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Background: Current proposed criteria for functional cognitive disorder (FCD) have not been externally validated. We sought to analyse the current perspectives of cognitive specialists in the diagnosis and management of FCD in comparison with neurodegenerative conditions. Methods: International experts in cognitive disorders were invited to assess seven illustrative clinical vignettes containing history and bedside characteristics alone. Participants assigned a probable diagnosis and selected the appropriate investigation and treatment. Qualitative, quantitative and inter-rater agreement analyses were undertaken. Results: Eighteen diagnostic terminologies were assigned by 45 cognitive experts from 12 countries with a median of 13 years of experience, across the seven scenarios. Accurate discrimination between FCD and neurodegeneration was observed, independently of background and years of experience: 100% of the neurodegenerative vignettes were correctly classified and 75%–88% of the FCD diagnoses were attributed to non-neurodegenerative causes. There was <50% agreement in the terminology used for FCD, in comparison with 87%–92% agreement for neurodegenerative syndromes. Blood tests and neuropsychological evaluation were the leading diagnostic modalities for FCD. Diagnostic communication, psychotherapy and psychiatry referral were the main suggested management strategies in FCD. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of distinguishing between FCD and neurodegeneration based on relevant patient characteristics and history details. These characteristics need further validation and operationalisation. Heterogeneous labelling and framing pose clinical and research challenges reflecting a lack of agreement in the field. Careful consideration of FCD diagnosis is advised, particularly in the presence of comorbidities. This study informs future research on diagnostic tools and evidence-based interventions.

Razvoj medicine produžio je ljudski životni vijek, ali povećanjem udjela starog stanovništva raste i incidencija neurodegenerativnih bolesti kao što je Alzheimerova bolest. Donedavno je jedina opcija za liječenje Alzheimerove bolesti bila simptomatska terapija u obliku inhibitora kolinesteraze (rivastigmin, donepezil, galantamin) ili antagonista NMDA receptora (memantin). Pokušaji pronalaska potencijalne terapije koja ne ublažava samo kliničku sliku, već može i usporiti ili potpuno zaustaviti progresiju neurološkog i kognitivnog propadanja, usmjereni su na dvije osnovne morfološke karakteristike bolesti – amiloidne plakove i hiperfosforilirane tau neurofibrilarne snopiće, zbog čega se naziva antiamiloidnom i antitau terapijom. Taj se terapijski pristup temelji na inhibiciji sinteze beta-amiloida ili proteina tau, sprječavanju njihova taloženja u agregate ili uklanjanju nastalih patoloških oblika primjenom specifičnih protutijela. Jedan takav lijek, aducunumab (originalno ime Aduhelm), nedavno je odobrio FDA za liječenje blage Alzheimerove bolesti., The developments in the field of medicine have led to an increase in human lifespan, but with it comes the growth of older population which is followed by an increase in incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Until recently, the only available therapy for Alzheimer’s disease was symptomatic in nature, such as the cholinesteraze inhibitors (rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine) and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. Current attempts to find the potential disease-modifying therapy are targeting two typical morphological features of the disease, amyloid plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles, which is why they are classified as anti-amyloid and anti-tau therapy. This approach is based on inhibition of beta-amyloid or tau protein synthesis, prevention of their aggregation or promotion of their clearence through use of specific antibodies. One such drug, aducunumab (brand name Aduhelm), has recently been approved by the FDA for treatment of mild Alzheimer’s disease.

This work critically examines some epistemological problems of the institutionalized public knowledge of Serbian lingustics and the knowledge of the opposed groups of social and feminist linguists. It also provides attention to some relevant studies of feminine derivational sufixes in the Serbo-Croatian and Croatian language. Under consideration are some crucial methodological issues such as supporting a claim, reliability of evidence, presenting disagreement among sources, and research ethos. The research contributes to the fuller understanding of the problem of social femininatives and to enlarging the types of reference sources. It suggests the need of thorough diachronic and interdisciplinary research which would look at different centuries and show the correlation between macsculine and feminine sufixes, the chronological activisation and geographical distribution of social femininatives, their productivity, archaization and extinction, as well as the newest proposals., This work critically examines some epistemological problems of the institutionalized public knowledge of Serbian lingustics and the knowledge of the opposed groups of social and feminist linguists. It also provides attention to some relevant studies of feminine derivational sufixes in the Serbo-Croatian and Croatian language. Under consideration are some crucial methodological issues such as supporting a claim, reliability of evidence, presenting disagreement among sources, and research ethos. The research contributes to the fuller understanding of the problem of social femininatives and to enlarging the types of reference sources. It suggests the need of thorough diachronic and interdisciplinary research which would look at different centuries and show the correlation between macsculine and feminine sufixes, the chronological activisation and geographical distribution of social femininatives, their productivity, archaization and extinction, as well as the newest proposals.

Archives are important places for researching and reconstructing the past, they lead to discoveries, and they can refute dominant stereotypes. Despite that fact, Serbian feminist scholars have neglected archival research of women writers. In this paper the author points out to resistance of the main Serbian institutions to digitalize archival sources of women writers and indicates some consequences of contemporary feminists’ stance to historical sources. The author directs attention to some important but ignored examples of archival materials in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since they offer informative, significant, and complex account on the past, they can help reconstruct of the South Slavic culture and establish the importance of women writers. Keywords

Archives are important places for researching and reconstructing the past, they lead to discoveries, and they can refute dominant stereotypes. Despite that fact, Serbian feminist scholars have neglected archival research of women writers. In this paper the author points out to resistance of the main Serbian institutions to digitalize archival sources of women writers and indicates some consequences of contemporary feminists’ stance to historical sources. The author directs attention to some important but ignored examples of archival materials in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since they offer informative, significant, and complex account on the past, they can help reconstruct of the South Slavic culture and establish the importance of women writers. Keywords, Archives are important places for researching and reconstructing the past, they lead to discoveries, and they can refute dominant stereotypes. Despite that fact, Serbian feminist scholars have neglected archival research of women writers. In this paper the author points out to resistance of the main Serbian institutions to digitalize archival sources of women writers and indicates some consequences of contemporary feminists’ stance to historical sources. The author directs attention to some important but ignored examples of archival materials in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since they offer informative, significant, and complex account on the past, they can help reconstruct of the South Slavic culture and establish the importance of women writers. Keywords