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26 results on '"Squyres, S."'

1. Airfall on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Davidsson, B. J. R., Birch, S., Blake, G. A., Bodewits, D., Dworkin, J. P., Glavin, D. P., Furukawa, Y., Lunine, J. I., Mitchell, J. L., Nguyen, A. N., Squyres, S., Takigawa, A., Vincent, J. -B., Zacny, K., Davidsson, B. J. R., Birch, S., Blake, G. A., Bodewits, D., Dworkin, J. P., Glavin, D. P., Furukawa, Y., Lunine, J. I., Mitchell, J. L., Nguyen, A. N., Squyres, S., Takigawa, A., Vincent, J. -B., and Zacny, K.

Abstract

We here study the transfer process of material from one hemisphere to the other (deposition of airfall material) on an active comet nucleus, specifically 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Our goals are to: 1) quantify the thickness of the airfall debris layers and how it depends on the location of the target area, 2) determine the amount of $\mathrm{H_2O}$ and $\mathrm{CO_2}$ ice that are lost from icy dust assemblages of different sizes during transfer through the coma, and 3) estimate the relative amount of vapor loss in airfall material after deposition in order to understand what locations are expected to be more active than others on the following perihelion approach. We use various numerical simulations, that include orbit dynamics, thermophysics of the nucleus and of individual coma aggregates, coma gas kinetics and hydrodynamics, as well as dust dynamics due to gas drag, to address these questions. We find that the thickness of accumulated airfall material varies substantially with location, and typically is of the order $0.1$-$1\,\mathrm{m}$. The airfall material preserves substantial amounts of water ice even in relatively small (cm-sized) coma aggregates after a rather long ($12\,\mathrm{h}$) residence in the coma. However, $\mathrm{CO_2}$ is lost within a couple of hours even in relatively large (dm-sized) aggregates, and is not expected to be an important component in airfall deposits. We introduce reachability and survivability indices to measure the relative capacity of different regions to simultaneously collect airfall and to preserve its water ice until the next perihelion passage, thereby grading their potential of contributing to comet activity during the next perihelion passage., Comment: 65 pages, 11 figures. Published manuscript

Published
2022
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2. The operational environment and rotational acceleration of asteroid (101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-REx observations

Author

Hergenrother, CW, Maleszewski, CK, Nolan, MC, Li, J-Y, d'Aubigny, CYD, Shelly, FC, Howell, ES, Kareta, TR, Izawa, MRM, Barucci, MA, Bierhaus, EB, Campins, H, Chesley, SR, Clark, BE, Christensen, EJ, DellaGiustina, DN, Fornasier, S, Golish, DR, Hartzell, CM, Rizk, B, Scheeres, DJ, Smith, PH, Zou, X-D, Lauretta, DS, Highsmith, DE, Small, J, Vokrouhlicky, D, Bowles, NE, Brown, E, Hanna, KLD, Warren, T, Brunet, C, Chicoine, RA, Desjardins, S, Gaudreau, D, Haltigin, T, Millington-Veloza, S, Rubi, A, Aponte, J, Gorius, N, Lunsford, A, Allen, B, Grindlay, J, Guevel, D, Hoak, D, Hong, J, Schrader, DL, Bayron, J, Golubov, O, Sanchez, P, Stromberg, J, Hirabayashi, M, Oliver, S, Rascon, M, Harch, A, Joseph, J, Squyres, S, Richardson, D, Emery, JP, McGraw, L, Ghent, R, Binzel, RP, Al Asad, MM, Johnson, CL, Philpott, L, Susorney, HCM, Cloutis, EA, Hanna, RD, Connolly, HC, Ciceri, F, Hildebrand, AR, Ibrahim, E-M, Breitenfeld, L, Glotch, T, Rogers, AD, Ferrone, S, Thomas, CA, Fernandez, Y, Chang, W, Cheuvront, A, Trang, D, Tachibana, S, Yurimoto, H, Brucato, JR, Poggiali, G, Pajola, M, Dotto, E, Epifani, EM, Crombie, MK, Lantz, C, de Leon, J, Licandro, J, Rizos Garcia, JL, Clemett, S, Thomas-Keprta, K, Van Wal, S, Yoshikawa, M, Bellerose, J, Bhaskaran, S, Boyles, C, Elder, CM, Farnocchia, D, Harbison, A, Kennedy, B, Knight, A, Martinez-Vlasoff, N, Mastrodemos, N, McElrath, T, Owen, W, Park, R, Rush, B, Swanson, L, Takahashi, Y, Velez, D, Yetter, K, Thayer, C, Adam, C, Antreasian, P, Bauman, J, Bryan, C, Carcich, B, Corvin, M, Geeraert, J, Hoffman, J, Leonard, JM, Lessac-Chenen, E, Levine, A, McAdams, J, McCarthy, L, Nelson, D, Page, B, Pelgrift, J, Sahr, E, Stakkestad, K, Stanbridge, D, Wibben, D, Williams, B, Williams, K, Wolff, P, Hayne, P, Kubitschek, D, Deshapriya, JDP, Fulchignoni, M, Hasselmann, P, Merlin, F, Praet, A, Billett, O, Boggs, A, Buck, B, Carlson-Kelly, S, Cerna, J, Chaffin, K, Church, E, Coltrin, M, Daly, J, Deguzman, A, Dubisher, R, Eckart, D, Ellis, D, Falkenstern, P, Fisher, A, Fisher, ME, Fleming, P, Fortney, K, Francis, S, Freund, S, Gonzales, S, Haas, P, Hasten, A, Hauf, D, Hilbert, A, Howell, D, Jaen, F, Jayakody, N, Jenkins, M, Johnson, K, Lefevre, M, Ma, H, Mario, C, Martin, K, May, C, McGee, M, Miller, B, Miller, C, Miller, G, Mirfakhrai, A, Muhle, E, Norman, C, Olds, R, Parish, C, Ryle, M, Schmitzer, M, Sherman, P, Skeen, M, Susak, M, Sutter, B, Tran, Q, Welch, C, Witherspoon, R, Wood, J, Zareski, J, Arvizu-Jakubicki, M, Asphaug, E, Audi, E, Ballouz, R-L, Bandrowski, R, Becker, KJ, Becker, TL, Bendall, S, Bennett, CA, Bloomenthal, H, Blum, D, Boynton, W, Brodbeck, J, Burke, KN, Chojnacki, M, Colpo, A, Contreras, J, Cutts, J, Dean, D, Diallo, B, Drinnon, D, Drozd, K, Enos, HL, Enos, R, Fellows, C, Ferro, T, Fisher, MR, Fitzgibbon, G, Fitzgibbon, M, Forelli, J, Forrester, T, Galinsky, I, Garcia, R, Gardner, A, Habib, N, Hamara, D, Hammond, D, Hanley, K, Harshman, K, Herzog, K, Hill, D, Hoekenga, C, Hooven, S, Huettner, E, Janakus, A, Jones, J, Kidd, J, Kingsbury, K, Balram-Knutson, SS, Koelbel, L, Kreiner, J, Lambert, D, Lewin, C, Lovelace, B, Loveridge, M, Lujan, M, Malhotra, R, Marchese, K, McDonough, E, Mogk, N, Morrison, V, Morton, E, Munoz, R, Nelson, J, Padilla, J, Pennington, R, Polit, A, Ramos, N, Reddy, V, Riehl, M, Roper, HL, Salazar, S, Schwartz, SR, Selznick, S, Shultz, N, Stewart, S, Sutton, S, Swindle, T, Tang, YH, Westermann, M, Wolner, CW, Worden, D, Zega, T, Zeszut, Z, Bjurstrom, A, Bloomquist, L, Dickinson, C, Keates, E, Liang, J, Nifo, V, Taylor, A, Teti, F, Caplinger, M, Bowles, H, Carter, S, Dickenshied, S, Doerres, D, Fisher, T, Hagee, W, Hill, J, Miner, M, Noss, D, Piacentine, N, Smith, M, Toland, A, Wren, P, Bernacki, M, Munoz, DP, Watanabe, S, Sandford, SA, Aqueche, A, Ashman, B, Barker, M, Bartels, A, Berry, K, Bos, B, Burns, R, Calloway, A, Carpenter, R, Castro, N, Cosentino, R, Donaldson, J, Dworkin, JP, Cook, JE, Emr, C, Everett, D, Fennell, D, Fleshman, K, Folta, D, Gallagher, D, Garvin, J, Getzandanner, K, Glavin, D, Hull, S, Hyde, K, Ido, H, Ingegneri, A, Jones, N, Kaotira, P, Lim, LF, Liounis, A, Lorentson, C, Lorenz, D, Lyzhoft, J, Mazarico, EM, Mink, R, Moore, W, Moreau, M, Mullen, S, Nagy, J, Neumann, G, Nuth, J, Poland, D, Reuter, DC, Rhoads, L, Rieger, S, Rowlands, D, Sallitt, D, Scroggins, A, Shaw, G, Simon, AA, Swenson, J, Vasudeva, P, Wasser, M, Zellar, R, Grossman, J, Johnston, G, Morris, M, Wendel, J, Burton, A, Keller, LP, McNamara, L, Messenger, S, Nakamura-Messenger, K, Nguyen, A, Righter, K, Queen, E, Bellamy, K, Dill, K, Gardner, S, Giuntini, M, Key, B, Kissell, J, Patterson, D, Vaughan, D, Wright, B, Gaskell, RW, Le Corre, L, Molaro, JL, Palmer, EE, Siegler, MA, Tricarico, P, Weirich, JR, Ireland, T, Tait, K, Bland, P, Anwar, S, Bojorquez-Murphy, N, Christensen, PR, Haberle, CW, Mehall, G, Rios, K, Franchi, I, Rozitis, B, Beddingfield, CB, Marshall, J, Brack, DN, French, AS, McMahon, JW, Jawin, ER, McCoy, TJ, Russell, S, Killgore, M, Bottke, WF, Hamilton, VE, Kaplan, HH, Walsh, KJ, Bandfield, JL, Clark, BC, Chodas, M, Lambert, M, Masterson, RA, Daly, MG, Freemantle, J, Seabrook, JA, Barnouin, OS, Craft, K, Daly, RT, Ernst, C, Espiritu, RC, Holdridge, M, Jones, M, Nair, AH, Nguyen, L, Peachey, J, Perry, ME, Plescia, J, Roberts, JH, Steele, R, Turner, R, Backer, J, Edmundson, K, Mapel, J, Milazzo, M, Sides, S, Manzoni, C, May, B, Delbo, M, Libourel, G, Michel, P, Ryan, A, Thuillet, F, Marty, B, Hergenrother, CW, Maleszewski, CK, Nolan, MC, Li, J-Y, d'Aubigny, CYD, Shelly, FC, Howell, ES, Kareta, TR, Izawa, MRM, Barucci, MA, Bierhaus, EB, Campins, H, Chesley, SR, Clark, BE, Christensen, EJ, DellaGiustina, DN, Fornasier, S, Golish, DR, Hartzell, CM, Rizk, B, Scheeres, DJ, Smith, PH, Zou, X-D, Lauretta, DS, Highsmith, DE, Small, J, Vokrouhlicky, D, Bowles, NE, Brown, E, Hanna, KLD, Warren, T, Brunet, C, Chicoine, RA, Desjardins, S, Gaudreau, D, Haltigin, T, Millington-Veloza, S, Rubi, A, Aponte, J, Gorius, N, Lunsford, A, Allen, B, Grindlay, J, Guevel, D, Hoak, D, Hong, J, Schrader, DL, Bayron, J, Golubov, O, Sanchez, P, Stromberg, J, Hirabayashi, M, Oliver, S, Rascon, M, Harch, A, Joseph, J, Squyres, S, Richardson, D, Emery, JP, McGraw, L, Ghent, R, Binzel, RP, Al Asad, MM, Johnson, CL, Philpott, L, Susorney, HCM, Cloutis, EA, Hanna, RD, Connolly, HC, Ciceri, F, Hildebrand, AR, Ibrahim, E-M, Breitenfeld, L, Glotch, T, Rogers, AD, Ferrone, S, Thomas, CA, Fernandez, Y, Chang, W, Cheuvront, A, Trang, D, Tachibana, S, Yurimoto, H, Brucato, JR, Poggiali, G, Pajola, M, Dotto, E, Epifani, EM, Crombie, MK, Lantz, C, de Leon, J, Licandro, J, Rizos Garcia, JL, Clemett, S, Thomas-Keprta, K, Van Wal, S, Yoshikawa, M, Bellerose, J, Bhaskaran, S, Boyles, C, Elder, CM, Farnocchia, D, Harbison, A, Kennedy, B, Knight, A, Martinez-Vlasoff, N, Mastrodemos, N, McElrath, T, Owen, W, Park, R, Rush, B, Swanson, L, Takahashi, Y, Velez, D, Yetter, K, Thayer, C, Adam, C, Antreasian, P, Bauman, J, Bryan, C, Carcich, B, Corvin, M, Geeraert, J, Hoffman, J, Leonard, JM, Lessac-Chenen, E, Levine, A, McAdams, J, McCarthy, L, Nelson, D, Page, B, Pelgrift, J, Sahr, E, Stakkestad, K, Stanbridge, D, Wibben, D, Williams, B, Williams, K, Wolff, P, Hayne, P, Kubitschek, D, Deshapriya, JDP, Fulchignoni, M, Hasselmann, P, Merlin, F, Praet, A, Billett, O, Boggs, A, Buck, B, Carlson-Kelly, S, Cerna, J, Chaffin, K, Church, E, Coltrin, M, Daly, J, Deguzman, A, Dubisher, R, Eckart, D, Ellis, D, Falkenstern, P, Fisher, A, Fisher, ME, Fleming, P, Fortney, K, Francis, S, Freund, S, Gonzales, S, Haas, P, Hasten, A, Hauf, D, Hilbert, A, Howell, D, Jaen, F, Jayakody, N, Jenkins, M, Johnson, K, Lefevre, M, Ma, H, Mario, C, Martin, K, May, C, McGee, M, Miller, B, Miller, C, Miller, G, Mirfakhrai, A, Muhle, E, Norman, C, Olds, R, Parish, C, Ryle, M, Schmitzer, M, Sherman, P, Skeen, M, Susak, M, Sutter, B, Tran, Q, Welch, C, Witherspoon, R, Wood, J, Zareski, J, Arvizu-Jakubicki, M, Asphaug, E, Audi, E, Ballouz, R-L, Bandrowski, R, Becker, KJ, Becker, TL, Bendall, S, Bennett, CA, Bloomenthal, H, Blum, D, Boynton, W, Brodbeck, J, Burke, KN, Chojnacki, M, Colpo, A, Contreras, J, Cutts, J, Dean, D, Diallo, B, Drinnon, D, Drozd, K, Enos, HL, Enos, R, Fellows, C, Ferro, T, Fisher, MR, Fitzgibbon, G, Fitzgibbon, M, Forelli, J, Forrester, T, Galinsky, I, Garcia, R, Gardner, A, Habib, N, Hamara, D, Hammond, D, Hanley, K, Harshman, K, Herzog, K, Hill, D, Hoekenga, C, Hooven, S, Huettner, E, Janakus, A, Jones, J, Kidd, J, Kingsbury, K, Balram-Knutson, SS, Koelbel, L, Kreiner, J, Lambert, D, Lewin, C, Lovelace, B, Loveridge, M, Lujan, M, Malhotra, R, Marchese, K, McDonough, E, Mogk, N, Morrison, V, Morton, E, Munoz, R, Nelson, J, Padilla, J, Pennington, R, Polit, A, Ramos, N, Reddy, V, Riehl, M, Roper, HL, Salazar, S, Schwartz, SR, Selznick, S, Shultz, N, Stewart, S, Sutton, S, Swindle, T, Tang, YH, Westermann, M, Wolner, CW, Worden, D, Zega, T, Zeszut, Z, Bjurstrom, A, Bloomquist, L, Dickinson, C, Keates, E, Liang, J, Nifo, V, Taylor, A, Teti, F, Caplinger, M, Bowles, H, Carter, S, Dickenshied, S, Doerres, D, Fisher, T, Hagee, W, Hill, J, Miner, M, Noss, D, Piacentine, N, Smith, M, Toland, A, Wren, P, Bernacki, M, Munoz, DP, Watanabe, S, Sandford, SA, Aqueche, A, Ashman, B, Barker, M, Bartels, A, Berry, K, Bos, B, Burns, R, Calloway, A, Carpenter, R, Castro, N, Cosentino, R, Donaldson, J, Dworkin, JP, Cook, JE, Emr, C, Everett, D, Fennell, D, Fleshman, K, Folta, D, Gallagher, D, Garvin, J, Getzandanner, K, Glavin, D, Hull, S, Hyde, K, Ido, H, Ingegneri, A, Jones, N, Kaotira, P, Lim, LF, Liounis, A, Lorentson, C, Lorenz, D, Lyzhoft, J, Mazarico, EM, Mink, R, Moore, W, Moreau, M, Mullen, S, Nagy, J, Neumann, G, Nuth, J, Poland, D, Reuter, DC, Rhoads, L, Rieger, S, Rowlands, D, Sallitt, D, Scroggins, A, Shaw, G, Simon, AA, Swenson, J, Vasudeva, P, Wasser, M, Zellar, R, Grossman, J, Johnston, G, Morris, M, Wendel, J, Burton, A, Keller, LP, McNamara, L, Messenger, S, Nakamura-Messenger, K, Nguyen, A, Righter, K, Queen, E, Bellamy, K, Dill, K, Gardner, S, Giuntini, M, Key, B, Kissell, J, Patterson, D, Vaughan, D, Wright, B, Gaskell, RW, Le Corre, L, Molaro, JL, Palmer, EE, Siegler, MA, Tricarico, P, Weirich, JR, Ireland, T, Tait, K, Bland, P, Anwar, S, Bojorquez-Murphy, N, Christensen, PR, Haberle, CW, Mehall, G, Rios, K, Franchi, I, Rozitis, B, Beddingfield, CB, Marshall, J, Brack, DN, French, AS, McMahon, JW, Jawin, ER, McCoy, TJ, Russell, S, Killgore, M, Bottke, WF, Hamilton, VE, Kaplan, HH, Walsh, KJ, Bandfield, JL, Clark, BC, Chodas, M, Lambert, M, Masterson, RA, Daly, MG, Freemantle, J, Seabrook, JA, Barnouin, OS, Craft, K, Daly, RT, Ernst, C, Espiritu, RC, Holdridge, M, Jones, M, Nair, AH, Nguyen, L, Peachey, J, Perry, ME, Plescia, J, Roberts, JH, Steele, R, Turner, R, Backer, J, Edmundson, K, Mapel, J, Milazzo, M, Sides, S, Manzoni, C, May, B, Delbo, M, Libourel, G, Michel, P, Ryan, A, Thuillet, F, and Marty, B

Abstract

During its approach to asteroid (101955) Bennu, NASA's Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft surveyed Bennu's immediate environment, photometric properties, and rotation state. Discovery of a dusty environment, a natural satellite, or unexpected asteroid characteristics would have had consequences for the mission's safety and observation strategy. Here we show that spacecraft observations during this period were highly sensitive to satellites (sub-meter scale) but reveal none, although later navigational images indicate that further investigation is needed. We constrain average dust production in September 2018 from Bennu's surface to an upper limit of 150 g s-1 averaged over 34 min. Bennu's disk-integrated photometric phase function validates measurements from the pre-encounter astronomical campaign. We demonstrate that Bennu's rotation rate is accelerating continuously at 3.63 ± 0.52 × 10-6 degrees day-2, likely due to the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect, with evolutionary implications.

Published
2019

3. Organic molecules in the Sheepbed Mudstone, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Miller, Kristen, Summons, Roger E, Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Eigenbrode, J. L., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., McAdam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M.-P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Miller, Kristen, Summons, Roger E, Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Eigenbrode, J. L., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., McAdam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., and Zorzano, M.-P.

Abstract

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on board the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover is designed to conduct inorganic and organic chemical analyses of the atmosphere and the surface regolith and rocks to help evaluate the past and present habitability potential of Mars at Gale Crater. Central to this task is the development of an inventory of any organic molecules present to elucidate processes associated with their origin, diagenesis, concentration, and long-term preservation. This will guide the future search for biosignatures. Here we report the definitive identification of chlorobenzene (150–300 parts per billion by weight (ppbw)) and C2 to C4 dichloroalkanes (up to 70 ppbw) with the SAM gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) and detection of chlorobenzene in the direct evolved gas analysis (EGA) mode, in multiple portions of the fines from the Cumberland drill hole in the Sheepbed mudstone at Yellowknife Bay. When combined with GCMS and EGA data from multiple scooped and drilled samples, blank runs, and supporting laboratory analog studies, the elevated levels of chlorobenzene and the dichloroalkanes cannot be solely explained by instrument background sources known to be present in SAM. We conclude that these chlorinated hydrocarbons are the reaction products of Martian chlorine and organic carbon derived from Martian sources (e.g., igneous, hydrothermal, atmospheric, or biological) or exogenous sources such as meteorites, comets, or interplanetary dust particles.

Published
2017

4. Organic molecules in the Sheepbed Mudstone, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Miller, K. E., Eigenbrode, J. L., Summons, R. E., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mcadam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M. P., the MSL Science Team, Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Miller, K. E., Eigenbrode, J. L., Summons, R. E., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mcadam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M. P., and the MSL Science Team

Abstract

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on board the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover is designed to conduct inorganic and organic chemical analyses of the atmosphere and the surface regolith and rocks to help evaluate the past and present habitability potential of Mars at Gale Crater. Central to this task is the development of an inventory of any organic molecules present to elucidate processes associated with their origin, diagenesis, concentration, and long-term preservation. This will guide the future search for biosignatures. Here we report the definitive identification of chlorobenzene (150-300 parts per billion by weight (ppbw)) and C2 to C4 dichloroalkanes (up to 70ppbw) with the SAM gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) and detection of chlorobenzene in the direct evolved gas analysis (EGA) mode, in multiple portions of the fines from the Cumberland drill hole in the Sheepbed mudstone at Yellowknife Bay. When combined with GCMS and EGA data from multiple scooped and drilled samples, blank runs, and supporting laboratory analog studies, the elevated levels of chlorobenzene and the dichloroalkanes cannot be solely explained by instrument background sources known to be present in SAM. We conclude that these chlorinated hydrocarbons are the reaction products of Martian chlorine and organic carbon derived from Martian sources (e.g., igneous, hydrothermal, atmospheric, or biological) or exogenous sources such as meteorites, comets, or interplanetary dust particles.

Published
2015

5. Organic molecules in the Sheepbed Mudstone, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Petrology, Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Miller, K. E., Eigenbrode, J. L., Summons, R. E., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mcadam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M. P., the MSL Science Team, Petrology, Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Miller, K. E., Eigenbrode, J. L., Summons, R. E., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mcadam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M. P., and the MSL Science Team

Published
2015

6. Organic molecules in the Sheepbed Mudstone, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Petrology, Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Miller, K. E., Eigenbrode, J. L., Summons, R. E., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mcadam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M. P., the MSL Science Team, Petrology, Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Miller, K. E., Eigenbrode, J. L., Summons, R. E., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mcadam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M. P., and the MSL Science Team

Published
2015

7. Organic molecules in the Sheepbed Mudstone, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Petrology, Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Miller, K. E., Eigenbrode, J. L., Summons, R. E., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mcadam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M. P., the MSL Science Team, Petrology, Freissinet, C., Glavin, D. P., Mahaffy, P. R., Miller, K. E., Eigenbrode, J. L., Summons, R. E., Brunner, A. E., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P. D., Franz, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Brinckerhoff, W. B., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P. G., Des Marais, D. J., Dworkin, J. P., Fairén, A. G., François, P., Grotzinger, J. P., Kashyap, S., ten Kate, I. L., Leshin, L. A., Malespin, C. A., Martin, M. G., Martin-Torres, F. J., Mcadam, A. C., Ming, D. W., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A. A., Prats, B. D., Squyres, S. W., Steele, A., Stern, J. C., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M. P., and the MSL Science Team

Published
2015

8. Organic molecules in the Sheepbed Mudstone, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Freissinet, C., Glavin, D., Mahaffy, P., Miller, K., Eigenbrode, J., Summons, Roger, Brunner, A., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P., Franz, H., Atreya, S., Brinckerhoff, W., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P., Des Marais, D., Dworkin, J., Fairén, A., François, P., Grotzinger, J., Kashyap, S., Ten Kate, I., Leshin, L., Malespin, C., Martin, M., Martin-Torres, F., Mcadam, A., Ming, D., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A., Prats, B., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J., Sumner, D., Sutter, B., Zorzano, M., Freissinet, C., Glavin, D., Mahaffy, P., Miller, K., Eigenbrode, J., Summons, Roger, Brunner, A., Buch, A., Szopa, C., Archer, P., Franz, H., Atreya, S., Brinckerhoff, W., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P., Des Marais, D., Dworkin, J., Fairén, A., François, P., Grotzinger, J., Kashyap, S., Ten Kate, I., Leshin, L., Malespin, C., Martin, M., Martin-Torres, F., Mcadam, A., Ming, D., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A., Prats, B., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J., Sumner, D., Sutter, B., and Zorzano, M.

Abstract

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on board the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover is designed to conduct inorganic and organic chemical analyses of the atmosphere and the surface regolith and rocks to help evaluate the past and present habitability potential of Mars at Gale Crater. Central to this task is the development of an inventory of any organic molecules present to elucidate processes associated with their origin, diagenesis, concentration, and long-term preservation. This will guide the future search for biosignatures. Here we report the definitive identification of chlorobenzene (150–300 parts per billion by weight (ppbw)) and C2 to C4 dichloroalkanes (up to 70 ppbw) with the SAM gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) and detection of chlorobenzene in the direct evolved gas analysis (EGA) mode, in multiple portions of the fines from the Cumberland drill hole in the Sheepbed mudstone at Yellowknife Bay. When combined with GCMS and EGA data from multiple scooped and drilled samples, blank runs, and supporting laboratory analog studies, the elevated levels of chlorobenzene and the dichloroalkanes cannot be solely explained by instrument background sources known to be present in SAM. We conclude that these chlorinated hydrocarbons are the reaction products of Martian chlorine and organic carbon derived from Martian sources (e.g., igneous, hydrothermal, atmospheric, or biological) or exogenous sources such as meteorites, comets, or interplanetary dust particles.

Published
2015

9. A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars.

Author

Grotzinger, JP, Grotzinger, JP, Sumner, DY, Kah, LC, Stack, K, Gupta, S, Edgar, L, Rubin, D, Lewis, K, Schieber, J, Mangold, N, Milliken, R, Conrad, PG, DesMarais, D, Farmer, J, Siebach, K, Calef, F, Hurowitz, J, McLennan, SM, Ming, D, Vaniman, D, Crisp, J, Vasavada, A, Edgett, KS, Malin, M, Blake, D, Gellert, R, Mahaffy, P, Wiens, RC, Maurice, S, Grant, JA, Wilson, S, Anderson, RC, Beegle, L, Arvidson, R, Hallet, B, Sletten, RS, Rice, M, Bell, J, Griffes, J, Ehlmann, B, Anderson, RB, Bristow, TF, Dietrich, WE, Dromart, G, Eigenbrode, J, Fraeman, A, Hardgrove, C, Herkenhoff, K, Jandura, L, Kocurek, G, Lee, S, Leshin, LA, Leveille, R, Limonadi, D, Maki, J, McCloskey, S, Meyer, M, Minitti, M, Newsom, H, Oehler, D, Okon, A, Palucis, M, Parker, T, Rowland, S, Schmidt, M, Squyres, S, Steele, A, Stolper, E, Summons, R, Treiman, A, Williams, R, Yingst, A, MSL Science Team, Grotzinger, JP, Grotzinger, JP, Sumner, DY, Kah, LC, Stack, K, Gupta, S, Edgar, L, Rubin, D, Lewis, K, Schieber, J, Mangold, N, Milliken, R, Conrad, PG, DesMarais, D, Farmer, J, Siebach, K, Calef, F, Hurowitz, J, McLennan, SM, Ming, D, Vaniman, D, Crisp, J, Vasavada, A, Edgett, KS, Malin, M, Blake, D, Gellert, R, Mahaffy, P, Wiens, RC, Maurice, S, Grant, JA, Wilson, S, Anderson, RC, Beegle, L, Arvidson, R, Hallet, B, Sletten, RS, Rice, M, Bell, J, Griffes, J, Ehlmann, B, Anderson, RB, Bristow, TF, Dietrich, WE, Dromart, G, Eigenbrode, J, Fraeman, A, Hardgrove, C, Herkenhoff, K, Jandura, L, Kocurek, G, Lee, S, Leshin, LA, Leveille, R, Limonadi, D, Maki, J, McCloskey, S, Meyer, M, Minitti, M, Newsom, H, Oehler, D, Okon, A, Palucis, M, Parker, T, Rowland, S, Schmidt, M, Squyres, S, Steele, A, Stolper, E, Summons, R, Treiman, A, Williams, R, Yingst, A, and MSL Science Team

Abstract

The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.

Published
2014

10. A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Grotzinger, J.P., Sumner, D.Y., Kah, L.C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P.G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef III, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K.S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Grant, J.A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R.C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R.S., Rice, M., Bell III, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R.B., Bristow, T.F., Dietrich, W.E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L.A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., Yingst, A., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Grotzinger, J.P., Sumner, D.Y., Kah, L.C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P.G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef III, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K.S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Grant, J.A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R.C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R.S., Rice, M., Bell III, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R.B., Bristow, T.F., Dietrich, W.E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L.A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., Yingst, A., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2014

11. A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars.

Author

Grotzinger, JP, Grotzinger, JP, Sumner, DY, Kah, LC, Stack, K, Gupta, S, Edgar, L, Rubin, D, Lewis, K, Schieber, J, Mangold, N, Milliken, R, Conrad, PG, DesMarais, D, Farmer, J, Siebach, K, Calef, F, Hurowitz, J, McLennan, SM, Ming, D, Vaniman, D, Crisp, J, Vasavada, A, Edgett, KS, Malin, M, Blake, D, Gellert, R, Mahaffy, P, Wiens, RC, Maurice, S, Grant, JA, Wilson, S, Anderson, RC, Beegle, L, Arvidson, R, Hallet, B, Sletten, RS, Rice, M, Bell, J, Griffes, J, Ehlmann, B, Anderson, RB, Bristow, TF, Dietrich, WE, Dromart, G, Eigenbrode, J, Fraeman, A, Hardgrove, C, Herkenhoff, K, Jandura, L, Kocurek, G, Lee, S, Leshin, LA, Leveille, R, Limonadi, D, Maki, J, McCloskey, S, Meyer, M, Minitti, M, Newsom, H, Oehler, D, Okon, A, Palucis, M, Parker, T, Rowland, S, Schmidt, M, Squyres, S, Steele, A, Stolper, E, Summons, R, Treiman, A, Williams, R, Yingst, A, MSL Science Team, Grotzinger, JP, Grotzinger, JP, Sumner, DY, Kah, LC, Stack, K, Gupta, S, Edgar, L, Rubin, D, Lewis, K, Schieber, J, Mangold, N, Milliken, R, Conrad, PG, DesMarais, D, Farmer, J, Siebach, K, Calef, F, Hurowitz, J, McLennan, SM, Ming, D, Vaniman, D, Crisp, J, Vasavada, A, Edgett, KS, Malin, M, Blake, D, Gellert, R, Mahaffy, P, Wiens, RC, Maurice, S, Grant, JA, Wilson, S, Anderson, RC, Beegle, L, Arvidson, R, Hallet, B, Sletten, RS, Rice, M, Bell, J, Griffes, J, Ehlmann, B, Anderson, RB, Bristow, TF, Dietrich, WE, Dromart, G, Eigenbrode, J, Fraeman, A, Hardgrove, C, Herkenhoff, K, Jandura, L, Kocurek, G, Lee, S, Leshin, LA, Leveille, R, Limonadi, D, Maki, J, McCloskey, S, Meyer, M, Minitti, M, Newsom, H, Oehler, D, Okon, A, Palucis, M, Parker, T, Rowland, S, Schmidt, M, Squyres, S, Steele, A, Stolper, E, Summons, R, Treiman, A, Williams, R, Yingst, A, and MSL Science Team

Abstract

The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.

Published
2014

12. A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Grotzinger, J.P., Sumner, D.Y., Kah, L.C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P.G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef III, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K.S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Grant, J.A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R.C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R.S., Rice, M., Bell III, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R.B., Bristow, T.F., Dietrich, W.E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L.A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., Yingst, A., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Grotzinger, J.P., Sumner, D.Y., Kah, L.C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P.G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef III, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K.S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Grant, J.A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R.C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R.S., Rice, M., Bell III, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R.B., Bristow, T.F., Dietrich, W.E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L.A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., Yingst, A., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2014

13. A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Grotzinger, J.P., Sumner, D.Y., Kah, L.C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P.G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef III, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K.S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Grant, J.A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R.C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R.S., Rice, M., Bell III, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R.B., Bristow, T.F., Dietrich, W.E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L.A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., Yingst, A., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Grotzinger, J.P., Sumner, D.Y., Kah, L.C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P.G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef III, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K.S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Grant, J.A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R.C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R.S., Rice, M., Bell III, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R.B., Bristow, T.F., Dietrich, W.E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L.A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., Yingst, A., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2014

14. Abundance and isotopic composition of gases in the martian atmosphere from the Curiosity rover

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Atreya, S.K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P.G., Harpold, D., Jones, J.J., Leshin, L.A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Trainer, M., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Atreya, S.K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P.G., Harpold, D., Jones, J.J., Leshin, L.A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Trainer, M., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2013

15. Volatile, isotope, and organic analysis of martian fines with the Mars curiosity rover

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Leshin, L.A., Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P.G., Archer Jr., P.D., Atreya, S.K., Brunner, A.E., Buch, A., Eigenbrode, J.L., Flesch, G.J., Franz, H.B., Freissinet, C., Glavin, D.P., McAdam, A.C., Miller, K.E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Niles, P.B., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J.C., Summons, R.E., Sumner, D.Y., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Wray, J.J., Grotzinger, J.P., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Leshin, L.A., Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P.G., Archer Jr., P.D., Atreya, S.K., Brunner, A.E., Buch, A., Eigenbrode, J.L., Flesch, G.J., Franz, H.B., Freissinet, C., Glavin, D.P., McAdam, A.C., Miller, K.E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Niles, P.B., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J.C., Summons, R.E., Sumner, D.Y., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Wray, J.J., Grotzinger, J.P., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2013

16. Abundance and isotopic composition of gases in the martian atmosphere from the Curiosity rover

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Atreya, S.K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P.G., Harpold, D., Jones, J.J., Leshin, L.A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Trainer, M., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Atreya, S.K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P.G., Harpold, D., Jones, J.J., Leshin, L.A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Trainer, M., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2013

17. Volatile, isotope, and organic analysis of martian fines with the Mars curiosity rover

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Leshin, L.A., Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P.G., Archer Jr., P.D., Atreya, S.K., Brunner, A.E., Buch, A., Eigenbrode, J.L., Flesch, G.J., Franz, H.B., Freissinet, C., Glavin, D.P., McAdam, A.C., Miller, K.E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Niles, P.B., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J.C., Summons, R.E., Sumner, D.Y., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Wray, J.J., Grotzinger, J.P., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Leshin, L.A., Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P.G., Archer Jr., P.D., Atreya, S.K., Brunner, A.E., Buch, A., Eigenbrode, J.L., Flesch, G.J., Franz, H.B., Freissinet, C., Glavin, D.P., McAdam, A.C., Miller, K.E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Niles, P.B., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J.C., Summons, R.E., Sumner, D.Y., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Wray, J.J., Grotzinger, J.P., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2013

18. Abundance and isotopic composition of gases in the martian atmosphere from the Curiosity rover

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Atreya, S.K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P.G., Harpold, D., Jones, J.J., Leshin, L.A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Trainer, M., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Atreya, S.K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P.G., Harpold, D., Jones, J.J., Leshin, L.A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Trainer, M., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2013

19. Volatile, isotope, and organic analysis of martian fines with the Mars curiosity rover

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Leshin, L.A., Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P.G., Archer Jr., P.D., Atreya, S.K., Brunner, A.E., Buch, A., Eigenbrode, J.L., Flesch, G.J., Franz, H.B., Freissinet, C., Glavin, D.P., McAdam, A.C., Miller, K.E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Niles, P.B., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J.C., Summons, R.E., Sumner, D.Y., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Wray, J.J., Grotzinger, J.P., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Leshin, L.A., Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P.G., Archer Jr., P.D., Atreya, S.K., Brunner, A.E., Buch, A., Eigenbrode, J.L., Flesch, G.J., Franz, H.B., Freissinet, C., Glavin, D.P., McAdam, A.C., Miller, K.E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Niles, P.B., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J.C., Summons, R.E., Sumner, D.Y., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Wray, J.J., Grotzinger, J.P., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2013

20. Opportunity Mars Rover mission : Overview and selected results from Purgatory ripple to traverses to Endeavour crater

Author

Arvidson, R. E., Ashley, J. W., Bell III, J. F., Chojnacki, M., Cohen, J., Economou, T. E., Farrand, W. H., Fergason, R., Fleischer, I., Geissler, P., Gellert, R., Golombek, M. P., Grotzinger, J. P., Guinness, E. A., Haberle, R. M., Herkenhoff, K. E., Herman, J. A., Iagnemma, Karl, Jolliff, B. L., Johnson, J. R., Klingelhöfer, G., Knoll, A. H., Knudson, A. T., Li, R., McLennan, S. M., Mittlefehldt, D. W., Morris, R. V., Parker, T. J., Rice, M. S., Schröder, C., Soderblom, L. A., Squyres, S. W., Sullivan, R. J., Wolff, M. J., Arvidson, R. E., Ashley, J. W., Bell III, J. F., Chojnacki, M., Cohen, J., Economou, T. E., Farrand, W. H., Fergason, R., Fleischer, I., Geissler, P., Gellert, R., Golombek, M. P., Grotzinger, J. P., Guinness, E. A., Haberle, R. M., Herkenhoff, K. E., Herman, J. A., Iagnemma, Karl, Jolliff, B. L., Johnson, J. R., Klingelhöfer, G., Knoll, A. H., Knudson, A. T., Li, R., McLennan, S. M., Mittlefehldt, D. W., Morris, R. V., Parker, T. J., Rice, M. S., Schröder, C., Soderblom, L. A., Squyres, S. W., Sullivan, R. J., and Wolff, M. J.

Abstract

Opportunity has been traversing the Meridiani plains since 25 January 2004 (sol 1), acquiring numerous observations of the atmosphere, soils, and rocks. This paper provides an overview of key discoveries between sols 511 and 2300, complementing earlier papers covering results from the initial phases of the mission. Key new results include (1) atmospheric argon measurements that demonstrate the importance of atmospheric transport to and from the winter carbon dioxide polar ice caps; (2) observations showing that aeolian ripples covering the plains were generated by easterly winds during an epoch with enhanced Hadley cell circulation; (3) the discovery and characterization of cobbles and boulders that include iron and stony-iron meteorites and Martian impact ejecta; (4) measurements of wall rock strata within Erebus and Victoria craters that provide compelling evidence of formation by aeolian sand deposition, with local reworking within ephemeral lakes; (5) determination that the stratigraphy exposed in the walls of Victoria and Endurance craters show an enrichment of chlorine and depletion of magnesium and sulfur with increasing depth. This result implies that regional-scale aqueous alteration took place before formation of these craters. Most recently, Opportunity has been traversing toward the ancient Endeavour crater. Orbital data show that clay minerals are exposed on its rim. Hydrated sulfate minerals are exposed in plains rocks adjacent to the rim, unlike the surfaces of plains outcrops observed thus far by Opportunity. With continued mechanical health, Opportunity will reach terrains on and around Endeavour's rim that will be markedly different from anything examined to date. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.

Published
2011
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21. Spirit Mars Rover Mission : Overview and selected results from the northern Home Plate Winter Haven to the side of Scamander crater

Author

Arvidson, R. E., Bell III, J. F., Bellutta, P., Cabrol, N. A., Catalano, J. G., Cohen, J., Crumpler, L. S., Marais, D. J. Des, Estlin, T. A., Farrand, W. H., Gellert, R., Grant, J. A., Greenberger, R. N., Guinness, E. A., Herkenhoff, K. E., Herman, J. A., Iagnemma, Karl, Johnson, J. R., Klingelhöfer, G., Li, R., Lichtenberg, K. A., Maxwell, S. A., Ming, D. W., Morris, R. V., Rice, M. S., Ruff, S. W., Shaw, A., Siebach, K. L., de Souza, P. A., Stroupe, A. W., Squyres, S. W., Sullivan, R. J., Talley, K. P., Townsend, J. A., Wang, A., Wright, J. R., Yen, A. S., Arvidson, R. E., Bell III, J. F., Bellutta, P., Cabrol, N. A., Catalano, J. G., Cohen, J., Crumpler, L. S., Marais, D. J. Des, Estlin, T. A., Farrand, W. H., Gellert, R., Grant, J. A., Greenberger, R. N., Guinness, E. A., Herkenhoff, K. E., Herman, J. A., Iagnemma, Karl, Johnson, J. R., Klingelhöfer, G., Li, R., Lichtenberg, K. A., Maxwell, S. A., Ming, D. W., Morris, R. V., Rice, M. S., Ruff, S. W., Shaw, A., Siebach, K. L., de Souza, P. A., Stroupe, A. W., Squyres, S. W., Sullivan, R. J., Talley, K. P., Townsend, J. A., Wang, A., Wright, J. R., and Yen, A. S.

Published
2010
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22. Light-toned salty soils and coexisting Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills

Author

Wang, Alian, Bell, J. F. III, Li, Ron, Johnson, J. R., Farrand, W. H., Cloutis, E. A., Arvidson, R. E., Crumpler, L., Squyres, S. W., McLennan, S. M., Herkenhoff, K. E., Ruff, S. W., Knudson, A. T., Chen, Wei, Greenberger, R., Wang, Alian, Bell, J. F. III, Li, Ron, Johnson, J. R., Farrand, W. H., Cloutis, E. A., Arvidson, R. E., Crumpler, L., Squyres, S. W., McLennan, S. M., Herkenhoff, K. E., Ruff, S. W., Knudson, A. T., Chen, Wei, and Greenberger, R.

Abstract

Light-toned soils were exposed, through serendipitous excavations by Spirit Rover wheels, at eight locations in the Columbia Hills. Their occurrences were grouped into four types on the basis of geomorphic settings. At three major exposures, the light-toned soils are hydrous and sulfate-rich. The spatial distributions of distinct types of salty soils vary substantially: with centimeter-scaled heterogeneities at Paso Robles, Dead Sea, Shredded, and Champagne-Penny, a well-mixed nature for light-toned soils occurring near and at the summit of Husband Hill, and relatively homogeneous distributions in the two layers at the Tyrone site. Aeolian, fumarolic, and hydrothermal fluid processes are suggested to be responsible for the deposition, transportation, and accumulation of these light-toned soils. In addition, a change in Pancam spectra of Tyrone yellowish soils was observed after being exposed to current Martian surface conditions for 175 sols. This change is interpreted to be caused by the dehydration of ferric sulfates on the basis of laboratory simulations and suggests a relative humidity gradient beneath the surface. Sirich nodules and soils were observed near the major exposures of S-rich soils. They possess a characteristic feature in Pancam visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectra that may be diagnostic of hydrated species, and this spectral feature can be used to search for additional Si-rich species. The exposures of hydrated salty soils within various geomorphic settings imply the potential existence of hydrous minerals in similar settings over a much wider area. Hydrous sulfates represent one of the candidates that may contribute the high level of water equivalent hydrogen in equatorial regions detected by the Neutron Spectrometer on Mars Odyssey.

Published
2008

23. Light-toned salty soils and coexisting Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills

Author

Wang, Alian, Bell, J. F. III, Li, Ron, Johnson, J. R., Farrand, W. H., Cloutis, E. A., Arvidson, R. E., Crumpler, L., Squyres, S. W., McLennan, S. M., Herkenhoff, K. E., Ruff, S. W., Knudson, A. T., Chen, Wei, Greenberger, R., Wang, Alian, Bell, J. F. III, Li, Ron, Johnson, J. R., Farrand, W. H., Cloutis, E. A., Arvidson, R. E., Crumpler, L., Squyres, S. W., McLennan, S. M., Herkenhoff, K. E., Ruff, S. W., Knudson, A. T., Chen, Wei, and Greenberger, R.

Abstract

Light-toned soils were exposed, through serendipitous excavations by Spirit Rover wheels, at eight locations in the Columbia Hills. Their occurrences were grouped into four types on the basis of geomorphic settings. At three major exposures, the light-toned soils are hydrous and sulfate-rich. The spatial distributions of distinct types of salty soils vary substantially: with centimeter-scaled heterogeneities at Paso Robles, Dead Sea, Shredded, and Champagne-Penny, a well-mixed nature for light-toned soils occurring near and at the summit of Husband Hill, and relatively homogeneous distributions in the two layers at the Tyrone site. Aeolian, fumarolic, and hydrothermal fluid processes are suggested to be responsible for the deposition, transportation, and accumulation of these light-toned soils. In addition, a change in Pancam spectra of Tyrone yellowish soils was observed after being exposed to current Martian surface conditions for 175 sols. This change is interpreted to be caused by the dehydration of ferric sulfates on the basis of laboratory simulations and suggests a relative humidity gradient beneath the surface. Sirich nodules and soils were observed near the major exposures of S-rich soils. They possess a characteristic feature in Pancam visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectra that may be diagnostic of hydrated species, and this spectral feature can be used to search for additional Si-rich species. The exposures of hydrated salty soils within various geomorphic settings imply the potential existence of hydrous minerals in similar settings over a much wider area. Hydrous sulfates represent one of the candidates that may contribute the high level of water equivalent hydrogen in equatorial regions detected by the Neutron Spectrometer on Mars Odyssey.

Published
2008

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