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There is worldwide concern for the high consumption of energy from fossil fuels, the limited fossil fuel resources, the climate change and global warming and their possible long-term consequences and the population growth. Even more when energy is the main intermediate good necessary for economic growth and development in any country. This usually translates into better quality of life, and thereby, higher primary energy consumption in all sectors, transport, industry, services, household, etc. In this context, the European Union (EU) seeks to reach a balance between sustainable development, competitiveness and secure supply. The current EU energy policy is based on three interrelated pillars or basic goals: the promotion of energy efficiency, the application of greenhouse gas mitigation policies and the increase of share of energy from renewable energy sources. In this paper, a methodology for nonlinear distribution of dynamic targets is proposed and applied to EU energy policy goals., A nivel mundial, existe una preocupación por el alto consumo de energía procedente de combustibles fósiles, los limitados recursos fósiles, el cambio climático y el calentamiento global y sus posibles consecuencias a largo plazo, y el crecimiento de la población. Más aún cuando la energía es el principal insumo para el desarrollo y el crecimiento económico de todos los países, que se traduce generalmente en una mayor calidad de vida, y por lo tanto en un mayor consumo de energía primaria en todos los sectores: transporte, industria, servicios, doméstico, etc. En este contexto, la Unión Europea (UE) busca alcanzar un equilibrio entre el desarrollo sostenible, la competitividad y la seguridad de abastecimiento. La actual política energética de la UE se basa en tres pilares interrelacionados u objetivos básicos: la promoción de la eficiencia energética, la aplicación de políticas de mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero y el aumento de la cuota de energía procedente de fuentes renovables. En este trabajo, se propone una metodología para la distribución no lineal de los objetivos dinámicos, y que es aplicada a los objetivos de la política energética., Au niveau mondial, on s’inquiète de la forte consommation d’énergie provenant des combustibles fossiles, des ressources fossiles limitées, du changement climatique et du réchauffement climatique et ses éventuelles conséquences à long terme, et de la croissance de la population. Surtout quand l’énergie est le principal élément pour le développement et la croissance de tous les pays, ce qui aboutit généralement à une meilleure qualité de vie, et donc à une consommation plus élevée d’énergie primaire dans tous les secteurs: transport, industrie, services, domestiques, etc .. Dans ce contexte, l’Union européenne (UE) vise à atteindre un équilibre entre le développement durable, la compétitivité et la sécurité d’approvisionnement. La politique énergétique actuelle de l’UE est basée sur trois piliers interdépendants ou objectifs: la promotion de l’efficacité énergétique, la mise en oeuvre des politiques visant à atténuer les gaz à effet de serre et l´augmentation de la part d’énergie provenant de sources renouvelables. Dans cet étude, nous proposons une méthodologie pour la répartition non-linéaire des objectifs dynamiques, appliquée à des objectifs de politique énergétique.

The social and political construction of 'rurality' in different times, regions and countries is a topic of never-ending fascination. Exactly why do we have so many different ideas of what is rural in Europe, and especially the sparsely populated countries of Northern Europe? Exactly why have people's ideas of what is rural - or what it is to be rural - changed so radically over time? And why does it matter if there are such differences and changes? What are the specific characteristics and issues in the Nordic countries and Northern Scotland? We must first distinguish between definitions of rurality for statistical purposes, and notions of rurality in the popular discourse. I will deal briefly with the first, and with the second at greater length, and not only because those in the northern periphery have been encouraging the idea of the ‘Northern Dimension’ in rurality and rural policy in recent years.In practice, the definitions used by researchers and by policy have evolved, and there is recognition of the differences between the very sparsely populated and peripheral ‘north’ and those within the reach of agglomerated labour markets around larger cities. However, in Scandinavia, as in Scotland and Ireland, there are politics involved. If rurality means cash, then everyone wants to be a policy rentier! Definitions and boundaries get blurred, and the cash is spread more thinly, sometimes even grabbed by the least-deserving where they can bend these in their own interests. This is where ideas of rurality in the popular (or maybe media) discourse matter!

There are at least three aspects that make Sweden a special country in a European context. The first aspect deals with the country’s traditional local decision-making. Of course, there are regions in Sweden that are traditionally more independent than others. They may be more apt to stimulate local co-operation, to better represent different local interests and be able to face changes and new challenges. Nation-wide, Sweden is characterised by a system of strong political decentralisation in which the municipalities (municipalities are also active in local economic development planning) have major responsibilities (for service supply and power of decision particularly in land use planning). This is important in the context of economic performance as it is expected that the closer to the people the decisions are made, the more responsive and effective the system should be. The second important aspect is Sweden’s status as a welfare State. Despite the clear evidence of diminishment of the State’s role and strong influence on a global market economy during the last decades, Sweden has succeeded in keeping a great part of the welfare system core intact. In fact, these structural changes constitute an ongoing challenge to the current planning system that is struggling to maintain a balance between the quality of life standard attained over the last century, and a series of new demands emerging from the globalisation process. The equalisation system among regions and municipalities is a mechanism that directly aims to decrease imbalances. Traditional mechanisms directed at keeping people’s quality of life are associated with new policies with a strong welfare content which means the gap between the lagging and leading areas in a regional rural context may be relatively small. When differential economic performance between regions is assessed a sensitive method that goes beyond the analysis of ‘hard factors’ is highly relevant (especially in consideration of those that are