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This thesis attempts to illustrate how texts engage in a struggle to define social reality. The academic and political debate on the drone provides a case study illustrating pro-drone, anti-drone and drone-deconstructivist text´s attempt to define social reality around the drone. Through this exploration the thesis contests the positivist notion that reality is fixed and can be discovered. The thesis utilizes IR poststructuralism as a theoretical guideline and engages with a range of poststructuralist concepts and sub-theories identified in previous research. Methodologically, the thesis conducts a qualitative content analysis on three journal articles, two speeches and two chapters of a report. Moreover, the thesis conducts a discourse analysis to contextualize findings and provide in-depth analysis of examples. The thesis presents and analyzes findings in accordance with the categories identified in coding, highlights an example through discourse analysis and links findings to the research question concerned with texts struggle to define social reality. The thesis concludes by arguing that the drone-debate is a “battlespace” for defining social reality, thus contesting the positivist notion that social reality is fixed.

Talent refers to the process of developing, attracting and assimilating new members and retaining employees within a company. The focus of talent management is to highlight those who have high potential in the workplace, and in their skill set they are required to have resilient characteristics that are part of the protective factors that are developed through resilience, turning them into a competent person, capable of taking action. Faced with professional adversity. The purpose of this study was to identify the resilience factors of professionals from public institutions in public institutions in the state of Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador, who contributed information to this study. Methodology of the process is a type of descriptive analysis using quantitative methods, supported by statistical methods, the results are analyzed through interview techniques and the SV-RES Resilience Scale, a tool that has been scientifically endorsed by its superior. reliability. In this way, the resilience factors that professionals in the state of Portoviejo possess are evidenced by developing a medium-high level of resilience in these factors that constitute the internal and external resources of the individual, concluding that these factors make them capable of acting with effectiveness, projecting an image of professional security, making it clear that they are capable of facing adverse situations, taking a positive position in their lives and changing complex social realities., El talento se refiere al proceso de desarrollo, atracción y asimilación de nuevos miembros y retención de empleados dentro de una empresa. El enfoque de la gestión del talento es destacar a aquellos que tienen un alto potencial en el puesto de trabajo, y en su conjunto de habilidades se requiere que tengan características resilientes que forman parte de los factores protectores que se desarrollan a través de la resiliencia, convirtiéndolos en una persona competente, capaz de tomar acción. Ante la adversidad profesional. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar los factores de resiliencia de los profesionales de las instituciones públicas en las instituciones públicas del estado de Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador, quienes aportaron información a este estudio. Metodología del proceso es un tipo de análisis descriptivo utilizando métodos cuantitativos, apoyado en métodos estadísticos, los resultados se analizan a través de técnicas de entrevista y la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES, herramienta que ha sido avalada científicamente por su superior. Fiabilidad. De esta manera, se evidencian los factores de resiliencia que poseen los profesionales del estado de Portoviejo al desarrollar un nivel medio alto de resiliencia en estos factores que constituyen los recursos internos y externos del individuo, concluyendo que estos factores hacen que sean capaces de actuar con eficacia, proyectar una imagen de seguridad profesional, dejar en claro que son capaces de enfrentar situaciones adversas, tomar una posición positiva en sus vidas y cambiar realidades sociales complejas.

Con el presente trabajo hemos pretendido realizar una reflexión acerca del estatus ontológico de la realidad virtual. El objetivo general de este artículo es conocer si la fórmula de Barry Smith sobre los términos E independientes es plausible para entender la institucionalidad y los hechos institucionales virtuales. Para ello, hemos partido de la ontología de la realidad social que nos ofrece John R. Searle, basada en la regla constitutiva X cuenta como Y en el contexto C, y explorado la propuesta de Smith acerca de aquellas instituciones que carecen del objeto físico (bruto) sobre el cual se impone el estatus Y, cuestionando, así, la relación entre los términos X e Y de la regla constitutiva searliana. Seguidamente, a través de la obra de Johnny Hartz Søraker y, sobre todo de Philip Brey, hemos examinado la forma de existencia de las entidades, los objetos y las acciones en los entornos virtuales. Las principales conclusiones son: i) que las acciones en los entornos virtuales tienen consecuencias físico-mentales e institucionales y que los hechos institucionales virtuales contraen los mismos efectos deónticos que los realizados en las instituciones del mundo real. ii) La fórmula términos Y independientes no es exhaustiva para comprender el complejo entramado digital y sus vastos productos, pero es un enfoque válido para explicar la constitución ontológica de la realidad virtual., With the present work, we have tried to reflect on the ontological status of virtual reality. The general objective of this article is to know if Barry Smith’s formula on freestanding Y terms is plausible to conceive virtual institutionalism and institutional facts. To do this, we have studied the ontology of social reality by John R. Searle, based on the constitutive rule X counts as Y in context C. After that, we explored Smith’s proposal about those institutions that lack the physical object (brute) on which the status Y is imposed, thus questioning the relationship between the terms X and Y of the Searlean constitutive rule. Subsequently, through the work of Johnny Hartz Søraker and Philip Brey, we have examined the form of existence of entities, objects, and actions in virtual environments. The main conclusions are i) actions in virtual environments have physical-mental and institutional consequences and that virtual institutional events contract the same deontic effects as those carried out in real-world institutions. ii) the free-standing Y terms formula is not exhaustive for understanding the complex digital network and its vast products, but it is a valid approach to explaining the ontological constitution of virtual reality.

Given the existence of inequality gaps in Latin America and a growing need for students in social issues, many institutions have seen the development of a pedagogical methodology based on service-learning as an effective alternative to these needs. This study aims to identify the impacts of service-learning programs on the training of university students. The methodology is composed of a bibliographic review of articles published on the impact of service-learning on university students. The analysis allows us to conclude that service-learning produces positive and significant impacts at the academic and cognitive, civic, vocational and professional, ethical and moral, personal and social levels, generating professionals with comprehensive training with greater skills and abilities for better job performance., Ante la existencia de brechas de desigualdad en Latinoamérica y una necesidad creciente de los estudiantes en temas sociales, muchas instituciones han visto por conveniente el desarrollo de una metodología pedagógica basada en el aprendizaje-servicio como una alternativa eficaz ante estas necesidades. El presente estudio pretende identificar los impactos de los programas de aprendizaje-servicio en la formación La investigación por su naturaleza fue de tipo cualitativo y está compuesta por una revisión bibliográfica de artículos publicados sobre el impacto del aprendizaje-servicio en estudiantes de nivel universitario. El análisis permite concluir que el aprendizaje-servicio produce impactos positivos y significativos a nivel académico y cognitivo, cívico, vocacional y profesional, ético y moral, personal y social generando profesionales con una formación integral con mayores competencias y habilidades para un mejor desenvolvimiento laboral.

Sweden has an almost three-century-long tradition of openness, whose principles are enshrined in the state’s fundamental laws. When the revolution of the Internet was in full bloom at the turn of the century, with new forms of mass communication innovating the media landscape, Sweden saw the opportunity to strengthen freedom of expression and information, as one of the main pillars of openness. The constitutional protection ensured by the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression was thus extended to encompass emerging online activities aimed at disseminating information and facilitating free speech. What was needed to acquire this protection was the voluntary issuance of a so called ‘publication certificate’.The accessibility of these certificates was exploited by many, including a new type of search service that extracts people’s data from public registers, compiles it, and publishes it online, available for everyone to access. The mission of this master’s thesis is to carry out an analysis of the shifting values of openness and privacy in Swedish society, by following the life cycle of the publication certificate and the attitudes towards its controversial use, as reflected in the rhetoric displayed in motions and debates of the Swedish Riksdag. The first hypothesis is that the pre eminence of openness in Swedish society becomes gradually shadowed by privacy and data protection concerns. The second one is that, on the background of augmenting discontent over ‘too much openness’, the process of Europeanisation in the area of protection and processing of personal data is also accelerated. Both hypothesises are tested by placing the principles of openness and privacy within Ricoeur’s concept of social imaginary, animated by ideology and utopia as opposing and coexisting forces. The theoretical framework is complemented by elements belonging to Berger and Luckmann’s social theory of knowledge, while the main methodological tool for approaching the sources is McGee’s I

Research on the urban linguistic landscape has spread around the world with different approaches and from different perspectives. In this paper a brief introduction on the development of linguistic landscape theory and its relationship with Sociolinguistics is presented. The study is located in a Chinese city under the context of the expansion of the coronavirus in order to observe the influence of social current affairs on the urban linguistic landscape. Through the synchronic and diachronic analysis of the signs about the pandemic, the new modalities that obtain the signs, the development and application of new technologies in society, and the measures taken by the Chinese government in the face of the health emergency are revealed. Based on these discoveries, we have reached the conclusion that the linguistic landscape is closely linked to the current social situation and can function as an indicator of it., La investigación sobre el paisaje lingüístico urbano se ha extendido por todo el mundo con distintos enfoques y desde diversas perspectivas. En el presente trabajo se expone una breve introducción sobre el desarrollo de la teoría del paisaje lingüístico y su relación con la Sociolingüística. El estudio se sitúa en una ciudad china bajo el contexto de la expansión del coronavirus para poder observar la influencia de las actualidades sociales en el paisaje lingüístico urbano. Mediante los análisis sincrónicos y diacrónicos de los signos acerca de la pandemia, se ponen de manifiesto las nuevas modalidades que obtienen, el desarrollo y aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías en la sociedad y las medidas tomadas por el gobierno chino frente a la emergencia sanitaria. Apoyada en estos descubrimientos, se llega la conclusión de que el paisaje lingüístico se vincula estrechamente a la situación social actual y puede funcionar como un indicador de ella.

The article aims to consider the relevant aspects of such a multifaceted phenomenon as efficiency in state activities and legal systems. In modern Russia, not only the effectiveness of laws, but also the effectiveness of state activities in implementing the rule of law, gains importance. To solve the tasks posed, they used the following methods: logical (description, classification), structural-system, formal-dogmatic and comparative. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that the effectiveness of legislation and the effectiveness of activities to implement the rule of law are inextricably linked to the social component, that is, to meet public needs and interests. It is concluded that the effectiveness of Russian legislation is related not only to the achievement of the objectives set by the legislator, the fulfillment of the legislative objectives and the results obtained, but also to the fulfillment of the laws with the needs of social development and public interests. Effective implementation of the rule of law also has a prominent social component. The abstract principles of the rule of law must be full of real social content., El artículo tiene como objetivo considerar los aspectos relevantes de un fenómeno tan multifacético como la eficiencia en las actividades estatales y los sistemas legales. En la Rusia moderna, gana importancia no solo la eficacia de las leyes, sino también la eficacia de las actividades estatales en la implementación del estado de derecho. Para resolver las tareas planteadas, se utilizaron los siguientes métodos: lógico (descripción, clasificación), sistema-estructural, formal-dogmático y comparativo. Como resultado del estudio, se ha revelado que la efectividad de la legislación y la efectividad de las actividades para implementar el estado de derecho están indisolublemente vinculadas con el componente social, es decir, satisfacer las necesidades e intereses públicos. Se concluye que, la efectividad de la legislación rusa está relacionada no solo con el logro de los objetivos establecidos por el legislador, el cumplimiento de los objetivos legislativos y los resultados obtenidos, sino también, con el cumplimiento de las leyes con las necesidades del desarrollo social y los intereses públicos. La implementación efectiva del estado de derecho también tiene un componente social destacado. Los principios abstractos del estado de derecho deben estar llenos de contenido social real.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the construction of Halal Policy reporting by the Government of Indonesia on halal certification obligations in the BBC.Com mass media. Methodology: The research method used is a qualitative method with the type of media framing method. The framing method used is based on Entman's theory. The subject of this research is the news in the online media BBC.Com on 18 October 2019 with the title Obligatory official halal certification applies, how the fate of SMEs? Main Findings: Researchers believe there is a construction also carried out by the online media BBC.Com. Because it looks the issue selection and highlighting issues on the theme of the issue of halal certification obligations for all food and beverage products. BBC.Com's coverage is unlike the majority of mass media coverage that includes the positive side of the Indonesian government's halal policy by requiring halal certificates for all food and beverage products. BBC.Com prefers to package reports of objections and rejections from small traders and the MSME Association regarding the halal certificate policy for all food and beverage products. Even with relying on the assessment or statement from the spokesperson of the Halal Product Guarantee Agency of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. This proves BBC.Com's online media has its own measurement of what is called news, what are the characteristics of good news, or what are the eligibility criteria for news.Applications of this study: The results of the study are beneficial for policy makers and the media industryNovelty/Originality of this study: Analysis of framing in this study regarding the field of halal industry which is rarely discussed in terms of communication, especially from analysis of media framing &nbsp

Dieser Beitrag untersucht mit Hilfe der Methode der rekonstruktiven Metaphernanalyse die Wirklichkeitskonstruktion von Verschwörungsgläubigen. Die weite Verbreitung von Verschwörungsmythen deutet darauf hin, dass diese umfassende gesellschaftliche Funktionen übernehmen und rein pathologisierende Beschreibungen von Verschwörungsgläubigen nicht ausreichend sind. Folglich scheint eine systematische Untersuchung der subjektiven Wahrnehmung der sozialen Wirklichkeit notwendig unter Berücksichtigung der Frage, welche Funktionen Verschwörungsmythen für Individuen und Kollektive erfüllen. Anhand eines Interviews und ausgewähltem Textmaterial von Verschwörungsgläubigen wird gezeigt, wie verschiedene Elemente eines Verschwörungsmythos sowie die Verhältnisse dieser Elemente zueinander metaphorisch konzeptualisiert werden. Die verwendeten Metaphern werden dazu nach Bildspendebereichen kategorisiert und die daraus resultierenden Konzepte analysiert. Die Konzeptualisierung von Verschwörungen beispielsweise als "Krieg", "Jagd" oder "Theaterstück" thematisieren potenziell lebensbedrohliche Konflikte, Autonomieverlust sowie Machtungleichheiten und offenbaren Gefühle von Ohnmacht und Angst.

Después de escuchar las historias de David y Laura, intento interpretar como nuestros niños y adolescentes perciben la realidad social que vivimos día a día en nuestro departamento y quizá en otras regiones del país. David creció con sus abuelos, luego de que sus padres se separaron. Tiene tan solo 14 años, su rutina preferida es salir a marchar en las jornadas de protesta, en el marco del paro nacional. Durante la entrevista, relata: “mi familia no quiere que salga tanto a la calle, pero yo me siento bien, hay peligro, pero tengo mi parche y entre todos nos cuidamos, en este país no hay futuro para nadie, ni estudio, ni trabajo, ni un salario que alcance, mi abuelo tiene una pensión que no alcanza, si uno se muere, al menos hizo algo importante, por eso no hay miedo” (1). Más tarde ingresa a la consulta Laura, ella tiene 9 años, relata que en las noches tiene pesadillas y no duerme bien, me pregunta ¿usted cree que los policías son malos?, mi papá es policía, me miraba como esperando un comentario. En ese momento empecé a analizar que sus certezas, así como las de tantos niños provienen de sus historias familiares, del quehacer pedagógico que interactúa con su pensamiento infantil, del barrio en el que habitan, si son campesinos, indígenas, estudian en colegios privados o públicos, son producto de sus interacciones y las relaciones de su cotidianidad.

Informational texts always contain one or more forms of adaptation. The source material is changed according to the standards of the target culture. Adaptation elements can be easily detected by comparing texts in different languages used to reflect a particular news event. The research material of our article is news reports published on the information platforms BBC Turkçe, BBC Russian and BBC World on February-March 2020. Although there are several definitions of the term «adaptation», we adhere to the opinion of scientists, who disclose it in a broad sense. In this approach, the term «adaptation» refers to methods for adapting the original text (as a fragment for displaying objective and social realities) to the socio-cultural conditions of the implicit audience. The message addresser is a participant in this communication process, therefore he should determine the readiness of the implicit reader to accept/ understand/ interpret information. News adapted version is created basing on the perception capabilities. In the comparison of information texts, we also referred to the term «information cores», which means a single information unit of the incident, disclosed within the framework of the main topic., Los textos informativos siempre contienen una o más formas de adaptación. El material de origen se cambia de acuerdo con los estándares de la cultura de destino. Los elementos de adaptación se pueden detectar fácilmente comparando textos en diferentes idiomas utilizados para reflejar un evento de noticias en particular. El material de investigación de nuestro artículo son informes de noticias publicados en las plataformas de información BBC Turkçe, BBC Russian y BBC World en febrero-marzo de 2020. Aunque existen varias definiciones del término «adaptación», nos adherimos a la opinión de los científicos, que revelan en un sentido amplio. En este enfoque, el término «adaptación» se refiere a métodos para adaptar el texto original (como un fragmento para mostrar realidades objetivas y sociales) a las condiciones socioculturales de la audiencia implícita. El destinatario del mensaje es un participante en este proceso de comunicación, por lo tanto, debe determinar la disposición del lector implícito para aceptar / comprender / interpretar información. Se crea una versión adaptada a las noticias en base a las capacidades de percepción. En la comparación de textos de información, también nos referimos al término «núcleos de información», que significa una unidad de información única del incidente, divulgada en el marco del tema principal.

The article seeks to provide an approach to the importance of characterizing the comprehensive profiles of the student body in the university environment. This, as a resource that allows the making of contextualized academic and administrative decisions, seeking greater student well-being and a more equitable and inclusive public university. The work is part of the reflections obtained from a research project, so the antecedents are exposed as starting points and the theoretical approach in order to guide the discussion., El artículo busca brindar un acercamiento a la importancia de la caracterización de los perfiles integrales del estudiantado en el ámbito universitario. Ello, como un recurso que permita la toma de las decisiones académicas y administrativas contextualizadas para procurar un mayor bienestar estudiantil y una universidad pública más equitativa e inclusiva. El trabajo es parte de las reflexiones obtenidas de un proyecto de investigación, por lo que se exponen los antecedentes como puntos de partida y la aproximación teórica con el fin de orientar la discusión.

This paper addresses issues concerning the articulating axis represented by outreach activities that assume the fine unit existing in the structural tripod of higher education. Furthermore, within the discussion developed throughout the text, the outreach dimension is based on the potential that embodies the construction of bridges or mediations with social reality. Based on a critical theoretical perspective, the development of the problematization aimed to present discussions that unravel the relationship between outreach activities with the universe of problems and needs that everyday social life poses to the university and demands responses from it. In this sense, the reflections raised touch the importance of extension actions for the Social Work course and present considerations on the outreach action "Cycle of Debates - particularities of social policy in Brazil: struggles, advances and deviations in the implementation of social protection”, carried out by the Department of Social Services of the Federal University of Sergipe., Neste artigo, estão problematizações que concernem ao eixo articulador cuja extensão assume para a fina unidade existente no tripé estrutural da formação superior. Além disso, entre as questões levantadas ao longo do texto, a dimensão da extensão é situada a partir da potencialidade que consubstancia na construção de pontes ou mediações com a realidade social. Fundamentada em uma perspectiva teórica crítica, o desenrolar das problematizações objetivou apresentar discussões que desanuviam a relação das atividades extensionistas com o universo de problemáticas e necessidades que o cotidiano da vida social coloca para universidade e exige dela respostas. Nesse sentido, as discussões levantadas tangenciam a importância das ações de extensão para o curso de Serviço Social e apresentam considerações sobre a ação de extensão “Ciclo de Debates – particularidades da política social no Brasil: lutas, avanços e descaminhos na efetivação da proteção social”, realizada pelo Departamento de Serviço Social da Universidade Federal de Sergip

The work is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of virtual racism based on the results of monitoring and research of thematic resources. From the point of view of the theory of social constructionism, the features of communication, transformation of the presented meanings and images, interpretation and ways of representing the social stock of knowledge are considered., Работа посвящена анализу феномена виртуального расизма по результатам мониторинга и исследования тематических ресурсов. С позиции теории социального конструкционизма рассмотрены особенности коммуникации и трансформации презентуемых смыслов и образов, интерпретация и способы репрезентации социального запаса знания.

This article will expose the loss of naivety or evidence (Maya, 2006) in Pablo Montoya’s novel Triptych of Infamy. The evidence is a notion that attempt to demonstrate that both the writer and the painter-characters, whose visual works favor the unfolding of the novel plot, are community beings and mediating artists, who take the content of their creations with a critical perspective from a social reality, taking distance from it without imitating it, but refracting it. This process leaves on record that the paintings and the novel are stripped of ingenuity., Este artículo expondrá la pérdida de la ingenuidad o evidencia (Maya, 2006) en la novela Tríptico de la infamia, de Pablo Montoya. La evidencia es una noción que permite demostrar que tanto el escritor como los pintores-personajes, cuyas obras visuales favorecen el despliegue de la trama novelar, son seres comunitarios y artistas mediadores, que toman el contenido de sus creaciones con perspectiva crítica a partir de una realidad social, tomando distancia de ella sin imitarla, sino refractándola. Este proceso deja en constancia que las pinturas y la novela están despojadas de la ingenuidad.

Wie ist stabile Ordnung möglich? Auf diese Kernfrage der Politikwissenschaft gibt der Band neue Antworten. Das Spektrum der Beiträge erstreckt sich von der Entfaltung der Theorie sozialer Wirklichkeitskonstruktion über diskursanalytische Detailstudien zu den politischen Ordnungen Ost-, Westdeutschlands und Europas, die zeigen, wie Rekurse auf Transzendenz der Hervorbringung und Stabilisierung politischer Ordnung dienen, bis hin zu fallbezogenen Verbindungen von Theorie und Empirie, die das Scheitern ("Afghanistan'"), das Gelingen ("Heimat") sowie die natürlichen Fundamente ("Soziobiologie") sozialer Ordnungskonstruktion in den Blick nehmen.

Gewalt an Schulen wird regelmäßig skandalisiert und erscheint oftmals als Symptom einer allgemeinen Verrohung von Gesellschaft. Demgegenüber haben viele Historiker/innen gerade die Schule in das Zentrum einer Zivilisierungsgeschichte der westdeutschen Gesellschaft seit 1945 gestellt. Der Beitrag nimmt diesen Deutungswiderspruch zum Ausgangspunkt einer Analyse schulischer Gewalt zwischen den frühen 1970er-Jahren und der Jahrtausendwende. Vorgeschlagen wird eine neue Lesart, die den Gegensatz der konkurrierenden Thesen von Gewaltzunahme und Gewaltabnahme aufhebt und stattdessen die sich wandelnden Vorstellungen dessen untersucht, was »Gewalt« eigentlich sei und wie sie überwunden werden könne. Seit den 1970er-Jahren mehrten sich die Arten von Gewalt, die mit Schule in Verbindung gebracht wurden. Eine Sensibilisierung gegenüber sehr unterschiedlichen Gewaltphänomenen war verbunden mit neuen Ansprüchen an Schule und schulische Kommunikation – Erwartungen, die von Lehrer/innen und Eltern als Fortschritt erfahren werden konnten, aber auch als Zumutung und Überforderung., In public discourse, school violence is often sensationalised and associated with a worrisome brutalisation of society. Many historians, on the other hand, see schools as the locus of the general civilisation of West German society after National Socialism. Taking these contradicting views as a starting point, the article examines school violence between the early 1970s and the turn of the century. It proposes going beyond the competing theses of brutalisation and civilisation and taking a more in-depth look at the changing conceptions of what ›violence‹ actually is and how it can be overcome. Since the 1970s, the forms of violence associated with schools have multiplied. The discovery of ever more varied shapes and shades of violence was intimately linked to new ideas and programmes seeking to abolish violence in the schools and classrooms. At the same time, however, these new initiatives drastically increased the demands on schools and educators. Some teachers and parents experienced the new demands positively, as part of a quest for a new democratic form of schooling, but many of them also felt increasingly steamrolled and overwhelmed by the task of freeing education from violence.

U ovom članku odnos masovnih medija i društvenih sukoba tematizuje se na način procenjivanja kako jedan određeni medij obrađuje aktuelne tenzije, ali i kako svojom obradom utiče na njih. Reč je o vizuelnom mediju, o televiziji i filmu, ali ne u njihovom „novinarskomˮ aspektu, već o žanru koji se i u tom mediju ostvario i tek tu stekao popularnost: o naučnoj fantastici. Na primeru serija i filmova „franšizeˮ Zvezdanih staza, prikazuje se „dijalektikaˮ uticaja konfliktne društvene zbilje na njene „fantastičneˮ (pre)adaptacije i, obrnuto, povratnog uticaja zamisli drugačijeg sveta na ovaj iz koga se zamišlja., In this article, the relationship between media and social conflicts is tematized in the following way: the authors estimate how one particular medium deals with current tensions, but also how its treatment affects them. It is about a visual medium, about television and film, but not in their ˮjournalisticˮ aspect, but about the genre that realized itself and gained popularity in this medium: science fiction. Exemplifying series and films of the “Star Trekˮ franchise, the authors display the “dialecticsˮ of the impact of a conflicting social reality on its “fantasticˮ (re)adaptations and, conversely, the reverse influence of the conception of the other world on the one it is imagined from. Primarily, the authors discuss the relationship between science fiction visions of the future and the policy pursued at the time of its creation. After presenting the interpretations that praise the critical and emancipatory potential of the product of mass culture, special attention is paid to the opposite ones that discover camouflaged affirmation or justification of the foreign policy of the United States of America it. In conclusion, the authors argue for a well-measured interpretation according to which “Star Trek“ represented benevolent moral corrective to policies of the U. S. administration, whose scope and effect nevertheless remained limited and determined by the context in which it originated.

The genre of videopoetry originated at the end of the 1960s, but for several years, various audiovisual artists and designers have shown renewed interest in it, both in international and national contexts. Each videopoem is unique, and invites you to make more than one reading about it. However, it also has its own internal rules: the juxtaposition of poetic images, the use of the text in the audiovisual space / time and the audiovisual experience that it is proposed to build. Within this genre, different forms of expression are highlighted, which appeal to specific models of representation. This article will describe those works of the genre that involve a reflexive way to account for social reality. This typology of videopoems, which we will call here video-politics, adopts a situated view and finds a poetic mode of representation, recording and documentation of reality that invites reflection on the world represented there. These pieces of audiovisual design are a particular contribution to the collective memory of our contemporary society, O gênero da videopoesia teve origem no final da década de 1960, mas há vários anos vários artistas e designers de audiovisual demonstram interesse renovado por ela, tanto em contextos internacionais quanto nacionais. Cada videopoema é único e convida você a fazer mais de uma leitura sobre isso. No entanto, também possui regras internas próprias: a justaposição de imagens poéticas, o uso do texto no espaço / tempo audiovisual e a experiência audiovisual que se propõe a construir. Dentro deste gênero, diferentes for-mas de expressão são destacadas, que apelam para modelos específicos de representação. Este artigo descreverá as obras do gênero que envolvem um modo reflexivo de explicar a realidade social. Essa tipologia de videopoemas, que chamaremos aqui de video-política, adota uma visão situada e encontra um modo poético de representação, registro e docu-mentação da realidade que convida à reflexão sobre o mundo ali representado. Essas peças de design audiovisual são uma contribuição especial para a memória coletiva de nossa sociedade contemporânea., El género de la videopoesía tiene su origen a finales de la década del sesenta, pero, desde hace unos años, diversos artistas y diseñadores audiovisuales han demostrado un renovado interés sobre el mismo, tanto en ámbitos internacionales como nacionales. Cada videopoema es único, e invita a hacer más de una lectura sobre él. Sin embargo, también tiene sus propias reglas internas: la yuxtaposición de imágenes poéticas, el uso del texto en el espacio/tiempo audiovisual y la experiencia audiovisual que se propone construir. Dentro de este género, se destacan distintas formas de expresión las cuales apelan a modelos de representación específicos. Este artículo describirá aquellas obras del género que implican un modo reflexivo para dar cuenta de la realidad social. Esta tipología de videopoemas, a la que aquí denominaremos video-políticas, adopta una mirada situada y encuentra un modo poético de representación, registro y documentación de la realidad que invita a la reflexión sobre el mundo allí representado. Estas piezas de diseño audiovisual son un aporte particular a la memoria colectiva de nuestra sociedad contemporánea.

Mathematics has well modeled physical systems because it does not provide unique models of phenomena. In this article, we described four types of mathematical models with great impact on the description of the physical world. While in the hard sciences these models are simple tools to explain the physical world, when applied to social reality, they lose their precise contours and become modes of understanding reality. The aim of this study is to construct a typology for legal problems from these most significant mathematical models. The analysis was carried out from judicial decisions made various courts in order to correlate them with the theories mentioned in this essay. To sum up, we described some aspects of the legal world by comparing them with existing mathematical models. Obviously, the complexity of law does not exhaust after reducing it to four modes of analysis., A matemática tem modelado bem os sistemas físicos apenas por não apresentar modelos únicos dos fenômenos. Aqui descrevemos quatro tipos de modelos matemáticos com grande impacto na descrição do mundo físico. Enquanto nas ciências duras estes modelos são simples instrumentos para explicar o mundo físico, quando aplicados para a realidade social perdem seus contornos precisos e transformam-se em modos de compreensão da realidade. O objetivo deste estudo é construir uma tipologia de problemas jurídicos a partir destes modelos matemáticos de maior destaque. A análise foi feita a partir de julgados extraídos de tribunais diversos a fim de correlacioná-los com as teorias suscitadas neste ensaio. Em síntese, descreve-se alguns aspectos do mundo jurídico por comparação com modelos matemáticos existentes. Por óbvio não se esgota a complexidade do direito pela redução a quatro modos de enxergá-lo.

The question of the relationship between the poet and the crowd is one of the possible perspec­tives of the study of literary sociology. In romanticism and modernism, which can be regarded as phenom­ena of one aesthetic "root", the relationship of the poet and his non-poetic environment acquires an anti­thetical character. The avant-garde world attitude, at the first approach, implies the complete exclusion of the poet from the sphere of social relations. However, in fact, there is a relationship between aesthetics and pragmatics in the avant-garde concepts. The life area becomes the basis of life-creating experiments. The objective of this study is to identify the most significant perspectives of the relationship between the poet and society in futurism, imagism, expressionism., В статье рассматривается взаимоотношения поэта и социума в футуризме, имажинизме и экспрессионизме.

Se guardiamo la realtà con gli occhi delle scienze naturali, l’universo ci appare costituito esclusivamente di particelle fisiche che interagiscono tra loro entro campi di forza. Ma come possono trovare posto in questa descrizione della realtà cose come le menti, la coscienza, il linguaggio, il denaro, gli Stati? In che rapporto stanno questi elementi della realtà umana con la realtà di base delle particelle elementari? Se la realtà umana si origina nella coscienza, può la coscienza stessa essere descritta come un fenomeno biologico al pari della fotosintesi? Sono queste le domande fondamentali della filosofia contemporanea alle quali John Searle risponde in questo volume. L'autore rivisita i principali risultati delle proprie ricerche e delinea, in un serrato dialogo critico con le più recenti teorie della mente, un’originale concezione unificata della realtà che si pone come alternativa tanto al dualismo cartesiano quanto al materialismo scientifico. Ne risulta il quadro d'insieme a oggi forse più completo del suo sistema filosofico.

This article uses the concept of autofiction, created by Serge Dubrovsky in the seventies, for interpreting the political implications of the performance Zonas de dolor I, by Diamela Eltit. The author participation in these performances, and the subsequent record and edition of these images in video, reveal a clear intentionality of reflecting her political thinking throughthese aesthetic actions, two dimensions of the art that are inseparable according to the ideas of Jacques Rancière. In these proposals, the body is used as battlefield, and in this sense has to be understood the fact of the self-harm. It will be analyzed the use of the body as political weapon, and putting it in relation with the works The Lips of Thomas, by Marina Abramović,and Anfaegtelse, by Angélica Liddell. In these plays, the blood emanating from the wounds of the body is constituted as a central aesthetic element. This Eltit artistic mechanism will beanalyzed, for letting us to know how it is used for raising awareness and revealing us other dimension of the marginality, whether it is the case of homeless people or brothels., El presente artículo emplea el concepto de autoficción, creado por Serge Dubrovsky en los años setenta, para interpretar las implicaciones políticas que se derivan de la puesta en acción de la performancede Diamela Eltit Zonas de dolor I. La participación de la autora en estas performances, y su registro y edición posterior en formato video, ponen de manifiesto una clara intencionalidad de plasmar su pensamiento político a través de la acción estética, inseparables estos entre sí desde la perspectiva de Jacques Rancière. En estas propuestas el cuerpo es usado como campo de batalla, y así hay que entender el hecho de que se inflija heridas. A través del análisis del uso del cuerpo como arma política, y usando las obras The Lips of Thomas, de Marina Abramović, y Anfaegtelse, de Angélica Liddell, donde la sangre emanada de los cortes en el cuerpo se constituye también en un elemento estético central, se analizará el dispositivo empleado por Eltit para soliviantar las conciencias y revelarnos otra dimensionalidad en torno a la marginalidad, ya se trate esta de vagabundos o de burdeles.

Several ways the American subject has assumed to communicate its social reality and not only to say it but also to modify it revolutionarily and in this sense the Latin American Philosophy has played a significant role in this effort, since it has served to interpret our reality starting from our context and beyond to consciously assume our transformative social practice. José Carlos Mariátegui and his masterpiece Seven Essays of Peruvian reality are part of this heritage enjoyed by the American people. In this article we will return to the principles assumed from Marxism by Mariátegui to understand reality by assuming it as subjects of it, and from his position as an essayist to communicate with passion the contradictions and needs of reality not only Peruvian but also Latin American of the past but in union with the present and the future in formation., Varias maneras ha asumido el sujeto americano para comunicar su realidad social y no solo para decirla sino también para modificarla revolucionariamente y en este sentido la Filosofía Latinoamericana ha desempeñado un papel significativo en este empeño, pues ha servido para interpretar nuestra realidad partiendo de nuestro contexto y más allá para asumir conscientemente nuestra practica social transformadora. José Carlos Mariátegui y su obra cumbre Siete Ensayos de la realidad Peruana forman parte de esta herencia que disfruta el pueblo americano. En este artículo retomaremos los principios asumidos desde el marxismo por Mariátegui para entender la realidad asumiéndola como sujetos de ella, y desde su posición de ensayista comunicar con pasión las contradicciones y necesidades de la realidad no solo peruana sino también Latinoamericana del pasado pero en unión con el presente y el futuro en formación.

The author of the article considers the formation of a virtual social space. The intensive development of information and communication technologies led to the transition of social activity to a new space — the global Internet. The article also describes the fourth Internet environment, each of which shows elements of social integration. Consolidation of society in the Internet space is point-based in connection with the scale, informality, instability of the latter. The problem of creating more effective tools for the consolidation of society in the Internet space is accompanied by difficulties in the study of social virtual relationships, the identification of destructive virtual communities., Автор статьи рассматривает формирование виртуального социального пространства. Интенсивное развитие информационно-коммуникационных технологий привело к переходу социальной активности в новое пространство — глобальную сеть Интернет. В статье также описываются четыре интернет-среды, в каждой из которых проявляются элементы социальной интеграции. Консолидация общества в интрернет-пространстве носит точечный характер в связи с масштабностью, неформальностью, нестабильностью последнего. Проблема создания более эффективных инстурментов консолидации общества в интрнет-пространстве сопровождается трудностями изучения социальных виртуальных взаимоотношений, выявления деструктивных виртуальных сообществ.

The aim of this study has been to contribute to the knowledge about food and eating as a social phenomenon, by examining how individuals who diverge from the food norm construct their social reality. This qualitative study were carried out in Umeå 2017. Individuals who identified as vegans and ate an strict vegan diet were interviewed on the base of a semi structured interview guide. Since the theoretical framework on which the study lies is Kathy Charmaz´s social constructionism, the object of the study is not the vegans themself, but the social situations where they encounter food normativity. The results showed that three different processes were in motion when the deviants navigated through the landscape of food normativity; att konfrontera eller inte konfrontera (to confront or not to confront), tidens inverkan på mängden upplevda konflikter (effect of time on the degree of experienced conflicts) and normföljarnas känslor och dess konsekvenser för normavvikarna (the normfollowers feelings and their consequenses for the deviants). The study showed that the effects of social food norms hade a great impact on the deviants social reality.

Chronicles are literary journalistic reconstructions of events or characters. Their essential feature is that that they build up a text in which the use of narrative strategies gains relevance over information transmission issues. The Colombian armed conflict is analyzed in this context, and in the light of this genre. Throughout this armed process there have been cases and paradigmatic figures who have grabbed the world´s media attention. In this text we will refer to two of them: Pablo Escobar, a former mafia boss, and Íngrid Betancourt, a presidential candidate kidnapped in 2002. In order to narrate this type of stories we have resorted to texts by chroniclers Juan José Hoyos and Felipe Restrepo Pombo. In them the authors have made their mark on the stories to demystify these two characters and make sense of such a dissimilar and complex reality as that posed by the Colombian conflict., La crónica ofrece una reconstrucción periodístico-literaria de hechos o personajes. Su característica esencial es edificar un texto en que el empleo de procedimientos narrativos sea más relevante que las urgencias informativas. En este contexto, y bajo el prisma de este género, se analiza el conflicto armado colombiano. A lo largo de este proceso han existido casos y figuras paradigmáticas que acapararon la atención mediática en el mundo. En el presente texto nos referiremos a dos de ellas: Pablo Escobar, el ex capo de la mafia, e Íngrid Betancourt, secuestrada en el 2002 cuando era candidata presidencial. Para narrar este tipo de historias acudimos a los textos de los cronistas Juan José Hoyos y Felipe Restrepo Pombo. En ellos los autores se permiten dejar su huella en las historias para desmitificar a estos dos personajes y dotar de sentido una realidad tan disímil y compleja como el conflicto colombiano.

From the oversexualized characters in fighting games, such as Dead or Alive or Ninja Gaiden, to the overuse of the damsel in distress trope in popular titles, such as the Super Mario series, the under- and misrepresentation of females in video games has been well documented in several content analyses. Cultivation theory suggests that long-term exposure to media content can affect perceptions of social realities in a way that they become more similar to the representations in the media and, in turn, impact one's beliefs and attitudes. Previous studies on video games and cultivation have often been cross-sectional or experimental, and the limited longitudinal work in this area has only considered time intervals of up to 1 month. Additionally, previous work in this area has focused on the effects of violent content and relied on self-selected or convenience samples composed mostly of adolescents or college students. Enlisting a 3 year longitudinal design, the present study assessed the relationship between video game use and sexist attitudes, using data from a representative sample of German players aged 14 and older (N=824). Controlling for age and education, it was found that sexist attitudes—measured with a brief scale assessing beliefs about gender roles in society—were not related to the amount of daily video game use or preference for specific genres for both female and male players. Implications for research on sexism in video games and cultivation effects of video games in general are discussed.

Мифотворчество было ключевой линией в истории и культуре XX в. Политические и идеологические мифы создавали образы альтернативной социальной реальности в России в 1917 г. Эти образы были привлекательны для народных масс., Mythogenesis was crucial for history and culture of the twentieth century. Political and ideological myths created images of alternative social reality in Russia in 1917, which proved to be attractive for the broad public.

Innumeracy among survey respondents in estimating a country’s immigrant population is a well-known problem for the social sciences. In general, individuals have been found to overestimate the immigrant population at the country level. Furthermore, individuals were found to be especially prone towards overestimating the number if they already were prejudiced against immigrants. If these findings generalize to lower levels of inquiry such as neighborhoods, then research using subjective assessments of immigrant populations in these contexts might be biased as well. By distributing a questionnaire among 142 small and mid-sized companies in the city Gothenburg, Sweden, respondent’s subjective assessments of the immigrant population in their neighborhoods was compared to register data of those neighborhoods. Hence, although the sample was only representative of the working population in small and middle-sized companies in a metropolitan area thus excluding unemployed, retirees, nonworking students, and the rural population of Sweden, the results demonstrated that subjective assessments could correlate well with objective assessments. Overall, the results indicated that the disparity between subjective and objective assessments was lower than what could be expected from previous research findings at the country-level.

Praxistheoretische Forschungsperspektiven erlangen für raumbezogene Fragestellungen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Hierzu gehören etwa Forschungsansätze, die Praktiken alltäglicher Raumproduktionen thematisieren. Die Erhebung der Hervorbringung von Räumen stellt die ForscherInnen vor die Herausforderung, zumeist unbewusst erfolgende Prozesse der Genese sozialer Wirklichkeit empirisch zugänglich zu machen. Hier bedarf es einer Erweiterung des Repertoires qualitativer Methoden um Erhebungsverfahren, mit denen implizit vollzogene Sinndeutungen aufgeschlüsselt werden. Der Beitrag diskutiert am Beispiel der Erhebung alltäglicher Raumproduktionen, inwiefern sich Walking Interviews für die Bearbeitung raumbezogener Fragestellungen aus einer praxistheoretischen Perspektive eignen. In Walking Interviews begleiten ForscherInnen die TeilnehmerInnen im gemeinsamen Gehen, während die TeilnehmerInnen ihre Perspektive auf das unmittelbar Erfahrene darlegen. Dabei eröffnen Walking Interviews einen unmittelbaren Zugang zu der Konstitution des Räumlichen in Relation zu verorteten Entitäten. Praktiken werden im raum-zeitlichen Kontext ihres Vollzugs thematisiert und so detailliert nachvollzogen. Auch lassen sich Erfahrensweisen von Dingen und Geschehnissen in situ als konstitutiv für die Hervorbringung von Räumen aufarbeiten. Zugleich stoßen Walking Interviews eine bewusste Auseinandersetzung mit der Umwelt an, in der Erfahrensweisen von Räumen reproduziert werden. Damit werden etwa Erinnerungen, Assoziationen sowie affektive und emotionale Verknüpfungen in Bezug auf Räume empirisch zugänglich. Daneben zeigt sich jedoch der Bedarf einer weiterreichenden methodologischen Einbettung der Anwendung von Walking Interviews zur Erschließung impliziter Sinnzuweisungen., Methodological discussions in spatial science increasingly refer to practice theory as research perspective. Investigations face the challenge to ascertain non-reflected or implicit meanings that are ascribed to the spatial environment. This is especially the case in exploring the everyday production of space. To understand the process of making sense of the spatial environment new research methods are needed. The article discusses how walking interviews open a wider perspective on spatial practice and the implicit reproduction of space. Walking interviews enable research to address practices in the concrete spatial context of its performance. During a walking interview the researcher accompanies people walking in a certain environment, while people outline their perspective on space. In consequence spatial relations are becoming visible. At the same time the process of making sense of the environment can be reflected in the performance of practice in situ. Being in a certain spatial setting people are more easily able to reflect their own experience. They can formulate their thoughts, memories and meanings ascribed to a certain place more detailed while they experience this place at the same time. Despite these benefits the adaption of walking interviews for revealing implicit meanings needs to be more embedded in a comprising methodological framework.

"Der folgende Beitrag diskutiert aus der Perspektive der Automatismenforschung die Möglichkeiten, Utopien in die Realität umzusetzen. Diese Frage wird exemplarisch anhand urbaner Gemeinschaftsgärten behandelt, welche in diesem Beitrag zunächst als Heterotopien im Sinne Michel Foucaults ausgewiesen werden. Die hinzugezogenen Fallstudien zeigen, dass eine auf Planung und Steuerung basierende Realisierung von Utopien immer wieder an ihre Grenzen stößt, da unbewusste Muster und Schemata nicht-intendierte und nicht-antizipierte Effekte aufweisen, die eine praktische Umsetzung der Utopie unterminieren. Diese unbewussten Mechanismen werden insbesondere aus der Perspektive der Automatismenforschung sicht- und nachvollziehbar gemacht." (Autorenreferat)

Der Beitrag analysiert die Strukturen der Inhaltsdistribution im Microblogging-System Twitter. Den Ausgangspunkt hierfür bildet eine Fokussierung der Medienforschung auf Produktion und Rezeption von „User Generated Content“ im Social Web, die ebenso wie die Annahme einer „freien“ Wahl von Themen- und Informationsquellen im Web hinterfragt werden soll. Die zentrale These lautet hierbei, dass nicht nur Nutzerinnen und Nutzer über die Verteilung der Inhalte bestimmen, sondern in hohem Maße auch Algorithmen. Im Konzept der selektiven Distribution werden die typischen Distributionsmodi sowie deren Erzeugungsmechanismen herausgearbeitet und dargestellt. Die medienethische Verantwortung für die Verteilung der nutzergenerierten Inhalte liegt (auch) bei den Medienunternehmen, die die Macht über algorithmische Distributionsstrukturen haben. Die Unternehmen geraten dadurch, wie abschließend argumentiert wird, in einen Konflikt zwischen wirtschaftlichen Interessen und gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung. Aus der Analyse ergeben sich Forderungen nach mehr Transparenz der algorithmischen Distributionsprinzipien sowie mehr Kontrollmöglichkeiten für die User.

Окреслено проблемно-тематичне поле, в межах якого можлива постсучаснатеоретизація відчуження. Об’єктом дослідження постає постсучасний дискурссоціальної реальності, а предметом – її перетворення на механізм подолання відчуження. Доводиться теза про те, що відчуження здебільшого залежить від життєвих настанов., Postmodern discourse of social reality actualizes study its transformation into amechanism of overcoming estrangement. The purpose of the article – to outline the problemthematic field within which postmodern theorizing of estrangement is possible. Metatheoretical perspective of the research is provided by complementary use of such common for modern socio-humanitarian cognition methods as phenomenological, hermeneutic and discourse analysis. The results showed that the formation and development of post-industrial society, has led to a dramatic transformation of traditional social base, forms and methods of human social life and the mechanisms of their socialization. These drastic changes have duplex effects on sociality as well. On the one hand, the growth of individualization measure in the process of civilizational development under current conditions leads to expansion of pathogenic, as for sociality, forms of individualism, aggressively deviant and extremely egocentrical forms of which by growing and getting legitimated the background of deformation and downturn of traditional social being forms – family, society, ethnos, nation etc. – are a danger to desocialization of an individual. On the other hand, more widespread institutionalization of sociality, sophistication of social practices and their dynamic growth, emergence and expansion of new means and forms of communication, as well as human mind control, become a danger to dehumanization of sociality: estrangement from a human real forms of social living and degradation of the subjectness of a human, accrescency ofpower by social powers – political, economic, spiritual. In such a situation theoretic and social discourse history can address as a particular project on sociality building, as discourse innovation due to its metaphorical potential emerges into reality. On the background of the diagnose «the subject’s death», which has currently become one of the most widespread ones to social and humanitarian perc, Статья посвящена выявлению проблемно-тематического поля, в рамках которого возможна постсовременная теоретизация отчуждения. Объектом исследования выступает постсовременный дискурс социальной реальности, а предметом – ее превращение в механизм преодоления отчуждения. Философское осмысление отчуждения и его причин в отечественной традиции основывается в основном на марксистской концепции, которая видит стержень проблемы в неразвитости производительных сил. Обосновывается тезис о том, что отчуждение в большей степени зависит не от объективных условий, а от жизненных установок. Отчуждение является следствием господства преобразовательного, трансформативного миропонимания, свойственного евроатлантической цивилизации. Это мировоззрение основано на оппозициях, а оппозиция предполагает расчленение мира, противопоставление и, в конце концов, отчуждение.

The objective of this text is to invite readers to explore a horizon of works that posit -with great versatility- a critique of scholarly disciplines accompanied by an initiative to reconcile anthropology and history through theoretical discussions, interpretative debates or epistemological positions. Also, it presents a broad review of a complex corpus of writings that are highly-relevant to anthropological and historical studies today., Resumen: Este texto tiene el propósito de invitar al lector a adentrarse en un horizonte de obras que plantean -con gran versatilidad- la crítica disciplinaria y la reconciliación entre la antropología y la historia, ya sea a través de discusiones teóricas, debates interpretativos o planteamientos epistemológicos. Asimismo, es una revisión panorámica de una obra compleja y de mucha vigencia para los estudios antropológicos e históricos de hoy en día.

The following text argues that in the theory of construction and maintenance of social reality proposed by the social philosopher John Searle, the power of images to bond individuals in society is left aside. Searle builds a systematic explanation of human social ontology where he combines relevant and enlightening aspects such as the way in which the mind sets people to perform collective actions, the capacity of human beings to imbue power to things or individuals - sometimes as unavoidable as natural forces-, and the way in which language creates non-physical realities: the social reality. However, although Searle’s theory is fruitful and influential, it leaves aside the creation of collective images, an aspect that is going to be shown in this work as essential for the construction of social reality. Thus, the power of images, designed and massively increased by mass media, is as important as the mental and linguistic mechanisms described by John Searle in the construction and maintenance of a social reality., El siguiente trabajo argumenta que en la teoría que propone el filósofo de la sociedad John Searle para explicar la construcción y el sostenimiento de la realidad social, se deja de lado el poder que tienen las imágenes para la cohesión de los individuos en sociedad. Searle construye una sistemática explicación de la ontología social humana, en la que conjuga aspectos tan relevantes e iluminadores como la forma en que la mente dispone a las personas a actuar colectivamente, la capacidad que tienen los humanos de otorgarle a cosas o individuos poderes, algunas veces tan ineludibles como las fuerzas naturales, y la manera en que el lenguaje crea realidades no físicas: la realidad social. No obstante, y a pesar de lo fecunda e influyente, la teoría de Searle descuida un aspecto que en este trabajo se muestra como fundamental para la construcción de la realidad social: el establecimiento de imágenes colectivas. Así, en la construcción y el sostenimiento de la realidad social, el poder de las imágenes diseñadas y masificadas por los medios de comunicación es tan importante como los mecanismos metales y lingüísticos que describe John Searle.

This article is based on interdisciplinarity in order to contribute to the understanding of this category. We assume that reality is dynamic, and the subjects who write/draw the circuits of history are influenced by a set of social relations in which they live. Therefore, the theoretical discussions become necessary because they seek to break with the traditional way of knowledge and schools. So, working towards an interdisciplinarity proposal of a school can provide training for human emancipation, in which inserted subjects have the task of making new ways of organizing space considering the social totality. Based on the qualitative nature literature, we will discuss the evolution of science by seeking to present the facts that made possible paradigm changes. We will also discuss about interdisciplinarity as a way to understand phenomena from the perspective of totality and we will conclude by comprehending the interdisciplinary process in pedagogical practice. It was found that interdisciplinarity is a need arising from the evolution of science and social reality that is at the same time one and diverse.Interdisciplinary; Totality; Historicity; Social Reality; Pedagogical Practice, http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2017v14n1p1Este artigo faz reflexões sobre a interdisciplinaridade no intuito de contribuir na compreensão de tal categoria. Partimos do pressuposto de que a realidade é dinâmica, sendo os sujeitos que escrevem/desenham os circuitos da história, influenciados pelo conjunto de relações sociais em que estão inseridos. Por isso, as discussões teóricas tornam-se necessárias, pois buscam romper com a forma tradicional do conhecimento e de escola. Assim, trabalhar na perspectiva da interdisciplinaridade na proposta de uma escola pode propiciar uma formação para emancipação humana, na qual os sujeitos inseridos têm a tarefa de tornar realidade novas formas de organizar o espaço considerando a totalidade social. Baseada na pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho qualitativa, discorreremos sobre a evolução da ciência buscando apresentar os fatos que possibilitaram as mudanças de paradigmas. Apresentamos, também, discussões sobre a interdisciplinaridade como um caminho para compreensão dos fenômenos na perspectiva da totalidade e finalizamos compreendendo o processo interdisciplinar na prática pedagógica. Verificou-se que a interdisciplinaridade é uma necessidade decorrente da própria evolução da ciência e da realidade social que é, ao mesmo tempo, una e diversa., Este artículo trae reflexiones sobre la interdisciplinaridad con el fin de contribuir a la comprensión de esta categoría. Suponemos que la realidad es dinámica, y los sujetos que escriben / dibujan los circuitos de la historia, se ven influenciados por el conjunto de las relaciones sociales en las que viven. Por eso, las discusiones teóricas se hacen necesarias, pues buscan romper con la forma tradicional del conocimiento y de la escuela. Así, trabajar desde la perspectiva de la interdisciplinaridad para una propuesta de una escuela puede proporcionar una formación para la emancipación humana, en la cual los sujetos insertados tienen la tarea de hacer realidad nuevas formas de organizar el espacio, teniendo en cuenta la totalidad social. Con base en la investigación bibliográfica de naturaleza cualitativa, vamos a discutir la evolución de la ciencia buscando presentar los hechos que hicieron posibles los cambios de paradigmas. Presentamos, también, discusiones sobre la interdisciplinaridad como un camino para la comprensión de los fenómenos desde la perspectiva de totalidad y finalizamos comprendiendo el proceso interdisciplinar en la práctica pedagógica. Se verificó que la interdisciplinaridad es una necesidad que surge de la evolución de la ciencia y de la realidad social que es, al mismo tiempo, una y diversa.

Indian drama, in the hands of Dattani, has been rendered into a perfect synchronization of entertainment and enlightenment. The themes chosen for the plays are broadly the marginalization of voiceless people and issues of invisibility. Dattani is well aware that imperfection is the law of nature; conflict and co-operation is a continuous process, but in an evolving, society, like India, which has been witnessing more inconsistencies and disharmony, at the level of both the individual and society, an artist by the very nature of his/her calling, requires to rise to the occasion to present these in a manner, most suitable to impinge upon the conscience of all, towards greater harmony and social balance, against any forced harmony. His world of drama focuses on the invisible issues of Indian society which everyone comes across every day, yet maintains a silence, not cogitating in one’s mind or not daring to defy the why of it. Dattani’s, Clearing the Rubble, is one such play.

The Bolsheviks tried to legitimize their power through a special kind of symbolic communicative acts such as mass political festivities. Festivities were used to construct a new social reality, to create and promote Soviet ideals of public life and behaviour, norms of socialist life style, and spiritual values., Проблема легитимации власти, вставшая после завоевания власти, решалась большевиками в значительной степени посредством организации массовых политических празднеств. Советские государственные праздники представляли особую форму коммуникативного символического действия. В ходе праздника конструировалась новая социальная реальность, создавались и пропагандировались идеалы общественной жизни и поведения советского человека, нормы социалистического общежития, образа жизни, духовных ценностей.

In this article we analyze the role of trust in the construction of social reality, arguing that it constitutes one of its essential components; namely, one that allows the creation, maintenance and collective recognition of institutions as well as their iteration and organization in subsystems., El artículo analiza el rol que cumple la confianza en la construcción de la realidad social, argumentando que constituye uno de sus componentes esenciales. Lo es porque hace posible el nacimiento, permanencia y reconocimiento colectivo de las instituciones, así como su iteración y organización en subsistemas.

This thesis is focused on the importance of packaging design for fresh milk in Australia. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between visual communication elements in milk package labels, their related marketing strategies, and the perception of the consumer in relation to their purchase decision-making. This investigation is based on the semiotic analysis of visual design elements in existing milk labels as well as those created during a participatory design workshop with consumers. This study, therefore, examines the potential of visual design to define positioning strategies to attract specific consumer groups at the point of sale.

This article is about work experiences that the authors have had as teachers in participatory seminars a methodological option of humanities courses given by the General Studies at the University of Costa Rica. The paper reviews this teaching method, a conceptualization and methodology that has been used since 1974. Through examples, the authors seek to visualize how course take joint and involve teaching, across of the importance of the application of theory, critical analysis and use of arguments. The work in seminars allows to generate a position in reference to reality, surpassing the routine and the stated desire among students to get a help by the teacher, to encourage reflection and internalization of knowledge. The aim of the authors is to rescue the contribution that this kind of teaching has given to make the students be more than just spectators, but protagonists of addressing political, social and economic reality, the cultural context in which as future professionals they will unfold., El presente artículo trata acerca de las experiencias de trabajo que los autores han tenido como docentes en los Seminarios Participativos, opción metodológica del Curso Integrado de Humanidades que ofrece la Escuela de Estudios Generales de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Para ello revisa esta modalidad de trabajo, su conceptualización y la metodología que desde 1974 se ha utilizado. A través de ejemplos, los autores buscan visualizar la manera en la cual se lleva a cabo la enseñanza participativa y cogestiva, por medio de la importancia de la aplicación de la teoría, el análisis crítico y la argumentación. El trabajo de los Seminarios permite gestar un posicionamiento con respecto a la realidad, superando lo memorístico y el deseo manifiesto en los estudiantes de obtener una lectura por parte del docente, al impulsar la reflexión y la interiorización del conocimiento. La idea de los autores es rescatar el aporte que la enseñanza participativa y cogestiva provee, al convertir a los y las estudiantes más que en espectadores, en protagonistas del abordaje de la realidad política, social y económica, del contexto cultural en el que como futuros profesionales se desenvolverán.

In modern society, ‘the public’ is inevitably a mediated sphere as only media can bridge its spatial, temporal and topical diversity. While this media has traditionally been mass media (one-to-many), the arrival of the Internet has popularised meso media (many-to-many). In that context, the mediated public sphere has undergone significant changes. On the one hand, media theorists emphasise the enabling characteristics of digital media, hoping for an egalitarian public sphere and an empowerment of media users. On the other hand, critics discuss the regulatory attributes of social media platforms, which allow to preformat and to sanction communication more efficiently than ever before. This overview paper discusses the generic relationship between social media and mass media from a systems-theoretical point of view. Further, it addresses the question of whether the social web is in fact on the path to democratising the ‘public sphere’., Die 'Öffentlichkeit' in der modernen Gesellschaft ist zwangsläufig eine mediatisierte Sphäre, da allenfalls Verbreitungsmedien - traditionellerweise Massenmedien - ihre sachliche, räumliche und soziale Diversität überbrücken können. Seit den 1990er-Jahren bietet indes das Internet als Universalmedium eine ideale Projektionsfläche für Hoffnungen auf liberalere Öffentlichkeitsstrukturen, die mit einem Empowerment der Mediennutzer und einem Bedeutungsverlust klassischer massenmedialer Anbieter einhergehen sollen. Von den kommunikationserleichternden Effekten der Onlinetechnologien unmittelbare Veränderungen in den grundsätzlichen Strukturen gesellschaftlicher Öffentlichkeit abzuleiten, wäre allerdings ein technikdeterministischer Fehlschluss, der zuletzt immer wieder zu übersteigerten Erwartungen geführt hat. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt das vorliegende Übersichtspapier auf der Basis systemtheoretischer Einsichten zunächst ein Einordnungsmodell für Social Media und Massenmedien vor, das ihre unterschiedlichen Wirkungsbereiche in der gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeitskonstruktion herausarbeitet, und diskutiert daran anknüpfend, inwieweit sich bis dato tatsächlich von einer Demokratisierung der Öffentlichkeitsstrukturen durch das Social Web sprechen lässt.

Körper und Sprache - beide gehören zu einer Interviewsituation dazu. Dennoch gilt das Interesse später meist dem sprachlichen Text, körperlich-sinnliche Ausdrucks- und Verstehensabläufe werden für die Erkenntnisgenerierung kaum fruchtbar gemacht. Dem widerspricht, dass der Körper in sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspektive als eigenständige Größe bei der Hervorbringung sozialer Wirklichkeit betrachtet wird (vgl. Gugutzer 2012, S.11f.). Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiere ich in dem vorliegenden Text die Frage, welchen Beitrag die methodische Nutzung der Körper- und Leibhaftigkeit von ForscherInnen zur Erkenntnisgenerierung in der Biografieforschung leisten kann: Gibt es ein Mehr oder ein Anderes an Erkenntnis, wenn die leibliche und körperliche Dimension des Forschungsprozesses in die Analyse miteinbezogen wird? Aufgegriffen werden Anregungen der Körpersoziologie sowie der phänomenologisch orientierten Erziehungswissenschaft, in denen u.a. im Rückgriff auf leibphänomenologische Grundlegungen für den Leib als "Erkenntnismedium" (Gugutzer 2012) bzw. "Erkenntnisorgan" (Stenger 2013) im Forschungsprozess plädiert wird. Nach Deppermann (2013) ist das Interview nicht nur als Text, sondern auch als situative, gemeinsame Sinnproduktion zu verstehen und zu analysieren. Daher wird die Anregung, als ForscherInnen den Momenten des "spürbaren inneren Widerstands" (Gugutzer 2013, S.15) nachzugehen, anhand des eigenen Forschungsprozesses exemplarisch erprobt. Daraus ergibt sich die These, dass sinnlich-körperliche Verstehensleistungen vertiefte Einblicke in methodische und gegenstandsbezogene Fragen erlauben. (Autorenreferat), Body and language are both integral parts of interview situations in biographical research. Within the social sciences the body is regarded as an influential parameter in constructing social reality (cf. Gugutzer, 2012, pp.11f.). However, the research process often focuses only on the spoken word, recorded in the form of transcripts. The dimension of physical and sensory expression and comprehension is not adequately taken into consideration. Against this background, in this article I consider how the physical and sensing body could be incorporated into biographical research so as to generate compelling and meaningful data. What does it mean for research results if the analysis of data is not limited to the spoken word but also considers the body in the research process? Is there a difference in or an addition to findings if the body is considered? In this contribution I refer to approaches to the sociology of the body and the phenomenologically oriented educational sciences that advocate using the sensing body as a medium of perception and comprehension (cf. Gugutzer, 2012; Stenger, 2013). According to Deppermann (2013) the interview cannot be seen as a text only but also as a situational and shared production of sense. I therefore draw on Gugutzer's suggestion that researchers should face their moments of "inward resistance" (2013, p.15), as including the experiences of the body that allow for more significant insight into methodological and subject-related questions. (author's abstract)