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Ratios of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT), which are membrane lipids of bacteria and archaea, are at the base of several paleoenvironmental proxies. They are frequently applied to soils as well as lake- and marine sediments to generate records of past temperature and soil pH. To derive meaningful environmental information from these reconstructions, high analytical reproducibility is required. Based on submitted results by 39 laboratories from across the world, which employ a diverse range of analytical and quantification methods, we explored the reproducibility of brGDGT-based proxies (MBT′5ME, IR, and #ringstetra) measured on four soil samples and four soil lipid extracts. Correct identification and integration of 5- and 6-methyl brGDGTs is a prerequisite for the robust calculation of proxy values, but this can be challenging as indicated by the large inter-interlaboratory variation. The exclusion of statistical outliers improves the reproducibility, where the remaining uncertainty translates into a temperature offset from median proxy values of 0.3–0.9°C and a pH offset of 0.05–0.3. There is no apparent systematic impact of the extraction method and sample preparation steps on the brGDGT ratios. Although reported GDGT concentrations are generally consistent within laboratories, they vary greatly between laboratories. This large variability in brGDGT quantification may relate to variations in ionization efficiency or specific mass spectrometer settings possibly impacting the response of brGDGTs masses relative to that of the internal standard used. While ratio values of GDGT are generally comparable, quantities can currently not be compared between laboratories.

The aim of the project is to develop an innovative palaeo-proxy approach to investigate the natural range of variability of the Hadley circulation during past episodes of extreme warmth and cold. The approach relies on the exploitation as climate proxy of an untapped but widespread material in marine sediments: windborne pyrogenic carbon (PyC) derived from savannah and grassland fires in the tropics. Through the geochemical and isotopic spatial characterization of PyC, along with the analysis of mineral dust in the modern tropical deep ocean, and a PyC biogeochemical model, we will build an interpretative framework of PyC deposition in deep-sea sediments. Its application in Pliocene-Pleistocene sequences from the Atlantic and the Pacific will allow the reconstruction of past meridional and zonal shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the Southern hemisphere westerlies, and provide new constraints on the natural variability of the Hadley circulation and associated hydroclimates

Our goal is to analyze the images to try to deduce what are the social and cultural patterns that persist in our society and which hold ideas associated with anorexia (creating a visual cultural criticism focused on the visual forms of the body and of the photographic ones of the mass-media, that allow us to certain clues in the social construction of these physical stereotypes), in an interpretative approach, from which it derives a qualitative methodology and of Photography-Based Educational Research (allows to debate and evaluate the possibilities of the images in the research activity). The image constructed about the own body by a person evolves during the whole vital cycle, then, in the configurations elaborated in the early stages of life, is fundamental to influence in some competences that allow children properly interpret visual messages provided by the sociocultural environment. Art Education could play a significant labor in the development of individual skills relating to the interpretation of such messages: increases the capacity reflexive and critical toward the images that the everyday constantly gives us, and would allow to ponder these messages as cultural constructions that work symbolically at different levels, making us conscious of its ambiguity and scope., Nuestro objetivo es analizar las imágenes para intentar deducir cuáles son las pautas culturales y sociales que persisten en nuestra sociedad y que sostienen ideas asociadas a la anorexia (creando una crítica cultural visual centrada en las formas visuales del cuerpo y de las fotográficas de los mass-media, que nos permita ciertas claves en la construcción social de esos estereotipos físicos), en un enfoque interpretativo, del que deriva una metodología cualitativa y de Investigación Educativa Basada en la Fotografía (permite debatir y evaluar las posibilidades de las imágenes en la actividad investigadora) La imagen construida acerca del propio cuerpo por una persona evoluciona durante todo el ciclo vital, luego, en las configuraciones elaboradas en las primeras etapas de la vida, es fundamental incidir en unas competencias que permitan a los/as niños/as interpretar adecuadamente los mensajes visuales suministrados por el medio sociocultural. La Educación Artística podría desempeñar una labor significativa en el desarrollo de las capacidades individuales relativas a la interpretación de dichos mensajes: aumenta la capacidad reflexiva y crítica hacia las imágenes que la cotidianeidad nos proporciona constantemente, y posibilitaría reflexionar estos mensajes como construcciones culturales que funcionan simbólicamente a distintos niveles, concienciándonos de su ambigüedad y alcance.

Our goal is to analyze the images to try to deduce what are the social and cultural patterns that persist in our society and which hold ideas associated with anorexia (creating a visual cultural criticism focused on the visual forms of the body and of the photographic ones of the mass-media, that allow us to certain clues in the social construction of these physical stereotypes), in an interpretative approach, from which it derives a qualitative methodology and of Photography-Based Educational Research (allows to debate and evaluate the possibilities of the images in the research activity). The image constructed about the own body by a person evolves during the whole vital cycle, then, in the configurations elaborated in the early stages of life, is fundamental to influence in some competences that allow children properly interpret visual messages provided by the sociocultural environment. Art Education could play a significant labor in the development of individual skills relating to the interpretation of such messages: increases the capacity reflexive and critical toward the images that the everyday constantly gives us, and would allow to ponder these messages as cultural constructions that work symbolically at different levels, making us conscious of its ambiguity and scope., Nuestro objetivo es analizar las imágenes para intentar deducir cuáles son las pautas culturales y sociales que persisten en nuestra sociedad y que sostienen ideas asociadas a la anorexia (creando una crítica cultural visual centrada en las formas visuales del cuerpo y de las fotográficas de los mass-media, que nos permita ciertas claves en la construcción social de esos estereotipos físicos), en un enfoque interpretativo, del que deriva una metodología cualitativa y de Investigación Educativa Basada en la Fotografía (permite debatir y evaluar las posibilidades de las imágenes en la actividad investigadora) La imagen construida acerca del propio cuerpo por una persona evoluciona durante todo el ciclo vital, luego, en las configuraciones elaboradas en las primeras etapas de la vida, es fundamental incidir en unas competencias que permitan a los/as niños/as interpretar adecuadamente los mensajes visuales suministrados por el medio sociocultural. La Educación Artística podría desempeñar una labor significativa en el desarrollo de las capacidades individuales relativas a la interpretación de dichos mensajes: aumenta la capacidad reflexiva y crítica hacia las imágenes que la cotidianeidad nos proporciona constantemente, y posibilitaría reflexionar estos mensajes como construcciones culturales que funcionan simbólicamente a distintos niveles, concienciándonos de su ambigüedad y alcance.

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry is a reference technique for quantitative analysis, given that it combines the sensitivity and selectivity of MS instruments with the precision and accuracy associated with the use of internal standards. Isotope-labeled proteins are the optimal internal standards for quantitative proteomics as they closely mimic the behavior of their natural counterparts during the analytical process. A major complication of isotope dilution mass spectrometry proteomics is the technical difficulty of obtaining these internal standards, especially in studies where a high number of proteins have to be quantified simultaneously. In this paper, we review some of the characteristics of the isotope dilution mass spectrometry approach, its benefits in terms of reliability and quality control in targeted proteomic analysis and the different strategies developed for its application in proteomics.© 2013 Elsevier B.V.

The Spanish team of the Human Proteome Project (SpHPP) marked the annotation of Chr16 and data analysis as one of its priorities. Precise annotation of Chromosome 16 proteins according to C-HPP criteria is presented. Moreover, Human Body Map 2.0 RNA-Seq and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) data sets were used to obtain further information relative to cell/tissue specific chromosome 16 coding gene expression patterns and to infer the presence of missing proteins. Twenty-four shotgun 2D-LC-MS/MS and gel/LC-MS/MS MIAPE compliant experiments, representing 41% coverage of chromosome 16 proteins, were performed. Furthermore, mapping of large-scale multicenter mass spectrometry data sets from CCD18, MCF7, Jurkat, and Ramos cell lines into RNA-Seq data allowed further insights relative to correlation of chromosome 16 transcripts and proteins. Detection and quantification of chromosome 16 proteins in biological matrices by SRM procedures are also primary goals of the SpHPP. Two strategies were undertaken: one focused on known proteins, taking advantage of MS data already available, and the second, aimed at the detection of the missing proteins, is based on the expression of recombinant proteins to gather MS information and optimize SRM methods that will be used in real biological samples. SRM methods for 49 known proteins and for recombinant forms of 24 missing proteins are reported in this study., Unión Europea. FP7, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Comunidad de Madrid, ProteoRed-ISCIII, FIMA, UTE project CIMA, ProteomeXchange, Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

The Spanish team of the Human Proteome Project (SpHPP) marked the annotation of Chr16 and data analysis as one of its priorities. Precise annotation of Chromosome 16 proteins according to C-HPP criteria is presented. Moreover, Human Body Map 2.0 RNA-Seq and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) data sets were used to obtain further information relative to cell/tissue specific chromosome 16 coding gene expression patterns and to infer the presence of missing proteins. Twenty-four shotgun 2D-LC–MS/MS and gel/LC–MS/MS MIAPE compliant experiments, representing 41% coverage of chromosome 16 proteins, were performed. Furthermore, mapping of large-scale multicenter mass spectrometry data sets from CCD18, MCF7, Jurkat, and Ramos cell lines into RNA-Seq data allowed further insights relative to correlation of chromosome 16 transcripts and proteins. Detection and quantification of chromosome 16 proteins in biological matrices by SRM procedures are also primary goals of the SpHPP. Two strategies were undertaken: one focused on known proteins, taking advantage of MS data already available, and the second, aimed at the detection of the missing proteins, is based on the expression of recombinant proteins to gather MS information and optimize SRM methods that will be used in real biological samples. SRM methods for 49 known proteins and for recombinant forms of 24 missing proteins are reported in this study.

Adaptation to decreased oxygen availability (hypoxia) is crucial for proper cell function and survival. In metazoans, this is partly achieved through gene transcriptional responses mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). There is abundant evidence that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases during hypoxia, which contributes to the activation of the HIF pathway. In addition to altering the cellular redox balance, leading to oxidative stress, ROS can transduce signals by reversibly modifying the redox state of cysteine residues in certain proteins. Using the “redox fluorescence switch” (RFS), a thiol redox proteomic technique that fluorescently labels reversibly oxidized cysteines, we analyzed endothelial cells subjected to acute hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation. We observed a general increase in cysteine oxidation during hypoxia, which was reversed by reoxygenation, and two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed the differential oxidation of specific proteins. Using complementary derivatization techniques, we confirmed the modification of individual target proteins and identified specific cysteine residues that were oxidized in hypoxic conditions, thereby overcoming several limitations associated with fluorescence derivatization. These findings provide an important basis for future studies of the role of these modifications in HIF activation and in other acute adaptive responses to hypoxia., Gobierno de España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

The following paper shows the development of an educational experience based on participatory learning, understanding relational processes in a artistic scene. Using the methodology applied in the artistic work Sonesnat, we propose a creative workshop that encourages a trialogue: the artwork as a process, the collective experience as an engine to produce meanings, and the shared authorship through immaterial products., En este trabajo mostramos el desarrollo de una experiencia educativa basada en el aprendizaje participativo y en la compresión de los procesos relacionales en el ámbito artístico. Mediante la metodología desarrollada en la propuesta artística Sonesnat, se planteó un taller creativo que incitó a un diálogo a tres bandas: la obra artística como proceso, la experiencia colectiva como motor de producción de sentidos y la autoría compartida en los productos inmateriales.

Locate the professional skills of the art-therapist and define specifically his/her role in research in Art Therapy involves defining both the art-therapeutic frame where he/she will develop his/her action and the micro-competencies whole that, organized into a complex whole, must ensure the necessary globality of the actions and tasks facing any professional. All professionalizing training and lifelong learning have to lead to design and manage research processes that allow consolidating the gains, distributing knowledge and improving practices developed in Art Therapy., Situar las competencias profesionales del arteterapeuta y específicamente su papel en la investigación en Arteterapia implica definir tanto el marco arteterapéutico donde va a desarrollar su acción como el conjunto de microcompetencias que, organizadas en un todo complejo, han de garantizar necesaria globalidad de las acciones y tareas a las que se enfrenta cualquier profesional. Tanto la formación profesionalizadora como la formación permanente han de llevar a diseñar y gestionar procesos de investigación que permitan consolidar los avances, distribuir el conocimiento y mejorar las prácticas desarrolladas en Arteterapia.

Adaptation to decreased oxygen availability (hypoxia) is crucial for proper cell function and survival. In metazoans, this is partly achieved through gene transcriptional responses mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). There is abundant evidence that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases during hypoxia, which contributes to the activation of the HIF pathway. In addition to altering the cellular redox balance, leading to oxidative stress, ROS can transduce signals by reversibly modifying the redox state of cysteine residues in certain proteins. Using the >redox fluorescence switch> (RFS), a thiol redox proteomic technique that fluorescently labels reversibly oxidized cysteines, we analyzed endothelial cells subjected to acute hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation. We observed a general increase in cysteine oxidation during hypoxia, which was reversed by reoxygenation, and two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed the differential oxidation of specific proteins. Using complementary derivatization techniques, we confirmed the modification of individual target proteins and identified specific cysteine residues that were oxidized in hypoxic conditions, thereby overcoming several limitations associated with fluorescence derivatization. These findings provide an important basis for future studies of the role of these modifications in HIF activation and in other acute adaptive responses to hypoxia. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Se trata de una propuesta como resultado del trabajo conjunto entre la escuela de Arte Pigment y el ESPAI ZERO1 del Museu Comarcal de la Garrotxa, destinado exclusivamente a exposiciones temporales de creación contemporánea y como continuidad de propuestas anteriores de colaboración: REPLICA23 y SONESNAT JUNIOR. Com si fos possible recollir el sofriment es un proyecto de la artista Anna Manel.la, y se consideró una propuesta interesante y un reto para conversar, intercambiar y crear con los alumnos sobre el tema de la exposición: la muerte y el sufrimiento. Asimismo porque es una artista conocida por los alumnos de la escuela Pigment, ya que anteriormente habían realizado un proyecto de apadrinamiento de esculturas y habitualmente ella participa en programas divulgativos en la escuela. El trabajo desarrollado centra el aprendizaje en la creación y en la investigación artística como ejes de los procesos de conceptualización con el objetivo de atender las dinámicas y los estímulos característicos de los niños. Facilitando procesos de búsqueda, exploración y manipulación sin condicionantes y promoviendo procesos autónomos en los que los mismos niños se planteen dudas e interrogantes y se enfrenten a situaciones cada vez mas complejas.

Se trata de una propuesta como resultado del trabajo conjunto entre la escuela de Arte Pigment y el ESPAI ZERO1 del Museu Comarcal de la Garrotxa, destinado exclusivamente a exposiciones temporales de creación contemporánea y como continuidad de propuestas anteriores de colaboración: REPLICA23 y SONESNAT JUNIOR. Com si fos possible recollir el sofriment es un proyecto de la artista Anna Manel.la, y se consideró una propuesta interesante y un reto para conversar, intercambiar y crear con los alumnos sobre el tema de la exposición: la muerte y el sufrimiento. Asimismo porque es una artista conocida por los alumnos de la escuela Pigment, ya que anteriormente habían realizado un proyecto de apadrinamiento de esculturas y habitualmente ella participa en programas divulgativos en la escuela. El trabajo desarrollado centra el aprendizaje en la creación y en la investigación artística como ejes de los procesos de conceptualización con el objetivo de atender las dinámicas y los estímulos característicos de los niños. Facilitando procesos de búsqueda, exploración y manipulación sin condicionantes y promoviendo procesos autónomos en los que los mismos niños se planteen dudas e interrogantes y se enfrenten a situaciones cada vez mas complejas.

Se trata de una propuesta como resultado del trabajo conjunto entre la escuela de Arte Pigment y el ESPAI ZERO1 del Museu Comarcal de la Garrotxa, destinado exclusivamente a exposiciones temporales de creación contemporánea y como continuidad de propuestas anteriores de colaboración: REPLICA23 y SONESNAT JUNIOR. Com si fos possible recollir el sofriment es un proyecto de la artista Anna Manel.la, y se consideró una propuesta interesante y un reto para conversar, intercambiar y crear con los alumnos sobre el tema de la exposición: la muerte y el sufrimiento. Asimismo porque es una artista conocida por los alumnos de la escuela Pigment, ya que anteriormente habían realizado un proyecto de apadrinamiento de esculturas y habitualmente ella participa en programas divulgativos en la escuela. El trabajo desarrollado centra el aprendizaje en la creación y en la investigación artística como ejes de los procesos de conceptualización con el objetivo de atender las dinámicas y los estímulos característicos de los niños. Facilitando procesos de búsqueda, exploración y manipulación sin condicionantes y promoviendo procesos autónomos en los que los mismos niños se planteen dudas e interrogantes y se enfrenten a situaciones cada vez mas complejas.

Esta comunicación resume un fragmento del estudio subvencionado por el CIDE cuyo objetivo era investigar en la formación inicial y permanente de maestras/os en activo como ciudadanos cultos y eficaces en la perspectiva intercultural en educación artística. Después de un período de negociaciones, se adaptó una unidad didáctica diseñada por estudiantes de magisterio, a un contexto escolar real: toda una escuela pública en Calonge (Girona). Visualizaremos los diferentes puntos de partida que tenían las maestras, y por consiguiente, los diferentes resultados obtenidos, a través de las anotaciones tomadas en la reunión de todas las maestras y la directora que se planteó como evaluación y final del proyecto.

Lipids are used for the evaluation of the different organic matter contributions in the north eastern Norwegian Sea (M23258 site, 75°N, 14°E) over the last 15,000 years. Development of a mass balance model based on the down-core quantification of the C37 alkenones, the odd carbon numbered n-alkanes (Aodd) and the unresolved complex mixture of hydrocarbons (UCM) has allowed three main organic matter inputs involving marine, continental and ancient reworked organic matter to be recognized. The model shows good agreement between measured and reconstructed TOC values. Similarly, a strong parallelism is observed between predicted components such as marine TOC and carbonate content, which was determined independently. Representation of the model results within a time scale based on 15 AMS-14C measurements shows that the main changes in organic matter constituents are coincident with the major climatic events of the last 15,000 years. Thus, the predominance of reworked organic matter is characteristic of Termination Ia (up to 70%), continental organic matter was dominant during the Bølling-Allerød (B-A) and Younger Dryas (YD) periods (about 85%) and a strong increase of marine organic matter occurred in the Holocene (between 50 and 75%). This agreement reflects the main hydrographic changes that determined the deposition of sedimentary materials between 0 and 15 cal ka: ice-rafted detritus from the Barents continental platform, ice-melting waters from the Arctic fluvial system discharging into the Barents Sea and dominance of North Atlantic currents, respectively. In this respect, the high-resolution down-core record resulting from the mass balance and lipid measurements allows for the identification of millennial scale events such as the increase of reworked organic matter at the final retreat of the Barents ice sheet at the end of the deglaciation period (Termination Ib).

The performance of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in the positive chemical ionization mode using ammonia as reagent gas (GC–PCI-MS) in the analysis of C37 alkenones for paleotemperature estimation has been re-evaluated. In some conditions, the discrepancies observed in the measurement of the Uk′37 index with this technique as compared with GC equipped with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) cannot be explained by differences in sensitivity between the tri- and diunsaturated alkenones. Thus, at low (currently <0.3) or high (currently >0.4) Uk′37 values the GC–PCI-MS determinations may be observed to be lower or higher, respectively, than those measured with GC–FID. As shown by analysis of a series of synthetic C37 alkenone standards these discrepant results can be explained by non linear effects in the GC–PCI-MS response factors. Second-order polynomial functions provide equations that describe better the signal to amount of analyte ratios. Users of GC–PCI-MS should calibrate their instruments with standards of known C37 alkenone composition in order to minimize non-linear effects.

Mala calidad de la obra original., Copia digital. Zaragoza, 2002

Tit. tomado de p.1 y mención de responsabilidad tomada de p.4 -- Enc. perg. deteriorada -- Enc. junto a otras alegaciones, Copia digital. Zaragoza, 2002

Error de paginación, página 8 numerada como 4., Copia digital. Zaragoza, 2002

Mala calidad de la obra original., Copia digital. Zaragoza, 2002

Tit. tomado de p.1 y mención de responsabilidad tomada de p.4 -- Enc. perg. deteriorada -- Enc. junto a otras alegaciones, Copia digital. Zaragoza, 2002

Error de paginación, página 8 numerada como 4., Copia digital. Zaragoza, 2002