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Tesi amb menció de Doctorat Internacional, Tesi en modalitat de cotutela: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza", (English) This thesis is the result of the intuitions, the same ones, but in a different form, that have guided the Spanish architect Enric Miralles throughout his short but prolific career. Intuitions that give rise to reflections on a conventional way of "doing architecture". The subject is not only the one who writes, studies, elaborates, thinks, draws. In this case, the subject is also Enric Miralles, the Catalan architect who died prematurely at the age of 45. Moreover, the subject is the architectural body in tension with its space: the body that fuses the building and the landscape without pouring into them another (over)reiterated dichotomy. In this relationship, it is common to define the time of an architecture: when it begins, when it ends, what life it has. Architecture does not die. Or rather, it should not die unless intuition ends. The relationship between subject and object is what then overflows in architecture in a description of facts, in an analysis of a project, in a definition of an idea and, not always, in the construction of a work. For Enric Miralles, space and the architectural body are in continuous tension, and, in this way, architecture is exciting. Intuition must be visible in his "making architecture". That architecture that is never finished, even if it is built. That architecture that still manages to thrill because the subject is visible in the object. It is probably still too early to say with certainty what his true legacy is, but his "making architecture" can be an example to remind us of the origin of a lost originality (cf. chapter 5). The world of Enric Miralles is vast and complex and, as Rafael Moneo states (cf. Preface), difficult to study in a few specific projects. However, to get started, research always needs a place on which to focus a narrative. In this case, it is Italy, the meeting and return point on this research journey, the place of formation and inspiration for Miralles. In the first part of the thesis work, we, (Español) Esta tesis es el resultado de las intuiciones, las mismas, pero de forma diferente, que han guiado al arquitecto español Enric Miralles a lo largo de su corta pero prolífica carrera. Intuiciones que dan lugar a reflexiones sobre una forma convencional de "hacer arquitectura". El sujeto no es sólo quien escribe, estudia, elabora, piensa, dibuja. En este caso, el sujeto es también Enric Miralles, el arquitecto catalán muerto prematuramente a los 45 años. Además, el sujeto es el cuerpo arquitectónico en tensión con su espacio: el cuerpo que funde el edificio y el paisaje sin verter en ellos otra dicotomía (sobre)reiterada. En esta relación, es habitual definir el tiempo de una arquitectura: cuando empieza, cuando acaba, qué vida tiene. La arquitectura no muere. O, mejor dicho, no debería morir a menos que acabe la intuición. La relación entre sujeto y objeto es lo que luego se desborda en arquitectura en una descripción de hechos, en un análisis de un proyecto, en una definición de una idea y, no siempre, en la construcción de una obra. Para Enric Miralles, el espacio y el cuerpo arquitectónico están en continua tensión y, de este modo, la arquitectura es emocionante. La intuición debe ser visible en su "hacer arquitectura". Esa arquitectura que nunca está acabada, aunque esté construida. Esa arquitectura que aún consigue emocionar porque el sujeto es visible en el objeto. Probablemente sea todavía demasiado pronto para afirmar con certeza cuál es su verdadero legado, pero su "hacer arquitectura" puede ser un ejemplo para recordar el origen de una originalidad perdida (cf. cap. 5). El mundo de Enric Miralles es vasto y complejo y, como afirma Rafael Moneo (cf. Prefacio), difícil de estudiar en unos pocos proyectos concretos. Sin embargo, para iniciarse, la investigación siempre necesita un lugar en el que centrar una narración. En este caso, es Italia, punto de encuentro y retorno en este viaje de investigación, lugar de formación e inspiración para Miralles., Postprint (published version)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are biocompatible nanozymes exerting multifunctional biomimetic activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, photolyase, and phosphatase. SOD- and catalase-mimesis depend on Ce3+/Ce4+ redox switch on nanoparticle surface, which allows scavenging the most noxious reactive oxygen species in a self-regenerating, energy-free manner. As oxidative stress plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, CNPs have recently attracted attention as potential anti-inflammatory agents. A careful survey of the literature reveals that CNPs, alone or as constituents of implants and scaffolds, strongly contrast chronic inflammation (including neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, liver steatosis, gastrointestinal disorders), infections, and trauma, thereby ameliorating/restoring organ function. By general consensus, CNPs inhibit inflammation cues while boosting the pro-resolving anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. The mechanism of CNPs’ anti-inflammatory effects has hardly been investigated, being rather deductively attributed to CNP-induced ROS scavenging. However, CNPs are multi-functional nanozymes that exert additional bioactivities independent from the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox switch, such as phosphatase activity, which could conceivably mediate some of the anti-inflammatory effects reported, suggesting that CNPs fight inflammation via pleiotropic actions. Since CNP anti-inflammatory activity is potentially a pharmacological breakthrough, it is important to precisely attribute the described effects to one or another of their nanozyme functions, thus achieving therapeutic credibility.

The aim is to study protocols for routing communications in networks of cooperative aerial drones, focusing deeply on the MAD routing solution, El objetivo es estudiar protocolos de enrutamiento de comunicaciones en redes de drones aéreos cooperativos, profundizando en la solución de enrutamiento MAD, L'objectiu és estudiar els protocols d'encaminament de comunicacions en xarxes de drons aeris cooperatius, centrant-se profundament en la solució d'encaminament MAD.

Publisher: FedOA - Federico II University Press Series: TeA / Teaching Architecture Pages: 146 Language: Italian NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/resolver.pl?nbn=urn:nbn:it:unina-28053 Abstract: The book collects the results of the Laboratory of Final Synthesis of the Master Degree course in Architectural Design MAPA at DiARC Department of Architecture, structured around the co-participation of two disciplines, architectural design, taught in the course by Professor Renato Capozzi, and executive design, by Professor Erminia Attaianese. The Laboratory has taken on a call for competition articulated in two phases with the subject of the design of a building with a strong public vocation, with the aim of subjecting the students to a design experimentation based on the simulation of a real participation in a design competition. The roofed market of San Giovanni di Dio in the Monteverde district in Rome, has been the theme of the year for the students, producing ten answers, in which the students have respected both the qualitative and quantitative indications and the number of elaborated required, keeping together the complexity of the architectural project and its executive and constructive aspects. The book is completed by contributions by Carmelo Baglivo, Lorenzo Netti, Valerio Palmieri and Efisio Pitzalis, followed by conclusions by Francesco Costanzo and Federica Visconti, Editore: FedOA - Federico II University Press Collana: TeA / Teaching Architecture Pagine: 146 Lingua: Italiano NBN: http://nbn.depositolegale.it/resolver.pl?nbn=urn:nbn:it:unina-28053 Abstract: Il volume raccoglie gli esiti del Laboratorio di Sintesi Finale del corso di Laurea Magistrale in Progettazione Architettonica MAPA presso il DiARC Dipartimento di Architettura, strutturato attorno alla compartecipazione di due discipline, la composizione architettonica e urbana, affrontata nel corso tenuto dal professore Renato Capozzi, e la progettazione esecutiva, affidata alla professoressa Erminia Attaianese. Il Laboratorio ha assunto un bando di concorso articolato in due fasi con oggetto la progettazione di un edificio a forte vocazione pubblica, con l’obiettivo di sottoporre agli allievi una sperimentazione progettuale basata sulla simulazione di una reale partecipazione ad un bando di concorso. Il mercato coperto a San Giovanni di Dio nel quartiere Monteverde a Roma, ha costituito il tema d’anno per gli studenti, producendo dieci risposte, in cui sono state rispettate sia le indicazioni qualitative e quantitative che il numero di elaborati richiesti, tenendo assieme la complessità del progetto di architettura e i suoi aspetti esecutivi e costruttivi. Completano il volume i contributi di Carmelo Baglivo, Lorenzo Netti, Valerio Palmieri e Efisio Pitzalis, seguiti dalle conclusioni di Francesco Costanzo e Federica Visconti

This article addresses the challenges that integral reparation programs meet when aiming to respond to multiple victimization experienced by displaced women. By adopting the ethnographic concept of “frictions” (Tsing, 2005), I analyze four dimensions of discursive frictions that occur surrounding reparative practice backed by the Law on Victims and Land Restitution and its multiple local encounters and dis-encounters when compensating multiple victimization in the post-conflict of Medellín. Like other studies have identified shortcomings of the idealistic and innovative Colombian reparation program, it becomes evident that the integral reparation efforts fall short in addressing the real complexity of interrelated and multiples victimizations in the urban context. Respectively the paper addresses the question of how experiences of compound victimization are considered within their temporal beginnings, continuities and endings. Derived from field research and problem-centred interviews conducted in 2017 the paper draws on a perspective of compound harm to understand the complexity of multiple victimization experienced by forcibly displaced women, Este artículo aborda los desafíos que enfrentan los programas de reparación integral de víctimas cuando procuran responder ante victimizaciones múltiples de mujeres desplazadas. Adoptando el concepto etnográfico “fricciones” (Tsing, 2005), se analizan cuatro dimensiones de fricciones discursivas que acontecen alrededor de prácticas reparadoras respaldadas por la Ley de víctimas y restitución de tierras, y sus múltiples encuentros y desencuentros locales cuando se han procurado compensar victimizaciones múltiples en el posconflicto de Medellín. Otros estudios han identificado defectos del idealista e innovador programa colombiano de reparación integral, pero estos esfuerzos se quedan cortos el abordar la real complejidad de las victimizaciones múltiples en el contexto urbano. El artículo analiza cómo se han abordado las experiencias de victimizaciones múltiples desde sus inicios, desarrollos y finales. A partir de investigación de campo y entrevistas centradas en problemas realizadas en 2017, el artículo acude a una perspectiva de daño interrelacionado para comprender la complejidad de la victimización múltiple vivida por mujeres víctimas de desplazamiento forzado.

Current fishing practices often do not allow adequate selection of species or sizes of fish, resulting in unwanted catches, subsequently discarded, with the consequent negative effects on both marine communities and fisheries profitability. The cross-analysis of density patches of potential unwanted catches and distribution of fishing effort can support the identification of spatial-temporal hot-spots in which the fishing pressure should be reduced to limit the amount of discards. The MinouwApp represents a technological and methodological framework to bring different, and structurally complex, sources of georeferenced data together into a simple visual interface aiming to interactively explore temporal ranges and areas of interest. The objective is to improve the understanding of fisheries dynamics, including discards, thus contributing to the implementation of discard management plans in a context of participative, ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies

Comunicación de Francesac Rossi (Dipartimento di Planificazione, Design, Tecnologia dell'Architettura, Sapienza Università di Roma), y Virginia Brasco (Scuola di Specializzazione in Beni Naturali e Territoriali, Sapienza Università di Roma). Ponencia de una investigación en curso financiada por la Universidad Sapienza de Roma., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::15 - Vida d'Ecosistemes Terrestres

Current fishing practices often do not allow adequate selection of species or sizes of fish, resulting in unwanted catches, subsequently discarded, with the consequent negative effects on both marine communities and fisheries profitability. The cross-analysis of density patches of potential unwanted catches and distribution of fishing effort can support the identification of spatial-temporal hot-spots in which the fishing pressure should be reduced to limit the amount of discards. The MinouwApp represents a technological and methodological framework to bring different, and structurally complex, sources of georeferenced data together into a simple visual interface aiming to interactively explore temporal ranges and areas of interest. The objective is to improve the understanding of fisheries dynamics, including discards, thus contributing to the implementation of discard management plans in a context of participative, ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies

Presentación de la sesión Premium 5 a cargo de Inés Aquilué y José Rosas (DUOT-UPC). Orden de las Ponencias: 1. Santa Teresa: una poética de lo excéntricamente central | Luis Felipe da Cunha e Silva (Universidade do Rio de Janeiro). 2. Sociografías del espacio urbano contemporáneo | Xavier Artázcoz García (Universitat de Barcelona). 3. A irregularidade: padroes de crescimento urbano nas cidades-satelite de Brasilia - o caso de Sobrandinho II | Patricia Martins Assreuy (Universidade de Brasilia ); Valerio Augusto Soares de Medeiros (Universidade de Brasilia ). 4.LABTUR. Laboratorios experimentales para la cocreación del espacio urbano: hacia una metodología de intervención | Ana Carolina Cardoso (Instituto Universitario de Lisboa); Alexandra Paio (Instituto Universitario de Lisboa). 5. Infraestructuras, movilidad y territorio histórico entre shrinkage y regeneración | Chiara Ravagnan (Sapienza Università di Roma); Mario Cerasoli (Sapienza Università di Roma); Bruno Monardo (Sapienza Università di Roma); Carlo Valorani (Sapienza Università di Roma). 6. Cartografías para el análisis de los espacios públicos: experiencias docentes para la innovación metodológica | Marina Jiménez (Universidad de Valladolid. Instituto Universitario de Urbanística); María A. Castrillo (Universidad de Valladolid. Instituto Universitario de Urbanística).

This project consists of aid an existing SLAM system by developing and implementing a motion estimator based on the Inertial measurements of a VI-sensor in the SLAM pipeline. This entire project has been carried out at “La Sapienza-Università di Roma” under the supervision of the PhD student Ciro Potena and professor Daniele Nardi. The project has consisted first on the development of an Inertial estimator, the evaluation of its accuracy and later the software implementation integrating the Inertial motion estimation into the feature tracking of the system to enhance its performance. The first chapter of the project is an introduction of what SLAM is. The second chapter explains the theoretical approach used to carry out the project. The third chapter explains all the modified code in the existing SLAM algorithm needed to make the system work with the IMU estimation and the results of all the experiments. First testing the IMU estimator and later testing the SLAM algorithm fused with the IMU estimators. Finally, in the fifth chapter, we explained the conclusions we got from the results of the experiments. All the developed software needed to integrate the IMU integration system in the SLAM pipeline has been coded in C++. We worked with the Robotic Operating System to interface with sensors, and to record datasets. For the analysis of the obtained results, we used the open-source dataset EuRoc. We used the Version-Control system GIT to store the developed code and to track the changes in the source code. The IMU estimator source code can be found on: “ https://gitlab.com/Carlos_IbCu/imu_project.git ” And the ProSlam algorithm can be found on: “ https://gitlab.com/Carlos_IbCu/srrg_proslam.git, Este proyecto consiste en la mejora de un Sistema SLAM ya existente mediante el desarrollo e implementación de un estimador del movimiento basado en las medidas inerciales de un VI-sensor. El proyecto se ha llevado a cabo en “La Sapienza-Università di Roma” bajo la supervisión del estudiante de doctorado Ciro Potena y del profesor Daniele Nardi. Las tareas llevadas a cabo constan del desarrollo de un estimador inercial, del análisis de este estimador y de la posterior implementación de este software integrando las estimaciones inerciales en el módulo de ‘feature tracking’ del algoritmo ProSlam para mejorar su rendimiento. El primer capítulo es una breve introducción sobre que es SLAM. El segundo capítulo explica los aspectos teóricos empleados en este proyecto. El tercer capítulo consta de como se ha implementado el estimador inercial en el sistema SLAM y de los resultados obtenidos. Primero evaluando el estimador inercial y seguidamente estudiando el rendimiento del algoritmo SLAM mientras usa las estimaciones de nuestro estimador inercial. Por ultimo en el quinto capítulo explicamos las conclusiones a las que hemos llegado tras el análisis de los resultados. Todo el código desarrollado necesario para integrar el sistema de estimación inercial en el tracking module del algoritmo SLAM ha sido codificado en C++. Usamos el sistema operativo robótico (ROS) como medio para interactuar con los sensores y para guardar sus mediciones. Para el análisis de los resultados obtenidos usamos sets de datos públicos EuRoC. Para la gestión de almacenado y registro de los cambios en el código fuente usamos el sistema de control de versiones GIT. El código del estimador inercial puede ser encontrado en: “ https://gitlab.com/Carlos_IbCu/imu_project.git ” El código en el que se basa el proyecto puede ser encontrado en: “ https://gitlab.com/Carlos_IbCu/srrg_proslam.git “, Outgoing

Universities have traditionally responded to two main functions: teaching and research. Universities provide training for high-level jobs and increase the body of theoretical knowledge as well as their possible applications through research. Competitiveness in the academic world has led to the upcoming of many different University tables that order Universities’ according to their academic performance using various combinations of different factors. However, such tables do not put emphasis on teaching quality and are mostly based in objective (though arguable) indicators of Universities’ research performance. In the opinion of the author current league tables can be misleading and confusing for students who use tables to choose a University for their Studies and even for Universities themselves who might be compelled to adopt policies to contempt leagues tables instead of focusing on long term policies aimed to improve both their research and their teaching quality. This document presents the process of creation of an alternative composite indicator which will serve to assess academic performance at Higher Education Institutions in Engineering-related fields. A composite indicator is formed when individual indicators are compiled into a single index, on the basis of an underlying model of the multi-dimensional concept that is being measured. Such multi-dimensional concept to be measured is in this case academic performance understood as the ability of a university to contenting the expectations, enhancing the capacities and providing the tools students consider to be relevant in their process of being transformed from high school students to competent and ready professionals to enter in the labor force as engineers. As a result of such considerations this composite indicator will be focused rather on University as a training and learning institution and not so much as an engine of knowledge creation. The composite indicator created will be put into practice to asses

Public servants are conditioned by perceptions about their jobs environments that can lead them to have less appreciation for their organizations. There are few studies that focus on a theoretical and practical understanding of the organizational environment as a factor that may lead public workers to low motivation and job satisfaction levels. We aim to explore organizational environment of Colombia’s public-sector entities as a key organizational aspect, considering the demographic characteristics of Colombian public servants. Through multivariate statistics we explore whether some demographic and organizational traits of public officials play a role on their appreciations of their organizational environments. To do so, we use data from a survey of the National Department of Statistics of Colombia, covering more than 6,000 public officials at the regional level. This article aims to inform practice since it provides empirical evidence about Colombia’s public organizations employees, suggesting that graduate middle professionals with more than six years of service, and technicians with more than twelve years of service tend to purport negative perceptions about the organizational environments of Colombian public organizations. Thus, seniority in Colombia appears to have a key role on such perceptions., El trabajo de los servidores públicos está condicionado por sus percepciones acerca del ambiente de trabajo, las cuales pueden llevarlos a afectar sus visiones sobre la organización. No existen muchos estudios que, a nivel teórico o práctico, analicen en Colombia el ambiente laboral como un factor relacionado con la motivación y la satisfacción laboral de los servidores públicos. A través del uso de técnicas estadísticas multivariadas, este artículo explora si: diferentes factores sociodemográficos y organizacionales tienen un efecto sobre las percepciones de los servidores acerca del ambiente laboral. Utilizamos datos del DANE, cubriendo más de 6,000 oficiales públicos a nivel regional.

The Internet of Things (IoT), is going to redefine the way people interact with each other and with the objects that surround them. Within the IoT scope, LPWA radio technologies have emerged as a solution for the design of massive Machine Type Communications. 3GPP introduced in 2016 (Release 13), the Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), as a brand new cellular technology, compatible with 4G LTE, that is going to be deploy for mMTC applications, that tend to be delay tolerant, with low data rates, and supporting high number of devices. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the deployment of NB-IoT in the uplink, focusing in the coverage enhancement that offers respect legacy LTE. Two techniques are studied, one based in signal repetitions, and the other based on small cells aggregation., Internet of Things (IoT), va a redefinir como las personas interactúan entre ellas i con los objetos cotidianos. Dentro este ámbito, tecnologías radio LPWA has surgido como una solución para el diseño de sistemas masivos para las comunicaciones máquina-máquina. 3GPP introdució en 2016 (Release 13), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), como una nueva tecnología celular, compatible con 4G LTE, e implementable para aplicaciones mMTC, que suelen ser tolerantes a la demora, con bajo tráfico de datos, y soporte para gran cantidad de dispositivos. El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar el enlaçe ascendente en un deslpliegue NB-IoT, centrándose en la mejora de cobertura que ofrece respecto a su precursora LTE. Se estudian dos técnicas, una basada en la repetición de la senyal, i la otra basada en la agregación de células a la red. El análisis se lleva a cabo con un simulador de redes (ns-3)., L'Internet de les coses (IoT), modificarà la manera com les persones interactuen entre si i amb els objectes que els envolten. Dins l'àmbit de l'IoT, tecnologies de ràdio LPWA han sorgit com una solució per al disseny de sistemes massius per a comunicacions màquina-màquina. 3GPP va introduir el 2016 (Release 13), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), com una nova tecnologia cel·lular, compatible amb 4G LTE, implementable per a aplicacions mMTC, que solen ser tolerants a demora, amb baix tràfic de dades, i suport a nombrosos dispositius. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és analitzar l'enllaç ascendent en el desplegament de NB-IoT, centrant-se en la millora de la cobertura que ofereix, respecte a la seva precursora LTE. S'estudien dues tècniques, una basada en repeticions la senyal, i l'altra basada en l'agregació de cèl·lules a la xarxa. L'anàlisi es realitza mitjançant un simulador de xarxes (ns-3).

During the last years, semi-supervised learning has become one of the most important topics for research in machine learning. Dealing with the situation where few labeled training points are available, but a large number of unlabeled points are given, it is directly relevant to a multitude of practical problems. Indeed, many situations of life can be explained from that perspective, where the majority of the data is unlabeled. For instance, when babies learn to speak, they do not know the meaning of the words they listen to, but learn that after a subject there always comes an action. Namely, they take profit of the structure of the input data. As for neural networks, unregularized artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be easily overfit with a limited sample size. This is due to the discriminative nature of ANNs which directly model the conditional probability p(yjx) of labels given the input. The ignorance of input distribution p(x) makes ANNs difficult to generalize to unseen data. Recent advances in regularization techniques indicate that modeling input data distribution (either explicitly or implicitly) greatly improves the generalization ability of a ANN. In this work, I explore the manifold hypothesis which assumes that instances within the same class lie in a smooth manifold. This idea is carried out by imposing manifold based locality preserving constraints on the outputs of the network. This thesis basically focuses on the training of a 1-hidden layer NN for a binary classification problem. The basic idea is to take profit of data structure based on the assumption it lies on a submanifold in a high dimensional space. In this thesis, based on previous works related to the topic, I model this idea using the Laplacian graph as a constrain in the objective function of the NN. Experimental results show that, having chosen good hyperparameters for the NN and in the datasets under consideration, there is always an improvement in the algorithm performance when appl, En los últimos años, semi-supervised learning se ha convertido en uno de los temas más escogidos en investigaciones sobre machine learning. En multitud de situaciones prácticas solo se conocen etiquetas de un grupo minoritario de datos mientras que, en comparación, el conjunto de datos a entrenar es grande. De hecho, muchas experiencias de la vida pueden explicarse desde esta perspectiva. Por ejemplo, cuando los recién nacidos aprenden a hablar no conocen el significado de las palabras que escuchan pero llegan a aprender que después de un sujeto siempre viene un predicado. Es decir, aprovechan la estructura de los datos. En relación a las NN, las artificial neural networks no regularizadas (ANNs) pueden fácilmente estar overfitted a causa de la condición discriminativa que tienen estas redes por naturaleza, las cuales modelan directamente la probabilidad condicional p(yjx) de los datos a entrenar. Sin embargo, la ignorancia de la distribución de probabilidad de los datos de entrada p(x) hace de las ANNs unos algoritmos difíciles de generalizar para datos no usados en el entrenamiento. Algunas investigaciones recientes indican que el poder modelar esta distribución de probabilidad de los datos de entrada mejora sustancialmente esta generalización del comportamiento del algoritmo para nuevos datos. En este proyecto estudio la hipótesis que asume que los datos de una misma clase se encuentran en un manifold de bajas dimensiones, en comparación con la alta dimensión del espacio en el que se encuentra el conjunto de datos de entrada. Esta idea es llevada a cabo mediante la imposición de unas limitaciones geométricas sobre los resultados de la red neuronal propuesta. La tesis se centra en el entrenamiento de una 1-hidden fully connected layer NN para un problema de clasificación binaria. La idea básica es aprovechar la estructura geométrica de los datos de entrada a partir de la asunción que esta en realidad se encuentra en un manifold de dimensiones bajas. Basándome en t, En els últims anys, semi-supervised learning s'ha convertit en un dels temes més escollits en investigacions sobre machine learning. En multitut de situacions pràctiques només es coneixen etiquetes d'un grup minoritari de dades mentre que, en comparació, el conjunt de dades a entrenar és gran. De fet, moltes experiències de la vida poden explicar-se des d'aquesta perspectiva. Per exemple, quan els nadons aprenen a parlar no coneixen el significat de les paraules que escolten però acaben aprenent que després d'un subjecte sempre vé un predicat. És a dir, aprofiten l'estructura de les dades. En relació a les xarxes neuronals, les artificial neural networks no regularitzades (ANNs) poden fàcilment estar overfitted a causa de la condició discriminativa que tenen aquestes xarxes per naturalesa, les quals modelen directament la probabilitat condicional p(y|x) de les dades a entrenar. Tot i això, la ignorància de la distribució de probabilitat de les dades d'entrada p(x) fa que les ANNs siguin uns algoritmes difícils de generalitzar per a dades no usades en l'entrenament. Algunes investigacions recents indiquen que el poder modelar aquesta distribució de probabilitat de les dades d'millora substancialment la generalització del comportament de l'algoritme per a noves dades. En aquest projecte estudio la hipòtesis que assumeix que les dades d'una mateixa classe es troben en un manifold de baixes dimensions, en comparació amb l'alta dimensió de l'espai en el que es troba el conjunt de dades d'inicials. Aquesta idea és duta a terme per mitjà de la imposició d'unes limitacions geomètriques sobre els resultats de la xarxa neuronal proposta. La tesi es centra en l'entrenament d'una 1-hidden fully connected layer NN per a un problema de classificació binària. La idea bàsica és aprofitar l'estructura geomètrica de les dades d'entrada a partir de l'assumpció que aquestes en realitat es troben en un manifold de dimensions baixes. Basant-me en estudis previs sobre la matèria, modelo l

Cotutela Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i Sapienza, Università di Roma, The era we are living calls us to face the environmental and urban issues. As the main source of greenhouse emissions and energy consumption, cities are as well the most vulnerable places as for the effects of climate change and energy scarcity. In densely built urban areas, this condition is exacerbated by the urban heat island effect, which causes higher air temperatures in urban areas than in the rural areas. Understanding the complex physical interaction between the building and the urban context is therefore a preliminary knowledge necessary to steer the urban transformation processes towards more sustainable cities . The thesis investigates the relationship between urban morphology, heat island effect and energy demand in the Mediterranean climate. A set of analysis tools is presented, in order to highlight the direct and indirect relationships between the morphological parameters of the urban textures and the climatic and energetic performance at local scale.The results are based on experimental and computational,as applied to two main fields of investigation: the average intensity of the heat island in Rome and Barcelona and the variabilityof the climatic and energetic performance related to the urban morphology. The experimental study of the heat island intensity was conducted by comparing the temperature data observed at different weather stations and the measurements taken at street level. The phenomenon is significant in both cities .At the street level, higher temperatures are recorded during the day, with an average maximum heat island intensity of more than 4 ºC, both in winter and in summer.M. roof level temperatures are lower, especially in summer, when the sea breeze moderates the phenomenon intensity. The variability of heat island according to the different urban morphologies has been investigated through the "Urban Weather Generator" model, using a representative sample of urban textures as case studies.The analysis of the results shows two dist, L’epoca che stiamo vivendo ci chiama al confronto con la questione ambientale ed urbana. Le città, che rappresentano la fonte principale delle emissioni e del consumo delle risorse non rinnovabili, sono anche il luogo di maggior vulnerabilità rispetto ai rischi connessi al cambio climatico ed alla questione energetica. Nelle aree urbane densamente costruite, tale condizione è ulteriormente aggravata dall’effetto dell’isola di calore, che comporta un aumento della temperatura dell’aria rispetto alle zone non urbanizzate. La comprensione della complessità dei fenomeni fisici-energetici che si instaurano tra l’edificio ed il contesto rappresenta pertanto una base conoscitiva indispensabile per indirizzare processi di trasformazione urbana verso modelli di maggiore sostenibilità. La tesi di dottorato indaga le relazioni tra morfologia urbana, isola di calore e domanda energetica in clima Mediterraneo, presentando un insieme di strumenti di analisi che evidenziano le relazioni, dirette e indirette, tra i caratteri morfologici dei tessuti edilizi e la prestazione climatica ed energetica a scala locale. I risultati conseguiti si basano su analisi sperimentali e modellazioni che riguardano due ambiti principali di indagine: l’intensità media di isola di calore a Roma e Barcellona e la variazione della prestazione climatica ed energetica in funzione della morfologia dei tessuti edilizi. Lo studio sperimentale dell’isola di calore è stato condotto mediante comparazione di dati di temperatura osservati a diverse stazioni meteorologiche e con misurazioni alla quota stradale. Il fenomeno risulta rilevante in entrambe le città. Alla quota stradale le temperature sono maggiori durante il giorno, con un’intensità media massima di isola di calore di oltre 4°C sia in inverno che in estate. Alla quota dei tetti il fenomeno è più moderato, soprattutto in estate, grazie all’effetto mitigatore della brezza marina. La variabilità dell’isola di calore in funzione della morfologia dell’edif, La época que estamos viviendo nos llama a enfrentar las cuestiones ambientales y urbanas .Las ciudades, que son la fuente principalde emisiones y de consumo de recursos no renovables, son también los lugares más vulnerables a los riesgos relacionados con el cambio climático y la cuestión energética. En las áreas urbanas densas, esta condición es aún más perjudicial por el efecto de isla de calor, lo que produce un aumento de la temperaturas respecto a la de las zonas rurales limítrofes .La comprensión de la complejidad de los fenómenos físico-energético que se establecen entre el edificio y el contexto urbano es, por tanto, una base de conocimiento necesaria para establecer criterios de intervención hacia modelos de mayor sostenibilidad. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que una estructura urbana suficientemente densa y compacta puede contribuir a la reducción de la demanda de energía en el clima mediterráneo, lo que demuestra la validez y la eficiencia de los principios de arquitectura y urbanismo tradicionalmente presentes en este contexto climático. La tesis doctoral investiga las relaciones entre morfología urbana, isla de calor y demanda energética en el clima mediterráneo, presentando un conjunto de herramientas de anális is que destacan las relaciones, directas e indirectas, entre las características morfológicas de los tejidos urbanos y el comportamiento climático y energético a la escala local. Los resultados se basan en análisis experimentales y simulaciones sobre dos áreas principales de investigación: la intensidad media de la isla de calor en Roma y Barcelona y en rendimiento energético y climático en relación a las características morfológicas de los tejidos. El estudio experimental de la isla de calor se llevó a cabo mediante la comparación de datos de temperatura observados en diferentes estaciones meteorológicas y mediciones a nivel de la calle. El fenómeno es relevante en ambas ciudades. Al nivel de la calle, las temperaturas son mayores durante el dí, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles, Postprint (published version)

Cotutela Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i La Sapienza, Università di Roma, In questa tesi si esplora la possibilità di una lettura morfologica della città contemporanea che ne spieghi specificamente il processo di formazione in continuità con la città tradizionale. Nella tesi si propone l’ipotesi che questa nuova configurazione che qui sarà denominata Città-Territorio possa leggersi come salto di scala della città e che per tanto possa essere legittimo un tipo di lettura processuale e storico simile a quello proposto dalle scuole di morfologia degli anni ’70 ed ’80 per la città tradizionale. L’idea di un salto di scala legittima inoltre l’ipotesi dell’esistenza di logiche interscalari e auto-similari tra le due configurazioni, offrendo una nuova chiave di lettura rispetto alle regole di localizzazione e aggregazione all’interno della trama territoriale. La ricerca ha come risultato l’elaborazione di una Tassonomia che sarà utilizzata come strumento di lettura per l’analisi morfologica del settore appartenente alla Regione Metropolitana di Barcellona che va dal distretto di Sant Martì (città di Barcellona) a Matarò. Questa lettura serve a ricucire la storia della trasformazione della città capitale e della sua corona urbana in un filo unico, dove la scala locale e quella territoriale appaiono integrate nel formare l’immagine di un’unica trama a grande scala., The crisis of the traditional city, with its morphological characteristics, has been largely debated. The new urban phenomenon has almost always been described as antithetical. By contrary this Thesis interrogates the possibility of reading a continuity between the traditional and the contemporary city. The first part of the research brings forth the concept that the territory can be described as an urban phenomenon, and offers the definition of the contemporary city as a Città-Territorio (City-Territory). This also serves to outline an analytical approach introduced in the 70's by the morphological school of thinkers. The thesis once again proposes this term, in continuity with this school and taking advantage of its learnings, to compare the traditional city, already studied in depth, with the contemporary city. The research also introduces the hypothesis that the Città-Territorio can be interpreted as a change of scale of the traditional city, and that it is in fact possible to identify inter-scalar auto-similarity properties. Starting from the historical roots of this phenomenon, one of the key concepts of this research is introduced: Trama-Territoriale (Territorial Mesh). The Thesis offer a synthesis of two possible interpretations of this concept: an abstract view, where the Trama is considered a network of connections and nodes; and a physical view, where the Trama is considered a traditional material of the historical stratification process related to anthropic occupation; in particular the research developes the second point of view. In the second part of this research the relevance of a morphological approach in the study of the contemporary city is discussed through an excursus of the main European schools¿ contributions, with a particular thematization due to geographical areas. From the synthesis of these references a basis for the definition of a Taxonomy emerges. The taxonomy is organised around the tre main elements that constitute the Trama: Traccia, Postprint (published version)

Design and implementation of 3D indoor positioning algorithms and visualization tools based on WiFi fingerprinting, This work is focused on a probabilistic approach to implement Wi-Fi fingerprinting Weighted k-Nearest Neighbors (WkNN) algorithms in indoor position estimation. Still, deterministic approach is compared with the probabilistic methods tested, to see if there is an improvement on the results. This is the main goal of this experiment. In this work, several tests are carried out in an indoor scenario. Many parameters and distribution functions are used, and the results show that the probabilistic option with the lowest mean error in the estimation is the exponential non weighted, but is not lower, by little, than in the deterministic approach. In a future work, the same experiment should be done in better conditions, doing a better test bed and considering more factors when implementing the algorithms., Este proyecto se centra en el enfoque probabilístico para implementar algoritmos basados en ?WkNN (K vecinos más cercanos) Wi-Fi fingerprinting? en la estimación de una localización indoor. Aún así, el enfoque determinístico se compara con los métodos probabilísticos utilizados, para ver si realmente hay una mejora en los resultados. Este es el objetivo principal de nuestro experimento. Durante el proyecto se hacen varias pruebas en un escenario indoor. Se usan también muchos parámetros y funciones de distribución , y los resultados muestran cómo la opción probabilística con menor error medio en la estimación es la exponencial no pesada, pero no es menor, por poco, que en la determinística. En futuros proyectos se debería repetir el experimento en mejores condiciones, haciendo un mejor y más pensado banco de pruebas y teniendo en cuenta más factores a la hora de implementar el código., Aquest projecte es centra en l?enfocament probabilístic per implementar algoritmes basats en ?WkNN (K veïns más propers) Wi-Fi fingerprinting? en l?estimació d?una localització indoor. Tot i així, l?enfocament determinístic es compara amb els mètodes probabilístics utilitzats, per veure si realment hi ha una millora en els resultats. Aquest és l?objetiu principal del nostre experiment. Durant el projecte es fan diverses probes en un escenari indoor. S?usen tambén molts paràmetres y funcions de distribució, i els resultats mostren com la opció probabilística amb menor error mig en l?estimació és l?exponencial no pesada, pero no és menor, per poc, que en la determinística. En futurs projectes es deuria repetir l?experiment en millors condicions, fent un millor i més pensat banc de probes i tenint en compte més factors a l?hora d?implementar el codi.

Having successfully completed the design and construction of a fully functional prototype of the first Lightcam SLA 3D printer, this project aims to entirely describe the development of all software required to allow end users to materialize their digital parts in an easy and efficient way.

Cotutela Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Premi extraordinari doctorat 2013-2014, Introducció i conclusions tambè en anglès, This research aims at exploring meanings, qualities and analytical abilities of density concept and its potential interpretations in architecture and sustainability fields. Despite the growing unsustainability of today's city facing an effective energy and environmental crisis, recent statistics have confirmed the increasing attractive power of metropolitan areas. Within the context of European compact city, new building models based on energy conservation principles account for an insignificant percentage compared to the great mass of existing city whose functioning remarkably affects the inefficiency of the whole metropolitan system. Therefore an approach determining design instruments and methods at urban and architectural scale must be found in order to set out conditions more appropriate to the compact city. At this analysis stage, the relationship between energy and form takes a central role in the variation of energy performances; at the same time the concept of density has showed the ability to describe the morphological performances of the built form. The general aim of the present research is to determine the relationships among built-form, energy and urban fabrics by the density parameter in compact city with Mediterranean climate. This research is composed by four interconnected parts. The first one examines the relationship among current urban and energy dynamics to comprehend the role and contribution of the building industry in the light of the scientific progress and the implementation of present operational and regulatory instruments. The second one investigates role and evolution of the density concept as parameter, design instrument and basis of theoretical categories, especially referring to interactions with urban form and sustainability. In the third part the analytical and interpretative abilities of density are employed in order to prove the environmental implications and verify the existence of interactions among urban sustainability indicat, La ricerca esplora significati, proprietà e capacità analitiche del concetto di densità e delle sue possibili interpretazioni nell’ambito dell’architettura e della sostenibilità. Il suo obiettivo è la determinazione di relazioni tra costruito, energia e forma dei tessuti urbani della città compatta mediterranea ricorrendo alla densità quale parametro utile a decifrarne le specificità. A dispetto della sempre maggiore insostenibilità della città odierna, di fronte alla crisi energetica ed ambientale in atto, recenti statistiche hanno confermato il crescente potere attrattivo delle aree metropolitane. Nel contesto della città compatta europea, i nuovi modelli insediativi basati su principi di risparmio energetico rappresentano una percentuale insignificante rispetto alla città esistente che, nel funzionare, incide notevolmente sull’inefficienza dell’intero sistema metropolitano. In questo quadro, potrebbe essere risolutivo identificare un approccio che individui strumenti e metodi progettuali alla scala urbana piuttosto che a quella architettonica, utili a definire condizioni più appropriate e realmente incisivi per la città compatta. Se riferito in primo luogo a tale scala il rapporto tra energia e forma assume un ruolo centrale sulla variazione delle prestazioni energetiche; allo stesso tempo il concetto di densità appare un’efficace strumento di analisi delle prestazioni morfologiche del costruito. La ricerca si compone di cinque parti. La prima analizza la condizione odierna delle dinamiche urbane ed energetiche, per comprendere ruolo e contributo dell’edilizia alla luce dell’avanzamento del pensiero scientifico e degli strumenti operativi disponibili. La seconda affronta il significato e l’evoluzione del concetto di densità quale parametro di misura, strumento progettuale e fondamento teorico, facendo riferimento in particolare alle interazioni con la forma urbana e la sostenibilità. Nella terza si utilizzano le capacità analitiche della densità per comprovare le, El presente estudio indaga significados, propiedad y capacidad analíticas del concepto de densidad y de su posible interpretación en el ámbito de la arquitectura y de la sostenibilidad. El principal objetivo es determinar las relaciones entre ambiente construido, energía y forma de los tejidos urbanos recurriendo a la densidad como parámetro útil para descifrar sus especificidades de la ciudad compacta mediterránea. A pesar de una siempre mayor insostenibilidad de la ciudad actual, frente a la crisis energética y ambiental en curso, estadísticas recientes han confirmado el creciente poder atractivo de las metrópolis. En el contexto de la ciudad europea, los modelos de asentamiento actuales, basados en principios de ahorro energético, constituyen un porcentaje insignificante frente a la ciudad existente que, funcionando, grava notablemente en consumo el sistema metropolitano. En esta situación, podría ser resolutivo identificar un acercamiento que identifique herramientas y métodos para el proyecto a escala urbana, que sean útiles para definir condiciones más apropiadas y sean realmente eficaces para la ciudad compacta. Si se refiere en primer lugar a dicha escala, la relación entre energía y forma asume una función central para la variabilidad de la prestación energética; al mismo tiempo el concepto de densidad parece una herramienta eficaz para analizar las prestaciones morfológicas del ambiente construido. La investigación se compone de cinco partes. La primera analiza las dinámicas urbanas y energéticas actuales, para entender capacidad y contribución de la construcción a la luz del avance del pensamiento científico y de las herramientas disponibles. La segunda trata el significado y la evolución del concepto de densidad como parámetro de medida, herramienta del proyecto y origen teórico de la arquitectura, con particular referencia a las interacciones con la forma urbana y la sostenibilidad. En la tercera se utilizan las capacidades analíticas de la densidad par, Award-winning, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles, Postprint (published version)

The cosmetic history starts around twelve thousand years ago, when Ancient Egyptians discovered the healing abilities of scented oils. Perfection and beauty have always been goals of all civilizations, in fact, cosmetics has played a prominent role in the advances from ancient civilization to the current lifestyle. Cosmetics have helped to change how people look, to heal sick bodies and to enable to express our religious beliefs. Cosmetic progress over time has not been progressive; this, at certain times it looked like cosmetics were going to disappear from public life. Ancient Egypt is the birthplace of cosmetics. Precisely in Ancient Egypt is where cosmetics became popular in different ways, such as maintain a better body, appearance or fashion, and also, a medical importance to a civilization that lived in very harsh desert conditions. To give an example, Egyptian women made regular use of deodorants, skin tonics and ointments, most of these consisting of donkey milk, yeast, honey, clay and oils. After this, Ancient Rome managed to build for an itself large empire that reached to the edges of known world, with access to vast resources and trade routes to the neighbouring civilizations; it quickly became enchanted with cosmetic products of all types. This came led by the invasion of the Roman Empire over the Greeks, when women belonging to that civilization extended their habits to Roman women, which employed extracts of lemon, rose and jasmine to soft their skin and clay, vinegar and bark to harden their breasts, among other things. Early 20th century coinciding with the development of the chemical industry, remains as one of the most exciting times in the history of the cosmetics. During those years, a lot of new products were introduced to the market enabling radical change in fashion styles and society. These products are no longer a luxury and products become accessible to everyone. The First World War had a significant impact and was a parenthesis in this g, Outgoing

Projecte Finl de Carrera fet en col.laboració amb Università La Sapienza di Roma., English: Study of a methodology that, without the use of cryptography, limits the possible "intelligence" present at the eavesdropper and increases the level of secrecy on a wireless environment using MIMO systems., Castellano: Estudio de una metodologia que, sin hacer uso de la criptografia, permite limitar la posible "inteligencia" del espia, con la finalidad de aumentar la confidencialidad en comunicacines wireless con sistemas MIMO, Català: Estudi d'una metodologia que, sense fer ús de la criptografia, permet limitar la possible "intel.ligència" de l'espia per tal d'augmentar la confidencialitat en comunicacions wireless amb sistemes MIMO.

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in its 30th article expresses the necessary elements of the culpability principle, in order to establish the judgement of mens rea of international crimes. The requirement of “Intent and Knowledge, El Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) dispone en el artículo 30 los elementos necesarios en términos del principio de culpabilidad para hablar de imputación subjetiva de los crímenes internacionales. La exigencia de que el agente actúe con “In

Projecte final de carrera fet en col.laboració amb Ospedale Fatebenefratelli di Roma & La Sapienza, The aim of this project is to implement InPresS in the Android platform. InPresS is a medical application developed by the team LET’s from Ospedale Fatebenefratelli di Roma, which takes data from an analog sensor that the patient must press. The application in addition to acquiring these data, processes and displays them on screen. In this project, we design an application, that in addition to the actions that had inpress beta version, it has other very useful options such as GPS references and full connectivity between patient and hospital. The main goal we set ourselves in this project is to improve the lives of patients who must use the device for safety and comfort

International audience, ET: a 3 rd generation GW observatory 2 10 Abstract. Advanced gravitational wave interferometers, currently under realization, will soon permit the detection of gravitational waves from astronomical sources. To open the era of precision gravitational-wave astronomy, a further substantial improvement in sensitivity is required. The future space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and the third-generation ground-based observatory Einstein Telescope (ET) promise to achieve the required sensitivity improvements in frequency ranges. The vastly improved sensitivity of the third generation of gravitational-wave observatories could permit detailed measurements of the sources ' physical parameters and could complement, in a multi-messenger approach, the observation of signals emitted by cosmological sources obtained through other kinds of telescopes. This paper describes the progresses of the ET project which is currently in its design study phase. ET: a 3 rd generation GW observatory 3 PACS numbers: 04.80.Nn Submitted to: Class. Quantum Grav. ET: a 3 rd generation GW observatory 4

We introduce a new class of "filtered" schemes for some first order non-linear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. The work follows recent ideas of Froese and Oberman (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., Vol 51, pp.423-444, 2013). The proposed schemes are not monotone but still satisfy some -monotone property. Convergence results and precise error estimates are given, of the order of √ ∆x where ∆x is the mesh size. The framework allows to construct finite difference discretizations that are easy to implement, high–order in the domains where the solution is smooth, and provably convergent, together with error estimates. Numerical tests on several examples are given to validate the approach, also showing how the filtered technique can be applied to stabilize an otherwise unstable high–order scheme.