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[ES] El sector agroalimentario se caracteriza por el alto grado de deterioro en los productos alimenticios, éstos tienden a perder su valor conforme transcurre el tiempo generando desperdicios y demanda insatisfecha. Los procesos que se llevan a cabo en las cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias para la obtención de este tipo de productos perecederos requieren de una mayor flexibilidad, eficiencia y coordinación de los diversos actores interactuantes a lo largo de la cadena (proveedores, agricultores, productores, centros de distribución, almacenes mayoristas, minoristas y mercado). Además, una cadena de suministro agroalimentaria (CdSA) se diferencia de otras debido a que los productos alimenticios experimentan un cambio continuo y significativo a medida que son manipulados, almacenados y transportados por cada uno de los eslabones que conforma la cadena hasta llegar a los eslabones de demanda y consumo con la calidad y frescura esperada para satisfacer las necesidades de los clientes. Por otro lado, existe una alta incertidumbre en el producto, proceso, mercado y entorno para este tipo de cadenas de suministro por lo que deben ser más robustas y resilientes ante la presencia de disrupciones que puedan afectar su rendimiento. En el presente TFM se propone un marco conceptual en base al cual se lleva a cabo un análisis de la literatura con objeto de detectar qué herramientas existen y sus carencias. En base al anterior análisis se desarrolla una herramienta de ayuda a la toma de decisiones para la gestión de cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias de productos perecederos en un entorno de incertidumbre y alto riesgo, basada en simulación de dinámica de sistemas mediante el software de simulación Vensim®. La incertidumbre se abordará a través de la experimentación y simulación de diversos escenarios con la finalidad de proponer planes de contingencia para hacer frente a la ocurrencia de eventos disruptivos que afecten el correcto funcionamiento de la cadena. El modelo, [EN] The agri-food sector is characterized for the high deterioration degree in the food products, they tend to lose their value over time causing waste and unsatisfied demand. The process carries out in the agri-food supply chains for obtaining this type of perishable products require more flexibility, efficiency and coordination of the diverse interacting actors throughout the chain (suppliers, agricultures, producers, distribution centers, wholesalers and retailers¿ stores and the market). Additionally, an agri-food supply chain (CdSA) differs from others due the food products undergo a substantial and continuous change as they are manipulated, stored, and transported for each of the chains comprised by the chain until reach to the demand and consumption chains with the quality and freshness expected to satisfy the customer¿s needs. On the other hand, there is a high uncertainty in the product, in the process, in the market and environment for this type of supply chains, so they must be more solid and resilient in the presence of disruptions that may affect their performance. In the current TFM, it is proposed a conceptual framework based on the literature analysis in order to detect what tools exist and their deficiencies. Based on the previous analysis is developed a decision support tool for the management of the agri-food supply chains of perishable products in an environment of uncertainty and high risk, focused on the simulation tool Vensim ®. The uncertainty will address through the experimentation and simulation of diverse scenes in order to proposed contingency plans to deal with the occurrence of disruptive events that affect the smooth operation of the chain. The aim of the model approached is to maximize the benefits and the satisfied demand in the markets, as the same time to minimalize the amount of product wasted throughout the supply chain. The validation of the system dynamics model is carried out through the application of the Sterman test (2000

[ES] El sector agroalimentario se caracteriza por el alto grado de deterioro en los productos alimenticios, éstos tienden a perder su valor conforme transcurre el tiempo generando desperdicios y demanda insatisfecha. Los procesos que se llevan a cabo en las cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias para la obtención de este tipo de productos perecederos requieren de una mayor flexibilidad, eficiencia y coordinación de los diversos actores interactuantes a lo largo de la cadena (proveedores, agricultores, productores, centros de distribución, almacenes mayoristas, minoristas y mercado). Además, una cadena de suministro agroalimentaria (CdSA) se diferencia de otras debido a que los productos alimenticios experimentan un cambio continuo y significativo a medida que son manipulados, almacenados y transportados por cada uno de los eslabones que conforma la cadena hasta llegar a los eslabones de demanda y consumo con la calidad y frescura esperada para satisfacer las necesidades de los clientes. Por otro lado, existe una alta incertidumbre en el producto, proceso, mercado y entorno para este tipo de cadenas de suministro por lo que deben ser más robustas y resilientes ante la presencia de disrupciones que puedan afectar su rendimiento. En el presente TFM se propone un marco conceptual en base al cual se lleva a cabo un análisis de la literatura con objeto de detectar qué herramientas existen y sus carencias. En base al anterior análisis se desarrolla una herramienta de ayuda a la toma de decisiones para la gestión de cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias de productos perecederos en un entorno de incertidumbre y alto riesgo, basada en simulación de dinámica de sistemas mediante el software de simulación Vensim®. La incertidumbre se abordará a través de la experimentación y simulación de diversos escenarios con la finalidad de proponer planes de contingencia para hacer frente a la ocurrencia de eventos disruptivos que afecten el correcto funcionamiento de la cadena. El modelo, [EN] The agri-food sector is characterized for the high deterioration degree in the food products, they tend to lose their value over time causing waste and unsatisfied demand. The process carries out in the agri-food supply chains for obtaining this type of perishable products require more flexibility, efficiency and coordination of the diverse interacting actors throughout the chain (suppliers, agricultures, producers, distribution centers, wholesalers and retailers¿ stores and the market). Additionally, an agri-food supply chain (CdSA) differs from others due the food products undergo a substantial and continuous change as they are manipulated, stored, and transported for each of the chains comprised by the chain until reach to the demand and consumption chains with the quality and freshness expected to satisfy the customer¿s needs. On the other hand, there is a high uncertainty in the product, in the process, in the market and environment for this type of supply chains, so they must be more solid and resilient in the presence of disruptions that may affect their performance. In the current TFM, it is proposed a conceptual framework based on the literature analysis in order to detect what tools exist and their deficiencies. Based on the previous analysis is developed a decision support tool for the management of the agri-food supply chains of perishable products in an environment of uncertainty and high risk, focused on the simulation tool Vensim ®. The uncertainty will address through the experimentation and simulation of diverse scenes in order to proposed contingency plans to deal with the occurrence of disruptive events that affect the smooth operation of the chain. The aim of the model approached is to maximize the benefits and the satisfied demand in the markets, as the same time to minimalize the amount of product wasted throughout the supply chain. The validation of the system dynamics model is carried out through the application of the Sterman test (2000

[ES] El sector agroalimentario se caracteriza por el alto grado de deterioro en los productos alimenticios, éstos tienden a perder su valor conforme transcurre el tiempo generando desperdicios y demanda insatisfecha. Los procesos que se llevan a cabo en las cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias para la obtención de este tipo de productos perecederos requieren de una mayor flexibilidad, eficiencia y coordinación de los diversos actores interactuantes a lo largo de la cadena (proveedores, agricultores, productores, centros de distribución, almacenes mayoristas, minoristas y mercado). Además, una cadena de suministro agroalimentaria (CdSA) se diferencia de otras debido a que los productos alimenticios experimentan un cambio continuo y significativo a medida que son manipulados, almacenados y transportados por cada uno de los eslabones que conforma la cadena hasta llegar a los eslabones de demanda y consumo con la calidad y frescura esperada para satisfacer las necesidades de los clientes. Por otro lado, existe una alta incertidumbre en el producto, proceso, mercado y entorno para este tipo de cadenas de suministro por lo que deben ser más robustas y resilientes ante la presencia de disrupciones que puedan afectar su rendimiento. En el presente TFM se propone un marco conceptual en base al cual se lleva a cabo un análisis de la literatura con objeto de detectar qué herramientas existen y sus carencias. En base al anterior análisis se desarrolla una herramienta de ayuda a la toma de decisiones para la gestión de cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias de productos perecederos en un entorno de incertidumbre y alto riesgo, basada en simulación de dinámica de sistemas mediante el software de simulación Vensim®. La incertidumbre se abordará a través de la experimentación y simulación de diversos escenarios con la finalidad de proponer planes de contingencia para hacer frente a la ocurrencia de eventos disruptivos que afecten el correcto funcionamiento de la cadena. El modelo, [EN] The agri-food sector is characterized for the high deterioration degree in the food products, they tend to lose their value over time causing waste and unsatisfied demand. The process carries out in the agri-food supply chains for obtaining this type of perishable products require more flexibility, efficiency and coordination of the diverse interacting actors throughout the chain (suppliers, agricultures, producers, distribution centers, wholesalers and retailers¿ stores and the market). Additionally, an agri-food supply chain (CdSA) differs from others due the food products undergo a substantial and continuous change as they are manipulated, stored, and transported for each of the chains comprised by the chain until reach to the demand and consumption chains with the quality and freshness expected to satisfy the customer¿s needs. On the other hand, there is a high uncertainty in the product, in the process, in the market and environment for this type of supply chains, so they must be more solid and resilient in the presence of disruptions that may affect their performance. In the current TFM, it is proposed a conceptual framework based on the literature analysis in order to detect what tools exist and their deficiencies. Based on the previous analysis is developed a decision support tool for the management of the agri-food supply chains of perishable products in an environment of uncertainty and high risk, focused on the simulation tool Vensim ®. The uncertainty will address through the experimentation and simulation of diverse scenes in order to proposed contingency plans to deal with the occurrence of disruptive events that affect the smooth operation of the chain. The aim of the model approached is to maximize the benefits and the satisfied demand in the markets, as the same time to minimalize the amount of product wasted throughout the supply chain. The validation of the system dynamics model is carried out through the application of the Sterman test (2000

[ES] El sector agroalimentario se caracteriza por el alto grado de deterioro en los productos alimenticios, éstos tienden a perder su valor conforme transcurre el tiempo generando desperdicios y demanda insatisfecha. Los procesos que se llevan a cabo en las cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias para la obtención de este tipo de productos perecederos requieren de una mayor flexibilidad, eficiencia y coordinación de los diversos actores interactuantes a lo largo de la cadena (proveedores, agricultores, productores, centros de distribución, almacenes mayoristas, minoristas y mercado). Además, una cadena de suministro agroalimentaria (CdSA) se diferencia de otras debido a que los productos alimenticios experimentan un cambio continuo y significativo a medida que son manipulados, almacenados y transportados por cada uno de los eslabones que conforma la cadena hasta llegar a los eslabones de demanda y consumo con la calidad y frescura esperada para satisfacer las necesidades de los clientes. Por otro lado, existe una alta incertidumbre en el producto, proceso, mercado y entorno para este tipo de cadenas de suministro por lo que deben ser más robustas y resilientes ante la presencia de disrupciones que puedan afectar su rendimiento. En el presente TFM se propone un marco conceptual en base al cual se lleva a cabo un análisis de la literatura con objeto de detectar qué herramientas existen y sus carencias. En base al anterior análisis se desarrolla una herramienta de ayuda a la toma de decisiones para la gestión de cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias de productos perecederos en un entorno de incertidumbre y alto riesgo, basada en simulación de dinámica de sistemas mediante el software de simulación Vensim®. La incertidumbre se abordará a través de la experimentación y simulación de diversos escenarios con la finalidad de proponer planes de contingencia para hacer frente a la ocurrencia de eventos disruptivos que afecten el correcto funcionamiento de la cadena. El modelo, [EN] The agri-food sector is characterized for the high deterioration degree in the food products, they tend to lose their value over time causing waste and unsatisfied demand. The process carries out in the agri-food supply chains for obtaining this type of perishable products require more flexibility, efficiency and coordination of the diverse interacting actors throughout the chain (suppliers, agricultures, producers, distribution centers, wholesalers and retailers¿ stores and the market). Additionally, an agri-food supply chain (CdSA) differs from others due the food products undergo a substantial and continuous change as they are manipulated, stored, and transported for each of the chains comprised by the chain until reach to the demand and consumption chains with the quality and freshness expected to satisfy the customer¿s needs. On the other hand, there is a high uncertainty in the product, in the process, in the market and environment for this type of supply chains, so they must be more solid and resilient in the presence of disruptions that may affect their performance. In the current TFM, it is proposed a conceptual framework based on the literature analysis in order to detect what tools exist and their deficiencies. Based on the previous analysis is developed a decision support tool for the management of the agri-food supply chains of perishable products in an environment of uncertainty and high risk, focused on the simulation tool Vensim ®. The uncertainty will address through the experimentation and simulation of diverse scenes in order to proposed contingency plans to deal with the occurrence of disruptive events that affect the smooth operation of the chain. The aim of the model approached is to maximize the benefits and the satisfied demand in the markets, as the same time to minimalize the amount of product wasted throughout the supply chain. The validation of the system dynamics model is carried out through the application of the Sterman test (2000

Neste artigo, estima-se a demanda futura de materiais de construção na Colômbia e dos minerais necessários para produzi-los usando dinâmica de sistemas e análise de fluxos de materiais. Por meio da análise de fluxos de materiais, determinam-se as quantidades de minerais requeridos para a produção de cimento e concreto. A produção exigida de cimento e concreto estima-se por meio de um modelo de dinâmica de sistemas que se ajusta aos dados do censo de construção do Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística (Dane). Os resultados indicam que, sem considerar a oferta secundária de materiais, entre 2014 e 2017, foram requeridos 176,9 milhões de toneladas de agregados triturados, areia de rio, cimento cinzento, rocha morta e cerâmica cozida. Para a fabricação do cimento e do concreto, seriam necessários 15,4 milhões de toneladas de calcário, 14,9 de cascalho, 14,1 de gesso, 13,3, 9,7 e 9,3 de argila, minerais de ferro e areia., En este artículo se estima la demanda futura de materiales de construcción en Colombia y de los minerales necesarios para producirlos usando dinámica de sistemas y análisis de flujos de materiales. Por medio del análisis de flujos de materiales se determinan las cantidades de minerales requeridos para la producción de cemento y concreto. La producción requerida de cemento y concreto se estima por medio de un modelo de dinámica de sistemas el cual se ajusta con datos del censo de construcción del DANE. Los resultados indican que, sin tener en cuenta la oferta secundaria de materiales, entre 2014 y 2017 se requerirían 176.9 millones de toneladas de agregados triturados, arena de río, cemento gris, roca muerta y cerámica cocida. Para la fabricación del cemento y concreto, se necesitarían 15.4 millones de toneladas de caliza, 14,9 de grava, 14,1 de yeso, 13,3, 9,7 y 9,3 de arcilla, minerales de hierro y arena, respectivamente., This article provides an estimation of the future demand of construction materials in Colombia and necessary minerals to produce them by using systems dynamic and analysis of materials flows. Through the analysis of materials flows the amount of minerals required for the production of cement and concrete are determined. Required production of cement and concrete is estimated through a model of systems dynamic, which is adjusted with data from DANE construction census. Results indicate that, disregarding the secondary offer of materials, 176.9 million tons of ground aggregates, river sand, gray cement, dead rock, and cooked ceramic would be required. Manufacture of cement and concrete would require 15.4 million tons of lime, 14.9 million tons of gravel, 14.1 million tons of gypsum, and 13.3, 9.7, and 9.3 million tons of clay, iron minerals, and sand, respectively.

Neste artigo, estima-se a demanda futura de materiais de construção na Colômbia e dos minerais necessários para produzi-los usando dinâmica de sistemas e análise de fluxos de materiais. Por meio da análise de fluxos de materiais, determinam-se as quantidades de minerais requeridos para a produção de cimento e concreto. A produção exigida de cimento e concreto estima-se por meio de um modelo de dinâmica de sistemas que se ajusta aos dados do censo de construção do Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística (Dane). Os resultados indicam que, sem considerar a oferta secundária de materiais, entre 2014 e 2017, foram requeridos 176,9 milhões de toneladas de agregados triturados, areia de rio, cimento cinzento, rocha morta e cerâmica cozida. Para a fabricação do cimento e do concreto, seriam necessários 15,4 milhões de toneladas de calcário, 14,9 de cascalho, 14,1 de gesso, 13,3, 9,7 e 9,3 de argila, minerais de ferro e areia., En este artículo se estima la demanda futura de materiales de construcción en Colombia y de los minerales necesarios para producirlos usando dinámica de sistemas y análisis de flujos de materiales. Por medio del análisis de flujos de materiales se determinan las cantidades de minerales requeridos para la producción de cemento y concreto. La producción requerida de cemento y concreto se estima por medio de un modelo de dinámica de sistemas el cual se ajusta con datos del censo de construcción del DANE. Los resultados indican que, sin tener en cuenta la oferta secundaria de materiales, entre 2014 y 2017 se requerirían 176.9 millones de toneladas de agregados triturados, arena de río, cemento gris, roca muerta y cerámica cocida. Para la fabricación del cemento y concreto, se necesitarían 15.4 millones de toneladas de caliza, 14,9 de grava, 14,1 de yeso, 13,3, 9,7 y 9,3 de arcilla, minerales de hierro y arena, respectivamente., This article provides an estimation of the future demand of construction materials in Colombia and necessary minerals to produce them by using systems dynamic and analysis of materials flows. Through the analysis of materials flows the amount of minerals required for the production of cement and concrete are determined. Required production of cement and concrete is estimated through a model of systems dynamic, which is adjusted with data from DANE construction census. Results indicate that, disregarding the secondary offer of materials, 176.9 million tons of ground aggregates, river sand, gray cement, dead rock, and cooked ceramic would be required. Manufacture of cement and concrete would require 15.4 million tons of lime, 14.9 million tons of gravel, 14.1 million tons of gypsum, and 13.3, 9.7, and 9.3 million tons of clay, iron minerals, and sand, respectively.

According to the recent Spanish legislation, the amount of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) by weight must be reduced by at least 70% by 2020. However, the current behavior of the stakeholders involved in the waste management process make this goal difficult to achieve. In order to boost changes in their strategies, we firstly describe an Environmental Management System (EMS) based on regulation measures and economic incentives which incorporate universities as a key new actor in order to create a 3Rs model (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) in the C&D waste management with costs savings. The target areas are focused mainly on producer responsibility, promotion of low-waste building technologies and creation of green jobs to fulfill three main objectives: valorization of inert wastes, elimination of illegal landfills and stimulation of demand for recycled C&D wastes. To achieve this latter goal, we have also designed a simulation model—using the Systems Dynamic methodology—to assess the potential impact of two policies (incentives and tax penalties) in order to evaluate how the government can influence the behavior of the firms in the recycling system of C&D waste aggregates. This paper finds a broader understanding of the socioeconomic implications of waste management over time and the positive effects of these policies in the recycled aggregates market in order to achieve the goal of 30% C&D waste aggregates in 12 years or less.

The Design for Repeatedly Utilization (DFRU) is a proposed conceptto be used in the product realizationprocess to ensure optimum useable life (forinstance in terms of economy, resourceusage, environmental impact etc.) ofproducts or parts of products enablingmultiple lifecycle. In the DFRU approachproducts are restored as new like productsthrough remanufacturing processes. Theterm remanufacturing has been interpreteddifferently by different researchers and theindustries that are involved inremanufacturing business use differentapproaches to remanufacture theirproducts. In this paper the starter motorand alternator of automotives has beenused to demonstrate the novel concepts.The purpose of this paper is to expresswhat remanufacturing means in ourconcept, model their major lifecycleaspects and create a simulation modelfrom it. This is a preliminary work towardsdefining and specifying the processes,methods and design properties in DFRU.The work will be further extended to aholistic business model which can facilitateDFRU approach in an efficient way. Infuture the model will be developed andadopted to create new models for otherproducts appropriate for remanufacturingand eventually DFRU., QC 20110110Part of proceedings ISBN 978-9985-59-982-2

This paper focuses on the problem of rural energization in isolated regions of Colombia (Not interconnected zones - NIS). Using the sustainable livelihood approach we assess the situation of the isolated communities before and after energization. System dynamics is used for simulation and evaluated energy policies. We apply our approach to the municipality of Jambaló in the Cauca department., En este artículo se aborda el problema de la energización rural de las zonas no interconectadas de Colombia, usando los medios de vida sostenible para medir el estado de las comunidades aisladas antes y después de la energización, se utiliza dinámica sistemas para la simulación y evaluación de políticas energéticas. El caso de aplicación es en las comunidades indígenas del municipio de Jambaló en el departamento del Cauca.

En este artículo se aborda el problema de la energización rural de las zonas no interconectadas de Colombia, usando los medios de vida sostenible para medir el estado de las comunidades aisladas antes y después de la energización, se utiliza dinámica sistemas para la simulación y evaluación de políticas energéticas. El caso de aplicación es en las comunidades indígenas del municipio de Jambaló en el departamento del Cauca., This paper focuses on the problem of rural energization in isolated regions of Colombia (Not interconnected zones - NIS). Using the sustainable livelihood approach we assess the situation of the isolated communities before and after energization. System dynamics is used for simulation and evaluated energy policies. We apply our approach to the municipality of Jambaló in the Cauca department.

En este artículo se aborda el problema de la energización rural de las zonas no interconectadas de Colombia, usando los medios de vida sostenible para medir el estado de las comunidades aisladas antes y después de la energización, se utiliza dinámica sistemas para la simulación y evaluación de políticas energéticas. El caso de aplicación es en las comunidades indígenas del municipio de Jambaló en el departamento del Cauca., This paper focuses on the problem of rural energization in isolated regions of Colombia (Not interconnected zones - NIS). Using the sustainable livelihood approach we assess the situation of the isolated communities before and after energization. System dynamics is used for simulation and evaluated energy policies. We apply our approach to the municipality of Jambaló in the Cauca department.

A modeling framework to evaluate the costs and benefits of implementation of Controller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC), and Air Traffic Management (ATM) decision support tools is proposed in this paper. The benefit/cost evaluation is carried out for four key alternatives namely alternative A: Do nothing scenario (only voice channel), alternative B: Voice channel supplemented with CPDLC, alternative C: Alternative B with ATM tools in a non-integrated scenario and finally alternative D: Alternative B with ATM tools in an integrated scenario. It is a bi-level model that captures the linkages between various technologies at a lower microscopic level using a daily microscopic model (DATSIM) and transfers the measures of effectives to a higher macroscopic level. DATSIM stands for Data Link and Air Traffic Technologies SIMulation and it simulates air traffic in the enroute sector and terminal airspace for a single day and captures the measures of effectiveness at a microscopic level and feeds its output to the macroscopic annual model which then runs over the entire life cycle of the system. Airspace dwell time benefit data from the microscopic model is regressed into three dimensional benefit surfaces as a function of the equipage level of aircraft and aircraft density and embedded into the macroscopic model. The main function of the annual model is to ascertain economic viability of any deployment schedule or alternative over the entire life cycle of the system. The life cycle cost model is composed of four modules namely: Operational benefits module, Safety benefit module,Technology cost module and Training cost module. Analysis using the model showed that an enroute sector gets congested at aircraft densities greater 630 per day. This is mainly because the controller workload gets saturated at that traffic volume per day. Benefits realized in alternatives B, C and D as compared to alternative A increased exponentially at traffic densities greater than 630 i.e. w