allows people to share the media, read, write, publish and interact with others via the internet. Since its advent, the World Wide Web has evolved from a read-only medium technological network to the collaborative one where learners are interlinked in various ways. Through its various stages of evolution, English language learning was transformed from simple to an interactive, collaborative, and learner-centered environment. This paper will present the conceptual review of the literature, in chronological order, on how English language learning has evolved over the past years, particularly from web 1.0 to web 3.0. It also aims to present the analysis of the evolution of the World Wide Web (www) technologies from a learner perspective; therefore, it will elucidate various web-based tools, technologies, trends, and applications used by learners in their education.

This thesis investigates reactions of young people in Malmö-Sweden about the proposed Facebook Metaverse. Gauging young people’s association/reactions about Facebook Metaverse before its practical existence is the study's main focus. The thesis assesses Web 2.0 as a pivotal mark that enabled development of social networks and virtual worlds like Facebook Metaverse. Through qualitative interviews and semiotic analysis in data collection, three main themes became noted as both theoretical perspectives and findings of the study that entails the young people's opinions on the soon to be launched Facebook Metaverse. The 3 themes are; Connectivity & interactivity, Anonymity and identity, and Datafication, privacy & commercialisation. The results highlight pros and cons with the Facebook metaverse that encompasses risks of intrusive data collection, possibilities for self-empowerment through avatars and new ways of communicating. The thesis concludes with a created artifact/altered video that presents a critical aspect of Mark Zuckerberg’s version of the Facebook Metaverse informed by the research., Young adults’ perception of Facebook Metaverse in less than 11 minutes

The rise of social media has challenged the traditional notionof CRM and introduced a new paradigm, known as socialCRM. While there are many benefits and opportunitiesassociated with the integration of social data in CRMsystems, a majority of companies are failing their social CRMimplementation. Since social CRM is still considered to be ayoung phenomenon, knowledge regarding itsimplementation and functionalities is limited. The purpose ofthis study is to contribute to the current state of knowledgeregarding the factors which influence the practicalimplementation of social CRM. In order to capturestate-of-the-art knowledge on this topic, a literature reviewwas conducted. In addition, interviews with CRM expertsworking within five Swedish companies were included inorder to gain additional insights from practice. Findingsindicate that the key features needed for social CRMimplementation revolve around the real-time monitoring,collection, processing, storing and analyzing of social data.Advanced technical tools, such as Big Data Technology, aredeemed required in order to handle large volumes of dataand properly transform it into valuable knowledge. The mostsignificant challenges identified heavily revolve aroundlimited knowledge as well as various technical andorganizational limitations. Additionally, findings indicatethat a multitude of uncertainties of practitioners revolvearound data legislations and privacy concerns. Hence, whilesocial CRM can entail a multitude of benefits, there are asignificant number of challenges which seem to stand in theway of unlocking the full potential of social CRM. In orderfor social CRM implementation to be made more accessiblefor organizations in the future, there is a need for moreknowledge and clarity regarding factors such as technicalsolutions, organizational changes and legislations.

This thesis investigates reactions of young people in Malmö-Sweden about the proposed Facebook Metaverse. Gauging young people’s association/reactions about Facebook Metaverse before its practical existence is the study's main focus. The thesis assesses Web 2.0 as a pivotal mark that enabled development of social networks and virtual worlds like Facebook Metaverse. Through qualitative interviews and semiotic analysis in data collection, three main themes became noted as both theoretical perspectives and findings of the study that entails the young people's opinions on the soon to be launched Facebook Metaverse. The 3 themes are; Connectivity & interactivity, Anonymity and identity, and Datafication, privacy & commercialisation. The results highlight pros and cons with the Facebook metaverse that encompasses risks of intrusive data collection, possibilities for self-empowerment through avatars and new ways of communicating. The thesis concludes with a created artifact/altered video that presents a critical aspect of Mark Zuckerberg’s version of the Facebook Metaverse informed by the research., Young adults’ perception of Facebook Metaverse in less than 11 minutes

The rise of social media has challenged the traditional notionof CRM and introduced a new paradigm, known as socialCRM. While there are many benefits and opportunitiesassociated with the integration of social data in CRMsystems, a majority of companies are failing their social CRMimplementation. Since social CRM is still considered to be ayoung phenomenon, knowledge regarding itsimplementation and functionalities is limited. The purpose ofthis study is to contribute to the current state of knowledgeregarding the factors which influence the practicalimplementation of social CRM. In order to capturestate-of-the-art knowledge on this topic, a literature reviewwas conducted. In addition, interviews with CRM expertsworking within five Swedish companies were included inorder to gain additional insights from practice. Findingsindicate that the key features needed for social CRMimplementation revolve around the real-time monitoring,collection, processing, storing and analyzing of social data.Advanced technical tools, such as Big Data Technology, aredeemed required in order to handle large volumes of dataand properly transform it into valuable knowledge. The mostsignificant challenges identified heavily revolve aroundlimited knowledge as well as various technical andorganizational limitations. Additionally, findings indicatethat a multitude of uncertainties of practitioners revolvearound data legislations and privacy concerns. Hence, whilesocial CRM can entail a multitude of benefits, there are asignificant number of challenges which seem to stand in theway of unlocking the full potential of social CRM. In orderfor social CRM implementation to be made more accessiblefor organizations in the future, there is a need for moreknowledge and clarity regarding factors such as technicalsolutions, organizational changes and legislations.

Las redes sociales son hoy parte de la vida cotidiana debido a la creciente digitalización que existe en la sociedad. Los ciudadanos utilizan muchas de ellas para conocer mejor a los políticos al mismo tiempo que se convierten en usuarios activos con la posibilidad de trasladarles opiniones e ideas. En el marco de las redes sociales conocidas destaca Instagram por su contenido visual, imágenes y vídeos expuestos que pueden llegar a conformar la imagen de un político. Este trabajo estudia la imagen de los principales líderes políticos españoles: Pedro Sánchez; Pablo Casado; Pablo Iglesias y Santiago Abascal, durante el mes de marzo de 2021, para observar qué tipo de participación realizan, qué imagen y discurso proyectan y cuál es la respuesta de la ciudadanía en la Red. La metodología aplicada es el análisis de contenido y con su empleo se pretende indagar en el papel que realiza esta red social entre los líderes políticos y los ciudadanos, a la vez que se estudian las cualidades que cada político transmite en sus publicaciones y las similitudes y diferencias que hay entre los políticos examinados. De manera particular, interesa observar si los líderes políticos destacan en su perfil una imagen personal y humana intentando así aproximarse a los electores, al ofrecer una apariencia próxima y cercana, considerada como una herramienta estratégica a la hora de captar el voto., Social networks are now part of everyday life due to the increasing digitalization of society. Citizens use many of them to get to know politicians better and at the same time become active users with the possibility of communicating their opinions and ideas to them. Within the framework of the known social networks, Instagram stands out for its visual content, images and videos exposed that can come to shape the image of a politician. This paper studies the image of the main Spanish political leaders: Pedro Sánchez; Pablo Casado; Pablo Iglesias and Santiago Abascal, during the month of March 2021, to observe what type of participation they carry out, what image and discourse they project and what is the response of the citizenship in the Network. The methodology applied is content analysis and its use is intended to investigate the role played by this social network between political leaders and citizens, while studying the qualities that each politician conveys in their publications and the similarities and differences between the politicians examined. In particular, it is of interest to observe whether political leaders emphasize a personal and human image in their profile in an attempt to get closer to voters, by offering a close and close appearance, considered as a strategic tool when attracting votes., Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad, Grado en Periodismo

The purpose of the present study is to explore the possibility of integrating various online tools and apps with the library website and to identify the issues and benefits of implementing these tools. Quantitative online survey method was used using Google form in the present study to investigate the perception of the academic community involving students, teachers, and research scholars across higher education institutes in West Bengal, India about the online tools and apps and how they respond while interacting with these tools. Based on the responses to a series of questions, the study analyzed user observation and found purposive involvement of the academic community with various online tools and apps. The study identified the areas requiring improvements to maximize the usability of the tools and illustrated the usefulness of these tools in academic and research progression. The study also presented a schematic diagram of possible benefits and major constraints while implementing these tools. The research provides an overview of various online tools and apps facilitating academic and research progression and makes an attempt to convince librarians towards the informed selection of tools and highlights the utility of these tools among the academic community.

For moving with the flow in this technology driven environment, the libraries have been forced to adopt new technologies and tools. Now-a days, along with the traditional services the libraries have been adopting Web2.0 tools for providing user oriented services to their users. This paper is a web based survey of library web pages of universities of North-East region of India regarding application of Web 2.0 technology. Here, an attempt is made to gain a picture of the status of application of web 2.0 services by the university libraries of the region. The study has been conducted through the official websites of the universities and the result shows that 78% of the university libraries have websites/webpages and 26% university libraries have implemented web 2.0 tools to serve their users.

ObjectiveSentiment analysis is a popular tool for analyzing health-related social media content. However, existing studies exhibit numerous methodological issues and inconsistencies with respect to research design and results reporting, which could lead to biased data, imprecise or incorrect conclusions, or incomparable results across studies. This article reports a systematic analysis of the literature with respect to such issues. The objective was to develop a standardized protocol for improving the research validity and comparability of results in future relevant studies.Materials and methodsWe developed the Protocol of Analysis of senTiment in Health (PATH) based on a systematic review that analyzed common research design choices and how such choices were made, or reported, among eligible studies published 2010-2019.ResultsOf 409 articles screened, 89 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 16 distinctive research design choices were identified, 9 of which have significant methodological or reporting inconsistencies among the articles reviewed, ranging from how relevance of study data was determined to how the sentiment analysis tool selected was validated. Based on this result, we developed the PATH protocol that encompasses all these distinctive design choices and highlights the ones for which careful consideration and detailed reporting are particularly warranted.ConclusionsA substantial degree of methodological and reporting inconsistencies exist in the extant literature that applied sentiment analysis to analyzing health-related social media data. The PATH protocol developed through this research may contribute to mitigating such issues in future relevant studies.