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In-Ae Song,1,&ast; Hye Yoon Park,2,3,&ast; Tak Kyu Oh1 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; 2Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; 3Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tak Kyu OhDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, South KoreaTel +82-31-787-7499Email airohtak@hotmail.comBackground: We aimed to investigate the association of sleep disorder diagnosis among sepsis survivors with 5-year all-cause mortality.Methods: Using the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database of South Korea, we included adult sepsis survivors who were primarily diagnosed with sepsis between 2011 and 2014 and survived for more than one year after diagnosis. The diagnosis of sleep disorders was evaluated using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes of G47&ast; in the NHIS database.Results: In total, 45,826 survivors of sepsis were included in this analysis. Among the sepsis survivors, 2935 (6.4%) were newly diagnosed with a sleep disorder within 1 year after the date of sepsis diagnosis, while 7938 (17.3%) were already diagnosed with sleep disorder before the date of sepsis diagnosis. In the multivariable Cox regression, the risk of 5-year all-cause mortality in the pre- and post-sepsis sleep disorder groups was 1.19-fold (hazard ratio: 1.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.14– 1.24; P< 0.001) and 1.79-fold (hazard ratio: 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.70– 1.89; P< 0.001) higher than that of the control group.Conclusion: A 6.4% of sepsis survivors in South Korea were newly diagnosed with a sleep disorder within 1 year of sepsis diagnosis. Although both pre- and post-sepsis sleep disorders were as

The 2014 Surgeon General's Report on smoking and health concluded that changing cigarette designs have caused an increase in lung adenocarcinomas, implicating cigarette filter ventilation that lowers smoking machine tar yields. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now has the authority to regulate cigarette design if doing so would improve public health. To support a potential regulatory action, two weight-of-evidence reviews were applied for causally relating filter ventilation to lung adenocarcinoma. Published scientific literature (3284 citations) and internal tobacco company documents contributed to causation analysis evidence blocks and the identification of research gaps. Filter ventilation was adopted in the mid-1960s and was initially equated with making a cigarette safer. Since then, lung adenocarcinoma rates paradoxically increased relative to other lung cancer subtypes. Filter ventilation 1) alters tobacco combustion, increasing smoke toxicants; 2) allows for elasticity of use so that smokers inhale more smoke to maintain their nicotine intake; and 3) causes a false perception of lower health risk from "lighter" smoke. Seemingly not supportive of a causal relationship is that human exposure biomarker studies indicate no reduction in exposure, but these do not measure exposure in the lung or utilize known biomarkers of harm. Altered puffing and inhalation may make smoke available to lung cells prone to adenocarcinomas. The analysis strongly suggests that filter ventilation has contributed to the rise in lung adenocarcinomas among smokers. Thus, the FDA should consider regulating its use, up to and including a ban. Herein, we propose a research agenda to support such an effort.

The 2014 Surgeon General's Report on smoking and health concluded that changing cigarette designs have caused an increase in lung adenocarcinomas, implicating cigarette filter ventilation that lowers smoking machine tar yields. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) now has the authority to regulate cigarette design if doing so would improve public health. To support a potential regulatory action, two weight-of-evidence reviews were applied for causally relating filter ventilation to lung adenocarcinoma. Published scientific literature (3284 citations) and internal tobacco company documents contributed to causation analysis evidence blocks and the identification of research gaps. Filter ventilation was adopted in the mid-1960s and was initially equated with making a cigarette safer. Since then, lung adenocarcinoma rates paradoxically increased relative to other lung cancer subtypes. Filter ventilation 1) alters tobacco combustion, increasing smoke toxicants; 2) allows for elasticity of use so that smokers inhale more smoke to maintain their nicotine intake; and 3) causes a false perception of lower health risk from "lighter" smoke. Seemingly not supportive of a causal relationship is that human exposure biomarker studies indicate no reduction in exposure, but these do not measure exposure in the lung or utilize known biomarkers of harm. Altered puffing and inhalation may make smoke available to lung cells prone to adenocarcinomas. The analysis strongly suggests that filter ventilation has contributed to the rise in lung adenocarcinomas among smokers. Thus, the FDA should consider regulating its use, up to and including a ban. Herein, we propose a research agenda to support such an effort.

Hey-Ran Choi,1 In-Ae Song,2 Tak Kyu Oh,2 Young-Tae Jeon21Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South KoreaPurpose: This study is aimed to investigate an association between perioperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and both opioid consumption and postoperative pain scores in postoperative days (PODs) in patients who underwent laparoscopic major abdominal surgery. We hypothesized that postoperative opioid requirements and numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores would be positively associated with perioperative CRP levels.Patients and method: Medical records from 4,653 patients who underwent a laparoscopic major abdominal surgery from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to identify the association of preoperative and postoperative CRP levels, and increase in CRP level (postoperative CRP level – preoperative CRP level) with postoperative pain outcomes during POD 0–3.Results: An increase of 1 mg dL−1 of postoperative CRP level was significantly associated with 1.4% increase morphine equivalent consumption [exponentiated regression (Exp) coefficient: 0.014, 95% CI (0.011, 0.016), P<0.001], whereas preoperative CRP levels were not significantly associated with morphine equivalent consumption on POD 0–3 (P=0.450). A 1 mg dL−1, of increase in CRP level was significantly associated with 1% increase of morphine equivalent consumption [Exp coefficient: 0.010, 95% CI (0.008, 0.012), P<0.001]. Postoperative CRP levels were positively associated with NRS pain scores on POD 1, POD 2, and POD 3 (P<0.001). Increases of CRP levels were also positively associated with NRS pain scores on POD 0, POD 1, POD2, and POD3 (P<0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest

Mucin1 (MUC1), a heterodimeric oncoprotein, containing tandem repeat structures with a high proportion of threonine, is aberrantly overexpressed in many human cancers including pancreatic cancer. Since the overall survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients has remained low for several decades, novel therapeutic approaches are highly needed. Intestinal mucin has been known to be affected by dietary threonine supply since de novo synthesis of mucin proteins is sensitive to luminal threonine concentration. However, it is unknown whether biosynthesis of MUC1 is regulated by threonine in human cancers. In this study, data provided suggests that threonine starvation reduces the level of MUC1 and inhibits the migration of MUC1-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly, knockdown of threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TRS), an enzyme that catalyzes the ligation of threonine to its cognate tRNA, also suppresses MUC1 levels but not mRNA levels. The inhibitors of TRS decrease the level of MUC1 protein and prohibit the migration of MUC1-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, a positive correlation between TRS and MUC1 levels is observed in human pancreatic cancer cells. Concurrent with these results, the bioinformatics data indicate that co-expression of both TRS and MUC1 is correlated with the poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Taken together, these findings suggest a role for TRS in controlling MUC1-mediated cancer cell migration and provide insight into targeting TRS as a novel therapeutic approach to pancreatic cancer treatment.

Tak Kyu Oh,1 Sung-Bum Kang,2 In-Ae Song,1 Jung-Won Hwang,1 Sang-Hwan Do,1 Jin Hee Kim,1 Ah-Young Oh1 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 2Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of preoperative serum total cholesterol on postoperative pain outcome in patients who had undergone laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who had undergone laparoscopic colorectal surgery from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2017, to identify the relationship of total cholesterol levels within a month prior to surgery with the numeric rating scale (NRS) scores and total opioid consumption on postoperative days (PODs) 0–2. Results: We included 1,944 patients. No significant correlations were observed between total cholesterol and the NRS (POD 0), NRS (POD 1), and oral morphine equivalents (PODs 0–2) (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the low (<160 mg/dL), medium (160–199 mg/dL), and high (≥200 mg/dL) groups in NRS scores on PODs 0, 1, or 2 (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant association in multivariate linear regression analysis for postoperative opioid consumption according to preoperative serum total cholesterol level (coefficient 0.08, 95% CI –0.01 to 0.18, P=0.81). Conclusion: This study showed that there was no meaningful association between preoperative total cholesterol level and postoperative pain outcome after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. Keywords: cholesterol, analgesia, colon, rectum, laparoscopy

Tak Kyu Oh,1 Kwhanmien Kim,2 Sanghoon Jheon,2 Sang-Hwan Do,1 Jung-Won Hwang,1 Jin Hee Kim,1 Young-Tae Jeon,1 In-Ae Song1 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea; 2Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea Purpose: The relationship between chronic smoking history and postoperative pain remains controversial. This study aimed to elucidate this relationship in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy.Patients and methods: This retrospective observational study included NSCLC patients treated with VATS lobectomy between January 2011 and July 2017. Demographic and clinical information, including preoperative smoking history, was collected. The primary goal was to investigate the relationship between smoking history and postoperative pain outcomes (oral morphine equivalent [OME] consumption and pain score). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed, and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: A total of 1,785 patients were included in the final analysis. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that total smoking amount (in packs), status as current smoker, and cessation time did not have an association with OME consumption (mg) or pain scores on postoperative days 0–2 (P>0.05). However, patients who had never smoked consumed less morphine equivalent analgesics (mg) on postoperative days 0–2 (coefficient: −17.48, 95% CI [−33.83, −1.13], P=0.036) compared to patients who had a history of smoking.Conclusion: Patients who had never smoked had lower opioid analgesics consumption on the days immediately following surgery, while being a current smoker or the total amount of smoking in packs did not affect postoperative pain outcomes after VATS lung lobectomy. Keywords: anesth

Copper aluminium oxide(CuAlO2) particles a promissing p-type TCO(transparent conducting oxide), were prepared by spray pyrolysis. Delafossite phase of CuAlO2 was obtained when copper nitrate, copper acetate and copper sulfate, divalent copper precursors, were used as copper precursor and aluminium nitrate as aluminium precursors. However, when copper chloride (CuCl, a monovalent copper precursor) was used, the delafossite phase was not obtained regardless of the type of aluminium precursor. The O2-doped CuAlO2 was obtained by using oxygen as carrier gas., Pub in: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Volume 703. This article is from ADA401575 Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials IV held in Boston, Massachusetts on November 26-29, 2001