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Introduction: Dengue is a viral infection of great impact due to the expansive and adaptive capacity of its vector, a situation that requires explaining the individual and context factors based on the degree of knowledge about the disease and the way in which this knowledge is mobilized through family practices and community participation. Objective: To determine the association between knowledge, practices and participation in dengue prevention programs with individual and environmental factors. Methods: Cross-sectional correlational study developed in Córdoba, Colombia during 2021. A survey was applied to 328 people. For the analysis, descriptive statistics and the application of a Chi-squared test at a significance level of 5% were used. Results: There is a significant association between knowledge about the causes and the level of schooling; knowing the symptoms with the place of residence, sex, educational level and family income; as well as with access to sewage service, permanent water tanks, the habit of fumigating and the use of repellents. The data is consistent with the trend that links the presence of dengue in regions with high levels of social vulnerability and contextual conditions suitable for propagating the vector. Conclusions: The educational deficit, male sex, earning little income and place of residence affect the levels of participation to prevent dengue., Introducción: el dengue es una infección vírica de gran impacto por la capacidad expansiva y adaptativa del vector que la transmite, situación que amerita explicar los factores individuales, el contexto en función del grado de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad, y la forma en que dichos conocimientos son movilizados a través de prácticas familiares y la participación de la comunidad. Objetivo: determinar la relación de los conocimientos, prácticas y participación en los programas de prevención del dengue con los factores individuales y del entorno. Metodología: estudio correlacional transversal desarrollado en Córdoba, Colombia durante 2021. Se aplicó una encuesta a 328 personas. Para el análisis se empleó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial y la aplicación del chi cuadrado a un nivel de significancia del 5 %. Resultados: existe asociación significativa entre el conocimiento sobre las causas y el grado de escolaridad; el conocimiento de los síntomas con el lugar de residencia, sexo, nivel educativo e ingresos familiares; así como también con el acceso al servicio de alcantarillado, depósitos de agua permanente, el hábito de fumigar y el uso de repelentes. Los datos son acordes con la tendencia que vincula la presencia del dengue en regiones con altos niveles de vulnerabilidad social y condiciones del contexto aptas para propagar el vector. Conclusiones: el déficit educativo, el sexo masculino, devengar pocos ingresos y el lugar de residencia inciden en los niveles de participación para prevenir el dengue.

In the early 1980s, a growing number of small merchants and peddlers appeared on the streets of China’s cities. They became known as ‘getihu’. The getihu were early symbols of the new era of ‘Reform and Opening Up’ that emerged in China in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Nearly thirty years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China as a communist state in 1949, the ruling Chinese Communist Party tentatively introduced market- based reforms which would eventually unleash the Chinese economy and change both China and the world. Focusing on the city of Nanjing, this dissertation draws from a broad range of written sources including newspapers, archival documents, annals, government collections, and discarded official records to explore the getihu and their historical antecedents. Told chronologically, it explores the path from the small merchants, peddlers, and handicraftsmen of Republican Nanjing, through the socialist years dominated by the leadership of founding Chairman Mao Zedong, to the getihu of the 1980s. It shows that small-scale private commerce had originally played a vital role in the everyday life of Nanjing. That vital role persisted long into the socialist ‘Mao era’ (1949-76). Ultimately, however, Nanjing’s urban culture of independent commerce and everyday exchange came into conflict with a new model for city life centred on the planned economy and the state workplace (or danwei). By the start of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, successive waves of ideological campaigns, industrial expansion and unpredictable regulation had pushed small merchants into an increasingly marginal position in everyday life in Nanjing. The rigid socialism of the Cultural Revolution finished the job, and peddlers and other merchants almost disappeared from Nanjing’s streets after 1966. The goods and services Nanjing’s small merchants had once provided were never satisfactorily replaced. By the late 1970s, problems of inconvenience and unemployment were acute. The fi

BACKGROUND: Medical neutrality is a normative arrangement that differentiates a zone of medical treatment disconnected from the field of politics. While medical neutrality aims to ensure impartial healthcare for all and to shield the healthcare personnel from political demands, it can also divert attention away from conflicts and their effects on health inequity. This article analyzes how healthcare professionals understand and negotiate the depoliticized space of the emergency department (ED) through their views on neutrality. It also examines how medical staff use depoliticized concepts of culture to account for differences in the health status of patients from disadvantaged groups. These questions are examined in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. METHODS: Twenty-four in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare personnel in a Jerusalem hospitals ED. All but one of the participants were Jewish. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and Grounded Theory. RESULTS: The ED staff endorsed the perspective of medical neutrality as a nondiscriminatory approach to care. At the same time, some medical staff recognized the limits of medical neutrality in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and negotiated and challenged this concept. While participants identified unique health risks for Arab patients, they usually did not associate these risks with the effects of conflict and instead explained them in depoliticized terms of cultural and behavioral differences. Culture served as a non-controversial way of acknowledging and managing problems that have their roots in politics. CONCLUSIONS: The normative demand for neutrality works to exclude discussion of the conflict from clinical spaces. The normative exclusion of politics is a vital but under-appreciated aspect of how political conflict operates as a structural determinant of health. Healthcare personnel, especially in the ED, should be trained in stru

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur samiska identiteter beskrivs och görs i relation till majoritetssamhället i samiska raptexter. För att uppfylla syftet gjordes en tematisk textanalys av nio låttexter av tre olika samiska hiphopartister. Ett teoretiskt ramverk kring identitet som begrepp togs fram och användes i analysen. Begreppen identitetsskapande, mellanförskap, resiliens och kollektivt minne knyter an till det teoretiska ramverket och används för att nyansera analysen teoretiskt. I uppsatsen diskuteras hiphop som ett stärkande och resilierande forum för individuellt och kollektivt identitetsskapande. Vi menar att hiphop används som ett redskap av samiska rapartister för att styra ett identitetsnarrativ och hantera ett identitetsskapande som är omringat av inre och yttre konflikter. Vidare menar vi att samiskt identitetsskapande i texterna förhåller sig genomgående till det postkoloniala Sápmi, utanförskap, marginalisering och en ansträngd relation till majoritetssamhället och staten Sverige. Avslutningsvis kan vi konstatera att samiskt identitetsskapande tar sig uttryck på flera olika sätt i raptexterna och att texterna i sig är en del av ett identitetsskapande. I förlängningen så anser vi att uppsatsen bidrar till en ökad förståelse av samiskhet, samiskt identitetsskapande och samers sociala villkor i Sverige.

Background: Despite a tax-funded, needs-based organisation of the Danish health system, social inequality in cancer rehabilitation and palliative care (PC) has been noted repeatedly. Little is known about how best to improve access and participation in cancer rehabilitation and PC for socio-economically disadvantaged and socially vulnerable patients. Aim: To gather, synthesise and describe practice-orientated development studies presented in Danish-language publications and examine the underpinning conceptualisations of social inequality and vulnerability; explore related views of stakeholders working in the field. Methods: The study comprised a narrative review of Danish-language literature on practice-orientated development studies which address social inequality and vulnerability in cancer rehabilitation and PC and an online stakeholder consultation workshop with Danish professionals and academics working in the field. Results: Two themes characterise the included publications (n = 8): types of interventions; conceptualisations of social inequality and vulnerability; three themes were identified in the workshop data: focus and type of interventions; organisation of cancer care; and vulnerability of the healthcare system. The publications and the workshop participants (n = 12) favoured approaches which provide additional individualised resources throughout the cancer trajectory for this patient group. The terms social inequality and social vulnerability are largely used interchangeably, and associated with low income and no or little education yet qualified with multiple descriptors, which reflect the diverse socio-economic situations professionals encounter in cancer patients and their psychosocial needs. Conclusion: Addressing social inequality and vulnerability in cancer rehabilitation and PC in Denmark entails practical and conceptual challenges. Of importance is individualised support and the integration of rehabilitation and PC into standardised care path

This thesis explores communication infrastructures at the margins of Indigeneity to understand Māori health and wellbeing meanings, challenges, strategies and solutions, articulated by whānau whose voices have been ignored, or not sought. Māori health and wellbeing understandings, forged amidst ongoing colonial processes of socioeconomic and health inequities, are best articulated by Māori with these lived experiences. The communication platforms established by the settler colonial state are infused with power dynamics that determine the communication rules including who can speak, what can be said and how that should be delivered. The privileging of communicative spaces to experts, leaders, and community champions, shaped by the underlying ideology of whiteness that organises the settler colonial state, forecloses the space to those not fitting these categories. Māori health and wellbeing meanings emphasise the totality of Whakapapa as a basis for communicating health and wellbeing. Kaupapa Māori theory, and Whakapapa as a super-connector of relationships both in the spiritual and physical domains, anchored the research. Rooted in Māori epistemology, the enduring intergenerational relationship between health and land formed the basis for the participants’ understandings of health and wellbeing. Positioned also in dialogue with the Culture-Centered Approach (CCA), we foreground whānau voices through the co-creation of voice infrastructures at the margins of Indigeneity, with whānau members candidly sharing lived experiences navigating health and wellbeing through the establishment of the Feilding advisory group. The interplay of land, rivers and health is a dominant theme. Strategies for improving health and wellbeing include co-creating communicative infrastructures, such as platforms for voices to emerge at the margins of Indigeneity. The campaigns documented buttress the importance of regaining stolen land, (re)connecting to land through the collective establishm

As a general framework, the different types of grief can be grouped into three categories: normal, maladaptive or complicated and at risk. The level of dependency of the deceased plays an important role in the development of complications, especially in previously frail pa- tients. Objective: to study grief in a particularly fragile group: dependent persons. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological study was carried out in the Primary Care setting in the Canary Islands with mourners identified in 2018 and 2019. Results: The prevalence of complicated grief is higher in women (13%) and frail or dependent patients (15.2%). In mourners at intermediate social risk, identified using the Gijón Sociofamilial Scale, the prevalence is 24.1%. The recording of defining characteristics of nursing diagnoses and related or risk factors is limited. The health area with the highest prevalence of Complicated Grief was Tenerife (13.3%) Conclusions: Frail or dependent people suffer more non-adapted grief than autonomous people. However, no associations of moderate or strong magnitude are evident. Further research on the needs of previously frail patients, especially those related to the psychosocial sphere, should be carried out through the epidemiology of care., Como marco general, se pueden agru - par los diferentes tipos de duelo en tres categorías: normal, inadaptado o con com- plicaciones y en riesgo. El nivel de depen - dencia de la persona fallecida juega un papel importante en el desarrollo de com - plicaciones, especialmente en pacientes previamente frágiles. Objetivo: analizar las características de las personas frágiles y dependientes diag - nosticadas de duelo y duelo complicado en Canarias. Método: Se plantea un estudio obser - vacional, descriptivo, transversal, de tipo epidemiológico en el entorno de Atención Primaria de Canarias con los dolientes iden- tificados en los años 2018 y 2019. Resultados: La prevalencia del duelo complicado es mayor en mujeres (13%) y en los pacientes frágiles o dependientes (15,2%). En dolientes en riesgo social in- termedio, identificado mediante la Escala Sociofamiliar de Gijón, la prevalencia es del 24,1%. El registro de características defini- torias de los diagnósticos enfermeros y de factores relacionados o de riesgo es anec - dótico. El Área de Salud con mayor preva- lencia de duelo complicado fue Tenerife (13,3%) Conclusiones: Las personas frágiles o dependientes padecen más duelo inadap - tado que las personas autónomas. A través de la epidemiología del cuidado se debe seguir investigando acerca de las necesida- des de los pacientes previamente frágiles, especialmente en las relacionadas con la esfera psicosocial.

Despite policy intentions and many interventions aimed at reducing socioeconomic health inequalities in recent decades in the Netherlands and other affluent countries, these inequalities have not been reduced. Based on a narrative literature review, this paper aims to increase insight into why socioeconomic health inequalities are so persistent and build a way forward for improved approaches from a theoretical perspective. Firstly, we present relevant theories focusing on individual determinants of health-related behaviors. Thereafter, we present theories that take into account determinants of the individual level and the environmental level. Lastly, we show the complexity of the system of individual determinants, environmental determinants and behavior change for low socioeconomic position (SEP) groups and describe the next steps in developing and evaluating future effective approaches. These steps include systems thinking, a complex whole-system approach and participation of all stakeholders in system change.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора філософії за спеціальністю 053 Психологія (05 Соціальні та поведінкові науки). – Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського», Київ, 2021. Необхідність дослідження концептуальних засад розвитку інноваційного потенціалу майбутніх інженерів обумовлена потребою суспільства у підготовці потенційних інноваторів, які здатні до створення нового у науці та техніці. Слід зазначити, що дотепер не існує ефективної технології, яка пройшла багаторічну апробацію, а наявні – фрагментарно вирішують окремі проблеми у розвитку інноваційного потенціалу особистості. Не вирішеними на сьогодні залишилися проблеми, які містяться у площині створення і забезпечення таких соціально-психологічних умов, що сприятимуть ефективному розвитку інноваційного потенціалу студентів закладу вищої технічної освіти. У дисертації здійснено теоретичне обґрунтування та практичне вирішення завдань щодо розвитку інноваційного потенціалу студентів закладу вищої технічної освіти, що виявляється у визначенні психологічного змісту та структури інноваційного потенціалу, виявленні особливостей сформованості його компонентів, встановленні взаємозв’язків між ними, здійсненні факторної конфігурації внутрішніх ресурсів, обґрунтуванні та експериментальній перевірці соціально-психологічних умов ефективності застосування тренінгової програми у процесі професійної підготовки майбутніх інженерів. Основні результати дослідження викладено в трьох розділах дисертації. У розділі 1 «Науково-теоретичні підходи до проблеми дослідження розвитку інноваційного потенціалу особистості» здійснено теоретичний аналіз підходів до вивчення феномену інноваційного потенціалу особистості, зокрема: антропологічного (нададаптивна природа, що включає соціально-психологічні якості та потенції); соціологічного (функціювання соціальних механізмів, що регулюють інноваційну діяльність); соціально-психологічного (динамічна поліфункціональна складна

The purpose of this paper was to measure the effect of a COVID-19 on social, psychological, economic, and health conditions in Libyan society. This study was undertaken through a questionnaire survey using the Google Form survey questionnaires in order to collect the data. A random sampling method was used from 1st June to 15th July 2020by obtaining greater insight into the issue. A result of this study revealed that the COVID-19 had a different effect on four dimensions (social, psychological economic, and health conditions). The findings of the study indicate that there is a small positive effect on social, middle, and above middle positive effects on psychological and economic respectively and high positive effect on health conditions with various percentages in Libyan society. This has been one of the first academic studies on the COVID-19 on social, psychological, economic, and health conditions addressed the Libyan society. Arguably, many of the areas covered in this study warrant more specific and in-depth investigation. The researchers hope that this paper will be beneficial to both Libyan people and the government in improving and developing the social aspects to avoid spreading COVID-19 in the future.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the socioeconomic conditions of the beneficiaries who are associated with Pakistan Bait ul Mal and are receiving funds. The target population of this research were the beneficiaries affiliated with the Pakistan Baitul Mal regardless of the fat that whether they have received the programs and services in the given time frame or not. Methodology: The quantitative data collected was on the bases of telephonic surveys which targeted a total of 155 beneficiaries. Findings: After a careful analysis of data, it was revealed that most of them agreed that these services have positively impacted on their socioeconomic conditions. The top three influencing factors in this study include the difficulty in application process, monthly household income and employment status. Implications: The importance of poverty reduction programs along with other welfare plans as a stepping stone towards the most effective welfare state, the significance of Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal can't be denied and therefore the viability of a lawful sponsorship for such projects or organizations has for quite some time been perceived by the policy makers. The seriousness of the research further enhances because of the way that this subject had not been in the spotlight for quite a long time. Consequently, institutional re-building and approach corrections have not been much into training.

Since its national debut in 1987, Fresh Air with Terry Gross has been a highly acclaimed and much adored weekday magazine among public radio listeners. Each week, nearly 4.8 million people turn to Peabody Award-winning host Terry Gross for insightful conversations with the leading voices in contemporary arts and issues. The renowned program reaches a global audience, with over 620 public radio stations broadcasting Fresh Air, and 3 million podcast downloads each week. Fresh Air has broken the mold of 'talk show' by weaving together superior journalism and intimate storytelling from modern-day intellectuals, politicians and artists alike. Through probing questions and careful research, Gross's interviews are lauded for revealing a fresh perspective on cultural icons and trends. Her thorough conversations are often complemented by commentary from well-known contributors. Fresh Air is produced at WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and broadcast nationally by NPR., (1.) Writer and sociologist EYAL PRESS is the author of the new book Dirty Work: Essential Jobs and the Hidden Toll of Inequality in America. It's about some of the people in America who work in jobs most of us would run from, because they're punishing and difficult, and seen in some way as morally compromised. He interviewed prison mental health workers and correctional officers, oil rig workers, slaughterhouse employees, and military drone operators. PRESS writes for The New Yorker and other publications. (INTERVIEW BY DAVE DAVIES). (THIS INTERVIEW CONTINUES INTO THE SECOND HALF OF THE SHOW). (2.) Book critic MAUREEN CORRIGAN reviews the new novel Dream Girls by Laura Lippman.

The Immigration Act 1987 fundamentally transformed New Zealand’s immigration policy from one that was race-based to one based on economic needs of New Zealand society. It opened the borders to immigrants from much wider regions. As a result of this “open-door” immigration policy, a substantial new Chinese immigrant community from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established in New Zealand. Building a closely-tied multigenerational family is an important feature of family life for this immigrant group. Often, multiple generations live together or within close proximity with one another in highly interdependent relationships. However, a growing number have also started to maintain their family lives transnationally, with different family members across generations living apart but maintaining close ties, with frequent interactions across national borders. Given this transnational family arrangement is very different from Chinese traditional practices of family maintenance, the impact of this change on the wellbeing and functioning of these families and their individual family members is an issue of increasing academic interest. This thesis responds to these concerns and explores the relationship between people’s experiences of transnational migration and their multigenerational family dynamics. Through engaging with individual life stories and perspectives of 45 participants across generations from new PRC immigrant families living in New Zealand, this thesis seeks to understand how those families with closely-tied multiple generations cope with dislocation and relocation during the process of transnational migration. It also investigates how transnational migration experiences contribute to new emergent domestic dynamics, including the development of new strategies and practices to maintain family traditions, interests and coherence across national borders, as well as shifting intergenerational relationships. The empirical data demonstrates that despite the i

The Lake Titicaca basin was one of the major centers for cultural development in the ancient world. This lacustrine environment is unique in the high, dry Andean altiplano, and its aquatic and terrestrial resources are thought to have contributed to the florescence of complex societies in this region. Nevertheless, it remains unclear to what extent local aquatic resources, particularly fish, and the introduced crop, maize, which can be grown in regions along the lakeshores, contributed to facilitating sustained food production and population growth, which underpinned increasing social political complexity starting in the Formative Period (1400 BCE to 500 CE) and culminating with the Tiwanaku state (500 to 1100 CE). Here, we present direct dietary evidence from stable isotope analysis of human skeletal remains spanning over two millennia, together with faunal and floral reference materials, to reconstruct foodways and ecological interactions in southern Lake Titicaca over time. Bulk stable isotope analysis, coupled with compound-specific amino acid stable isotope analysis, allows better discrimination between resources consumed across aquatic and terrestrial environments. Together, this evidence demonstrates that human diets predominantly relied on C3 plants, particularly quinoa and tubers, along with terrestrial animals, notably domestic camelids. Surprisingly, fish were not a significant source of animal protein, but a slight increase in C4 plant consumption verifies the increasing importance of maize in the Middle Horizon. These results underscore the primary role of local terrestrial food resources in securing a nutritious diet that allowed for sustained population growth, even in the face of documented climate and political change across these periods.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rapidly growing public health problem, especially in disadvantaged populations. Major political interventions are required to mitigate the social and socioeconomic inequities that contribute to the development and progression of CKD and its disproportionate impact on low and middle-income countries.

La insuficiencia cardiaca es una enfermedad que aumenta la morbimortalidad, deteriora la calidad de vida de la persona que la padece e impacta negativamente en el sistema de salud. El propósito de esta revisión es explorar la literatura para determinar qué condiciones biopsicosociales del individuo pueden ser factores deteriorantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en esta población. Se realizó una revisión integrativa a partir de artículos publicados entre el 2014 y el 2018, en idioma español e inglés, los cuales se obtuvieron de la revisión de las bases de datos Ovid, Scopus, Scielo, Science direct, Redalyc, Lilacs, Dialnet y Pubmed, utilizando los descriptores de consulta Mesh: quality of life and heart failure. Se incluyeron en la revisión 24 artículos, en los cuales se identificaron 24 factores deteriorantes que fueron clasificados en las dimensiones biopsicosociales del individuo. Determinar la presencia de estos factores permite al profesional de salud obtener elementos claves para el establecimiento de un plan de atención individualizado que genere un impacto positivo en la condición de salud y en la calidad de vida de la persona. Esto exige un mayor desarrollo investigativo que permita conocer este fenómeno en el contexto colombiano y latinoamericano., DUAZARY Heart failure is a disease that increases morbidity and mortality, deteriorates the quality of life of the people who suffer it, and negatively impacts the health system. The purpose of this review is to explore the literature to determine what biopsychosocial conditions of the individual may be deteriorating factors in health-related quality of life in this population. An integrative review was carried out based on articles published between 2014 and 2018, in Spanish and English, which were obtained from the review of Ovid, Scopus, Scielo, Science direct, Redalyc, Lilacs, Dialnet, and Pubmed databases, using the Mesh query descriptors: quality of life and heart failure. Twenty four articles were included in this review, where twenty-four factors were identified and classified in the biopsychosocial dimensions of the individual. Determining the presence of these factors allows health professionals to obtain key elements for the establishment of an individualized care plan that generates a positive impact on the person’s health condition and quality of life. More research is needed to understand this phenomenon in the Colombian and Latin American context.

Objective: To present the findings of a study about social inequalities based on experiences of care and treatment of patients affected by type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and to provide theoretical and methodological elements to analyze social inequalities in health. Methodology: Qualitative study based on biographical stories of patients diagnosed for more than one year having different socioeconomic and sociocultural features was carried out. In an attempt to have representation of diverse social classes, genders and ethnic-racial conditions, cases were selected from different healthcare facilities of the Santiago de Cali municipality (Colombia). Results: Three interrelated domains which constitute conditions of inequality throughout life and in experiences of the care and treatment of diabetes were identified. They were health domain, which comprises the access and use of health services and satisfaction of health needs, health care and health results; socioeconomic domain, which includes social spaces, social positions, resources, sociocultural frames of social hierarchy formation; and finally, context domain, which involves policies and economic, social and cultural features of the patient’s environment. Conclusions: In order to analyze health inequalities, not only understanding their manifestations in organisms or access to health services is necessary but also the comprehension of their social development. Four key elements for the development of inequalities were identified: the territory, the link between education and employment, gender, and various forms of violence., Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa relacionada com as desigualdades sociais partindo de experiências de manejo e tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, além de contribuir com elementos teóricos e metodológicos para analisar as desigualdades sociais em saúde. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, baseada em relatos biográficos de pessoas diagnosticadas há mais de um ano e com características socioeconômicas e socioculturais diversas. Os casos foram selecionados em diferentes centros de saúde do município de Santiago de Cali (Colômbia), procurando ter representação de classe social, gênero e condição étnico-racial diversas. Resultados: Foram identificadas três áreas que, combinadas entre si, formam as condições de desigualdade ao longo das experiências de vida e nos cuidados e tratamento do diabetes, que são: 1) Área da saúde, que inclui o acesso e uso de serviços de saúde e a satisfação de necessidades em saúde, o cuidado da saúde e os resultados em saúde; 2) Área social econômica/cultural, que inclui os espaços sociais, as posições sociais, os capitais e os esquemas socioculturais de classificação-hierarquia social; e finalmente, 3) Área do contexto, que inclui as políticas e as situações econômicas, sociais e culturais do entorno. Conclusões: Analisar as desigualdades em saúde significa compreender sua produção social e não simplesmente suas manifestações nos corpos ou o acesso aos serviços de saúde. Foram identificados quatro campos-chave geradores de desigualdades: o território, a articulação entre educação e trabalho, o gênero e as diferentes formas de violência., Objetivo: Presentar los resultados de un estudio de las desigualdades sociales a partir de experiencias de manejo y tratamiento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, yaportar elementos teóricos y metodológicos para analizar las desigualdades sociales en salud. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, basada en relatos biográficos de personas diagnosticadas hacía más de un año, y con características socioeconómicas y socioculturales diversas. Los casos fueron seleccionados en diferentes centros de salud del municipio de Santiago de Cali (Colombia), procurando tener representación de clase social, género y condición étnico-racial diversas. Resultados: Se identificaron tres ámbitos que, articulados entre sí, configuran las condiciones de desigualdad a lo largo de las trayectorias de vida y en las experiencias de manejo y tratamiento de la diabetes. Estos son: el ámbito de la salud, que incluye el acceso y uso de servicios de salud y la satisfacción de necesidades en salud, el cuidado de la salud y los resultados en salud; el ámbito socioeconómico/cultural, que incluye los espacios sociales, las posiciones sociales, los capitales y los esquemas socioculturales de clasificación-jerarquización social; por último, el ámbito del contexto, que incluye las políticas y las situaciones económicas, sociales y culturales del entorno. Conclusiones: Analizar las desigualdades en salud implica comprender su producción social y no simplemente sus manifestaciones en los cuerpos o el acceso a servicios de salud. Se identificaron cuatro ejes claves de producción de desigualdades: el territorio, la articulación entre educación-trabajo, el género y las diferentes formas de violencia.

Between 1900 and 1960, the health of the prairie Metis was worse in comparison to their non-Metis counterparts. This is obvious when one examines the rates of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis [TB]. For example, in the early 1900s, Henry Gabeler, a trader who worked between Shoal Lake and Lake Manitoba, MB, estimated “Nine out of ten half-breeds die[d] with [TB].” The disease continued to be an ongoing problem and twenty years later, Dr. Stewart, Superintendent of the Manitoba Sanatorium, reported all “races [were] hit hard [by the disease]” but it was especially problematic among those “of mixed Indian blood.” TB remained an ongoing issue, and in 1932, the death rate from TB was 8x higher among the Metis. The situation in Manitoba was not unique and it was estimated the prevalence of the disease among them in Alberta was 90%. Instead of examining why they were experiencing elevated rates of disease and poor health, some historical physicians and scholars argued they were an inferior people and were responsible for their own health disparities. These men failed to acknowledge how colonialism and actions of the government and society contributed to the increased disease burden. Racism and displacement were the primary reasons why they were socially-politically-economically marginalized and experienced a cycle of poverty and poor health. To date, no scholar has attempted to focus specifically on their health and infectious disease between 1900 and 1960. During this time, they had not only been displaced from their traditional lands, they were an invisible people that became an “economically and socially disadvantaged group,” which influenced their health. Instead of acknowledging their role, governments (federal, provincial and territorial) and society blamed them for their own health disparities, arguing they were an inferior people. This study examines how colonialism and the actions of the various levels of government resulted with cycle of poverty and poor

Modern society development acquires widespread severe use of such a phenomenon as migration, which is inevitably connected with the individual's adaptation to the new social conditions. The study aims to identify the characteristics of the adaptation of migrant children to a new educational environment. The study uses the questionnaire method, which allows us to study and analyze the experience of activities to identify and concretize linguistic educational technologies for adaptation in relation to migrants. The article examines the peculiarities of linguistic educational technologies for the adaptation of migrants of different age categories. It can be concluded that children learn a new language faster than adults learn and often take on the role of interpreter for their parents. The data obtained in this paper can be used in social psychology, occupational psychology and for further theoretical development of this issue., O desenvolvimento da sociedade moderna adquire amplo uso severo de um fenômeno como a migração, que está inevitavelmente ligado à adaptação do indivíduo às novas condições sociais. O estudo tem como objetivo identificar as características da adaptação de crianças migrantes a um novo ambiente educacional. O estudo utiliza o método de questionário, o que nos permite estudar e analisar a experiência de atividades para identificar e concretizar tecnologias educacionais linguísticas para adaptação em relação aos migrantes. O artigo examina as peculiaridades das tecnologias educacionais linguísticas para a adaptação de migrantes de diferentes categorias de idade. Pode-se concluir que as crianças aprendem um novo idioma mais rápido do que os adultos e, muitas vezes, assumem o papel de intérpretes dos pais. Os dados obtidos neste artigo podem ser usados em psicologia social, psicologia ocupacional e para um maior desenvolvimento teórico desta questão., El desarrollo de la sociedad moderna adquiere un uso severo y generalizado de un fenómeno como la migración, que está inevitablemente relacionado con la adaptación del individuo a las nuevas condiciones sociales. El estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las características de la adaptación de los niños migrantes a un nuevo entorno educativo. El estudio utiliza el método de cuestionario, que nos permite estudiar y analizar la experiencia de las actividades para identificar y concretar tecnologías lingüísticas educativas para la adaptación en relación con los migrantes. El artículo examina las peculiaridades de las tecnologías de la educación lingüística para la adaptación de migrantes de diferentes categorías de edad. Se puede concluir que los niños aprenden un nuevo idioma más rápido de lo que aprenden los adultos y, a menudo, asumen el papel de intérpretes de sus padres. Los datos obtenidos en este artículo se pueden utilizar en psicología social, psicología ocupacional y para un mayor desarrollo teórico de este tema.

In addressing pandemics, science has never seemed more needed and useful, while at the same time limited and powerless. The existing contract between science and society is falling apart. A new covenant is urgently needed to navigate the days ahead.

El Síndrome de Wolfram (SW) es una enfermedad “rara”, neurodegenerativa y progresiva. El trabajo evalúa la calidad de vida de las personas con SW y de sus cuidadores. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 27 afectados y 31 cuidadores. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos estudiados. Las personas afectadas por el SW tienen una mejor calidad de vida en relación a la ausencia de sobrecarga laboral y de tiempo libre, así como en su satisfacción general. Los cuidadores presentan una mejor calidad de vida en relación con el soporte social. Los datos evidencian la necesidad de crear programas de intervención para mejorar su calidad de vida., Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is a “rare” disease, neurodegenerative and progressive. This study assesses the quality of life of persons with SW and their caregivers. The sample consisted of 27 affected and 31 caregivers. The results showed statistically significant differences between the groups studied. Persons affected by WS have a better life quality in relationship with the absence of work overload and free time, and in the general satisfaction. The caregivers present a better quality of life in relationship with the social support. The data demonstrate the need to create intervention programs that allow improving their quality of life.

Background: In Ethiopia, stigmatising attitudes towards people living with HIV have reduced over time. This is mainly due to improved HIV knowledge and the expansion of access to HIV care and support services. However, HIV stigma and discrimination remain a key challenge and have negative impacts on access to and utilisation of HIV services including nutritional programs in the HIV care setting. A small number of studies have examined the experience of stigma related to nutritional programs, but this is limited. This study explored HIV status disclosure and experience of stigma related to a nutritional program in HIV care settings in Ethiopia and impacts on nutritional program utilisation. Methods: As part of a larger study, qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 adults living with HIV, 15 caregivers of children living with HIV and 13 program staff working in the nutritional program in three hospitals in the Tigray region of Northern Ethiopia. Framework thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data and NVivo 11 was used to analyse the qualitative interview data. This study is presented based on the consolidated criteria for reporting of qualitative research (COREQ). Results: The study found varying levels of positive HIV status disclosure, depending on who the target of disclosure was. Disclosing to family members was reported to be less problematic by most participants. Despite reported benefits of the nutritional program in terms of improving weight and overall health status, adults and caregivers of children living with HIV revealed experiences of stigma and discrimination that were amplified by enrolment to the nutritional program and concerns about unwanted disclosure of positive HIV status. This was due to: a) transporting, consuming and disposing of the nutritional support (Plumpynut/sup) itself, which is associated with HIV in the broader community; b) required increased frequency of visits to HIV services for those enrolled in the nutri

Den här uppsatsen belyser allas rätt till staden. Genom att fokusera på de sociala värdena anammas begreppet gränssnitt för att beskriva länken mellan människan och den byggda miljön. I arbetet lyfts detta relativt outforskade begrepp fram och utvecklas så att det kan inkludera olika kvaliteter och värden. Gränssnittet avser här zonen där byggnad möter gaturummet och där det privata övergår till publikt. Syftet med arbetet är att ta reda på vilken betydelse gränssnittet har i den byggda miljön och om begreppet kan vara behjälpligt i stadsutvecklingsprocesser. Arbetet fördjupar sig i den nya stadsdelen Västra Hamnen i Malmö. Frågorna som ställs är; Hur kan vår användning av begreppet gränssnitt vara till hjälp för att beskriva kopplingen mellan människan och den byggda miljön? och Vad har gränssnittet för roll i utvecklingen av en ny stadsdel som Västra Hamnen i Malmö? Metoderna för studien innefattade intervjuer med bland annat arkitekter och byggherrar, observationer av tre specifika byggnader i Västra Hamnen samt enkäter som skickades till de boende och arbetande för respektive byggnad. Resultaten av studien visade på hur gränssnittet användes, fungerade och resonerades kring. Slutsatsen som dras är att gränssnittszonen besitter stor potential. Begreppet kan hjälpa diskussionen kring den sociala stadsutvecklingen framåt, dock är det ännu inte vidare etablerat i nuläget. Ytterligare forskning bör därför bedrivas för att vidare sprida begreppet och dess vikt., This essay highlights everyone’s right to the city. By focusing on the social values, the concept of interface as a link between man and the built environment is adapted. Interface, as a relatively unexplored concept, is in this thesis established and explored with its values and qualities. Here it refers to the zone where a building meets the streetspace and where private seeps into public. The aim of the study is to find out the significance of the interface and whether the concept can be helpful in urban development processes. It also takes a stance in a newly developed district called Western Harbour in Malmo, Sweden. The questions asked are; How can our use of the concept interface be helpful in describing the link between man and the built environment? and What role does the interface play in the development of a new district as the Western Harbour in Malmo? The approach of the study was through interviews with, amongst others, architects and developers; observations of three specific buildings in Western Harbour and surveys sent to the residents and employees of each building. Results showed how the interface was used, operated and further reasoned about. The conclusion made is that the interface concept has great potential. It can help the discussion of social urban development evolve, however, it is not yet established. More extensive research should therefore be conducted to further disseminate the concept and its importance.

El Síndrome de Wolfram (SW) es una enfermedad “rara”, neurodegenerativa y progresiva. El trabajo evalúa la calidad de vida de las personas con SW y de sus cuidadores. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 27 afectados y 31 cuidadores. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos estudiados. Las personas afectadas por el SW tienen una mejor calidad de vida en relación a la ausencia de sobrecarga laboral y de tiempo libre, así como en su satisfacción general. Los cuidadores presentan una mejor calidad de vida en relación con el soporte social. Los datos evidencian la necesidad de crear programas de intervención para mejorar su calidad de vida., Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is a “rare” disease, neurodegenerative and progressive. This study assesses the quality of life of persons with SW and their caregivers. The sample consisted of 27 affected and 31 caregivers. The results showed statistically significant differences between the groups studied. Persons affected by WS have a better life quality in relationship with the absence of work overload and free time, and in the general satisfaction. The caregivers present a better quality of life in relationship with the social support. The data demonstrate the need to create intervention programs that allow improving their quality of life.

Research on men has proliferated within in recent decades. However, much of this research has focussed on younger masculinities. While research on older men has also increased in recent years, there remains a lack of research on the ways in which masculinities are impacted by aging – particularly within a A/NZ context. This study took a social constructionist approach to exploring the ways in which A/NZ men make sense of masculinity as they age. Twenty-six men between the ages of 65 and 90 were interviewed and interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Analysis revealed a range of themes related to the operations of gendered power such as the invisibility of masculinity, egalitarianism, and a backlash against feminists. The men also reiterated dominant themes related to active aging, enjoyment, disengagement and decline, provision, masculinity as limiting, and increases in wisdom and insight. The ways in which themes of masculinity intersected with those related to aging were discussed with participants. The themes were related to theories of gender as performance, hegemonic masculinity, masculine capital, and selective optimisation and compensation. Implications, limitations, and suggested future directions are also discussed.

Historians are increasingly paying attention to the intersections between objects, people and places as an aspect of the social and cultural histories of settler colonial societies. This thesis investigates selected textiles of British migrant and settler women in Aotearoa New Zealand as an element of what is defined here as ‘colonial textile culture’. It draws on the collections of mid-nineteenth century clothing and textiles held at two provincial museums in the lower North Island of New Zealand: Te Manawa Museum of Art, Science and History, in Palmerston North, and Whanganui Regional Museum, in Whanganui. Colonial textile culture is examined through six surviving objects associated with migrant women of English, Irish and Scottish ethnic origin. These are presented as part of a wider re-evaluation of textiles in colonial cultural history. A set of journals, a mourning sampler and a workbox allow insights into the more personal aspects of textile culture, while a silk wedding dress, a battle flag and a straw bonnet reflect its more public dimensions. Many of these are revealed to be highly emotional objects, in addition to their sensory dimensions, that were essential to the making of relationships, identities and experiences. The concept of colonial textile culture encapsulates the ways in which textiles in mid-nineteenth century Aotearoa New Zealand variously created and sustained family memories; contested and reinforced notions of social class; related to both feminine and masculine identities; and served as a site of interaction between British migrant and settler women and Māori communities. Colonial textile culture was also a source of commercial opportunity for some women. Finally, it was part of a wider circulation of commodities, ideas and practices throughout the British Empire that provided an underpinning to the extension of settler colonialism.

Aims: to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of nonagenarian and centenary individuals with and without urinary incontinence. Methods: this is a cross-sectional and analytical study, involving 234 nonagenarians and centenarians evaluated in their homes, which were randomly selected in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. The presence of incontinence was assessed with respect to clinical and sociodemographic characteristics whose associations were tested by chi-square and the differences in means tested by Student’s t using the Epi Info program. Results: the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 56.41%, being 63.53% among women and 37.5% among men (p = 0.0003). The relationship between the presence of urine loss and marital status was significant (p = 0.0049), with greater frequency among widowers. Incontinents left the house less, participated less in physical and social activities, had a greater number of chronic diseases and depressive symptoms and a worse score in the cognitive assessment. Regarding urinary symptoms, most incontinents reported that urine or bladder interferes with their life (p <0.0001) and that urine or bladder causes embarrassment (p <0.0001). Among continent participants, 25% reported that urine or bladder disrupts their life. Conclusions: urinary incontinence was more frequent among women, older participants, widowers and individuals who lived alone. Despite a higher prevalence among women, an important prevalence among men is noteworthy. We conclude that urinary incontinence directly impacts the social life and health of nonagenarians and centenarians. Therefore, urinary incontinence should be an important component in the evaluation of nonagenarians and centenarians. We also observed that a significant number of nonagenarians and centenarians present discomfort related to urine, even without urinary incontinence., Objetivos: analisar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas em indivíduos nonagenários e centenários com e sem incontinência urinária. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, envolvendo 234 nonagenários e centenários avaliados nos seus domicílios, que foram aleatoriamente selecionados na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. A presença de incontinência foi avaliada com relação às características clínicas e sociodemográficas cujas associações foram testadas pelo qui-quadrado e as diferenças nas médias testadas pelo t de Student usando o Programa Epi Info. Resultados: a prevalência de incontinência urinária foi de 56,41%, sendo 63,53% entre as mulheres e 37,5% entre os homens (p=0,0003). A relação entre presença de perda de urina e de estado conjugal foi significativa (p=0,0049), com maior frequência entre os viúvos. Os incontinentes saíam menos de casa, participavam menos de atividades físicas e sociais, tinham maior número de doenças crônicas e sintomas depressivos e pior pontuação na avaliação cognitiva. Em relação aos sintomas urinários, a maioria dos incontinentes referiu que a urina ou bexiga atrapalha a sua vida (p<0,0001) e, que a urina ou bexiga, causa embaraço (p<0,0001). Entre os participantes continentes, 25% relatou que a urina ou bexiga atrapalha a sua vida. Conclusões: a incontinência urinária foi mais frequente entre mulheres, participantes mais velhos, viúvos e indivíduos que moravam sozinhos. Apesar de maior prevalência entre as mulheres, chama atenção uma prevalência importante entre os homens. Ao fim, concluímos que a incontinência urinária impacta diretamente na vida social e na saúde de nonagenários e de centenários. Então, a incontinência urinária deve ser um importante componente na avaliação desse grupo. Observamos, também, que um número importante de nonagenários e de centenários apresentam incômodos relacionados à urina, mesmo sem incontinência urinária.