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This thesis investigates gossip and rumours through a narrative lens in order to understand what kind of stories emanated from eighteenth-century Stockholm, and what these stories reveal about the moral values and concerns of the urban community. Using records from the consistory court and the lower courts of Stockholm, the thesis sheds some light on the stories which tend to go under the radar, and gives insights into the subtle facets of urban life, wherein gossip nurtured a culture of speculation and suspicion. By uncovering the narratives which preoccupied the urban population of Stockholm, some thematical patterns have emerged: people gossiped about sexual immorality, marital disorder, financial dishonesty, and perceived threats against the Lutheran faith. Typically, these stories seem to have emanated from the neighbourhood or the household. The study also shows that gossip and rumours told the stories of those who violated core moral values – stories that heavily relied on a repertoire of narrative tropes and figures to portray those who transgressed social and moral boundaries. These stories reveal a deep concern for – even fear of – the hidden threats in the urban fabric: immoral characters disguised as honest members of the community. As inversions of core values, these narrative stereotypes were perceived as dangerous threats to social order and unity, whose actions could have far-reaching implications for society at large. As such, these were symbolically charged and value-laden stories. Through highlighting the coercive aspects of these stories, this thesis also argues that gossip provided urban communities with an opportunity to voice collective concerns and protect community values by unmasking hidden threats, and control or stigmatise transgressors.

Albert Reiss, from his sociological approach to the study of urban communities defines four “formative” characteristics of cities: inventive capacity and faculty creator of technology, science and art; the presence of agricultural activities and non-agricultural oc-cupations; the complexity of the division of labour; and the size and density of the popu-lated area. The first of these characteristics has points in common with the relationship scheme proposed by Rich Gold which represents the relationship between art, design, technology and science.In this context, this paper aims to find points of similarity in the visions of both authors, to establish how the context, the creative process and the transfer of knowledge have in-fluenced the way in which cities are transformed, under the hypothesis that precisely cities can be interpreted as the practical-social environment in which a good part of the creative act of the human being takes place., Albert Reiss, desde su enfoque sociológico respecto al estudio de las comunidades urbanas define cuatro características “formativas” de las urbes: la capacidad inventiva y la facultad creadora de la tecnología, la ciencia y el arte; la presencia de actividades agrícolas y ocupaciones no agrícolas; la complejidad de la división del trabajo; y el tamaño y la densidad del área poblada. La primera de estas características presenta puntos en común con el esquema de relación propuesto por Rich Gold el cual representa la relación entre arte, diseño, tecnología y ciencia. En este contexto, el presente escrito pretende encontrar puntos de similitud en las visiones de ambos autores, para establecer cómo el contexto, el proceso creativo y la transferencia de conocimientos han influenciado en la manera en que se transforman las ciudades, bajo la hipótesis de que precisamente las urbes pueden ser interpretadas como el entorno práctico-social en el cual se desarrolla buena parte del acto creativo del ser humano, Albert Reiss, a partir da sua abordagem sociológica ao estudo das comunidades urbanas, define quatro características “formativas” das urbes: a capacidade inventiva e a faculdade criativa da tecnologia, ciência e arte; a presença de atividades agrícolas e ocu-pações não agrícolas; a complexidade da divisão do trabalho; e o tamanho e densidade da área povoada. A primeira dessas características tem pontos em comum com o esquema de relação proposto pela Rich Gold, que mostra a relação entre arte, design, tecnologia e ciên-cia. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho visa encontrar pontos de semelhança nas visões de ambos autores, estabelecer como o contexto, o processo criativo e a transferência de conhecimento influenciaram a forma como as cidades são transformadas, sob a hipótese de que precisamente as cidades podem ser interpretadas como o ambiente prático-social no qual se desenvolve boa parte do ato criativo do ser humano.

Purpose:This paper examines the influence of the Tarekat Tijaniyah on its adherents' spiritual development and work ethic. Methodology:The type of research used is qualitative research with a case study approach: the tarekat Tijaniyah in Mampang Prapatan, South Jakarta. The primary data sources in this study are the results of observation and interview data obtained from the objects and research subjects. The secondary data source is literature related to the tasawuf and tarekat, obtained from books and scientific research results. The data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. Findings:The study results show that the tarekat has influenced the changes in its congregation in terms of its spiritual and work ethic. The tarekat has become a driving force for social behavior changes, a mindset in the meaningfulness of life, and an increase in obedience and sincerity in worship.

The article analyzes the role of the equity factor in the consolidation of urban communities. The consolidation of the population is considered a way to achieve its stability. Social consolidation is discussed as an ambiguous concept that characterizes the process and outcome of an agreement between different communities on the basis of the unity of values and interests and the establishment of relations of mutual trust and solidarity, in order to achieve common goals. The results of the research have shown that justice is not only the dominant value of urban residents but becomes a factor that determines many daily practices of the population. As a conclusion it has empirically confirmed that, if there are significant discrepancies regarding the understanding of social justice by the inhabitants of the city and their lack of conviction in the practical implementation of this principle, consolidation remains only an illusory opportunity. Therefore, the consistent implementation of the principle of justice and the search for social consensus among various segments of the population are strategic priorities for the development of urban communities around the world., El artículo analiza el papel del factor de equidad en la consolidación de las comunidades urbanas. La consolidación de la población, se considera una vía para alcanzar su estabilidad. Se discute la consolidación social como un concepto ambiguo que caracteriza el proceso y el resultado de un acuerdo entre diferentes comunidades sobre la base de la unidad de valores e intereses y el establecimiento de relaciones de confianza mutua y solidaridad, con el fin de lograr objetivos comunes. Los resultados de la investigación han demostrado que la justicia no es solo el valor dominante de los residentes urbanos, sino que se convierte en un factor que determina muchas prácticas cotidianas de la población. Como conclusión se ha confirmado empíricamente que, siempre que existan discrepancias significativas con respecto a la comprensión de la justicia social por parte de los habitantes de la ciudad y su falta de convicción en la implementación práctica de este principio, la consolidación sigue siendo solo una oportunidad ilusoria. Por lo tanto, la implementación consistente del principio de justicia y la búsqueda del consenso social entre diversos segmentos de la población son prioridades estratégicas para el desarrollo de las comunidades urbanas en todo el mundo.

В статье анализируется урбанистическое сообщество Омска, целью которого является решение вопросов благоустройства, а ценностями выступает формирование гражданской культуры., The article analyzes the urban community of Omsk, the purpose of which is to solve the problems of improvement, and the values are the formation of a civic culture.

Vertical schools, relatively new to Australia, are responding to increasing student numbers in central suburbs with limited available land. School facilities and spaces for drama, music, exercise, socialising, craft, play and eating are typically located for potential community use. The analysis within this paper focuses on the traces of community connections that can be discovered from visual analysis of plans and occupied buildings. We compare emerging Australian vertical schools with European precedents. How and why are communities using school spaces? What community spaces do students use and what are their adjacencies with school uses? What are the private, privileged and public spaces of vertical schools? Which schools operate as gated communities and how do the more porous examples address the safety of children? We consider northern European examples where vertical schools have had a longer history. Examples include the influential Danish Hellerup School, Ørestad Gymnasium, Sydhavnen School, the Finnish Saunalahti School and the Swedish Barkaby School. This forms part of a larger analysis of vertical schools in Australia and overseas the authors are proposing to undertake.

A successful community risk management experience is presented as part of neighborhood social construction, avoiding the conflict generated by the application of normative guidelines for the territorial ordering of Medellín (Colombia), and the adverse geomorphological conditions of a hillside context. For this, an action research methodology was applied, structured from participatory popular education scenarios with a neighborhood community: El Pacífico, located in the upper part of Comuna 8, on the northeast slope of Medellín. Based on this proposal, a community risk management and disaster prevention plan was formulated, contemplating the identification of socio territorial threats, risk reduction measures, and a programmatic component. Taking these results as a reference, we discuss the implications of community risk management and its ability to reduce the gap in socio-spatial inequities. In conclusion, community disaster risk management, combined with popular education practices and interaction between academia, the community, social organizations, and government institutions, can serve as a key practice for the realization of spatial and environmental justice in the city of Medellín., El artículo presenta una experiencia de gestión comunitaria del riesgo como parte de la construcción social barrial, sorteando el conflicto generado por la aplicación de lineamientos normativos para el ordenamiento territorial de Medellín (Colombia) y las condiciones geomorfológicas adversas de un contexto de ladera. Para esto, se aplicó una metodología de investigación-acción, estructurada desde escenarios participativos de educación popular con una comunidad barrial: El Pacífico, ubicado en la parte alta de la Comuna 8, ladera nororiental de Medellín. A partir de esta propuesta, se formuló un plan de gestión comunitaria del riesgo y prevención de desastres, contemplando la identificación de amenazas de orden socioterritorial, medidas de reducción de riesgo y un componente programático. Tomando estos resultados como referencia, se discuten las implicaciones de la gestión comunitaria de riesgos y su capacidad para reducir la brecha de las inequidades socioespaciales. Se concluye que la gestión comunitaria de riesgo de desastres, conjugada con la educación popular y la interacción entre academia, comunidad, organizaciones sociales e instituciones gubernamentales, puede fungir como práctica clave para la materialización de la justicia espacial y ambiental de la ciudad de Medellín., Une expérience réussie de gestion des risques communautaires est présentée dans le cadre de la construction sociale du quartier, évitant le conflit généré par l'application de directives normatives pour l'ordre territorial de Medellín (Colombie), et les conditions géomorphologiques défavorables d'un contexte à flanc de colline. Pour cela, une méthodologie de recherche-action a été appliquée, structurée à partir de scénarios d'éducation populaire participative avec une communauté de quartier : El Pacífico, situé dans la partie supérieure de Comuna 8, sur le versant nord-est de Medellín. Sur la base de cette proposition, un plan communautaire de gestion des risques et de prévention des catastrophes a été élaboré, envisageant l'identification des menaces socio-territoriales, des mesures de réduction des risques et une composante programmatique. En prenant ces résultats comme référence, nous discutons des implications de la gestion communautaire des risques et de sa capacité à réduire l'écart dans les inégalités socio-spatiales. En conclusion, la gestion communautaire des risques de catastrophe, combinée aux pratiques d'éducation populaire et à l'interaction entre le monde universitaire, la communauté, les organisations sociales et les institutions gouvernementales, peut servir de pratique clé pour la réalisation de la justice spatiale et environnementale dans la ville de Medellín., Uma experiência bem-sucedida de gerenciamento de risco comunitário é apresentada como parte da construção social do bairro, evitando o conflito gerado pela aplicação de diretrizes normativas para a ordenação territorial de Medellín (Colômbia) e as condições geomorfológicas adversas de um contexto de encosta. Para isso, foi aplicada uma metodologia de pesquisa-ação, estruturada a partir de cenários participativos de educação popular com uma comunidade do bairro: El Pacífico, localizado na parte superior da Comuna 8, na encosta nordeste de Medellín. Com base nessa proposta, foi formulado um plano comunitário de gerenciamento de riscos e prevenção de desastres, contemplando a identificação de ameaças sócio-territoriais, medidas de redução de riscos e um componente programático. Tomando esses resultados como referência, discutimos as implicações do gerenciamento de riscos da comunidade e sua capacidade de reduzir a lacuna nas desigualdades socioespaciais. Em conclusão, o gerenciamento de risco de desastre da comunidade, combinado com práticas de educação popular e interação entre a academia, a comunidade, organizações sociais e instituições governamentais, pode servir como uma prática fundamental para a realização da justiça espacial e ambiental na cidade de Medellín.

The contribution offers a new perspective on the topic of narratives, settling links between the city, cognitive theories and the history of Architecture. As it has been neglected from a historical perspective, the power of narratives in architecture is being investigated at its most intimate roots. The paper succeeds in this work by drawing on the theories of cognitive and semiotic psychology, shedding light on architecture through its users. The individual in society, its construction, and most intimate contamination are intrinsically linked to the milieu of his/her own communities, in a continuous interaction between actions and habits, between phenomena and consolidated, stored narratives. A new space for architecture emerges. A space that not only supports as a shelter but also influences these habits, actively participating in the urban storytelling training process. Thus, as part of a whole, the architect finds his own place in contemporary cultural narratives, abandoning the deterministic idea of a ‘creator’ capable of harnessing and synthesizing the city by parameters. The search for the join between language and architecture is then investigated in selected episodes of architecture history, highlighting the presence of this relationship that has been disregarded by modernity. Author’s conclusions claim a return of the language as the cultural territory on which settling new implications of architecture. Beyond its ethical dimension, beyond the sole expressive capacity of its forms, architecture can become contemporary as it rediscovers the power of its language.

In recent years, researchers and practioners have paid increasing attention to the field of food, nutrition, sustainability, innovative and traditional productivity, and how they affect communities. The present paper analyses the contemporary literature and aims to explore the current situation in Europe. In this study, three european experiences of social innovation in food production and consumption are analysed and compared. The article presents a review of these studies and shows risks, limits, and opportunities. The results reveal that new urban communities can be the engine of creative food cycles and local development. In conclusion, this study represents a contribution to the existing body of knowledge and presents implications of the results and possible future research directions.

A successful community risk management experience is presented as part of neighborhood social construction, avoiding the conflict generated by the application of nor-mative guidelines for the territorial ordering of Medellín (Colombia), and the adverse geomorphological conditions of a hillside context. For this, an action research methodolo-gy was applied, structured from participatory popular edu-cation scenarios with a neighborhood community: El Pacífi-co, located in the upper part of Comuna 8, on the northeast slope of Medellín. Based on this proposal, a community risk management and disaster prevention plan was formulated, contemplating the identification of socio-territorial threats, risk reduction measures, and a programmatic component. Taking these results as a reference, we discuss the implica-tions of community risk management and its ability to re-duce the gap in socio-spatial inequities. In conclusion, com-munity disaster risk management, combined with popular education practices and interaction between academia, the community, social organizations, and government institu-tions, can serve as a key practice for the realization of spatial and environmental justice in the city of Medellín., Uma experiência bem-sucedida de gerenciamento de risco comunitário é apresentada como parte da construção social do bairro, evitando o conflito gerado pela aplicação de dire-trizes normativas para a ordenação territorial de Medellín (Colômbia) e as condições geomorfológicas adversas de um contexto de encosta. Para isso, foi aplicada uma metodolo-gia de pesquisa-ação, estruturada a partir de cenários par-ticipativos de educação popular com uma comunidade do bairro: El Pacífico, localizado na parte superior da Comuna 8, na encosta nordeste de Medellín. Com base nessa propos-ta, foi formulado um plano comunitário de gerenciamento de riscos e prevenção de desastres, contemplando a identi-ficação de ameaças sócio-territoriais, medidas de redução de riscos e um componente programático. Tomando esses resultados como referência, discutimos as implicações do gerenciamento de riscos da comunidade e sua capacidade de reduzir a lacuna nas desigualdades socioespaciais. Em conclusão, o gerenciamento de risco de desastre da comu-nidade, combinado com práticas de educação popular e interação entre a academia, a comunidade, organizações so-ciais e instituições governamentais, pode servir como uma prática fundamental para a realização da justiça espacial e ambiental na cidade de Medellín., El artículo presenta una experiencia de gestión comunitaria del riesgo como parte de la construcción social barrial, sorteando el conflicto generado por la aplicación de lineamientos normativos para el ordenamiento territorial de Medellín (Colombia) y las condiciones geomorfológicas adversas de un contexto de ladera. Para esto, se aplicó una metodología de investigación-acción, estructurada desde escenarios participativos de educación popular con una comunidad barrial: El Pacífico, ubicado en la parte alta de la Comuna 8, ladera nororiental de Medellín. A partir de esta propuesta, se formuló un plan de gestión comunitaria del riesgo y prevención de desastres, con-templando la identificación de amenazas de orden socioterritorial, medidas de reducción de riesgo y un componente programático. Tomando estos resulta-dos como referencia, se discuten las implicaciones de la gestión comunitaria de riesgos y su capacidad para reducir la brecha de las inequidades socioespaciales. Se concluye que la gestión comunitaria de riesgo de desastres, conjugada con la educación popular y la interacción entre academia, comunidad, organizaciones sociales e instituciones gubernamentales, puede fun-gir como práctica clave para la materialización de la justicia espacial y ambiental de la ciudad de

Статья посвящена анализу методов обращения с органическими отходами в городе, определяются зоны концентрации органических отходов, возможные пути их утилизации и социальные связи, которые способствуют альтернативной и неформальной передаче органики домашних хозяйств в различные локации их переработки. Анализируется социальная сеть «ВКонтакте» на предмет активности людей, занимающихся биошерингом как безвозмездным обменом органикой. The article is devoted to the analysis of methods of organic waste management in the city, the zones of concentration of organic waste, possible ways of their utilization and social relations that contribute to the alternative and informal transfer of organic households in different locations of their processing are determined. Analyzed social network Vkontakte on the subject of the activity of people involved in biosharing as a gratuitous exchange of organic matter.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan aspek yang ditemukan dalam novel Tempat Terbaik di Dunia diantaranya yaitu aspek ekonomi, politik, kependudukan, kemiskinan, agama, pelacuran, kebudayaan juga bencana. Metode yang digunakan strukturalisme genetic yaitu teori yang memadukan antara struktur teks, konteks sosial, dan pandangan dunia pengarang. Hasilnya masyarakat perkotaan yang terlihat maju dan berpendidikan dengan teknologi mutakhir ternyata tidak selaras dengan apa yang dirasakan masyarakat Bantaran Kali. Banyak konflik yang dihadapi oleh semua warga di Bantaran Kali.Kata Kunci: Sastra, Masyarakat Perkotaan, Tempat Terbaik di DuniaThis article aims to show the aspects found in the novel Tempat Terbaik di Dunia including the aspects of economy, politics, population, poverty, religion, etc. The method used is genetic structuralism which is a theory that combines text structure, social context, and the worldview of the author. As a result, urban communities that look advanced and educated with the latest technology are not in harmony with what the Bantaran Kali community feels.

This paper describes the use of Robert Landy’s role theory and Role Method for elementary-aged youth in urban communities. Material is presented with discussion on the needs of young people, or individuals under the age of 18, in urban communities. This research examines current literature using current drama therapeutic methods with young people and the theoretical and methodological foundations in Landy’s role theory and Role Method. This paper uses a critical theory lens to critique current practices as well as examining current American Psychological Association’s (APA) code of ethics; and the North American Drama Therapy Association’s (NADTA) code of ethics, diversity mission, and guidelines on cultural responsiveness.

From the mid-nineteenth century and onwards, debates on urban public services became an integral part of municipal politics in Nordic towns. The industrial revolution came late in Nordic countries and the problem of how to integrate immigrants and factory workers into existing networks became paramount at the end of the century. This paper will discuss how municipal bodies tackled the problem of making the city accessible to new groups in the urban landscape. New forms of infrastructure had been introduced by private initiative: water, gas, electricity, tramways etc. In city councils and popular press, proponents of equal access argued that such services should be controlled and provided by municipal bodies. Their adversaries claimed that business operations were better run by private companies, and that municipal takeovers would only mean a larger burden for the tax-payers. The debates on how to improve and extend the reach of public services articulated new notions of community. The daily lives of women, children and the urban poor became a contested issue, and a new field for political solutions. Eventually, a future-oriented discourse became dominant where the solutions for today were expected to solve the problems of tomorrow as well., Egenintresset och det gemensamma bästa

In 1994 the South African democratically elected government inherited one of the most inequitable access to basic service between rural and urban communities. Rural people used to live without access to basic services such as water, electricity, roads and sanitation facilities. South African government established the Municipal Infrastructure Investment Framework as the national Strategic Plan to outline the extent of basic infrastructure backlogs and to come up with strategies to improve basic service provision to the poor citizens. The Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) is a municipal infrastructure funding which combines all the existing capital grants for municipal infrastructure into a single consolidated grant. MIG is aimed at assisting the poor to gain access to infrastructure. MIG funding can only be used for infrastructure for basic services. Polokwane local municipality and Blouberg local municipality are the beneficiaries of MIG. The purpose of the study was to investigate the causes of unspent Municipal Infrastructure Grants in Polokwane and Blouberg local municipalities. An extensive literature review has been undertaken to gather information regarding unspent Municipal Infrastructure Grants in the two municipalities in the Capricorn District; Polokwane and Blouberg local municipalities. The study provides an investigation on how Polokwane and Blouberg local municipalities monitor the Municipal Infrastructure funding. The study further investigate the capacity of the municipalities to implement MIG, and whether these municipalities have the capacity to effectively utilise the MIG for efficient and effective service delivery. The researcher utilised a qualitative approach to collect data through interview schedule. A satisfactory response rate of 98% was obtained. The results indicated that Polokwane and Blouberg local municipalities are capacitated to implement and to monitor MIG. However, the municipalities often spend less than the budgeted MIG, as

The end of civil war does not equal the end of violence. Many post-war societies struggle with anoutburst of criminal violence in major cities, after armed conflicts have officially ended in peaceagreements. Crime control programs are a response to reduce criminal violence, but vary greatly interms of level of implementation, approach, and success. This study explores why some of thosecriminal violence control programs are successful in reducing violence, whereas others are not.Deriving from a theoretical framework of urban crime prevention, it is argued that a multi-sectoralcontrol program, targeting social and situational causes of crime, is more successful in reducingviolence in post-war urban communities than a single sector approach. Through a structuredfocused comparison, this hypothesis is tested on three urban communities in post-apartheid SouthAfrica, where high levels of criminal violence were addressed by three different types of crimecontrol. The results show that only the multi-sectoral approach correlates with a reduction ofcriminal violence levels. While the type of control program seems to impact the level of success,there are various other explanatory factors that correlate with a successful reduction of crime, suchas community participation and effective partnerships.

In response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the United Arab Emirates’ long-term vision for cities that provide successful and comfortable sustainable living, it is essential to study and explore strategies that enhance outdoor thermal comfort and indoor energy consumption that meets environmental, social and economic sustainability goals. The case study for this research, the Dubai Sustainable City residential cluster, which is the first development of its type and which complies with Dubai’s green building code, was chosen because it contains five clusters typical in their design and content. The software simulation analysis method was used to conduct the research, which involved using ENVI-met to build a virtual model representing the base existing case after collecting weather data from a site visit on 23 June and from records held by the National Centre of Meteorology. This model was used to evaluate the thermal behaviour of outdoor urban spaces in four phases. In the fifth phase, indoor energy was studied through simulation by using Design Builder to create a virtual model of the architectural units that were the subject of the study. The findings indicate that the layout orientation of the master plan has a significant effect on air temperature, wind speed and wind distribution within the site. Wind speed and distribution further affect the relative humidity of outdoor areas and influence user satisfaction. Moreover, courtyard design impacts air distribution and air temperature, which is connected to predicted mean vote values, and green coverage percentage in the courtyard impacts microclimate variables, as it reduces air temperature by increasing relative humidity to a moderate level. Finally, all previous enhancements applied to the outdoor thermal comfort variable affects the indoor total energy consumption, as it reduces the energy load needed to mitigate the outdoor environment.

ABSTRAKKata kunci: Pola Sosial, Masyarakat PerkotaanPenelitian ini membahas tentang: Pola Interaksi Sosial dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Perkotaan di Gampong Keudah Depan. Latar belakang penulisan skripsi ini adalah mengangkat masalah apakah pola interaksi sosial dalam kehidupan masyarakat perkotaan sangat individual serta kurangnya tegursapa merupakan penyebab timbulnya kurang kepedulian dalam kehidupan masyarakat perkotaan di gampong keudah depan banda aceh. Yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana pola interaksi sosial yang terjadi selama ini dalam kehidupan masyarakat perkotaan di Gampong Keudah Depan Banda Aceh, (2) Apa faktor pendukung terjadinya pola interaksi sosial dalam kehidupan masyarakat perkotaan di Gampong Keudah Depan Banda Aceh, (3) kendala apa saja yang muncul dalam membentuk interaksi sosial pada kehidupan masyarakat perkotaan di Gampong Keudah Depan Banda Aceh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mengetahui pola interaksi sosial yang terjadi selama ini dalam kehidupan masyarakat perkotaan di Gampong Keudah Depan Banda Aceh. (2) Untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung terjadinya pola interaksi sosial dalam kehidupan masyarakat perkotaan di Gampong Keudah Depan Banda Aceh. (3) Untuk mengetahui kendala apa saja yang muncul dalam membentuk interaksi sosial pada kehidupan masyarakat perkotaan di Gampong Keudah Depan Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, pengamatan, dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 6 suku dan 30 orang masyarakat di Gampong Keudah Depan Banda Aceh. Teknik pengolahan data secara deskriptif kualitatif dan menganalisis data menggunakan analisis naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sangat individual dalam kehidupan masyarakat perkotaan. Adapun pola interaksi sosial kurangnya tegursapa, merupakan sebagian besar penyebab terjadinya kurang kepedulian dalam kehidupan masya, Banda Aceh

As of 2008 more than half the world’s population was living in urban areas and that trend is expected to continue. Satisfying and sustainable design is now a top priority for urban and community planners. While much of the current discourse and research is centered on large-scale sustainable technological development projects such as low carbon impact housing and transportation, many studies and projects place their emphasis on the importance of smaller-scale self-regulating and participatory communities and the acquisition and development of different forms of community capital, i.e. human, social, cultural, natural, structural and economic. Some concentrate on design function and usability. Others focus on and call for the slowing down of our current pace of production and consumption as a pathway towards satisfying and sustainable urban life. This work takes a trans-disciplinary approach in exploring the alternative community of Christiania in Copenhagen, Denmark, and situating it within the current sustainable urban community development discourse. This city within a city populated by close to one thousand “activists, artists, academics, criminals and all around black sheep,” while not without its share of difficulties and challenges, offers a fascinating glimpse of how alternative visions of satisfying and sustainable community and society can be successfully incorporated into a modern urban context.

The aim of this article is to relate the jurisdictional and political systematization of the Portuguese urban world in the late Middle Ages with the type, form, motivation and likelihood of outbreaks of violence. Our main purpose is to state the mechanisms developed by the public institutions (namely the crown and the municipalities) in order to subject urban communities in what conflictive relationships are concerned. This is a case study based on three councils -concelhos- (locally organized communities)., Este artículo trata de combinar la lectura jurisdiccional y política del mundo urbano portugués en la Baja Edad Media portuguesa con el tipo, la forma, el motivo y la oportunidad para el surgimiento de la violencia. En última instancia, nos proponemos reflexionar sobre los mecanismos utilizados por los poderes públicos (en particular, la corona y los concejos) para integrar a las comunidades urbanas en relación con la normalización de las relaciones de convivencia conflictivas. El estudio se limita a tres concejos.

WITHOUT A PERSONAL connection, scientists, researchers, and those who set public policy rarely know the stories of those who are convicted of felony crimes and sentenced to prison: how they came to be convicted, whom they left behind, and what they went home to once released. But the consequences of their imprisonment—social, economic, political, and personal—are evidenced daily in every major city, suburban town, and rural hamlet. We aim to reframe the growth of the prison industrial complex and the war on drugs from the perspective of those incarcerated for nonviolent, drug-related crimes. By framing the issue this way, we . . .

Public discourse constructs community activists as symbols of justice. Feisty and persistent "warriors" form committees, hold meetings, and stage demonstrations. Similarly, activists' communities are often portrayed in the mass media and academic research as united in solidarity fighting for common causes. Complicating the discursive conceptualization of activism, this dissertation examines a form of political activism called urban community gardening. Based on a three-year qualitative study of an urban community garden in a mid-size city in upstate New York, it explores how women community gardeners make sense of their participation in community gardening. I argue that the community garden, intended to be a space oppositional to the status quo, becomes a paradoxical space where people find that intertwined in their efforts for social change are internal struggles. Thus, how they maneuver their positions in relation to each other in their joint pursuit for the betterment of their life is integral to social change work. In other words, emancipatory efforts with a potential to build a less unequal society do not automatically fit themselves into an egalitarian space where people are able to forge affiliation. I use the word, struggle, to depict the everyday activism of community gardening. That is, these women gardeners are struggling against forms of power that structure the community as run-down and in need of attention. Simultaneously, the process of community building itself by a group of people with various social positions requires arduous efforts to maintain their liberatory goals. Often when talking about reform initiatives, we tend to down play differences among members and emphasize "unity." This tendency speaks of a dominant perception that regards control and order as a prerequisite for progress. As such, the negotiation and confrontations, essential to the democratic struggle for betterment, are repressed and stigmatized. Political activism should not be

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Rochester. Warner School of Education, 2017., Although family engagement has long been associated with positive outcomes, it is not easy to establish, particularly in urban classrooms. Teachers whose ethnic and social-economic statuses differ from that of the typical urban family may be unaware of how to build and sustain those relationships. When teachers do attempt to involve families, it is frequently in a unidirectional approach that often is not effective in urban communities nor meaningful to urban families. Using action research this study addresses the question how does the co-construction of literacy bags during kindergarten (1) facilitate family/school engagement among urban, culturally diverse parents and (2) support their children’s emergent literacy? Epstein’s theoretical framework of over lapping spheres and methods of family involvement guides our understanding of this phenomenon. This research began by building relationships with seven urban, kindergarten student families through a series of four family/school workshops. Workshops created an environment where families and teachers co-created literacy bags. Literacy bags were the vehicle whereby bidirectional communication supported and strengthened home-school connections. Literacy based activities within individual literacy bags were based on home practices and shared expertise (parent to parent, parent to teacher). Data gathered from workshops and meetings revealed four emerging themes: making it work, distributed expertise, connecting home and school, and more than just literacy. This study provides meaningful information into how families and teachers can work together, in a bidirectional and collaborative approach, to enrich the children’s literacy development of urban, low socio-economic status kindergarten students.