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The aim of the study was to examine the impact of microbiological and organic fertilizers on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale during a three-year period (2009/10–2011/12). A two-factorial field experiment was arranged using a randomized block design with four replications. The object of the study was the triticale winter cultivar Odisej, and the following treatments were applied: a control variant without fertilization, microbiological fertilizer “Slavol” (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1, organic fertilizer “Biohumus Royal offert” (Altamed RS) 3.0 t ha-1 + microbiological fertilizer “Slavol” (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1. The results showed that the expression of the characteristics was significantly affected by the environment. The lowest values were obtained in the first year when the most unfavourable meteorological conditions were observed. The application of microbiological fertilizer had no impact on the stem length and grain weight per spike, but it significantly increased the number of fertile spikelets (3.7%), spike length (7.7%) and grain yield (18.6%). The combined application of fertilizers provided better results for all the examined characteristics, while in comparison with the control, the differences ranged from 4.3% for the number of fertile spikelets to 46.5% for grain yield. The strongest correlation was determined between the spike length and the number of fertile spikelets (r = 0.939**). The obtained results lead to the conclusion that under variable environmental conditions, the application of fertilizers has a significant impact on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale, and consequently on the stability of this crop production in the organic farming system., Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitivanje uticaja biohumusa i biofertilizatora na morfološke i produktivne osobine tritikalea u trogodišnjem periodu (2009/102011/12). Poljski ogled je postavljen kao dvofaktorijalni, po metodi blok sistema sa slučajnim rasporedom tretmana u četiri ponavljanja. Predmet ispitivanja bila je ozima sorta tritikalea, Odisej, a ispitivan je uticaj sledećih tretmana: kontrola bez đubrenja, biofertilizator (5,0 l ha-1), biohumus (3,0 t ha-1) + biofertilizator (5,0 l ha-1). Rezultati su pokazali da spoljašnja sredina ima značajan uticaj na ekspresiju ispitivanih osobina. Najmanje vrednosti dobijene su u prvoj godini, koja je imala i najnepovoljnije meteorološke uslove. Đubrenje je imalo statistički značajan uticaj na većinu ispitivanih osobina. Primena biofertilizatora nije uticala na dužinu stabla i masu zrna u klasu, ali je značajno povećala broj plodnih klasića (3,7%), dužinu klasa (7,7%) i prinos zrna (18,6%). Kombinovanom primenom đubriva postignuti su bolji rezultati za sve ispitivane osobine, a razlike u odnosu na kontrolu bez đubrenja kretale su se u nivou od 4,3% za broj plodnih klasića do 46,5% kod prinosa zrna. Najjača korelaciona povezanost ustanovljena je između dužine klasa i broja plodnih klasića (r = 0,939**). Dobijeni rezultati upućuju na zaključak da, u promenljivim uslovima spoljašnje sredine, primena dobro izbalansiranih formula organskih i mikrobioloških đubriva ima značajan uticaj na morfološke i produktivne osobine tritikalea, a samim tim na stabilnost proizvodnje ovog useva u sistemu organskog gajenja.

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of microbiological and organic fertilizers on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale during a three-year period (2009/10–2011/12). A two-factorial field experiment was arranged using a randomized block design with four replications. The object of the study was the triticale winter cultivar Odisej, and the following treatments were applied: a control variant without fertilization, microbiological fertilizer “Slavol” (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1, organic fertilizer “Biohumus Royal offert” (Altamed RS) 3.0 t ha-1 + microbiological fertilizer “Slavol” (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1. The results showed that the expression of the characteristics was significantly affected by the environment. The lowest values were obtained in the first year when the most unfavourable meteorological conditions were observed. The application of microbiological fertilizer had no impact on the stem length and grain weight per spike, but it significantly increased the number of fertile spikelets (3.7%), spike length (7.7%) and grain yield (18.6%). The combined application of fertilizers provided better results for all the examined characteristics, while in comparison with the control, the differences ranged from 4.3% for the number of fertile spikelets to 46.5% for grain yield. The strongest correlation was determined between the spike length and the number of fertile spikelets (r = 0.939**). The obtained results lead to the conclusion that under variable environmental conditions, the application of fertilizers has a significant impact on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale, and consequently on the stability of this crop production in the organic farming system., Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitivanje uticaja biohumusa i biofertilizatora na morfološke i produktivne osobine tritikalea u trogodišnjem periodu (2009/102011/12). Poljski ogled je postavljen kao dvofaktorijalni, po metodi blok sistema sa slučajnim rasporedom tretmana u četiri ponavljanja. Predmet ispitivanja bila je ozima sorta tritikalea, Odisej, a ispitivan je uticaj sledećih tretmana: kontrola bez đubrenja, biofertilizator (5,0 l ha-1), biohumus (3,0 t ha-1) + biofertilizator (5,0 l ha-1). Rezultati su pokazali da spoljašnja sredina ima značajan uticaj na ekspresiju ispitivanih osobina. Najmanje vrednosti dobijene su u prvoj godini, koja je imala i najnepovoljnije meteorološke uslove. Đubrenje je imalo statistički značajan uticaj na većinu ispitivanih osobina. Primena biofertilizatora nije uticala na dužinu stabla i masu zrna u klasu, ali je značajno povećala broj plodnih klasića (3,7%), dužinu klasa (7,7%) i prinos zrna (18,6%). Kombinovanom primenom đubriva postignuti su bolji rezultati za sve ispitivane osobine, a razlike u odnosu na kontrolu bez đubrenja kretale su se u nivou od 4,3% za broj plodnih klasića do 46,5% kod prinosa zrna. Najjača korelaciona povezanost ustanovljena je između dužine klasa i broja plodnih klasića (r = 0,939**). Dobijeni rezultati upućuju na zaključak da, u promenljivim uslovima spoljašnje sredine, primena dobro izbalansiranih formula organskih i mikrobioloških đubriva ima značajan uticaj na morfološke i produktivne osobine tritikalea, a samim tim na stabilnost proizvodnje ovog useva u sistemu organskog gajenja.

Variability of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 have share in forming of grain yield of wheat. The aim of this study was estimation of variability of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 in 20 genetically divergent wheat cultivars grown in different environmental conditions. The experiment was set up as a randomised block design in three replications. Obtained results indicated differences in average values of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 among tested cultivars in both years of experiment. In average for all cultivars length of spike was higher in the second year than in first year of experiment. Also, average value of number of spikelets spike-1 was higher in second year at the analysed wheat cultivars. The wheat cultivar Dejana expressed the longest spike (12.50cm) in the second experimental year while the wheat cultivar Sumadinka had the shortest spike (8.91cm) in the first year. On the base of results were established variability of both analysed spike traits in wheat cultivars. Also, this results showed significant differences among wheat cultivars according to length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 , which are determined by genetic and environmental factors

Variability of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 have share in forming of grain yield of wheat. The aim of this study was estimation of variability of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 in 20 genetically divergent wheat cultivars grown in different environmental conditions. The experiment was set up as a randomised block design in three replications. Obtained results indicated differences in average values of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 among tested cultivars in both years of experiment. In average for all cultivars length of spike was higher in the second year than in first year of experiment. Also, average value of number of spikelets spike-1 was higher in second year at the analysed wheat cultivars. The wheat cultivar Dejana expressed the highest length of spike (12.50cm) in average in the second experimental year while the wheat cultivar Sumadinka had the least length of spike (8.91cm) in average in the first year. Based on the results was established, variability of wheat cultivars for the both analysed traits of spike, as well as, significant differences between the wheat cultivars according to length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 , which are in dependence of genetic and environmental factors.

By executing appropriate agro-technical measures in the process of production of field crops (wheat), due to the numerous passages by machines, the soil gets compacted. In the family farms in Serbia, technological processes of production of field crops comprise specific agro-technical measures, starting with distribution of fertilizers, a multi-phase soil treatment system, followed by sowing, protecting, fertilization, harvesting, transporting of grain and plant residues. Thus, in the implementation of technological operations in the production of plant crops, the land area of the plot is exposed to 10 to 15 passages by tractor and self-propelled systems. A large number of passages by machines result in the soil compaction in the centre of the plot, and especially on the edges - headlands, which negatively affects the yield of cultivated crops and leads to physical and mechanical disturbance of the structure of the soil. The aim of the research was to determine the difference in yield, plant height, spike length, 1000 grain weight and volume grain wheat in the central part of the plot in relation to the headlands of the plot. For the purpose of this paper, a trial was set up with varieties of wheat Pobeda at three sites, and the wheat yield was measured on the inner part - plot centre and the edges - headlands of the plot, with more pronounced soil compaction. During the research, in addition to the yield, the following were determined: the difference in plant height, spike length, 1000 grain weight and volume (hectolitre) grain weight in the middle plot and headlands. The yield of wheat on the inner part of the plot at all locations was above 44% to 69.06% to yield realized on the headlands. The average plant height was higher by 4.76% to 13.75%, and the spike length from 6.11% to 15.93% in the middle of the plot relative to the edges - headlands. On the inner part of the plot the weight of 1000 grains and volume weight were lower compared to the values of these pr

Variability of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 have share in forming of grain yield of wheat. The aim of this study was estimation of variability of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 in 20 genetically divergent wheat cultivars grown in different environmental conditions. The experiment was set up as a randomised block design in three replications. Obtained results indicated differences in average values of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 among tested cultivars in both years of experiment. In average for all cultivars length of spike was higher in the second year than in first year of experiment. Also, average value of number of spikelets spike-1 was higher in second year at the analysed wheat cultivars. The wheat cultivar Dejana expressed the longest spike (12.50cm) in the second experimental year while the wheat cultivar Sumadinka had the shortest spike (8.91cm) in the first year. On the base of results were established variability of both analysed spike traits in wheat cultivars. Also, this results showed significant differences among wheat cultivars according to length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1, which are determined by genetic and environmental factors.

By executing appropriate agro-technical measures in the process of production of field crops (wheat), due to the numerous passages by machines, the soil gets compacted. In the family farms in Serbia, technological processes of production of field crops comprise specific agro-technical measures, starting with distribution of fertilizers, a multi-phase soil treatment system, followed by sowing, protecting, fertilization, harvesting, transporting of grain and plant residues. Thus, in the implementation of technological operations in the production of plant crops, the land area of the plot is exposed to 10 to 15 passages by tractor and self-propelled systems. A large number of passages by machines result in the soil compaction in the centre of the plot, and especially on the edges - headlands, which negatively affects the yield of cultivated crops and leads to physical and mechanical disturbance of the structure of the soil. The aim of the research was to determine the difference in yield, plant height, spike length, 1000 grain weight and volume grain wheat in the central part of the plot in relation to the headlands of the plot. For the purpose of this paper, a trial was set up with varieties of wheat Pobeda at three sites, and the wheat yield was measured on the inner part - plot centre and the edges - headlands of the plot, with more pronounced soil compaction. During the research, in addition to the yield, the following were determined: the difference in plant height, spike length, 1000 grain weight and volume (hectolitre) grain weight in the middle plot and headlands. The yield of wheat on the inner part of the plot at all locations was above 44% to 69.06% to yield realized on the headlands. The average plant height was higher by 4.76% to 13.75%, and the spike length from 6.11% to 15.93% in the middle of the plot relative to the edges - headlands. On the inner part of the plot the weight of 1000 grains and volume weight were lower compared to the values of these pr

The permanent need for efficient plant breeding comes from the increment of human population, which is projected to reach 9.7 million by 2050. Novel approaches could be used to reach these goals more rapidly, raising the question of efficiency, as well. Spike length is one of the important components of grain yield formation in wheat. The influence of individual plan traits is getting more important to grain yield formation per area unit in stressful growing conditions, which are increasingly present due to global climate changes. The objectives of the present research were three-fold: (i) to determine the influence of a genotype, environment and their interaction on spike length and to evaluate stability of the trait; (ii) to present cause-causing links on a graphical example; (iii) to transform a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components. Samples were obtained from 96 winter wheat cultivars grown in 2011/12 and 2012/13 on two locations. The wheat genotype population was profiled with 28 microsatellites. The ANOVA of the total phenotypic variation of the experiment shows that genotypes took the largest portion, followed by the influence of the GE interaction. Additional analysis of the GE interaction using the PCA analysis shows a statistical significance of the first two main components. In the conducted research, the dispersion of the points represents two subpopulations, but the geographical origin could not explain the grouping of genotypes within the same, so the division into two groups was done on the basis of their lines of descent.

The paper presents the results of the investigation into the effects of mineral application rates, tillage methods a pre-sowing eacterization of seeds with preparations on the basis of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria on the structure elements which are to form spring barley productivity. The analysis of principle elements of the spring barley productivity has shown that the pre-sowing bacterization of seeds with biopreparations results in more a longer spikes with the greater number of grains in each. The highest indices were detected when polymixobacterin was used against the background of the calculated quantity of the mineral fertilizer. They exceeded the indices of the control plant group (grown without pre-sowing treatment) by 27,0, 48,5 and 67,9 % respectively. We have determined that the dressing of spring barley seeds with bacterial preparations exerts a positive influence on its yielding capacity. Our three-year-long studies have demonstrated that the highest yielding capacity can be achieved through the complex usage of bacterization a mineral fertilizers., Наведено результати впливу доз мінеральних добрив, способу обробітку ґрунту та передпосівної бактеризації насіння препаратами на основі фосфатмобілізівних бактерій на елементи структури, які формують продуктивність ячменю ярого. При аналізі основних елементів продуктивності ячменю ярого встановлено певні відмінності залежно від передпосівної бактеризації насіння порівняно з контролем. Зокрема, простежували збільшення довжини колосу, кількості колосків і числа зерен у колосі ячменю ярого за застосування біопрепаратів. Найвищими ці показники були при застосуванні поліміксобактерину по фону розрахункової дози мінеральних добрив і перевищили контрольний варіант відповідно на 27,0, 48,5 і 67,9 %. У дослідженнях обробка насіння ячменю ярого бактеріальними препаратами позитивно вплинула на формування його урожайності. Так, у середньому за три роки досліджень найвищу урожайність отримано за комплексного застосування бактеризації та мінеральних добрив.

The aim of this research was to examine variability, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance of plant height (PH), spike length (SL) and productive tillering (PTC) of 30 genotypes of bread and durum wheat, and correlations between them. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Šančevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that genotype was the most significant source of variation for SL in bread and durum wheat with 67.1% and 54.4% of explained sum of squares (SS) and for PH in bread wheat with the 66% of SS. Environment represented the most important source of variation for PTC in bread and durum wheat wheat with 68% and 35.9% of SS and also for PH in durum wheat with 51.6% of SS. The ratio of genetic and genotype × environment interaction (σ² g / σ² ge )components of variance indicated more stability in bread wheat for PH and SL and less for PTC in both wheat species. Broad-sense heritability (h²) was very high (>90%) for PH and SL in bread and durum wheat, but smaller for PTC (80.7% and 75.6%, respectively). Considering the high obtained values of h² and high expected genetic advance as percent of mean for PH and SL of bread wheat and for PTC of durum wheat the success of selection for desired trait values can be predicted. PH proved to be correlated with PTC at three environments(0.538, 0.532, P lt 0.05, 0.708, P lt 0.01)., Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se prouči varijabilnost, heritabilnost u širem smislu, genetička dobit za visinu biljke (PH), dužinu klasa (SL) i koeficijent produktivnog bokorenja (PTC) 30 genotipova hlebne i durum pšenice, kao i korelacije među njima. Poljski ogledi su bili postavljeni tokom 2010-2011. i 2011-2012 vegetacione sezone na tri lokaliteta: Rimski Šančevi, Zemun Polje i Padinska Skela. Rezultati ovog istraživanja su pokazali da je genotip bio najznačajniji izvor variranja za SL hlebne i durum pšenice sa 67,1% i 54,4% objašnjene sume kvadrata (SS) i za PH hlebne pšenice sa 66% SS. Ekološki faktori su predstavljali najznačajniji izvor variranja za PTC hlebne i durum pšenice sa 68% i 35,9% SS, kao i za PH durum pšenice sa 51,6% SS. Odnos komponenti varijanse-genetičke i interakcije genotip × sredina (σ² g / σ² ge ) je ukazala na veću stabilnost hlebne pšenice za PH i SL, i manju za PTC, za obe vrste pšenice. Heritabilnost u širem smislu (h²) je bila veoma visoka (> 90%) za PH i SL hlebne i durum pšenice, dok je za PTC bila niža (80,7% i 75,6%). Uzimajući u obzir dobijene visoke vrednosti za h² i očekivanu genetička dobit izraženu u procentima proseka za PH i SL hlebne pšenice i za PTC durum pšenice, može se očekivati uspeh selekcije za očekivane vrednosti proučavanih osobina. PH je bila korelisana sa PTC u tri sredine (0,538 i 0,532, P lt 0,05, 0,708, P lt 0,01).

The paper presents the results of the investigation into the effects of mineral application rates, tillage methods a pre-sowing eacterization of seeds with preparations on the basis of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria on the structure elements which are to form spring barley productivity. The analysis of principle elements of the spring barley productivity has shown that the pre-sowing bacterization of seeds with biopreparations results in more a longer spikes with the greater number of grains in each. The highest indices were detected when polymixobacterin was used against the background of the calculated quantity of the mineral fertilizer. They exceeded the indices of the control plant group (grown without pre-sowing treatment) by 27,0, 48,5 and 67,9 % respectively. We have determined that the dressing of spring barley seeds with bacterial preparations exerts a positive influence on its yielding capacity. Our three-year-long studies have demonstrated that the highest yielding capacity can be achieved through the complex usage of bacterization a mineral fertilizers., Наведено результати впливу доз мінеральних добрив, способу обробітку ґрунту та передпосівної бактеризації насіння препаратами на основі фосфатмобілізівних бактерій на елементи структури, які формують продуктивність ячменю ярого. При аналізі основних елементів продуктивності ячменю ярого встановлено певні відмінності залежно від передпосівної бактеризації насіння порівняно з контролем. Зокрема, простежували збільшення довжини колосу, кількості колосків і числа зерен у колосі ячменю ярого за застосування біопрепаратів. Найвищими ці показники були при застосуванні поліміксобактерину по фону розрахункової дози мінеральних добрив і перевищили контрольний варіант відповідно на 27,0, 48,5 і 67,9 %. У дослідженнях обробка насіння ячменю ярого бактеріальними препаратами позитивно вплинула на формування його урожайності. Так, у середньому за три роки досліджень найвищу урожайність отримано за комплексного застосування бактеризації та мінеральних добрив.

The paper presents the results of the investigation into the effects of mineral application rates, tillage methods a pre-sowing eacterization of seeds with preparations on the basis of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria on the structure elements which are to form spring barley productivity. The analysis of principle elements of the spring barley productivity has shown that the pre-sowing bacterization of seeds with biopreparations results in more a longer spikes with the greater number of grains in each. The highest indices were detected when polymixobacterin was used against the background of the calculated quantity of the mineral fertilizer. They exceeded the indices of the control plant group (grown without pre-sowing treatment) by 27,0, 48,5 and 67,9 % respectively. We have determined that the dressing of spring barley seeds with bacterial preparations exerts a positive influence on its yielding capacity. Our three-year-long studies have demonstrated that the highest yielding capacity can be achieved through the complex usage of bacterization a mineral fertilizers., Наведено результати впливу доз мінеральних добрив, способу обробітку ґрунту та передпосівної бактеризації насіння препаратами на основі фосфатмобілізівних бактерій на елементи структури, які формують продуктивність ячменю ярого. При аналізі основних елементів продуктивності ячменю ярого встановлено певні відмінності залежно від передпосівної бактеризації насіння порівняно з контролем. Зокрема, простежували збільшення довжини колосу, кількості колосків і числа зерен у колосі ячменю ярого за застосування біопрепаратів. Найвищими ці показники були при застосуванні поліміксобактерину по фону розрахункової дози мінеральних добрив і перевищили контрольний варіант відповідно на 27,0, 48,5 і 67,9 %. У дослідженнях обробка насіння ячменю ярого бактеріальними препаратами позитивно вплинула на формування його урожайності. Так, у середньому за три роки досліджень найвищу урожайність отримано за комплексного застосування бактеризації та мінеральних добрив.

The aim of this field study was to evaluate genotype x year interaction for spike length, 1000 seed weight, seed number per g and hectoliter mass in perennial ryegrass, using eight divergent genotypes across two growing seasons. Interaction was evaluated using AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) model. All traits schowed additive (genotype, year) and non additive (genotype x year interaction) variation. On the basis od AMMI1 biplot genotype G4 showed most stability for all examined traits, so it can be recommended for sowing in different environmental conditions. Also, the genotype G4 could be used in the creation of new local varieties of perennial ryegrass.

In this paper was analyzed genetic and phenotypic variability of the spike length and number of spikelets per spike. Ten winter wheat cultivars (Arsenal, KG-56, Gruza, Mironovskaya 808, Norin 10, Rana Niska, Spartanka, Sterna, Osjecanka, and Szegedi 765) originated from different selection centers and countries were selected for this study. Investigated spike characteristics depended highly by growing seasons and analyzed varieties. Average values for spike length varied from 8.1 cm to 14.5 cm, and for number of spikelets per spike varied from 20.4 to 25.8. The highest average value for spike length was observed in Mironovskaya 808 variety (14.5cm). This variety showed the lowest variability of this property with a coefficient of variation of V = 7.7%. The lowest value of spike length was found in Rana Niska (8.1cm), with a coefficient of variation of V = 14.2%. Heritability in broad sense for spike length was about 98%, and for number of spikelets per spike about 75%. Statistical analysis of variance established highly significant differences in mean values for spike length and number of spikelets per spike. Phenotypic analysis of variance indicated that ecological factors had higher impact on the expression of number of spikelets per spike, but genetic factors had higher impact on the expression of spike length.

Gladiolus grandiflorus L. genotypes were evaluated for growth and floral parameters in Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, under Yercaud conditions. Significant differences were recorded for all traits studied. Among 42 genotypes evaluated, 'Pusa Shagun' and 'Pusa Swarnima' recorded quality spikes with higher vase life indicating their suitability for use in floral arrangement, while, genotypes like 'Thumbolina', 'Priscilla' and 'Candyman' were found superior in characters like corm number, corm weight and corm diameter. Taking into account various growth and floral characters of the genotypes studied, Pusa Swarnima, Pusa Shagun, Thumbolina, Priscilla and Candyman can be recommended for cut-flower production in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu.

Gladiolus grandiflorus L. genotypes were evaluated for growth and floral parameters in Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, under Yercaud conditions. Significant differences were recorded for all traits studied. Among 42 genotypes evaluated, 'Pusa Shagun' and 'Pusa Swarnima' recorded quality spikes with higher vase life indicating their suitability for use in floral arrangement, while, genotypes like 'Thumbolina', 'Priscilla' and 'Candyman' were found superior in characters like corm number, corm weight and corm diameter. Taking into account various growth and floral characters of the genotypes studied, Pusa Swarnima, Pusa Shagun, Thumbolina, Priscilla and Candyman can be recommended for cut-flower production in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu.

The genetic and phenotypic variability for plant height and spike length were analyzed in ten winter wheat cultivars from different selection centers. The experiment was performed in randomized block design in five replications on the experimental field in two years. A total number of 50 plants have been analyzed in the full maturity stage. Average estimated values of plant height and spike length differed significantly among years and among cultivars. The highest average value for plant height established at Ljubičevka cultivar (89cm), and the lowest average plant height established at Zagrepčanka (64.0cm). Higher values are established in the second year than in the first year of investigation (69.1cm, 63.9cm, respectively). The variation coefficient of plant height for all examined cultivars and years varied from 2.7% to 6.1%. The highest average value for spike length showed Ljubičevka (9.8cm), and the lowest Slavonija (7.0cm). All investigated cultivars had higher average value of spike length in the second year (8.8cm) than in the first year (7.7cm). The variation coefficient of spike length for all examined cultivars and years varied from 5.3% (Jugoslavija) to 8.7% (Baranjka). The highest influence on plant height expression had genetic factors (66.16%), but lower impact belonged to environmental factors (26.75%), and only 3.31% belonged to genetic/environment interaction. Spike length expression also highly depended to genetic factors (52.60%), but on this trait expression the environmental factors had higher influence (40.26%) than on plant height.

The heritability, phenotypic variability and components of variance for spike length and number of spikelets per spike have been studied in 50 cultivars from different selection centers all over the world. The experiment was performed in randomized block design in three replications on the experimental field in two years. A total number of 60 plants have been analyzed in the full maturity stage. Average estimated values of spike length and number of spikelets per spike differed significantly among years and among cultivars. The highest average value of spike length had Mironovskaya 808 cultivar (x =14.5 cm), and the lowest value was found in Etoille de Choisy (x=8.1 cm) and San Pastore cultivar (x=8.2). During investigated periods the highest average value for number of spikelets/spike had Sava cultivar (x=28.2), and the lowest value expressed Frontana cultivar (x=19.2). The average variation coefficient for spike length was 8.0%, and for number of spikelets per spike was 7.5%. The lowest variability for spike length was established in Pernel cultivar (V=4.8%) and the highest in Lepenica cultivar (V=12.9%). The coefficient of variation for number of spikelets per spike ranged from 4.7% in Bankut 1205 to 12.4% in Norin 10 cultivar. The obtained herita bility values in broad sense were fairly high for spike length (96.4%) and number of spikelets per spike (79.1%). Phenotypic analysis of variance indicated that genetic variance took a larger portion of the total phenotypic variability for spike length (81.82%) and for number of spikelets per spike (57.36%) than influence of environmental factors on expressing of analyzed yield components., U radu je proučavana genetička i fenotipska varijabilnost dužine klasa i broja klasića po klasu kod 50 genetički divergentnih sorti pšenice. Istraživanja su obavljena u poljskom ogledu izvedenom po slučajnom blok sistemu u tri ponavljanja, tokom dve godine. Analize su uradjene na uzorku od 60 biljka u punoj fazi zrelosti. Utvrdjene su signifikantne razlike za dužinu klasa i broj klasića po klasu izmedju sorti i godina. Najveća vrednost dužine klasa ustanovljena je kod sorte Mironovskaya 808 (14,5 cm), a najmanja kod sorti Etoille de Choisy (8,1 cm) i San Pastore (8,2 cm). Sorta Sava je imala najveći broj klasića po klasu (28,2), a najmanja vrednost za ovo svojstvo utvrdjena je kod Frontane (19,2). Prosečna varijabilnost dužine klasa (V = 8,0%) i broja klasića po klasu (V = 7,5%) bila je dosta niska. Najmanju varijabilnost za dužinu klasa ispoljila je sorta Pernel (V = 4,8%), a za broj klasića po klasu sorta Bankut 1205 (V = 4,7%). Utvrdjena je visoka vrednost za heritabilnost u širem smislu za dužinu klasa (h2 = 96,4%), a nešto niža vrednost za broj klasića po klasu (h2 = 79,1%). Analizom komponenti fenotipske varijanse ustanovljeno je da genetički faktori imaju veći udeo u ispoljavanju dužine klasa (81,82%) i broja klasića po klasu (57,36%) od faktora spoljne sredine