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In recent years, psychedelics have garnered significant interest as therapeutic agents for treating diverse neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the potential for these compounds to produce developmental neurotoxicity has not been rigorously assessed, and much of the available safety data is based on epidemiological studies with limited experimental testing in laboratory animal models. Moreover, the experimental safety data available thus far have focused on adult organisms, and the few studies conducted using developing organisms have tested a limited number of compounds, precluding direct comparisons between various chemical scaffolds. In the present study, 13 psychoactive compounds of different chemical or pharmacological classes were screened in a larval zebrafish model for teratological and behavioral abnormalities following acute and chronic developmental exposures. We found that the psychedelic tryptamines and ketamine were less neurotoxic to larval zebrafish than LSD and psychostimulants. Our work, which leverages the advantage of using zebrafish for higher throughput toxicity screening, provides a robust reference database for comparing the neurotoxicity profiles of novel psychedelics currently under development for therapeutic applications.

This essay deals with the work carried out by Miguel Rojas Mix in América Imaginaria on the construction of the fantastic image of America and its inhabitants in Europe at the time of the conquest and colonization of the New World. First, the author’s thesis on the imaginary is reviewed, where the function of the image is understood concerning the construction of the identity of the other after the supposed arrival of Columbus to the West Indies. Continue, secondly, the analysis of the images of the monster in the teratology of the sixteenth century is carried out to understand its key role in the dehumanization of the other. Thirdly, the advances in cartography are described in parallel with the projection of the fantastic image of the territory of America, understood as the continuation of teratology by other means, as a way of consolidating the conquest and exploitation of the lands claimed for itself by the Crown of Castile, as well as by other European powers. The relevance of this review is to evaluate, based on the atlas proposed by Rojas-Mix, the survival of the pre-scientific imaginary in the construction of the image of the colonized other in America up to the present day., El presente ensayo aborda el trabajo realizado por Miguel Rojas Mix en América Imaginaria en torno a la construcción de la imagen fantástica de América y sus habitantes en Europa en tiempos de la conquista y colonización del Nuevo Mundo. En primer lugar, se revisan las tesis del autor sobre el imaginario, donde se comprende la función de la imagen en relación con la construcción de la identidad del otro tras el supuesto arribo de Colón a las Indias occidentales. Para continuar, en segundo lugar, se lleva a cabo el análisis de las imágenes del monstruo en la teratología del siglo XVI para comprender su rol clave en la deshumanización del otro. En tercer lugar, se describen los avances de la cartografía en paralelo con la proyección de la imagen fantástica del territorio de América, entendida como la continuación de la teratología por otros medios, como un modo de afianzar la conquista y explotación de las tierras que reclama para sí la Corona de Castilla, así como otras potencias europeas. La relevancia de esta revisión se cifra en evaluar, a partir del atlas que propone Rojas-Mix, la pervivencia del imaginario precientífico en la construcción de la imagen del otro colonizado en América hasta nuestros días.

Background: Phthalates are endocrine disrupters used in a variety of consumer products. Human studies suggest an association between phthalate exposure and cognitive development but adverse effects of the recently introduced phthalate substitutes have only been sparsely studied.Objectives: To investigate associations between prenatal and concurrent exposure to phthalates and IQ in 7-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort.Methods: Pregnant women from the Odense Child Cohort had phthalate metabolites measured in urine samples during 3rd trimester in 2010 to 2012. In addition, phthalates were also measured in urine samples from their offspring at age 7 years. IQ was assessed at age 7 years using four subtests from Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The total study population consisted of 585 mother-child pairs with available prenatal urinary phthalate metabolites concentrations and IQ data at age 7 years. A subset of those (N = 274) had urinary phthalate metabolites measured in child urine at age 7 years. Phthalate concentrations were grouped into tertiles and associations with IQ were investigated using multiple linear regression adjusting for sex, maternal education and maternal/child BMI.Results: Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations both in pregnant women and children were generally lower compared to previous cohorts. Children with high prenatal urinary concentrations of MEP and metabolites of DEHP (EDEHPm)(3rd tertile) had-3.1 (95% CI:-5.5,-0.6) (MEP) and -3.0 (-5.5,-0.6) (EDEHPm) IQ points at age 7 years compared to children with low concentrations (1st tertile). High concurrent urinary phthalate concentrations of MCPP, EDnHxPm, EDiDPm and EDiNPm in the 3rd tertile was associated with-3.7 (-7.2,-0.2),-4.4 (-7.9,-0.9),-3.7 (-7.2,-0.2) and -5.6 (-9.1,-2.2) IQ points, respectively, compared to those with the lowest concentrations (1st tertile).Conclusion: We found significant inverse associations between some prenatal and concurrent urinary p

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Background: Twelve separate streams of empirical data make a strong case for cannabis-induced accelerated aging including hormonal, mitochondriopathic, cardiovascular, hepatotoxic, immunological, genotoxic, epigenotoxic, disruption of chromosomal physiology, congenital anomalies, cancers including inheritable tumorigenesis, telomerase inhibition and elevated mortality. Methods: Results from a recently published longitudinal epigenomic screen were analyzed with regard to the results of recent large epidemiological studies of the causal impacts of cannabis. We also integrate theoretical syntheses with prior studies into these combined epigenomic and epidemiological results. Results: Cannabis dependence not only recapitulates many of the key features of aging, but is characterized by both age-defining and age-generating illnesses including immunomodulation, hepatic inflammation, many psychiatric syndromes with a neuroinflammatory basis, genotoxicity and epigenotoxicity. DNA breaks, chromosomal breakage-fusion-bridge morphologies and likely cycles, and altered intergenerational DNA methylation and disruption of both the histone and tubulin codes in the context of increased clinical congenital anomalies, cancers and heritable tumors imply widespread disruption of the genome and epigenome. Modern epigenomic clocks indicate that, in cannabis-dependent patients, cannabis advances cellular DNA methylation age by 25 – 30 % at age 30 years. Data have implications not only for somatic but also stem cell and germ line tissues including post-fertilization zygotes. This effect is likely increases with the square of chronological age. Conclusion: Recent epigenomic studies of cannabis exposure provide many explanations for the broad spectrum of cannabis-related teratogenicity and carcinogenicity and appear to account for many epidemiologically observed findings. Further research is indicated on the role of cannabinoids in the aging process both developmentally and longitudinally, fr

The emblematic tradition shows the vice by monstruous symbols. Emblem books usually use some teratology motifs to show how evil produces several deformations in society. It is an ancient, mythical and practical knowledge which is at the service of rulers. By means of this artistic pedagogy, virtues are taught through noble animals figures and, on the other hand, vices through monsters. In our Spanish Golden century, several authors of emblems represent vices by irrational creatures. In this way, they express the breach of the natural order and serious deformations which were introduced by the original sin into the creation., La tradición emblemática declara los vicios con símbolos monstruosos. Los emblemas usan con frecuencia motivos teratológicos para expresar las deformaciones producidas por el mal en el organismo social. Es un saber antiguo, mítico y práctico, al servicio de los gobernantes. Mediante esta plástica pedagogía se enseñan las virtudes a través de figuras de nobles animales y los vicios mediante representaciones de monstruos. En nuestro Siglo de Oro, numerosos autores representan los malos hábitos con imágenes de seres irracionales. En este sentido, exponen la caída del orden natural y los graves desórdenes que el pecado original produjo en la creación.

The end-Triassic mass extinction is often linked to environmental and climate change triggered by the activity of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province ca. 201 Mya. In the German Triassic Basin, the transition from pre-extinction to the so-called extinction interval is documented from the fossil-rich Contorta Beds to the mostly barren Triletes Beds. However, despite the lack of macrofossils, plant microfossils are present and studying palynomorph diversity and assemblages still give us a detailed insight into the impact of environmental changes on the flora. Here, we present data from 64 samples taken from the new Triassic-Jurassic section ‘Bonenburgʼ, which originates from a brick quarry in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), and encompasses the Triassic–Jurassic transition in the Germanic Basin. Using palynofacies analysis, we document changes in the depositional environment. Based on terrestrial and marine palynological analysis, we also document quantitative changes in four assemblage zones for correlation with other European sections. Further, we discuss the vegetation history with special focus on the transition from the pre-extinction to extinction interval (Contorta to Triletes Beds). Additionally, we investigate palynofloral diversity patterns especially prior to the Triassic-Jurassic transition, to evaluate the ecological impact of environmental upheaval on the flora. Furthermore, we document intraspecific palynomorph variability, indicating a variety of aberrant spore, pollen, and tetrad formation, in the middle Rhaetian, the lowermost upper Rhaetian, and the lowest Hettangian. Our study supports existing paleogeographical reconstructions for the region and reveals, that vegetation underwent gradual changes with intermediate successional stages rather than dramatic extinction or drastic turnover as documented for animals. Diversity patterns coinciding with aberrant palynomorph occurrences, potentially associated with episodes of increased environmental str

OBJECTIVES: Cannabis is a known teratogen. Data availability addressing both major congenital anomalies and cannabis use allowed us to explore their geospatial relationships. METHODS: Data for the years 1998 to 2009 from Canada Health and Statistics Canada was analyzed in R. Maps have been drawn and odds ratios, principal component analysis, correlation matrices, least squares regression and geospatial regression analyses have been conducted using the R packages base, dplyr, epiR, psych, ggplot2, colorplaner and the spml and spreml functions from package splm. RESULTS: Mapping showed cannabis use was more common in the northern Territories of Canada in the Second National Survey of Cannabis Use 2018. Total congenital anomalies, all cardiovascular defects, orofacial clefts, Downs syndrome and gastroschisis were all found to be more common in these same regions and rose as a function of cannabis exposure. When Canada was dichotomized into high and low cannabis use zones by Provinces v Territories the Territories had a higher rate of total congenital anomalies 450.026 v 390.413 (O.R. = 1.16 95%C.I. 1.08-1.25, P = 0.000058; attributable fraction in exposed 13.25%, 95%C.I. 7.04-19.04%). In geospatial analysis in a spreml spatial error model cannabis was significant both alone as a main effect (P < 2.0 × 10) and in all its first and second order interactions with both tobacco and opioids from P < 2.0 × 10. CONCLUSION: These results show that the northern Territories of Canada share a higher rate of cannabis use together with elevated rates of total congenital anomalies, all cardiovascular defects, Down's syndrome and gastroschisis. This is the second report of a significant association between cannabis use and both total defects and all cardiovascular anomalies and the fourth published report of a link with Downs syndrome and thereby direct major genotoxicity. The correlative relationships described in this paper are confounded by many features of social disadvantage in C

© 2020, The Author(s). Background: Whilst cannabis commercialization is occurring rapidly guided by highly individualistic public narratives, evidence that all congenital anomalies (CA) increase alongside cannabis use in Canada, a link with 21 CA’s in Hawaii, and rising CA’s in Colorado indicate that transgenerational effects can be significant and impact public health. It was therefore important to study Northern New South Wales (NNSW) where cannabis use is high. Methods: Design: Cohort. 2008–2015. Setting: NNSW and Queensland (QLD), Australia. Participants. Whole populations. Exposures. Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis. Source: National Drug Strategy Household Surveys 2010, 2013. Main Outcomes. CA Rates. NNSW-QLD comparisons. Geospatial and causal regression. Results: Cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal anomalies rose with falling tobacco and alcohol but rising cannabis use rates across Queensland. Maternal age NNSW-QLD was not different (2008–2015: 4265/22084 v. 96,473/490514 > 35 years/total, Chi.Sq. = 1.687, P = 0.194). A higher rate of NNSW cannabis-related than cannabis-unrelated defects occurred (prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.13, 95%C.I. 1.80–2.52, P = 3.24 × 10− 19). CA’s rose more potently with rising cannabis than with rising tobacco or alcohol use. Exomphalos and gastroschisis had the highest NNSW:QLD PR (6.29(2.94–13.48) and 5.85(3.54–9.67)) and attributable fraction in the exposed (84.11%(65.95–92.58%) and 82.91%(71.75–89.66%), P = 2.83 × 10− 8 and P = 5.62 × 10− 15). In multivariable geospatial models cannabis was significantly linked with cardiovascular (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus), genetic (chromosomal defects, Downs syndrome), gastrointestinal (small intestinal atresia), body wall (gastroschisis, diaphragmatic hernia) and other (hypospadias) (AVTPCDSGDH) CA’s. In linear modelling cannabis use was significantly linked with anal stenosis, congenital hydrocephalus and Turner syndro

Background. Whilst cannabis commercialization is occurring rapidly guided by highly individualistic public narratives, evidence that all congenital anomalies (CA) increase alongside cannabis use in Canada, a link with 21 CA’s in Hawaii, and rising CA’s in Colorado indicate that transgenerational effects can be significant and impact public health. It was therefore important to study Northern New South Wales (NNSW) a known cannabis use centre. Methods. Design: Cohort. 2008-2015. Setting: NNSW and Queensland (QLD), Australia. Participants. Whole populations. Exposures. Tobacco, Risky Alcohol, Annual cannabis. Source: National Drug Strategy Household Surveys 2010, 2013. Main Outcomes. CA Rates. NNSW-QLD comparisons. Geospatial and causal regression. Results. Cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal anomalies rose with falling tobacco and alcohol but rising cannabis use rates across Queensland. Maternal age NNSW-QLD was not different (2008-2015: 4,265/22,084 v. 96,473/490,514 >35 years, Chi.Sq.=1.687, P=0.194). A higher rate of NNSW cannabis-related than cannabis-unrelated defects occurred (prevalence ratio (PR)=2.13, 95%C.I. 1.80-2.52, P=3.24x10-19). CA’s rose more potently with rising cannabis than with rising tobacco or alcohol use. Exomphalos and gastroschisis had the highest NNSW:QLD PR (6.29(2.94-13.48) and 5.85(3.54-9.67)) and attributable fraction in the exposed (84.11%(65.95-92.58%) and 82.91%(71.75-89.66%), P=2.83x10-8 and P=5.62x10-15). In multivariable geospatial models cannabis was significantly linked with cardiovascular (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus), genetic (chromosomal defects, Downs syndrome), gastrointestinal (small intestinal atresia), body wall (gastroschisis, diaphragmatic hernia) and other (hypospadias) (AVTPCDSGDH) CA’s. In linear modelling cannabis use was significantly linked with anal stenosis, congenital hydrocephalus and Turner syndrome (ACT) and was significantly lin

This study reports for the first time a case of multiple morphological abnormalities in a blue shark Prionace glauca embryo collected on the Peruvian coast, southeast Pacific. External exploration and radiograph picture showed duplicated parts in the cephalic region (mouths and eye sockets) and trunk anomalies (thoracic lordosis and rolled caudal fin). The duplicate face parts in a single head seen in the embryo, suggest a diprosopia anomaly.

Las anomalías morfológicas causadas por alteraciones durante el desarrollo (teratologías) han sido frecuentemente reportadas en diferentes grupos de vertebrados (Mainland, 1929; Spadola & Insacco, 2009; Peltzer et al., 2010; Farzaneh & Khoshnam, 2018). Multitud de factores se han identificado como posibles causantes de efectos teratoógicos en anfibios; entre ellos destacan factores Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(1)37 ambientales tales como contaminantes, temperaturas anómalas, radiación ultravioleta y agentes patógenos, o factores genéticos (e.g. anomalías estructurales cromosómicas), así como una combinación entre ambos (Worthington, 1974; Henle & Dubois 2017; Garcês et al., 2020). En particular, la documentación de casos teratológicos en anfibios se ha visto incrementada en aquellas localidades cuyos medios acuáticos se encuentran conta-minados, especialmente por productos agrarios (Ouellet et al., 1997; Gurushankara et al., 2007; Pollo et al., 2019). No obstante, las malformaciones pueden estar asociadas a agentes naturales, causadas por la influencia de parásitos durante el desarrollo (Sessions & Ruth, 1990; Velo-Antón et al. 2007). Entre los parásitos que producen casos teratológicos se encuentran los trematodos de los géneros Riberoia Travassos, 1939 (Johnson et al., 2002) y Metagonimoides Price, 1931 (Wyderko et al., 2015).

Larval mortality is a keystone ecological factor for many benthic octopus since it mostly occurs before their settlement in the sea bottom as benthic juveniles. The literature had revealed that records of adult animals with morphological abnormalities (teratologies) are fewer in species with complex life cycle than in those with direct development. This is a direct consequence of the morphological, physiological, and development challenges that the transition from the larval to the adult morphology represents. During a routine fishing sample, we found an immature female horned octopus with additional buccal structures in two suckers of its ventral arms, likely rendering these suckers as inefficient. Based on the literature about the natural history of octopus, we provide evidence that these abnormalities were present at the moment of hatch. We evaluated the impact of the teratologies by comparing the shape of the buccal beaks and the trophic niche of the individual with five normal conspecifics. Although the beaks showed a different shape than normal individuals, the trophic niche was similar. Surprisingly, the teratological condition of the individual likely had no severe impacts on its life, even though it likely represents a handicap for its survival during its planktonic life. We also comment on other previous records from the literature of teratological adult octopus to highlight the amazing adaptive capacity of octopus to deal with challenging morphologies

Referring to Andrei Platonov’s The Foundation Pit and Happy Moscow, the author considers these two works through the prism of 1920s and 1930s literature and maintains that they display features of expressionism in the way they represent corporality. The writer’s words about the “wonderful and violent” world are a motivating factor in the aspects of his poetics connected with the term “violent expressionism”. First, this applies to the theme of prosthetics considered both by Platonov’s contemporaries (K. Fedin, L. Leonov) and writers of later periods (B. Polevoy, V. Shalamov, A. Zinovyev). Comparative analysis helps the article’s author to prove that representations of bodies with prostheses form a powerful literary topos that transforms social, political, and ideological material and is capable of symbolising the uniqueness or/and fragility of the human body and the vagueness of its borders. Analysing the correlation between prostheses and teratology, representations of disability and the tradition of deformity, realist (social realist) and expressionist concepts, the author concludes that “prose with prostheses” helps us to perceive Russian literature in a new way., Рассматривая повести Андрея Платонова «Котлован» и «Счастливая Москва» на фоне литературы 1920–1930-х гг., автор констатирует их близость, прежде всего в области репрезентации телесности, к программе экспрессионизма. Слова самого писателя о «прекрасном и яростном» мире мотивируют определение аспектов его поэтики, связанных с термином «яростный экспрессионизм». В первую очередь это относится к тематике протезов, к которой обращаются другие авторы – и современники Платонова (К. Федин, Л. Леонов), и писатели более поздних периодов (Б. Полевой, В. Шаламов, А. Зиновьев). Сопоставительный анализ позволяет установить, что представление тела с протезами работает как мощный литературный топос, преобразующий социальный, политический, идеологический материал, способный символизировать инаковость и/или хрупкость, нечеткость границ человеческого тела. Проанализировав отношения между протезами и тератологией, репрезентациями инвалидности и традицией уродства, реалистической (соцреалистической) и фантастико-экспрессионистской концепциями, автор констатирует, что «проза с протезами» дает возможность бросить новый взгляд на русскую литературу.

Diatom teratologies have intrigued scientists since the XIXth century, with respect to their causes and origins. These deformities, mainly observed in long-term cultures or under high levels of pollution, were poorly considered, until they were recently found to be potential indicators of toxic impairment of freshwaters. However, very little is known about their ecology. In this study, the growth and fitness of morphologically distinct descendants of the same cell line of Gomphonema gracile (teratological vs. non teratological forms) were compared over a typical growth cycle. Contrary to expectations, teratological populations grew slightly faster, at a rate of 0.47 ± 0.03 divisions.day−1, versus 0.41 ± 0.04 for the normal morphotype. They had similar physiological performances as non-teratological forms. They did not differ in their movement velocities, but the trajectory of teratological forms was more linear, likely as a consequence of their elongated outline. Under the same culture conditions, no competitive exclusion of one phenotype over the other was demonstrated on the time scale of an exponential growth cycle (9 days). Moreover, the deformities were faithfully reproduced over time, and no evidence of decreased viability in teratological forms was provided. These new insights call into question the common hypothesis that deformed diatoms are altered individuals produced by unfavorable conditions and thus highlight ecosystem dysfunction. They call for further investigations of their ecology.

To screen the tens of thousands of chemicals for which no toxicity data currently exists, it is necessary to move from in vivo rodent models to alternative models, such as zebrafish. Here, we used dechorionated Tropical 5D wild-type zebrafish embryos to screen a 91-compound library provided by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for developmental toxicity. This library contained 86 unique chemicals that included negative controls, flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), drugs, industrial chemicals, and pesticides. Fish were exposed to 5 concentrations of each chemical or an equal amount of vehicle (0.5% DMSO) in embryo medium from 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). Fish were examined daily for mortality and teratogenic effects and photomotor behavior was assessed at 4 and 5 dpf. Of the 5 negative control compounds in the library, none caused mortality/teratogenesis, but two altered behavior. Chemicals provided in duplicate produced similar outcomes. Overall, 13 compounds caused mortality/teratology but not behavioral abnormalities, 24 only affected behavior, and 18 altered both endpoints, with behavior affected at concentrations that did not cause mortality/teratology (55/86 hits). Of the compounds that affected behavior, 52% caused behavioral abnormalities at either 4 or 5 dpf. Compounds within the same functional group caused different behavioral abnormalities, while similar behavioral patterns were caused by compounds from different groups. Our data suggest that behavior is a sensitive endpoint for developmental toxicity screening that integrates multiple modes of toxic action and is influenced by the age of the larval fish at the time of testing.

Introduction: Toriello-Carey syndrome (TCS) is characterised by a combination of corpus callosal agenesis, Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS), facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability and other anomalies. Since the first case was described in 1988, over 50 patients have been reported yet a single molecular mechanism underlying these diagnoses has remained elusive. Material(s) and Method(s): Exome sequencing was performed on ten families with a diagnosis of Toriello-Carey syndrome following clinical geneticist consultation. Photographs and clinical features of patients were compared to determine whether there was uniformity of dysmorphic features and congenital anomalies. Result(s): Of the ten kindreds tested, five had de novo variants identified in genes linked to other Mendelian disorders. These included variants in BAF-complex disorder genes, SMARCA4 and SMARCE1; as well as variants in KAT6B, THOC2 and TUBA1A. In the remaining five "negative" families, no novel candidate genes were identified. Comparison of patient data and photographs revealed considerable heterogeneity in facial dysmorphism, although almost all exhibited the features of PRS, corpus callosal agenesis, intellectual disability and cardiac septal defect. Conclusion(s): This study suggests that many characteristics of TCS, rather than being a distinctive phenotype with a unifying molecular cause, may in fact fall in the spectrum of other recognised syndromes. This shift in perspective is likely to impact future diagnostic approaches and recurrence risk counselling for patients with this constellation of features. The possibility remains that there is a true TCS phenotype and a future direction may be to better delineate the facial dysmorphology to separate this from the mix.

Cases of morphological abnormalities concerning Neuropterida have been published only rarely. If we neglect the deformities observable less rarely in the wings of the three orders of these insects (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera), which result from defective adult emergence, or certain modest and recurrent anomalies in wing venation, it seems that these abnormalities are more rare than in other insects, such as Coleoptera, for which particularly striking teratological cases have been reported. The present contribution summarizes records of morphological anomalies in the literature concerning Neuropterida and illustrates three unpublished cases observed by the author in Neuroptera (Myrmeleontidae and Chrysopidae); of special interest is a case of unilateral antennal aplasia.

An unusual eye malformation observed in Trichiotinus rufobrunneus (Casey) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini), is described and illustrated. The functionality of the ectopic compound eye is discussed. According to label data, larval association with oak rotten log habitats is reported. Se describe e ilustra una malformación inusual en los ojos de Trichiotinus rufobrunneus (Casey, 1914). Se discute la funcionalidad de los ojos compuestos ectópicos. De acuerdo con los datos de etiqueta, se reporta la asociación de la larva con madera de roble en descomposición.

For the last 30 years, pregnancy exposure studies, with varying methodologies, have been the mainstay of post-marketing surveillance for new drugs likely to be used by women of reproductive age. While they provide valuable data to inform use during pregnancy, they have limitations that render them necessary but not sufficient in supplying timely information to patients and prescribers. The Organization of Teratology Information Specialists MotherToBaby Pregnancy Studies' collaborative research group operates to help fill this gap. This paper provides an overview of the research that has been and is currently being conducted, as well as best practices determined over the past two decades. The Organization of Teratology Information Specialists MotherToBaby studies can provide earlier signaling with regard to concerns following possible teratogenic exposures, which when examined in conjunction with larger database studies and case-control designs, can move us closer to developing a fuller picture of drug safety for women of reproductive age.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study is to review the literature regarding the management of fertile patients under lithium treatment for bipolar disorder and to report the experience of our Teratology Information Service over the past thirteen years in managing women treated with lithium during preconception, pregnancy and breastfeeding. METHODS: This research focuses on a selective review of the literature and a retrospective survey has been carried out on fertile women under lithium treatment who called our service at A. Gemelli University Hospital in Rome from May 2002 to December 2015. RESULTS: A total of 140 women under lithium treatment called our TIS. A complete follow-up has been performed on 34 patients: 29 called during pregnancy and 5 called during preconception. None of the patients called during breastfeeding, while half of the patients were taking concomitant drugs during pregnancy. One major cardiac malformation (hypoplastic left heart syndrome) has been reported. No minor malformations have been detected. Twenty-one patients delivered a living child, with one premature neonate. Two patients underwent voluntary interruption of pregnancy and six patients had early spontaneous abortion. In one patient, intrauterine growth retardation occurred, but with no adverse neonatal outcomes. Four neonates experienced transient respiratory distress at birth. Two children developed mild to severe language delay, but normal motor development. CONCLUSIONS: Lithium treatment in fertile women is a very delicate topic, where risks and benefits of discontinuing therapy when women plan to become pregnant should be accurately evaluated. Thorough peri-conceptional counselling is crucial for the outcome of pregnancy and for maternal health status during preconception, gestation and breastfeeding.

A case of anisochromia in a specimen of Tabanus piceiventris Rondani, 1848 (Diptera: Tabanidae) is described, being the first record of this kind of teratology in tabanids., Se describe un caso de anisocromía en un espécimen de Tabanus piceiventris Rondani, 1848 (Diptera: Tabanidae), siendo el primer registro de este tipo de teratología en tabánidos.

Two teratological cases are described in legs of triatomine bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). The first one belongs to an oligomery with unilateral atrophy in the left mesothoracic leg of Triatoma rubida (Uhler, 1894) from a laboratory colony in Atlanta (USA). The second one belongs to a unilateral atrophy on the right metathoracic leg of a specimen of Panstrongylus humeralis (Usinger, 1939) from Barro Colorado, Panamá. Both cases are discussed and figures of malformations are provided., Se describen dos casos teratológicos en patas de triatominos (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). El primero corresponde a una oligomeria y atrofia unilateral en pata mesotorácica izquierda de Triatoma rubida (Uhler, 1894) de una colonia de crianza en Atlanta (USA). El segundo corresponde a una atrofia unilateral derecha en la pata mesotorácica de un ejemplar de Panstrongylus humeralis (Usinger, 1939) de Barro Colorado, Panamá. Se discuten ambos casos y se incluyen figuras de las malformaciones.

A case of brachelitry in Oiceoptoma noveboracense (Forster, 1771) (Coleoptera: Silphidae) and a case of symphysocery in Telephanus atricapillus Erichson, 1846 (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) collected respectively in Connecticut and Ohio (U.S.A) are reported., Se dan a conocer un caso de braquielitría en Oiceoptoma noveboracensis (Forster, 1771) (Coleoptera: Silphidae) y uno de sinfisoceria en Telephanus atricapillus Erichson, 1846 (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) capturados respectivamente en Connecticut y Ohio (U.S.A.).

Se describe un caso teratológico en un ejemplar de Dicordylus binotatus (Philippi, 1859) (Coleoptera: Belidae), recolectado en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Provincia de Cordillera, Chile. El espécimen exhibe una perforación en cada élitro, por lo que se discuten las posibles causas que originaron estas malformaciones. En la literatura disponible no se encontraron casos teratológicos previamente descritos en Belidae., A teratological case in Dicordylus binotatus (Philippi, 1859) (Coleoptera: Belidae) is described. The specimen was collected in the Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Provincia de Cordillera, Chile. The specimen exhibits a perforation in each elytron, so the possible causes of the origin of these malformations are discussed. In the available literature there were no teratologic cases previously described in Belidae.

Two cases of abnormal specimens ofthe equinoid Leptosalenia barredai, Forner 2014 from the Albian of the Maestrat Basin (Spain) are described. The incidence of abnormal specimens in the total population is6%., Es descriu dos casos d'exemplars anormals de l'equínid Leptosalenia barredai, Forner 2014, de l'Albia de la conca del Maestrat_ El grau d'incidència deis exemplars anormals sobre la població total és d'un 6%.

This dissertation traces the academic institutionalization and evolving concerns of teratologists, who studied environmental causes of birth defects in midcentury America. The Teratology Society officially formed in 1960, with funds and organizational support from philanthropies such as the National Foundation (Later known as The March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation). Teratologists, including Virginia Apgar, the well-known obstetric anesthesiologist and inventor of the Apgar Score, were soon embroiled in public concerns about pharmaceutically mediated birth defects. Teratologists acted as consultants to industry and government on pre-market reproductive toxicology testing for pharmaceuticals. However, animal tests seemed unable to clearly predict results in humans and required careful interpretation of dosage and animal species and strain responses. By the late 1960s, amidst the popular environmental movement, teratologists grappled with public claims that birth defects resulted from exposure to industrial pollutants in water or air, or from food additives, pesticides, and industrial waste or effluent. In a crowded field of professionals concerned with pharmaceutical or chemical exposures during pregnancy, teratologists proved adaptive and resilient. Despite influences from the environmental movement, teratologists at times tried to contain the substances and outcomes considered relevant and called for greater vetting of chemical claims, amidst rampant journalistic and public accusations about iatrogenic or industrial harm. Both experimental teratology and epidemiology informed these debates but each faced explanatory insecurities in causal inference that left room for parental anxiety and considerable speculation about uncertain harms to susceptible fetuses. Concomitantly, environmental scientists and activist geneticists wanted to expand the definition of a teratogen to include more subtle or long-term outcomes and raising concerns about the as-yet-undetected r

Part cabinet of curiosities, part literary-historical critique, this book makes a strong case that the socio-cultural, intertextual, scientific and political complexity of certain misanthropic hybridised hominid monsters helped Augustan poets discuss poetry and its ends. Through a rich succession of innovative, intricate readings of monsters in the poetry of Virgil, Horace and Ovid, L. further clarifies, often with greater textual and historical nuance than ever before, the sense that Augustan ‘monstrosity’ reflected and innovated very specific gendered (and often medicalised) stereotypes, with male monsters like the Cyclops and Hundred-Handers generally typified by their strength and epic scale, female monsters like the Harpies and Scylla, by contrast, by their (grotesquely sexualised) miasmic ooze of liquids and emotions. Taken as a whole, this book represents an extensive, if not exhaustive, Roman teratypology that will prove a valuable resource for the study of Augustan culture and pre-medieval monster-theory, even as it falls short of making the stronger case that there might be something monstrous not only within, but about, Augustan poetry itself.

A teratological case in the Chilean milkweed bug Oncopeltus (Erythrischius) miles (Blanchard, 1852) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) is described. The teratosis belongs to a unilateral oligomery in the right antenna. It is believed that this teratosis is the result of the missing of the last antennomere in an early instar. The distribution of the species is commented, discussed and analyzed. It is concluded that O. miles inhabits between the Tarapacá to Araucanía regions in Chile. Finally, it is formally recorded for the first time the subfamily of plants Asclepiadoideae as a host for this species. It is believed that these plants are the primary host of O. miles along its distribution. However the insect may feed on other plants under certain circumstances., Se describe un caso teratológico en el ligeido chileno Oncopeltus (Erythrischius) miles (Blanchard, 1852) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), correspondiente a una oligomeria unilateral en la antena derecha. Se estima que esta teratosis es el resultado de la pérdida del último artejo antenal en algún estado juvenil del insecto. Se comenta, discute y analiza la distribución de esta especie y se concluye que habita desde la Región de Tarapacá hasta la Región de la Araucanía en Chile. Finalmente se entregan los primeros registros formales de especies de la subfamilia vegetal Asclepiadoideae, los cuales se cree que son el hospedero principal de O. miles a lo largo de su distribución, aunque se alimentan de otras plantas bajo ciertas circunstancias.

A case of two combined anomalies in a male of Corydalus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from Connecticut, U.S.A. are reported. This teratological case represents the third abnormality reported in Corydalidae and is a contribution more to the knowledge of teratological insects in Connecticut., Dase a conhecer o caso de duas anomalias combinadas num macho de Corydalus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) de Connecticut, Estados Unidos da América Este caso é assinalado pela terceira vez na família Corydalidae e representa uma nova contribuição para o estudo dos insectos teratológicos de C

Two specimens of cyclotocephalic newborns, coming from museum collections, have been the subject of a comparative morphologic analysis. This one comprised an external examination and a CT scan exploration. If the craniofacial features were similar, one had a quasi-normal brain, while the second specimen displayed alobar holoprosencephaly. This observation relatively surprising is discussed in the light of current knowledge on the developmental genetics of this family of malformations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Three cases of symphysocery in Coleoptera (Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae and Tenebrionidae) from Connecticut, U.S.A. are reported for the first time.These three cases represent one more contribution to the knowledge of teratological beetles of Connecticut., Se dan a conocer por primera vez tres casos de sinfisoceria en Coleoptera (Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae y Tenebrionidae) de Connecticut, Estados Unidos. Estos tres casos constituyen una nueva aportación al conocimiento de coleópteros teratológicos de Connecticut.

Este estudo relata a ocorrência de antenas com características femininas e masculinas em um exemplar fêmea de Spilomicrus sp. (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea, Diapriidae) coletado no Parque Estadual Intervales, Ribeirão Grande, São Paulo, Brasil, assim como malformações em uma das antenas, que são aqui descritas e ilustradas., This study reports the occurrence of antennae with female and male characteristics in a female of Spilomicrus sp. (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea, Diapriidae) collected in Parque Estadual Intervales, Ribeirão Grande, São Paulo, Brazil, as well as malformations in one of the antennas, which are described and illustrated.

A case of brachelitry in Tylonotus masoni (Knull, 1928) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and a case of meiomely in Lucanus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), both from Rhode Island, U.S.A., are reported., Se da cuenta de un caso de braquielitría en Tylonotus masoni (Knull, 1928) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) y de un caso de meiomelia en Lucanus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), capturados ambos en Rhode Island, U.S.A.

This paper reports on an abnormally developed embryo (ADE) of the common pill millipede Glomeris marginata. This ADE represents a modified case of Duplicitas posterior, in which two posterior ends are present, but only one anterior end. While the major posterior germ band of the embryo appears almost normally developed, the minor posterior germ band is heavily malformed, has no clear correlation to the single head, little or no ventral tissue, and a minute amount of yolk. The anterior end of the minor germ band is fused to the ventral side of the major germ band between the first and second trunk segment. At least one appendage of the second trunk segment appears to be shared by the two germ bands. Morphology and position of the minor germ band suggest that the ADE may be the result of an incorrectly established single cumulus [the later posterior segment addition zone (SAZ)]. This differs from earlier reports on D. posterior type ADEs in G. marginata that are likely the result of the early formation of two separate cumuli.

A case of symphisopody and ectromely in a leg of an Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman, 1847) (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) collected in the State of Rhode Island, U.S.A. is presented., Se presenta un caso de sinfisopodia y ectromelia en la pata de un Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman, 1847) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) capturado en el estado de Rhode Island, U.S.A.

Infants born to epileptic women treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have an increased risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs). In order to determine the role of maternal epilepsy we conducted a prospective cohort study on three cohorts of pregnant women: (i) 385 epileptic women treated with AEDs, (ii) 310 non-epileptic women treated with AEDs, (iii) 867 healthy women not exposed to AEDs (control group). The rate of MCMs in the epileptic group (7.7%) was not statistically higher than in the non-epileptic one (3.9%) (p=0.068). The rate in the first group was higher compared to the control group (p=0.001), while the rate in the second one was not (p=0.534). Our data confirm that AEDs therapy is the main cause of the increased risk of malformations in the offspring of epileptic women; however a teratogenic role of the maternal epilepsy itself cannot be excluded.

La prensa dieciochesca supone una fuente de información imprescindible para conocer diversos aspectos de la historia en el siglo XVIII. A través de ella, pretendemos conocer cómo era el tratamiento que hacia los monstruos se tenía en la prensa y cuál fue su evolución con respecto a épocas anteriores., The eighteenth century press has been an important source of research to know different aspects of History. Through it, we try to know how the press, that represented human thoughts, treated monsters in their pages and how this treatment evolved over the centuries.

A case of symphysocery on the right antenna of Oxyporus (Oxyporus) rufus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Oxyporinae) is reported raising to four the number of teratological cases in the genus Oxyporus Fabricius, 1775., Se presenta un caso de sinfisoceria en la antena derecha de Oxyporus (Oxyporus) rufus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Oxyporinae), elevándose a cuatro el número de casos teratológicos en el género Oxyporus Fabricius, 1775.

Tématem teoreticko-výzkumné práce je informovanost těhotných žen o screeningu vrozených vývojových vad v těhotenství. Teoretická část je zaměřená na nejčastější vrozené vývojové vady, teratologii a screening vrozených vývojových vad. Výzkumná část je zaměřená na zjištění míry informovanosti těhotných žen o screeningu vrozených vývojových vad a interpretaci výsledků dotazníkového šetření. Dotazníky byly rozdány těhotným ženám v prenatálních poradnách a na oddělení rizikově těhotných., Pregnant women´s awareness of congenital malformations screening during pregnancy is the topic of this work which is both theoretical and investigative. The theoretical part is focused on the most common congenital malformations, teratology and screening of malformations. The investigative part describes the rate of pregnant women's awareness of congenital malformations screening. The question-forms findings are discussed in this part too. The question-forms were given to pregnant women in antenatal clinic and to women at the unit of risk pregnancy., Katedra porodní asistence a zdravotně sociální práce, Hodnocení vedoucího: dobře Hodnocení oponenta: dobře Doplňující otázky k obhajobě: 1. Jakým způsobem byly dotazníky rozdány? Čekala jste osobně na jejich navrácení? Je zde méně než 50 procentní návratnost? 2. V závěru práce píšete, že nebyl dosud obdobný výzkum prováděn, že je jedinečný, ale vzápětí na to uvádíte, že jste ho prováděla na nereprezentativním vzorku. Proč jste neoslovila více těhotných žen? 3. Máte Vy osobně zkušenosti s edukací klientek v oblasti screeningu vrozených vývojových vad? Obhajoba bakalářské práce s prezentací dobrá.

We assessed genetic and environmental influence on fetal outcome in diabetic rat pregnancy. Crossing normal (N) and manifestly diabetic (MD) Wistar Furth (W) and Sprague-Dawley (L) females with W or L males yielded 4 different fetal genotypes (WW, LL, WL, LW) in N or MD rat pregnancies for studies. We also evaluated fetal outcome in litters with enhanced or diminished severity of maternal MD state, denoted MD(+)WL and MD(-)LW. The MDWW litters had less malformations and resorptions (0% and 19%) than the MDLL litters (17% and 30%). The MDWL litters (0% and 8%) were less maldeveloped than the MDLW litters (9% and 22%), whereas the MD(+)WL (3% and 23%) and MD(-)LW (1% and 17%) litters showed increased and decreased dysmorphogenesis (compared to MDWL and MDLW litters). The pregnant MDW rats had lower serum levels of glucose, fructosamine and branched chain amino acids than the pregnant MDL rats, whereas the pregnant MD(+)W and MD(-)L rats had levels comparable to those of the MDL and MDW rats, respectively. The 8-iso-PGF2α levels of the malformed MDLW offspring were increased compared to the non-malformed MDLW offspring. Diabetes decreased fetal heart Ret and increased Bmp-4 gene expression in the MDLW offspring, and caused decreased GDNF and Shh expression in the malformed fetal mandible of the MDLW offspring. We conclude that the fetal (epi)genome controls the embryonic dysmorphogenesis in diabetic pregnancy by instigating a threshold level for the teratological insult, and that the maternal genome controls the teratogenic insult by (dys)regulating the maternal metabolism.