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2. The CYGNO Experiment

Author

Amaro, Fernando Domingues, Baracchini, Elisabetta, Benussi, Luigi, Bianco, Stefano, Capoccia, Cesidio, Caponero, Michele, Cardoso, Danilo Santos, Cavoto, Gianluca, Cortez, André, Costa, Igor Abritta, Roque, Rita Joanna da Cruz, Dané, Emiliano, Dho, Giorgio, Di Giambattista, Flaminia, Di Marco, Emanuele, di Cortona, Giovanni Grilli, D'Imperio, Giulia, Iacoangeli, Francesco, Júnior, Herman Pessoa Lima, Lopes, Guilherme Sebastiao Pinheiro, Júnior, Amaro da Silva Lopes, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Mano, Rui Daniel Passos, Marafini, Michela, Gregorio, Robert Renz Marcelo, Marques, David José Gaspar, Mazzitelli, Giovanni, McLean, Alasdair Gregor, Messina, Andrea, Monteiro, Cristina Maria Bernardes, Nobrega, Rafael Antunes, Pains, Igor Fonseca, Paoletti, Emiliano, Passamonti, Luciano, Pelosi, Sandro, Petrucci, Fabrizio, Piacentini, Stefano, Piccolo, Davide, Pierluigi, Daniele, Pinci, Davide, Prajapati, Atul, Renga, Francesco, Rosatelli, Filippo, Russo, Alessandro, Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira dos, Saviano, Giovanna, Spooner, Neil John Curwen, Tesauro, Roberto, Tomassini, Sandro, Torelli, Samuele, Amaro, Fernando Domingues, Baracchini, Elisabetta, Benussi, Luigi, Bianco, Stefano, Capoccia, Cesidio, Caponero, Michele, Cardoso, Danilo Santos, Cavoto, Gianluca, Cortez, André, Costa, Igor Abritta, Roque, Rita Joanna da Cruz, Dané, Emiliano, Dho, Giorgio, Di Giambattista, Flaminia, Di Marco, Emanuele, di Cortona, Giovanni Grilli, D'Imperio, Giulia, Iacoangeli, Francesco, Júnior, Herman Pessoa Lima, Lopes, Guilherme Sebastiao Pinheiro, Júnior, Amaro da Silva Lopes, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Mano, Rui Daniel Passos, Marafini, Michela, Gregorio, Robert Renz Marcelo, Marques, David José Gaspar, Mazzitelli, Giovanni, McLean, Alasdair Gregor, Messina, Andrea, Monteiro, Cristina Maria Bernardes, Nobrega, Rafael Antunes, Pains, Igor Fonseca, Paoletti, Emiliano, Passamonti, Luciano, Pelosi, Sandro, Petrucci, Fabrizio, Piacentini, Stefano, Piccolo, Davide, Pierluigi, Daniele, Pinci, Davide, Prajapati, Atul, Renga, Francesco, Rosatelli, Filippo, Russo, Alessandro, Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira dos, Saviano, Giovanna, Spooner, Neil John Curwen, Tesauro, Roberto, Tomassini, Sandro, and Torelli, Samuele

Abstract

The search for a novel technology able to detect and reconstruct nuclear and electron recoil events with the energy of a few keV has become more and more important now that large regions of high-mass dark matter (DM) candidates have been excluded. Moreover, a detector sensitive to incoming particle direction will be crucial in the case of DM discovery to open the possibility of studying its properties. Gaseous time projection chambers (TPC) with optical readout are very promising detectors combining the detailed event information provided by the TPC technique with the high sensitivity and granularity of latest-generation scientific light sensors. The CYGNO experiment (a CYGNus module with Optical readout) aims to exploit the optical readout approach of multiple-GEM structures in large volume TPCs for the study of rare events as interactions of low-mass DM or solar neutrinos. The combined use of high-granularity sCMOS cameras and fast light sensors allows the reconstruction of the 3D direction of the tracks, offering good energy resolution and very high sensitivity in the few keV energy range, together with a very good particle identification useful for distinguishing nuclear recoils from electronic recoils. This experiment is part of the CYGNUS proto-collaboration, which aims at constructing a network of underground observatories for directional DM search. A one cubic meter demonstrator is expected to be built in 2022/23 aiming at a larger scale apparatus (30 m$^3$--100 m$^3$) at a later stage.

Published
2022
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4. An experiment to search for dark matter interactions using sodium iodide detectors

Author

Adhikari, Govinda, Adhikari, Pushparaj, de Souza, Estella Barbosa, Carlin, Nelson, Choi, Seonho, Djamal, Mitra, Ezeribe, Anthony C., Ha, Chang Hyon, Hahn, Insik, Hubbard, Antonia J. F., Jeon, Eunju, Jo, Jay Hyun, Joo, Hanwool, Kang, Woon Gu, Kang, Woosik, Kauer, Matthew, Kim, Bonghee, Kim, Hyounggyu, Kim, Hongjoo, Kim, Kyungwon, Kim, Nam Young, Kim, Sun Kee, Kim, Yeongduk, Kim, Yong-Hamb, Ko, Young Ju, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Lee, Hyun Su, Lee, Jaison, Lee, Jooyoung, Lee, Moo Hyun, Leonard, Douglas S., Lynch, Warren A., Maruyama, Reina H., Mouton, Frederic, Olsen, Stephen L., Park, Byungju, Park, Hyang Kyu, Park, Hyeonseo, Park, Jungsic, Park, Kangsoon, Pettus, Walter C., Prihtiadi, Hafizh, Ra, Sejin, Rott, Carsten, Scarff, Andrew, Shin, Keon Ah, Spooner, Neil J. C., Thompson, William G., Yang, Liang, Yong, Seok Hyun, Adhikari, Govinda, Adhikari, Pushparaj, de Souza, Estella Barbosa, Carlin, Nelson, Choi, Seonho, Djamal, Mitra, Ezeribe, Anthony C., Ha, Chang Hyon, Hahn, Insik, Hubbard, Antonia J. F., Jeon, Eunju, Jo, Jay Hyun, Joo, Hanwool, Kang, Woon Gu, Kang, Woosik, Kauer, Matthew, Kim, Bonghee, Kim, Hyounggyu, Kim, Hongjoo, Kim, Kyungwon, Kim, Nam Young, Kim, Sun Kee, Kim, Yeongduk, Kim, Yong-Hamb, Ko, Young Ju, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Lee, Hyun Su, Lee, Jaison, Lee, Jooyoung, Lee, Moo Hyun, Leonard, Douglas S., Lynch, Warren A., Maruyama, Reina H., Mouton, Frederic, Olsen, Stephen L., Park, Byungju, Park, Hyang Kyu, Park, Hyeonseo, Park, Jungsic, Park, Kangsoon, Pettus, Walter C., Prihtiadi, Hafizh, Ra, Sejin, Rott, Carsten, Scarff, Andrew, Shin, Keon Ah, Spooner, Neil J. C., Thompson, William G., Yang, Liang, and Yong, Seok Hyun

Abstract

Observations of galaxies and primordial radiation suggest that the Universe is made mostly of non-luminous dark matter. Several types of new fundamental particles have been proposed as candidates for dark matter such as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) but no definitive signal has been seen despite concerted efforts by many collaborations. One exception is the much-debated claim by the DAMA collaboration of a statistically significant annual modulation in the event rate of their experiment with a period and phase consistent with that expected from WIMP dark matter. Several groups have been working to develop experiments with the aim of reproducing DAMA's results using the same target medium. Here we report results from the initial operation of the COSINE-100 experiment. COSINE-100 uses sodium iodide as the target medium-the same medium as DAMA-and is designed to carry out a model-independent test of DAMA's claim. Initial data based on the first 59.5 days indicate that there is no excess of events over the expected background, confirming that DAMA's annual modulation signal is in severe tension with results from other experiments under the assumption of dark matter having spin independent interactions and the Standard Halo Model. COSINE-100 is now taking data to study the presence of dark matter-induced annual modulation in the event rate of the sodium iodide detectors., Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures

Published
2019
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5. US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report

Author

Battaglieri, Marco, Belloni, Alberto, Chou, Aaron, Cushman, Priscilla, Echenard, Bertrand, Essig, Rouven, Estrada, Juan, Feng, Jonathan L., Flaugher, Brenna, Fox, Patrick J., Graham, Peter, Hall, Carter, Harnik, Roni, Hewett, JoAnne, Incandela, Joseph, Izaguirre, Eder, McKinsey, Daniel, Pyle, Matthew, Roe, Natalie, Rybka, Gray, Sikivie, Pierre, Tait, Tim M. P., Toro, Natalia, Van De Water, Richard, Weiner, Neal, Zurek, Kathryn, Adelberger, Eric, Afanasev, Andrei, Alexander, Derbin, Alexander, James, Antochi, Vasile Cristian, Asner, David Mark, Baer, Howard, Banerjee, Dipanwita, Baracchini, Elisabetta, Barbeau, Phillip, Barrow, Joshua, Bastidon, Noemie, Battat, James, Benson, Stephen, Berlin, Asher, Bird, Mark, Blinov, Nikita, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bondi, Mariangela, Bonivento, Walter M., Boulay, Mark, Boyce, James, Brodeur, Maxime, Broussard, Leah, Budnik, Ranny, Bunting, Philip, Caffee, Marc, Caiazza, Sabato Stefano, Campbell, Sheldon, Cao, Tongtong, Carosi, Gianpaolo, Carpinelli, Massimo, Cavoto, Gianluca, Celentano, Andrea, Chang, Jae Hyeok, Chattopadhyay, Swapan, Chavarria, Alvaro, Chen, Chien-Yi, Clark, Kenneth, Clarke, John, Colegrove, Owen, Coleman, Jonathon, Cooke, David, Cooper, Robert, Crisler, Michael, Crivelli, Paolo, D'Eramo, Francesco, D'Urso, Domenico, Dahl, Eric, Dawson, William, De Napoli, Marzio, De Vita, Raffaella, DeNiverville, Patrick, Derenzo, Stephen, Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Di Marco, Emanuele, Dienes, Keith R., Diwan, Milind, Dongwi, Dongwi Handiipondola, Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Ellis, Sebastian, Ezeribe, Anthony Chigbo, Farrar, Glennys, Ferrer, Francesc, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Filippi, Alessandra, Fiorillo, Giuliana, Fornal, Bartosz, Freyberger, Arne, Frugiuele, Claudia, Galbiati, Cristian, Galon, Iftah, Gardner, Susan, Geraci, Andrew, Gerbier, Gilles, Graham, Mathew, Gschwendtner, Edda, Hearty, Christopher, Heise, Jaret, Henning, Reyco, Hill, Richard J., Hitlin, David, Hochberg, Yonit, Hogan, Jason, Holtrop, Maurik, Hong, Ziqing, Hossbach, Todd, Humensky, T. B., Ilten, Philip, Irwin, Kent, Jaros, John, Johnson, Robert, Jones, Matthew, Kahn, Yonatan, Kalantarians, Narbe, Kaplinghat, Manoj, Khatiwada, Rakshya, Knapen, Simon, Kohl, Michael, Kouvaris, Chris, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Krnjaic, Gordan, Kubarovsky, Valery, Kuflik, Eric, Kusenko, Alexander, Lang, Rafael, Leach, Kyle, Lin, Tongyan, Lisanti, Mariangela, Liu, Jing, Liu, Kun, Liu, Ming, Loomba, Dinesh, Lykken, Joseph, Mack, Katherine, Mans, Jeremiah, Maris, Humphrey, Markiewicz, Thomas, Marsicano, Luca, Martoff, C. J., Mazzitelli, Giovanni, McCabe, Christopher, McDermott, Samuel D., McDonald, Art, McKinnon, Bryan, Mei, Dongming, Melia, Tom, Miller, Gerald A., Miuchi, Kentaro, Nazeer, Sahara Mohammed Prem, Moreno, Omar, Morozov, Vasiliy, Mouton, Frederic, Mueller, Holger, Murphy, Alexander, Neilson, Russell, Nelson, Tim, Neu, Christopher, Nosochkov, Yuri, O'Hare, Ciaran, Oblath, Noah, Orrell, John, Ouellet, Jonathan, Pastore, Saori, Paul, Sebouh, Perelstein, Maxim, Peter, Annika, Phan, Nguyen, Phinney, Nan, Pivovaroff, Michael, Pocar, Andrea, Pospelov, Maxim, Pradler, Josef, Privitera, Paolo, Profumo, Stefano, Raggi, Mauro, Rajendran, Surjeet, Randazzo, Nunzio, Raubenheimer, Tor, Regenfus, Christian, Renshaw, Andrew, Ritz, Adam, Rizzo, Thomas, Rosenberg, Leslie, Rubbia, Andre, Rybolt, Ben, Saab, Tarek, Safdi, Benjamin R., Santopinto, Elena, Scarff, Andrew, Schneider, Michael, Schuster, Philip, Seidel, George, Sekiya, Hiroyuki, Seong, Ilsoo, Simi, Gabriele, Sipala, Valeria, Slatyer, Tracy, Slone, Oren, Smith, Peter F, Smolinsky, Jordan, Snowden-Ifft, Daniel, Solt, Matthew, Sonnenschein, Andrew, Sorensen, Peter, Spooner, Neil, Srivastava, Brijesh, Stancu, Ion, Strigari, Louis, Strube, Jan, Sushkov, Alexander O., Szydagis, Matthew, Tanedo, Philip, Tanner, David, Tayloe, Rex, Terrano, William, Thaler, Jesse, Thomas, Brooks, Thorpe, Brianna, Thorpe, Thomas, Tiffenberg, Javier, Tran, Nhan, Trovato, Marco, Tully, Christopher, Tyson, Tony, Vachaspati, Tanmay, Vahsen, Sven, van Bibber, Karl, Vandenbroucke, Justin, Villano, Anthony, Volansky, Tomer, Wang, Guojian, Ward, Thomas, Wester, William, Whitbeck, Andrew, Williams, David A., Wing, Matthew, Winslow, Lindley, Wojtsekhowski, Bogdan, Yu, Hai-Bo, Yu, Shin-Shan, Yu, Tien-Tien, Zhang, Xilin, Zhao, Yue, Zhong, Yi-Ming, Battaglieri, Marco, Belloni, Alberto, Chou, Aaron, Cushman, Priscilla, Echenard, Bertrand, Essig, Rouven, Estrada, Juan, Feng, Jonathan L., Flaugher, Brenna, Fox, Patrick J., Graham, Peter, Hall, Carter, Harnik, Roni, Hewett, JoAnne, Incandela, Joseph, Izaguirre, Eder, McKinsey, Daniel, Pyle, Matthew, Roe, Natalie, Rybka, Gray, Sikivie, Pierre, Tait, Tim M. P., Toro, Natalia, Van De Water, Richard, Weiner, Neal, Zurek, Kathryn, Adelberger, Eric, Afanasev, Andrei, Alexander, Derbin, Alexander, James, Antochi, Vasile Cristian, Asner, David Mark, Baer, Howard, Banerjee, Dipanwita, Baracchini, Elisabetta, Barbeau, Phillip, Barrow, Joshua, Bastidon, Noemie, Battat, James, Benson, Stephen, Berlin, Asher, Bird, Mark, Blinov, Nikita, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bondi, Mariangela, Bonivento, Walter M., Boulay, Mark, Boyce, James, Brodeur, Maxime, Broussard, Leah, Budnik, Ranny, Bunting, Philip, Caffee, Marc, Caiazza, Sabato Stefano, Campbell, Sheldon, Cao, Tongtong, Carosi, Gianpaolo, Carpinelli, Massimo, Cavoto, Gianluca, Celentano, Andrea, Chang, Jae Hyeok, Chattopadhyay, Swapan, Chavarria, Alvaro, Chen, Chien-Yi, Clark, Kenneth, Clarke, John, Colegrove, Owen, Coleman, Jonathon, Cooke, David, Cooper, Robert, Crisler, Michael, Crivelli, Paolo, D'Eramo, Francesco, D'Urso, Domenico, Dahl, Eric, Dawson, William, De Napoli, Marzio, De Vita, Raffaella, DeNiverville, Patrick, Derenzo, Stephen, Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Di Marco, Emanuele, Dienes, Keith R., Diwan, Milind, Dongwi, Dongwi Handiipondola, Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Ellis, Sebastian, Ezeribe, Anthony Chigbo, Farrar, Glennys, Ferrer, Francesc, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Filippi, Alessandra, Fiorillo, Giuliana, Fornal, Bartosz, Freyberger, Arne, Frugiuele, Claudia, Galbiati, Cristian, Galon, Iftah, Gardner, Susan, Geraci, Andrew, Gerbier, Gilles, Graham, Mathew, Gschwendtner, Edda, Hearty, Christopher, Heise, Jaret, Henning, Reyco, Hill, Richard J., Hitlin, David, Hochberg, Yonit, Hogan, Jason, Holtrop, Maurik, Hong, Ziqing, Hossbach, Todd, Humensky, T. B., Ilten, Philip, Irwin, Kent, Jaros, John, Johnson, Robert, Jones, Matthew, Kahn, Yonatan, Kalantarians, Narbe, Kaplinghat, Manoj, Khatiwada, Rakshya, Knapen, Simon, Kohl, Michael, Kouvaris, Chris, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Krnjaic, Gordan, Kubarovsky, Valery, Kuflik, Eric, Kusenko, Alexander, Lang, Rafael, Leach, Kyle, Lin, Tongyan, Lisanti, Mariangela, Liu, Jing, Liu, Kun, Liu, Ming, Loomba, Dinesh, Lykken, Joseph, Mack, Katherine, Mans, Jeremiah, Maris, Humphrey, Markiewicz, Thomas, Marsicano, Luca, Martoff, C. J., Mazzitelli, Giovanni, McCabe, Christopher, McDermott, Samuel D., McDonald, Art, McKinnon, Bryan, Mei, Dongming, Melia, Tom, Miller, Gerald A., Miuchi, Kentaro, Nazeer, Sahara Mohammed Prem, Moreno, Omar, Morozov, Vasiliy, Mouton, Frederic, Mueller, Holger, Murphy, Alexander, Neilson, Russell, Nelson, Tim, Neu, Christopher, Nosochkov, Yuri, O'Hare, Ciaran, Oblath, Noah, Orrell, John, Ouellet, Jonathan, Pastore, Saori, Paul, Sebouh, Perelstein, Maxim, Peter, Annika, Phan, Nguyen, Phinney, Nan, Pivovaroff, Michael, Pocar, Andrea, Pospelov, Maxim, Pradler, Josef, Privitera, Paolo, Profumo, Stefano, Raggi, Mauro, Rajendran, Surjeet, Randazzo, Nunzio, Raubenheimer, Tor, Regenfus, Christian, Renshaw, Andrew, Ritz, Adam, Rizzo, Thomas, Rosenberg, Leslie, Rubbia, Andre, Rybolt, Ben, Saab, Tarek, Safdi, Benjamin R., Santopinto, Elena, Scarff, Andrew, Schneider, Michael, Schuster, Philip, Seidel, George, Sekiya, Hiroyuki, Seong, Ilsoo, Simi, Gabriele, Sipala, Valeria, Slatyer, Tracy, Slone, Oren, Smith, Peter F, Smolinsky, Jordan, Snowden-Ifft, Daniel, Solt, Matthew, Sonnenschein, Andrew, Sorensen, Peter, Spooner, Neil, Srivastava, Brijesh, Stancu, Ion, Strigari, Louis, Strube, Jan, Sushkov, Alexander O., Szydagis, Matthew, Tanedo, Philip, Tanner, David, Tayloe, Rex, Terrano, William, Thaler, Jesse, Thomas, Brooks, Thorpe, Brianna, Thorpe, Thomas, Tiffenberg, Javier, Tran, Nhan, Trovato, Marco, Tully, Christopher, Tyson, Tony, Vachaspati, Tanmay, Vahsen, Sven, van Bibber, Karl, Vandenbroucke, Justin, Villano, Anthony, Volansky, Tomer, Wang, Guojian, Ward, Thomas, Wester, William, Whitbeck, Andrew, Williams, David A., Wing, Matthew, Winslow, Lindley, Wojtsekhowski, Bogdan, Yu, Hai-Bo, Yu, Shin-Shan, Yu, Tien-Tien, Zhang, Xilin, Zhao, Yue, and Zhong, Yi-Ming

Abstract

This white paper summarizes the workshop "U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter" held at University of Maryland on March 23-25, 2017., Comment: 102 pages + references

Published
2017

6. Cryogenic CMOS Cameras for High Voltage Monitoring in Liquid Argon

Author

McConkey, Nicola, Spooner, Neil, Thiesse, Matthew, Wallbank, Michael, Warburton, Thomas Karl, McConkey, Nicola, Spooner, Neil, Thiesse, Matthew, Wallbank, Michael, and Warburton, Thomas Karl

Abstract

The prevalent use of large volume liquid argon detectors strongly motivates the development of novel readout and monitoring technology which functions at cryogenic temperatures. This paper presents the development of a cryogenic CMOS camera system suitable for use inside a large volume liquid argon detector for online monitoring purposes. The characterisation of the system is described in detail. The reliability of such a camera system has been demonstrated over several months, and recent data from operation within the liquid argon region of the DUNE 35tcryostat is presented. The cameras were used to monitor for high voltage breakdown inside the cryostat, with capability to observe breakdown of a liquid argon time projection chamber in situ. They were also used for detector monitoring, especially of components during cooldown., Comment: to be submitted to JINST

Published
2016
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7. Geological repositories: scientific priorities and potential high-technology transfer from the space and physics sectors

Author

Direito, Susana O. L., Clark, Samantha, Cousins, Claire, Fujita, Yoshiko, Gluyas, Jon, Harley, Simon, Holmes, Richard J., Hutchinson, Ian B., Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Lloyd, Jon, Main, Ian G., Naylor, Mark, Payler, Sam, Smith, Nick, Spooner, Neil J.C., Telfer, Sam, Thompson, Lee F., Wouters, Katinka, Wragg, Joanna, Cockell, Charles, Direito, Susana O. L., Clark, Samantha, Cousins, Claire, Fujita, Yoshiko, Gluyas, Jon, Harley, Simon, Holmes, Richard J., Hutchinson, Ian B., Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Lloyd, Jon, Main, Ian G., Naylor, Mark, Payler, Sam, Smith, Nick, Spooner, Neil J.C., Telfer, Sam, Thompson, Lee F., Wouters, Katinka, Wragg, Joanna, and Cockell, Charles

Abstract

The use of underground geological repositories, such as in radioactive waste disposal (RWD) and in carbon capture (widely known as Carbon Capture and Storage; CCS), constitutes a key environmental priority for the 21st century. Based on the identification of key scientific questions relating to the geophysics, geochemistry and geobiology of geodisposal of wastes, this paper describes the possibility of technology transfer from high-technology areas of the space exploration sector, including astrobiology, planetary sciences, astronomy, and also particle and nuclear physics, into geodisposal. Synergies exist between high technology used in the space sector and in the characterization of underground environments such as repositories, because of common objectives with respect to instrument miniaturization, low power requirements, durability under extreme conditions (in temperature and mechanical loads) and operation in remote or otherwise difficult to access environments.

Published
2015

8. Geological repositories:scientific priorities and potential high-technology transfer from the space and physics sectors

Author

Direito, Susana O. L., Clark, Samantha, Cousins, Claire, Fujita, Yoshiko, Gluyas, Jon, Harley, Simon, Holmes, Richard J., Hutchinson, Ian B., Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Lloyd, Jon, Main, Ian G., Naylor, Mark, Payler, Sam, Smith, Nick, Spooner, Neil J. C., Telfer, Sam, Thompson, Lee F., Wouters, Katinka, Wragg, Joanna, Cockell, Charles, Direito, Susana O. L., Clark, Samantha, Cousins, Claire, Fujita, Yoshiko, Gluyas, Jon, Harley, Simon, Holmes, Richard J., Hutchinson, Ian B., Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Lloyd, Jon, Main, Ian G., Naylor, Mark, Payler, Sam, Smith, Nick, Spooner, Neil J. C., Telfer, Sam, Thompson, Lee F., Wouters, Katinka, Wragg, Joanna, and Cockell, Charles

Published
2015

9. Background Assay and Rejection in DRIFT

Author

Brack, Jeff, Daw, Ed, Dorofeev, Alexei, Ezeribe, Anthony, Gauvreau, Jean-Luc, Gold, Michael, Harton, John, Lafler, Randy, Lauer, Robert, Lee, Eric R., Loomba, Dinesh, Matthews, John, Miller, Eric H., Monte, Alissa, Murphy, Alex, Paling, Sean, Phan, Nguyen, Sadler, Steve, Scarff, Andrew, Snowden-Ifft, Daniel, Spooner, Neil, Telfer, Sam, Walker, Daniel, Williams, Matt, Yuriev, Leonid, Brack, Jeff, Daw, Ed, Dorofeev, Alexei, Ezeribe, Anthony, Gauvreau, Jean-Luc, Gold, Michael, Harton, John, Lafler, Randy, Lauer, Robert, Lee, Eric R., Loomba, Dinesh, Matthews, John, Miller, Eric H., Monte, Alissa, Murphy, Alex, Paling, Sean, Phan, Nguyen, Sadler, Steve, Scarff, Andrew, Snowden-Ifft, Daniel, Spooner, Neil, Telfer, Sam, Walker, Daniel, Williams, Matt, and Yuriev, Leonid

Abstract

The DRIFT-IId dark matter detector is a m$^3$-scale low-pressure TPC with directional sensitivity to WIMP-induced nuclear recoils. Its primary backgrounds were due to alpha decays from contamination on the central cathode. Efforts to reduce these backgrounds led to replacing the 20 \mu m wire central cathode with one constructed from 0.9 \mu m aluminized mylar, which is almost totally transparent to alpha particles. Detailed modeling of the nature and origin of the remaining backgrounds led to an in-situ, ppt-sensitive assay of alpha decay backgrounds from the central cathode. This led to further improvements in the thin-film cathode resulting in over 2 orders of magnitude reduction in backgrounds compared to the wire cathode. Finally, the addition of O$_2$ to CS$_2$ gas was found to produce multiple species of electronegative charge carriers, providing a method to determine the absolute position of nuclear recoils and reject all known remaining backgrounds while retaining a high efficiency for nuclear recoil detection., Comment: 7 pages, 14 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the TAUP 2013 Conference (F. Avignone & W. Haxton, editors, Physics Procedia, Elsevier)

Published
2014
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10. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

Author

LBNE Collaboration, Adams, Corey, Adams, David, Akiri, Tarek, Alion, Tyler, Anderson, Kris, Andreopoulos, Costas, Andrews, Mike, Anghel, Ioana, Anjos, João Carlos Costa dos, Antonello, Maddalena, Arrieta-Diaz, Enrique, Artuso, Marina, Asaadi, Jonathan, Bai, Xinhua, Baibussinov, Bagdat, Baird, Michael, Balantekin, Baha, Baller, Bruce, Baptista, Brian, Barker, D'Ann, Barker, Gary, Barletta, William A., Barr, Giles, Bartoszek, Larry, Bashyal, Amit, Bass, Matt, Bellini, Vincenzo, Benetti, Pietro Angelo, Berger, Bruce E., Bergevin, Marc, Berman, Eileen, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Bernstein, Adam, Bernstein, Robert, Bhandari, Babu, Bhatnagar, Vipin, Bhuyan, Bipul, Bian, Jianming, Bishai, Mary, Blake, Andrew, Blaszczyk, Flor, Blaufuss, Erik, Bleakley, Bruce, Blucher, Edward, Blusk, Steve, Bocean, Virgil, Boffelli, F., Boissevain, Jan, Bolton, Timothy, Bonesini, Maurizio, Boyd, Steve, Brandt, Andrew, Breedon, Richard, Bromberg, Carl, Brown, Ralph, Brunetti, Giullia, Buchanan, Norman, Bugg, Bill, Busenitz, Jerome, Calligarich, E., Camilleri, Leslie, Carminati, Giada, Carr, Rachel, Castromonte, Cesar, Cavanna, Flavio, Centro, Sandro, Chen, Alex, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Kai, Cherdack, Daniel, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Choudhary, Brajesh Chandra, Christodoulou, Georgios, Christofferson, Cabot-Ann, Church, Eric, Cline, David, Coan, Thomas, Cocco, Alfredo, Coelho, Joao, Coleman, Stephen, Conrad, Janet M., Convery, Mark, Corey, Robert, Corwin, Luke, Cranshaw, Jack, Cronin-Hennessy, Daniel, Curioni, A., da Motta, Helio, Davenne, Tristan, Davies, Gavin S., Dazeley, Steven, De, Kaushik, de Gouvea, Andre, de Jong, Jeffrey K., Demuth, David, Densham, Chris, Diwan, Milind, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dolfini, R., Dolph, Jeffrey, Drake, Gary, Dye, Stephen, Dyuang, Hongue, Edmunds, Daniel, Elliott, Steven, Elnimr, Muhammad, Eno, Sarah, Enomoto, Sanshiro, Escobar, Carlos O., Evans, Justin, Falcone, A., Falk, Lisa, Farbin, Amir, Farnese, Christian, Fava, Angela, Felde, John, Fernandes, S., Ferroni, Fernando, Feyzi, Farshid, Fields, Laura, Finch, Alex, Fitton, Mike, Fleming, Bonnie, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Friedland, Alex, Fuess, Stu, Fujikawa, Brian, Gallagher, Hugh, Gandhi, Raj, Garvey, Gerald, Gehman, Victor M., de Geronimo, Gianluigi, Gibin, Daniele, Gill, Ronald, Gomes, Ricardo A., Goodman, Maury C., Goon, Jason, Graf, Nicholas, Graham, Mathew, Gran, Rik, Grant, Christopher, Grant, Nick, Greenlee, Herbert, Greenler, Leland, Grullon, Sean, Guardincerri, Elena, Guarino, Victor, Guarnaccia, Evan, Guedes, Germano, Guenette, Roxanne, Guglielmi, Alberto, Guzzo, Marcelo M., Habig, Alec T., Hackenburg, Robert W., Hadavand, Haleh, Hahn, Alan, Haigh, Martin, Haines, Todd, Handler, Thomas, Hans, Sunej, Hartnell, Jeff, Harton, John, Hatcher, Robert, Hatzikoutelis, Athans, Hays, Steven, Hazen, Eric, Headley, Mike, Heavey, Anne, Heeger, Karsten, Heise, Jaret, Hellauer, Robert, Hewes, V, Himmel, Alexander, Hogan, Matthew, Holanda, Pedro, Holin, Anna, Horton-Smith, Glenn, Howell, Joe, Hurh, Patrick, Huston, Joey, Hylen, James, Imlay, Richard, Insler, Jonathan, Introzzi, G., Isvan, Zeynep, Jackson, Chris, Jacobsen, John, Jaffe, David E., James, Cat, Jen, Chun-Min, Johnson, Marvin, Johnson, Randy, Johnson, Robert, Johnson, Scott, Johnston, William, Johnstone, John, Jones, Ben J. P., Jostlein, H., Junk, Thomas, Kadel, Richard, Kaess, Karl, Karagiorgi, Georgia, Kaspar, Jarek, Katori, Teppei, Kayser, Boris, Kearns, Edward, Keener, Paul, Kemp, Ernesto, Kettell, Steve H., Kirby, Mike, Klein, Joshua, Koizumi, Gordon, Kopp, Sacha, Kormos, Laura, Kropp, William, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Jason, Kutter, Thomas, La Zia, Franco, Lande, Kenneth, Lane, Charles, Lang, Karol, Lanni, Francesco, Lanza, Richard, Latorre, Tony, Learned, John, Lee, David, Lee, Kevin, Li, Qizhong, Li, Shaorui, Li, Yichen, Li, Zepeng, Libo, Jiang, Linden, Steve, Ling, Jiajie, Link, Jonathan, Littenberg, Laurence, Liu, Hu, Liu, Qiuguang, Liu, Tiankuan, Losecco, John, Louis, William, Lundberg, Byron, Lundin, Tracy, Lundy, Jay, Machado, Ana Amelia, Maesano, Cara, Magill, Steve, Mahler, George, Malon, David, Malys, Stephen, Mammoliti, Francesco, Mandal, Samit Kumar, Mann, Anthony, Mantsch, Paul, Marchionni, Alberto, Marciano, William, Mariani, Camillo, Maricic, Jelena, Marino, Alysia, Marshak, Marvin, Marshall, John, Matsuno, Shiegenobu, Mauger, Christopher, Mavrokoridis, Konstantinos, Mayer, Nate, McCauley, Neil, McCluskey, Elaine, McDonald, Kirk, McFarland, Kevin, McKee, David, McKeown, Robert, McTaggart, Robert, Mehdiyev, Rashid, Mei, Dongming, Menegolli, A., Meng, Guang, Meng, Yixiong, Mertins, David, Messier, Mark, Metcalf, William, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William, Mills, Geoff, Mishra, Sanjib R., Mokhov, Nikolai, Montanari, Claudio, Montanari, David, Moore, Craig, Morfin, Jorge, Morgan, Ben, Morse, William, Moss, Zander, Moura, Célio A., Mufson, Stuart, Muller, David, Musser, Jim, Naples, Donna, Napolitano, Jim, Newcomer, Mitch, Nichol, Ryan, Nicholls, Tim, Niner, Evan, Norris, Barry, Nowak, Jaroslaw, O'Keeffe, Helen, Oliveira, Roberto, Olson, Travis, Page, Brian, Pakvasa, Sandip, Palamara, Ornella, Paley, Jon, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, Park, Seongtae, Parsa, Zohreh, Partyka, Kinga, Paulos, Bob, Pavlovic, Zarko, Peeters, Simon, Perch, Andy, Perkin, Jon D., Petti, Roberto, Petukhov, Andre, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Plunkett, Robert, Polly, Chris, Pordes, Stephen, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Prakash, Arati, Prokofiev, Oleg, Qian, Xin, Raaf, Jennifer L., Radeka, Veljko, Rakhno, Igor, Ramachers, Yorck, Rameika, Regina, Ramsey, John, Rappoldi, A., Raselli, G. L., Ratoff, Peter, Ravindra, Shreyas, Rebel, Brian, Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, Dianne, Rescia, Sergio, Richardson, Martin, Rielage, Kieth, Riesselmann, Kurt, Robinson, Matt, Rochester, Leon, Ronquest, Michael, Rosen, Marc, Rossella, M., Rubbia, Carlo, Rucinski, Russ, Sahijpal, Sandeep, Sahoo, Himansu, Sala, Paola, Salmiera, Delia, Samios, Nicholas, Sanchez, Mayly, Scaramelli, Alberto, Schellman, Heidi, Schmitt, Richard, Schmitz, David, Schneps, Jack, Scholberg, Kate, Segreto, Ettore, Seibert, Stanley, Sexton-Kennedy, Liz, Shaevitz, Mike, Shanahan, Peter, Sharma, Rahul, Shaw, Terri, Simos, Nikolaos, Singh, Venktesh, Sinnis, Gus, Sippach, William, Skwarnicki, Tomasz, Smy, Michael, Sobel, Henry, Soderberg, Mitch, Sondericker, John, Sondheim, Walter, Sousa, Alexandre, Spooner, Neil J. C., Stancari, Michelle, Stancu, Ion, Stefan, Dorota, Stefanik, Andy, Stewart, James, Stone, Sheldon, Strait, James, Strait, Matthew, Striganov, Sergei, Sullivan, Gregory, Sun, Yujing, Suter, Louise, Svenson, Andrew, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Szelc, Andrzej, Szydagis, Matthew, Söldner-Rembold, Stefan, Talaga, Richard, Tamsett, Matthew, Tariq, Salman, Tayloe, Rex, Taylor, Charles, Taylor, David, Teymourian, Artin, Themann, Harry, Thiesse, Matthew, Thomas, Jenny, Thompson, Lee F., Thomson, Mark, Thorn, Craig, Thorpe, Matt, Tian, Xinchun, Tiedt, Doug, Toki, Walter, Tolich, Nikolai, Torti, M., Toups, Matt, Touramanis, Christos, Tripathi, Mani, Tropin, Igor, Tsai, Yun-Tse, Tull, Craig, Tzanov, Martin, Urheim, Jon, Usman, Shawn, Vagins, Mark, Valdiviesso, Gustavo, Van Berg, Rick, Van de Water, Richard, Van Gemmeren, Peter, Varanini, Filippo, Varner, Gary, Vaziri, Kamran, Velev, Gueorgui, Ventura, Sandro, Vignoli, Chiara, Viren, Brett, Wahl, Dan, Waldron, Abby, Walter, Christopher W., Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Wei, Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Wasserman, Ryan, Watson, Blake, Weber, Alfons, Wei, Wenzhao, Wells, Douglas, Wetstein, Matthew, White, Andy, White, Hywel, Whitehead, Lisa, Whittington, Denver, Willhite, Joshua, Wilson, Robert J., Winslow, Lindley, Wood, Kevin, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Xin, Tian, Yarritu, Kevin, Ye, Jingbo, Yeh, Minfang, Yu, Bo, Yu, Jae, Yuan, Tianlu, Zani, A., Zeller, Geralyn P., Zhang, Chao, Zimmerman, Eric D., Zwaska, Robert, LBNE Collaboration, Adams, Corey, Adams, David, Akiri, Tarek, Alion, Tyler, Anderson, Kris, Andreopoulos, Costas, Andrews, Mike, Anghel, Ioana, Anjos, João Carlos Costa dos, Antonello, Maddalena, Arrieta-Diaz, Enrique, Artuso, Marina, Asaadi, Jonathan, Bai, Xinhua, Baibussinov, Bagdat, Baird, Michael, Balantekin, Baha, Baller, Bruce, Baptista, Brian, Barker, D'Ann, Barker, Gary, Barletta, William A., Barr, Giles, Bartoszek, Larry, Bashyal, Amit, Bass, Matt, Bellini, Vincenzo, Benetti, Pietro Angelo, Berger, Bruce E., Bergevin, Marc, Berman, Eileen, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Bernstein, Adam, Bernstein, Robert, Bhandari, Babu, Bhatnagar, Vipin, Bhuyan, Bipul, Bian, Jianming, Bishai, Mary, Blake, Andrew, Blaszczyk, Flor, Blaufuss, Erik, Bleakley, Bruce, Blucher, Edward, Blusk, Steve, Bocean, Virgil, Boffelli, F., Boissevain, Jan, Bolton, Timothy, Bonesini, Maurizio, Boyd, Steve, Brandt, Andrew, Breedon, Richard, Bromberg, Carl, Brown, Ralph, Brunetti, Giullia, Buchanan, Norman, Bugg, Bill, Busenitz, Jerome, Calligarich, E., Camilleri, Leslie, Carminati, Giada, Carr, Rachel, Castromonte, Cesar, Cavanna, Flavio, Centro, Sandro, Chen, Alex, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Kai, Cherdack, Daniel, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Choudhary, Brajesh Chandra, Christodoulou, Georgios, Christofferson, Cabot-Ann, Church, Eric, Cline, David, Coan, Thomas, Cocco, Alfredo, Coelho, Joao, Coleman, Stephen, Conrad, Janet M., Convery, Mark, Corey, Robert, Corwin, Luke, Cranshaw, Jack, Cronin-Hennessy, Daniel, Curioni, A., da Motta, Helio, Davenne, Tristan, Davies, Gavin S., Dazeley, Steven, De, Kaushik, de Gouvea, Andre, de Jong, Jeffrey K., Demuth, David, Densham, Chris, Diwan, Milind, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dolfini, R., Dolph, Jeffrey, Drake, Gary, Dye, Stephen, Dyuang, Hongue, Edmunds, Daniel, Elliott, Steven, Elnimr, Muhammad, Eno, Sarah, Enomoto, Sanshiro, Escobar, Carlos O., Evans, Justin, Falcone, A., Falk, Lisa, Farbin, Amir, Farnese, Christian, Fava, Angela, Felde, John, Fernandes, S., Ferroni, Fernando, Feyzi, Farshid, Fields, Laura, Finch, Alex, Fitton, Mike, Fleming, Bonnie, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Friedland, Alex, Fuess, Stu, Fujikawa, Brian, Gallagher, Hugh, Gandhi, Raj, Garvey, Gerald, Gehman, Victor M., de Geronimo, Gianluigi, Gibin, Daniele, Gill, Ronald, Gomes, Ricardo A., Goodman, Maury C., Goon, Jason, Graf, Nicholas, Graham, Mathew, Gran, Rik, Grant, Christopher, Grant, Nick, Greenlee, Herbert, Greenler, Leland, Grullon, Sean, Guardincerri, Elena, Guarino, Victor, Guarnaccia, Evan, Guedes, Germano, Guenette, Roxanne, Guglielmi, Alberto, Guzzo, Marcelo M., Habig, Alec T., Hackenburg, Robert W., Hadavand, Haleh, Hahn, Alan, Haigh, Martin, Haines, Todd, Handler, Thomas, Hans, Sunej, Hartnell, Jeff, Harton, John, Hatcher, Robert, Hatzikoutelis, Athans, Hays, Steven, Hazen, Eric, Headley, Mike, Heavey, Anne, Heeger, Karsten, Heise, Jaret, Hellauer, Robert, Hewes, V, Himmel, Alexander, Hogan, Matthew, Holanda, Pedro, Holin, Anna, Horton-Smith, Glenn, Howell, Joe, Hurh, Patrick, Huston, Joey, Hylen, James, Imlay, Richard, Insler, Jonathan, Introzzi, G., Isvan, Zeynep, Jackson, Chris, Jacobsen, John, Jaffe, David E., James, Cat, Jen, Chun-Min, Johnson, Marvin, Johnson, Randy, Johnson, Robert, Johnson, Scott, Johnston, William, Johnstone, John, Jones, Ben J. P., Jostlein, H., Junk, Thomas, Kadel, Richard, Kaess, Karl, Karagiorgi, Georgia, Kaspar, Jarek, Katori, Teppei, Kayser, Boris, Kearns, Edward, Keener, Paul, Kemp, Ernesto, Kettell, Steve H., Kirby, Mike, Klein, Joshua, Koizumi, Gordon, Kopp, Sacha, Kormos, Laura, Kropp, William, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Jason, Kutter, Thomas, La Zia, Franco, Lande, Kenneth, Lane, Charles, Lang, Karol, Lanni, Francesco, Lanza, Richard, Latorre, Tony, Learned, John, Lee, David, Lee, Kevin, Li, Qizhong, Li, Shaorui, Li, Yichen, Li, Zepeng, Libo, Jiang, Linden, Steve, Ling, Jiajie, Link, Jonathan, Littenberg, Laurence, Liu, Hu, Liu, Qiuguang, Liu, Tiankuan, Losecco, John, Louis, William, Lundberg, Byron, Lundin, Tracy, Lundy, Jay, Machado, Ana Amelia, Maesano, Cara, Magill, Steve, Mahler, George, Malon, David, Malys, Stephen, Mammoliti, Francesco, Mandal, Samit Kumar, Mann, Anthony, Mantsch, Paul, Marchionni, Alberto, Marciano, William, Mariani, Camillo, Maricic, Jelena, Marino, Alysia, Marshak, Marvin, Marshall, John, Matsuno, Shiegenobu, Mauger, Christopher, Mavrokoridis, Konstantinos, Mayer, Nate, McCauley, Neil, McCluskey, Elaine, McDonald, Kirk, McFarland, Kevin, McKee, David, McKeown, Robert, McTaggart, Robert, Mehdiyev, Rashid, Mei, Dongming, Menegolli, A., Meng, Guang, Meng, Yixiong, Mertins, David, Messier, Mark, Metcalf, William, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William, Mills, Geoff, Mishra, Sanjib R., Mokhov, Nikolai, Montanari, Claudio, Montanari, David, Moore, Craig, Morfin, Jorge, Morgan, Ben, Morse, William, Moss, Zander, Moura, Célio A., Mufson, Stuart, Muller, David, Musser, Jim, Naples, Donna, Napolitano, Jim, Newcomer, Mitch, Nichol, Ryan, Nicholls, Tim, Niner, Evan, Norris, Barry, Nowak, Jaroslaw, O'Keeffe, Helen, Oliveira, Roberto, Olson, Travis, Page, Brian, Pakvasa, Sandip, Palamara, Ornella, Paley, Jon, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, Park, Seongtae, Parsa, Zohreh, Partyka, Kinga, Paulos, Bob, Pavlovic, Zarko, Peeters, Simon, Perch, Andy, Perkin, Jon D., Petti, Roberto, Petukhov, Andre, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Plunkett, Robert, Polly, Chris, Pordes, Stephen, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Prakash, Arati, Prokofiev, Oleg, Qian, Xin, Raaf, Jennifer L., Radeka, Veljko, Rakhno, Igor, Ramachers, Yorck, Rameika, Regina, Ramsey, John, Rappoldi, A., Raselli, G. L., Ratoff, Peter, Ravindra, Shreyas, Rebel, Brian, Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, Dianne, Rescia, Sergio, Richardson, Martin, Rielage, Kieth, Riesselmann, Kurt, Robinson, Matt, Rochester, Leon, Ronquest, Michael, Rosen, Marc, Rossella, M., Rubbia, Carlo, Rucinski, Russ, Sahijpal, Sandeep, Sahoo, Himansu, Sala, Paola, Salmiera, Delia, Samios, Nicholas, Sanchez, Mayly, Scaramelli, Alberto, Schellman, Heidi, Schmitt, Richard, Schmitz, David, Schneps, Jack, Scholberg, Kate, Segreto, Ettore, Seibert, Stanley, Sexton-Kennedy, Liz, Shaevitz, Mike, Shanahan, Peter, Sharma, Rahul, Shaw, Terri, Simos, Nikolaos, Singh, Venktesh, Sinnis, Gus, Sippach, William, Skwarnicki, Tomasz, Smy, Michael, Sobel, Henry, Soderberg, Mitch, Sondericker, John, Sondheim, Walter, Sousa, Alexandre, Spooner, Neil J. C., Stancari, Michelle, Stancu, Ion, Stefan, Dorota, Stefanik, Andy, Stewart, James, Stone, Sheldon, Strait, James, Strait, Matthew, Striganov, Sergei, Sullivan, Gregory, Sun, Yujing, Suter, Louise, Svenson, Andrew, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Szelc, Andrzej, Szydagis, Matthew, Söldner-Rembold, Stefan, Talaga, Richard, Tamsett, Matthew, Tariq, Salman, Tayloe, Rex, Taylor, Charles, Taylor, David, Teymourian, Artin, Themann, Harry, Thiesse, Matthew, Thomas, Jenny, Thompson, Lee F., Thomson, Mark, Thorn, Craig, Thorpe, Matt, Tian, Xinchun, Tiedt, Doug, Toki, Walter, Tolich, Nikolai, Torti, M., Toups, Matt, Touramanis, Christos, Tripathi, Mani, Tropin, Igor, Tsai, Yun-Tse, Tull, Craig, Tzanov, Martin, Urheim, Jon, Usman, Shawn, Vagins, Mark, Valdiviesso, Gustavo, Van Berg, Rick, Van de Water, Richard, Van Gemmeren, Peter, Varanini, Filippo, Varner, Gary, Vaziri, Kamran, Velev, Gueorgui, Ventura, Sandro, Vignoli, Chiara, Viren, Brett, Wahl, Dan, Waldron, Abby, Walter, Christopher W., Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Wei, Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Wasserman, Ryan, Watson, Blake, Weber, Alfons, Wei, Wenzhao, Wells, Douglas, Wetstein, Matthew, White, Andy, White, Hywel, Whitehead, Lisa, Whittington, Denver, Willhite, Joshua, Wilson, Robert J., Winslow, Lindley, Wood, Kevin, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Xin, Tian, Yarritu, Kevin, Ye, Jingbo, Yeh, Minfang, Yu, Bo, Yu, Jae, Yuan, Tianlu, Zani, A., Zeller, Geralyn P., Zhang, Chao, Zimmerman, Eric D., and Zwaska, Robert

Abstract

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess., Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figures

Published
2013

11. Use of DBS sample collection to determine circulating drug concentrations in clinical trials : practicalities and considerations.

Author

UCL - Service de gastro-entérologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de gastro-entérologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/GAEN - Pôle d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, Spooner, Neil, Ramakrishnan, Y, Barfield, M, Dewit, Olivier, Miller, S, UCL - Service de gastro-entérologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de gastro-entérologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/GAEN - Pôle d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, Spooner, Neil, Ramakrishnan, Y, Barfield, M, Dewit, Olivier, and Miller, S

Abstract

A clinical investigation was performed into the practicalities of the collection of blood samples for the determination of drug exposures on filter paper, known as dried blood spot (DBS) sampling using a two-period, single-dose, open-label trial conducted in 11 healthy volunteers who received a single oral dose of paracetamol. Questionnaires relating to the blood sampling and spotting process and tolerability were completed by staff and volunteers. Paracetamol concentrations in DBS samples obtained by venous cannula (DBS-Can) were compared against those from fingerprick (DBS-FP) and fresh whole blood obtained from a cannula (WB-Can).

Published
2010

12. Directional statistics for WIMP direct detection

Author

Morgan, Ben, Green, Anne M., Spooner, Neil J. C., Morgan, Ben, Green, Anne M., and Spooner, Neil J. C.

Abstract

The direction dependence of the event rate in WIMP direct detection experiments provides a powerful tool for distinguishing WIMP events from potential backgrounds. We use a variety of (non-parametric) statistical tests to examine the number of events required to distinguish a WIMP signal from an isotropic background when the uncertainty in the reconstruction of the nuclear recoil direction is included in the calculation of the expected signal. We consider a range of models for the Milky Way halo, and also study rotational symmetry tests aimed at detecting non-sphericity/isotropy of the Milky Way halo. Finally we examine ways of detecting tidal streams of WIMPs. We find that if the senses of the recoils are known then of order ten events will be sufficient to distinguish a WIMP signal from an isotropic background for all of the halo models considered, with the uncertainties in reconstructing the recoil direction only mildly increasing the required number of events. If the senses of the recoils are not known the number of events required is an order of magnitude larger, with a large variation between halo models, and the recoil resolution is now an important factor. The rotational symmetry tests require of order a thousand events to distinguish between spherical and significantly triaxial halos, however a deviation of the peak recoil direction from the direction of the solar motion due to a tidal stream could be detected with of order a hundred events, regardless of whether the sense of the recoils is known., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures (higher resolution colour figures can be downloaded from http://www.shef.ac.uk/physics/people/morgan/modelplots.tar.gz. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D, additional discussion of backgrounds and track direction reconstruction, conclusions unchanged

Published
2004
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13. Control of radon and pollutants in gas-based directional dark matter detectors using molecular sieves

Author

Marcelo Gregorio, Robert Renz and Spooner, Neil

Abstract

The most compelling explanation for the so-called Dark Matter of the Universe is the postulation of particles beyond the standard model, with Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter being well-motivated. While there are many different methods to search for WIMPs, the most sensitive dark matter experiments in the world employ liquid noble gas targets to detect WIMP-induced recoils. As the next generation of liquid noble detectors become more sensitive, they are confronted by an inevitable background of solar neutrinos, which inhibit the conclusive identification of dark matter in such searches. Directional dark matter detectors have the capability to distinguish against the otherwise irreducible solar neutrino background by adding information about the direction of the WIMP-induced recoil events. Most directional detectors reconstruct recoil tracks using low-pressure gas Time Projection Chambers (TPC). In gas TPC operation, it is important to remove radon and common pollutants from the target gas. Radon contamination provides a source of unwanted background able to mimic WIMP-induced recoils, while common pollutants can significantly suppress the gain of the detector. SF6 is an ideal target gas for directional dark matter searches, so the ability to remove radon and common pollutants from SF6 during TPC operation is crucial. A method that also recycles SF6 is required as it is a potent greenhouse gas. This thesis describes work toward a gas recycling system that removes radon and common pollutants from target gases during TPC operation. The removal of radon from SF6 gas was demonstrated for the first time using a 5 angstrom type molecular sieve. A low radioactive 5 angstrom type molecular sieve that intrinsically emanated 98.9% less radon per radon captured compared to commercial sieves was found. To effectively implement the molecular sieves with TPC detectors, a gas system utilising a modified Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VSA) technique with a gas recovery buffer was designed. The VSA technique minimises the required amount of molecular sieve for long-term filtration, and the gas recovery buffer maximises the amount of recycled gas. The design was built into a prototype and tested with a small-scale gas TPC detector. Performance testing with the gas system prototype resulted in the low radioactive 5 angstrom type molecular sieve reducing the intrinsic radon contamination of the TPC detector setup within the background limits of the radon measurement apparatus (14.0±5.7 mBq). A TPC detector run with the gas system employing 3 angstrom and 4 angstrom type molecular sieves significantly reduced the impact of common pollutants suppressing signal amplification, with the detector signal remaining until detector operation was terminated after 340 hours. Without the gas system, the TPC detector could only maintain this level of signal amplification for 50 hours. The results presented in this thesis successfully demonstrate the feasibility of a molecular sieve-based gas recycling system that simultaneously removes radon and common pollutants from SF6-based directional dark matter detectors.

Published
2022

14. New negative ion time projection chamber technology for directional detection of dark matter, neutrinos and fast neutrons

Author

Eldridge, Callum and Spooner, Neil

Abstract

Low energy nuclear recoils are one of the few signatures of the passage of WIMPs, fast neutrons and neutrinos though matter. The directional information encoded in the nuclear recoils provides valuable data which is otherwise inaccessible to a particle detector. Gas TPCs are one of the few technologies capable of reconstructing a low energy nuclear recoil track well enough to extract directional information. Scaling TPCs to large volumes while maintaining a low energy threshold and good position resolution is vital for these applications where the rarity of the interactions with matter can only be offset with larger target mass. This work focuses on amplification, charge collection and readout technologies which are able to achieve a low energy threshold on the order of keV in negative ion gases and which have the potential to scale to large areas. Initially the gain and energy resolution of the ThGEM device is determined in low pressure SF6. Results for the first operation of the novel MM-ThGEM amplification device in a negative ion drift gas are presented, showing that the device overcomes a number of problems encountered with the ThGEM while maintaining good gain in SF6. A resistive layer micromegas is used to achieve three dimensional reconstruction of events in combination with the MM-THGEM which is shown to be necessary to obtain overall gas gains sufficient to achieve a low energy threshold. The MMThGEM-micromegas is shown to work well in combination with the scalable Kobe NI-DAQ electronics and to be sensitive to alpha particles, x-rays, neutrons and gamma rays. The results indicate that the novel technology is a promising avenue of development towards a large directional nuclear recoil detector. A study of the feasibility of a gas TPC experiment aiming to observe the CEνNS scattering of reactor neutrinos is also presented for the first time.

Published
2021

15. Developments towards a νe CC sterile appearance sensitivity in the Short-Baseline Neutrino programme

Author

Barker, Dominic, Spooner, Neil, and Malek, Matthew

Abstract

The Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) programme is an upcoming neutrino experiment situated on the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at the Fermilab National Laboratory. One of the primary objectives of the SBN programme is to confirm or refute the low energy electron neutrino excess observed in previous neutrino experiments: LSND and MiniBooNE. It was postulated that this observed low energy electron neutrino excess was caused by the existence of one or more sterile neutrinos. If this is confirmed, it will alter our current understanding of physics as well as the standard model and the prescription of neutrino oscillations. To achieve this primary objective, the SBN programme will perform studies which are sensitive to electron neutrino appearances. These are carried out assuming several sterile models, in particular the 3+1 model. To undertake the physics goals of the SBN programme, three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) are positioned at various points along the BNB beamline. These LArTPCs are known as The Short Baseline Near Detector (SBND) (110 m), Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment (MicroBooNE) (470 m), and the Imaging Cosmic And Rare Underground Signals (ICARUS) (600 m) detector. LArTPCs provide sophisticated calorimetric and topological information to identify the energy and flavour of charged particles in neutrino interactions. For an electron neutrino excess search, it is important to reconstruct and identify the resultant electron from neutrino Charge Current (CC) events. A new framework with new methods was developed to characterise electromagnetic showers to help identify electrons from background photon showers. The new methods were then employed in an oscillated electron neutrino selection upon simulated events in the SBN detectors. The resultant event distributions were then used to perform an electron neutrino appearance sensitivity analysis using the 3 + 1 sterile model in the VALencia-Oxford-Rutherford (VALOR) neutrino oscillation fitting framework. The single-phase wire near detector of the SBN programme, SBND, is also viewed as a prototype for the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) far detector. Due to the high rate of events at the location of the DUNE near detector, single-phase wire LArTPCs are not feasible. Therefore, alternative readout methods are being considered, such as a pixelated readout. To test these alternative readout methods, a research rig at the University of Sheffield has been developed.

Published
2020

16. Developments towards a scaled-up one-dimensional directional dark matter detector

Author

Scarff, Andrew and Spooner, Neil J. C.

Subjects
523.1
Abstract

There are many forms of evidence that point towards an unknown form of matter, known as dark matter, making up ∼85% of the mass in the universe. Many dark matter candidates have been proposed with the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) being among the most favoured. There are many groups around the world actively looking for WIMPs with direct, indirect and collider searches with specific interest here in annual modulation and directional searches. The DRIFT-IId detector is the world’s largest directional dark matter detector and is operational in Boulby Mine in the UK. Members of the directional community have come together to form the CYGNUS collaboration, looking towards larger detectors with better directional sensitivity. This thesis looks towards the future scale up to larger directional detectors, specifically low-pressure gas detectors. Improvements have been made to a system used to measure the radon emanation of materials, with emanation tests taken of potential components for CYGNUS detectors. Measurements have also been taken with a small scale THGEM TPC in both CF4 and SF6 gas. The results from CF4 showed the high gas gains achievable from the THGEM detector and allowed a direct measurement of the Townsend coefficients of the gas. Gains of up to 8600 ± 150 have been achieved in low pressure SF6 with a resolution of 19%, both of these figures are the highest achieved to date. The directional sensitivity of 1D readouts has been tested with initial signals of head-tail shown in a THGEM TPC in SF6. A head-tail signature is also seen in a simplified 1D DRIFT-IId readout mode. Exclusion limits from both the full and simplified DRIFT readouts have been produced from over 100 days of background data. The result of 0.16 pb from the full analysis is the lowest limit produced by any directional detector. These results show that a one-dimensional readout may be feasible for directional WIMP detection removing the need for many hundreds or thousands of read out channels required for 3D reconstruction.

Published
2017

17. Research and development toward massive liquid argon time projection chambers for neutrino detection

Author

Thiesse, Matthew and Spooner, Neil J. C.

Subjects
500
Abstract

Liquid argon (LAr) time projection chambers (TPC) have rapidly increased in importance as particle detectors throughout the past four decades. While much research has been completed, there are still many areas which require further development to build and operate the next generation LAr TPC experiment, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). These include high voltage breakdown, argon purification and purity monitoring, and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) scintillation light measurement. Visual monitoring of high voltage breakdown is helpful in allowing assessment of the performance of high voltage component design. Thus, a system of cryogenic cameras, the first of its kind, was developed for use in a large LAr cryostat, without the need for additional electronics heating. The system functioned without problem for 50 days at cryogenic temperature, with some degradation of image quality, and provided a useful monitor for the DUNE 35-ton cryogenics systems. The system did not observe any high voltage breakdowns during the run. Further development of the concept is ongoing for future installation in other experiments. The monitoring of LAr purity using TPC data is a fundamental study for LAr TPC experiments. However, the study has not been performed for a large LAr TPC in the presence of high electronic noise. Custom software was developed and validated for the accurate reconstruction of signals in noisy TPC data. The results of the reconstruction were used to successfully measure the LAr electron lifetime with an uncertainty comparable to alternate methods of measurement. The electron lifetime of the 35-ton Phase II run is determined to be $4.12\pm0.17$~(stat.)~$\pm0.40$~(syst.)~ms. For general purpose research and development of high purity LAr as a particle detection medium, a dedicated test stand was designed, constructed, and commissioned. The system is used to test the gaseous photomultiplier (GPM) performance at cryogenic temperatures. The GPM functions with photoelectron multiplication at 77~K, at a reduced gain. Further study is required to show the detector's direct sensitivity to LAr VUV scintillation light.

Published
2017

18. Background simulations and WIMP search with galactic signature dark matter experiments

Author

Mouton, Frederic and Spooner, Neil

Subjects
500
Abstract

There is now compelling evidence that ordinary baryonic matter only represents 15% of the matter content of the Universe. Observational results suggest that the remaining 85% may be constituted of dark matter possibly in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). One of the potential ways to detect these WIMPS is to look for their scattering interactions with nuclei. This is the basis of direct detection experiments. In particular, galactic signature direct detection experiments look for the characteristic properties of the WIMP signal. The current landscape of galactic signature experiments is dominated by two main types of experiments. Firstly, NaI (Tl) detectors are searching for the annual modulation of the WIMP recoil rate induced by the revolution of the Earth. Secondly, directional time projection chambers (TPCs) can reconstruct the momentum of the incoming scattering particle and determinate whether its origin is compatible with the WIMP wind. In this thesis, both types of experiments are addressed. For these rare-event searches, the performance of the detector is dictated by two linked parameters, the mass of target materials and the rate of background events. A new generation of galactic signature experiments is currently being developed. This work addresses the issue of the background levels through the use of Monte-Carlo simulations to predict the event rate associated with the different backgrounds. In the context of the COSINE experiment, these simulations investigate the neutron background in the detector and compare the associated rate to a theoretical model which proposes that neutrons may be responsible for the positive signal seen by the DAMA experiment. Otherwise, for the proposed CYGNUS experiments, these simulations are done in a way to facilitate the design effort of the collaboration and orientate the blueprints towards detectors which could potentially achieve background event rates below 1 per year. These efforts may potentially lead to the creation of background-free experiments larger than the DRIFT-IId TPC. Background-free status was achieved in DRIFT with the discovery of minority carriers in 2013. This thesis presents the current world-leading directional limit on the spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross section achieved with the DRIFT-IId detector. The recent detection of fast neutrons from the rock at the Boulby underground laboratory is also discussed. This is the first ever measurement of the concentration of radioisotopes in an underground laboratory using a TPC. This thesis is considering the impact that this new technique may have on future dark matter searches and how it may provide a new tool for neutron metrology in nuclear physics.

Published
2017

19. Towards the DRIFT-III directional dark matter experiment

Author

Sadler, Stephen and Spooner, Neil

Subjects
500
Abstract

There exists compelling evidence that baryonic matter constitutes only 15% of the matter budget of the Universe. Results from a diverse range of experiments suggest that the remaining 85% is in the form of weakly interacting particle dark matter, with a particular class of particle, the WIMPs, being favoured on theoretical grounds. Recently, hints of a WIMP signal have appeared at low WIMP mass in several solid-state direct dark matter detectors. However, these appear to be at odds with the exclusion limits from the most sensitive detectors in the world, which employ liquid noble gases as their target media. The DRIFT experiment aims to measure not only the energy, but also the directionality of WIMP-nucleon interactions, which would provide an unambiguous signal of dark matter. The current generation of the detector, the 1 m3 negative ion time projection chamber DRIFT-IId, is currently taking data underground at the Boulby Underground Science Facility. This thesis presents work toward the next generation of the experiment, DRIFT-IIe, which is acting as a technology testbed for the planned 24 m3 DRIFT-III detector. The main background contributor, radon gas, is investigated, and reduced by a factor of 2 through a program of materials screening and substitution. Simplification of the electronics scheme is investigated, and found to be possible with no measurable reduction in directionality or background discrimination. A new gas mixing system for the DRIFT-IIe detector is designed and commissioned, which is more remotely-controllable and incorporates lower-cost components than its predecessor. Finally, a new technique for fiducialising events in the z dimension is presented and a new automated analysis of this data developed, which is shown to improve the efficiency for detecting WIMPs by up to a factor of 3:5.

Published
2014

20. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross-sections using the DRIFT-IId directional dark matter detector

Author

Pipe, Mark, Daw, Edward, and Spooner, Neil

Subjects
523.1126
Abstract

The nature of dark matter remains one of the biggest questions in physics today. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are a particularly well motivated candidate for the missing matter that makes up 85% of the mass of the Universe. The most promising method for an unambiguous proof of the existence of WIMPs is via detection of the predicted directional anisotropy. The DRIFT detector at the Boulby Underground Laboratory in the UK is the world's first large scale directionally sensitive dark matter detector. This thesis presents work focussing on the ability of DRIFT to be competitive with non-directional detectors in exploring new spin-dependent WIMP interaction phase-space. Experimental efforts towards this are discussed, including the first calibration measurements of spin-dependent target gases in DRIFT, and development and implementation of an automated gas mixing system required for spin-dependent gas mixture operation. This thesis presents the first long-term study of backgrounds in DRIFT in which current limiting backgrounds are identified and studied, providing information crucial to future background reduction strategies. Developments of the WIMP analysis procedure are presented that result in an improved sensitivity to WIMP-mimicking neutron-induced nuclear recoils by a factor of 2.4. Data from the first runs with spin-dependent sensitive CS2-CF4 gas mixtures are presented with improved analysis methods. This thesis presents the first blind analysis results from a directionally sensitive dark matter detector with upper limits on the SD WIMP-proton interaction cross-section with a minimum of 0.93 pb for a 100 GeV WIMP.

Published
2011

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