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Computation of document similarity is a critical task in various NLP domains that has applications in deduplication, matching, and recommendation. Traditional approaches for document similarity computation include learning representations of documents and employing a similarity or a distance function over the embeddings. However, pairwise similarities and differences are not efficiently captured by individual representations. Graph representations such as Joint Concept Interaction Graph (JCIG) represent a pair of documents as a joint undirected weighted graph. JCIGs facilitate an interpretable representation of document pairs as a graph. However, JCIGs are undirected, and don't consider the sequential flow of sentences in documents. We propose two approaches to model document similarity by representing document pairs as a directed and sparse JCIG that incorporates sequential information. We propose two algorithms inspired by Supergenome Sorting and Hamiltonian Path that replace the undirected edges with directed edges. Our approach also sparsifies the graph to $O(n)$ edges from JCIG's worst case of $O(n^2)$. We show that our sparse directed graph model architecture consisting of a Siamese encoder and GCN achieves comparable results to the baseline on datasets not containing sequential information and beats the baseline by ten points on an instructional documents dataset containing sequential information.

The ever-increasing volume of paper submissions makes it difficult to stay informed about the latest state-of-the-art research. To address this challenge, we introduce LEGOBench, a benchmark for evaluating systems that generate scientific leaderboards. LEGOBench is curated from 22 years of preprint submission data on arXiv and more than 11k machine learning leaderboards on the PapersWithCode portal. We present four graph-based and two language model-based leaderboard generation task configurations. We evaluate popular encoder-only scientific language models as well as decoder-only large language models across these task configurations. State-of-the-art models showcase significant performance gaps in automatic leaderboard generation on LEGOBench. The code is available on GitHub ( https://github.com/lingo-iitgn/LEGOBench ) and the dataset is hosted on OSF ( https://osf.io/9v2py/?view_only=6f91b0b510df498ba01595f8f278f94c ).

The history of New Orleans, located at the delta of the Mississippi River, is characterized by diverse and interconnected processes and structures, including subsidence, flooding, colonialism, racism, violence, resistance, resilience, music and cultural innovation. New Orleans has been analyzed from a broad range of perspectives, as an engineering marvel or an unstable failure, as a site of unspeakable injustices, as a center of the Blues Resistance Tradition and as ground zero for Jazz. Here, I explore some of the interconnections between those perspectives using the dynamics of complex systems.In an agent-based model for economic development, flooding and flood protection in New Orleans, instability of the city's economy under episodic large floods increases with decreasing rate of societal dissipation. I show that societal dissipation primarily can be ascribed to flows of wages from businesses to workers, implying that instability in New Orleans increases with increasing levels of inequality.The dynamics of improvisational Jazz has been described qualitatively as nonlinear, unstable, chaotic and high-dimensional. I quantitatively analyze notated Jazz compositions using an extension of nonlinear time series forecasting in which I derive a slowly changing musical context variable and a measure for the extent to which a composition can be described by dynamics. A comparison of Jazz piano compositions by Ferdinand ``Jelly Roll” Morton with contemporary classical piano compositions by Sergei Rachmaninoff reveals that Morton's Jazz is dynamical, but less so than Rachmaninoff's compositions, that the music of both composers is nonlinear and dissipative, and that Morton's compositions exhibit higher dissipation rates and more complicated, finely-scaled phase spaces.Adding dynamics describing Black workers, resistance movements and repression of Black communities to the agent-based model of New Orleans, based on the environmental history of Clyde Woods, results in higher

The Indian education system has been struggling with forming a foundational sense of numeracy among children. The draft of the Indian National Education Policy (NEP) that was released in early June 2019 makes a very clear statement about the "severe learning crisis." The long policy document states thatthere are a significant number of children in elementary school who don't have the basic reading and math skills and recommends a "pedagogical shift" to change this. Therefore, theresearch will focus on understanding whether a pedagogical shift from traditional pedagogy to experiential pedagogy will lead to better learning outcomes among primary school students. Using a pre-and post-test, we divided forty students (n = 40) from grade one into two groups. The first group experienced traditional pedagogy, while the second group experienced experiential pedagogy. Using SPSS 19, a t-test was administered. The result indicates students in experiential learning have better pre-test scores than students in traditional learning. The outcome stipulates that experiential learning provides holistic learning with better understanding that students can connect to their lives.

Language models (LMs) are no longer restricted to ML community, and instruction-tuned LMs have led to a rise in autonomous AI agents. As the accessibility of LMs grows, it is imperative that an understanding of their capabilities, intended usage, and development cycle also improves. Model cards are a popular practice for documenting detailed information about an ML model. To automate model card generation, we introduce a dataset of 500 question-answer pairs for 25 ML models that cover crucial aspects of the model, such as its training configurations, datasets, biases, architecture details, and training resources. We employ annotators to extract the answers from the original paper. Further, we explore the capabilities of LMs in generating model cards by answering questions. Our initial experiments with ChatGPT-3.5, LLaMa, and Galactica showcase a significant gap in the understanding of research papers by these aforementioned LMs as well as generating factual textual responses. We posit that our dataset can be used to train models to automate the generation of model cards from paper text and reduce human effort in the model card curation process. The complete dataset is available on https://osf.io/hqt7p/?view_only=3b9114e3904c4443bcd9f5c270158d37

Language models are increasingly becoming popular in AI-powered scientific IR systems. This paper evaluates popular scientific language models in handling (i) short-query texts and (ii) textual neighbors. Our experiments showcase the inability to retrieve relevant documents for a short-query text even under the most relaxed conditions. Additionally, we leverage textual neighbors, generated by small perturbations to the original text, to demonstrate that not all perturbations lead to close neighbors in the embedding space. Further, an exhaustive categorization yields several classes of orthographically and semantically related, partially related, and completely unrelated neighbors. Retrieval performance turns out to be more influenced by the surface form rather than the semantics of the text., Comment: 21 pages. To appear in Findings of ACL 2022

Human Resource Accounting (HRA) is a new branch of accounting. It follows the traditional concept that all expenditure on human capital formation is taken as a charge against the revenue of the period as it does not create any physical assets modern view is that cost incurred on any assets as Human Resources need to be capitalized as it provides benefits measurable in monetary terms. Measurement of cost and value of the people to organize as is highly important cost incurred in recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development of employees the concept of HRA has been defined by the American Accounting Association has “The process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resource and communication this information to interested parties. The study of this paper shows meaning, objective, importance and different method of Human Resource Accounting. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. In this context, it is immense difficult to account the resources of institutions in which profits and productivity heavily depends on intangible assets. This attempt becomes much difficult in the case of knowledge carriers and intellectuals. Intellectual capital has become an accounting component since a decade. Here is an attempt to quantify the investment made in intellectual and knowledge resources and obtain their future value. This paper aims at studying the concept behind quantifying and accounting for Human Assets in academic institution that help in the development of the institution and society. Introduction of Human Resource Accounting will increase the efficiency of the teachers and goodwill of the institution.

Human Resource Accounting (HRA) is a new branch of accounting. It follows the traditional concept that all expenditure on human capital formation is taken as a charge against the revenue of the period as it does not create any physical assets modern view is that cost incurred on any assets as Human Resources need to be capitalized as it provides benefits measurable in monetary terms. Measurement of cost and value of the people to organize as is highly important cost incurred in recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development of employees the concept of HRA has been defined by the American Accounting Association has “The process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resource and communication this information to interested parties. The study of this paper shows meaning, objective, importance and different method of Human Resource Accounting. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. In this context, it is immense difficult to account the resources of institutions in which profits and productivity heavily depends on intangible assets. This attempt becomes much difficult in the case of knowledge carriers and intellectuals. Intellectual capital has become an accounting component since a decade. Here is an attempt to quantify the investment made in intellectual and knowledge resources and obtain their future value. This paper aims at studying the concept behind quantifying and accounting for Human Assets in academic institution that help in the development of the institution and society. Introduction of Human Resource Accounting will increase the efficiency of the teachers and goodwill of the institution.

Human Resource Accounting (HRA) is a new branch of accounting. It follows the traditional concept that all expenditure on human capital formation is taken as a charge against the revenue of the period as it does not create any physical assets modern view is that cost incurred on any assets as Human Resources need to be capitalized as it provides benefits measurable in monetary terms. Measurement of cost and value of the people to organize as is highly important cost incurred in recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development of employees the concept of HRA has been defined by the American Accounting Association has “The process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resource and communication this information to interested parties. The study of this paper shows meaning, objective, importance and different method of Human Resource Accounting. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. In this context, it is immense difficult to account the resources of institutions in which profits and productivity heavily depends on intangible assets. This attempt becomes much difficult in the case of knowledge carriers and intellectuals. Intellectual capital has become an accounting component since a decade. Here is an attempt to quantify the investment made in intellectual and knowledge resources and obtain their future value. This paper aims at studying the concept behind quantifying and accounting for Human Assets in academic institution that help in the development of the institution and society. Introduction of Human Resource Accounting will increase the efficiency of the teachers and goodwill of the institution.

Human Resource Accounting (HRA) is a new branch of accounting. It follows the traditional concept that all expenditure on human capital formation is taken as a charge against the revenue of the period as it does not create any physical assets modern view is that cost incurred on any assets as Human Resources need to be capitalized as it provides benefits measurable in monetary terms. Measurement of cost and value of the people to organize as is highly important cost incurred in recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development of employees the concept of HRA has been defined by the American Accounting Association has “The process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resource and communication this information to interested parties. The study of this paper shows meaning, objective, importance and different method of Human Resource Accounting. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. In this context, it is immense difficult to account the resources of institutions in which profits and productivity heavily depends on intangible assets. This attempt becomes much difficult in the case of knowledge carriers and intellectuals. Intellectual capital has become an accounting component since a decade. Here is an attempt to quantify the investment made in intellectual and knowledge resources and obtain their future value. This paper aims at studying the concept behind quantifying and accounting for Human Assets in academic institution that help in the development of the institution and society. Introduction of Human Resource Accounting will increase the efficiency of the teachers and goodwill of the institution.

Human Resource Accounting (HRA) is a new branch of accounting. It follows the traditional concept that all expenditure on human capital formation is taken as a charge against the revenue of the period as it does not create any physical assets modern view is that cost incurred on any assets as Human Resources need to be capitalized as it provides benefits measurable in monetary terms. Measurement of cost and value of the people to organize as is highly important cost incurred in recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development of employees the concept of HRA has been defined by the American Accounting Association has “The process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resource and communication this information to interested parties. The study of this paper shows meaning, objective, importance and different method of Human Resource Accounting. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. In this context, it is immense difficult to account the resources of institutions in which profits and productivity heavily depends on intangible assets. This attempt becomes much difficult in the case of knowledge carriers and intellectuals. Intellectual capital has become an accounting component since a decade. Here is an attempt to quantify the investment made in intellectual and knowledge resources and obtain their future value. This paper aims at studying the concept behind quantifying and accounting for Human Assets in academic institution that help in the development of the institution and society. Introduction of Human Resource Accounting will increase the efficiency of the teachers and goodwill of the institution.

Human Resource Accounting (HRA) is a new branch of accounting. It follows the traditional concept that all expenditure on human capital formation is taken as a charge against the revenue of the period as it does not create any physical assets modern view is that cost incurred on any assets as Human Resources need to be capitalized as it provides benefits measurable in monetary terms. Measurement of cost and value of the people to organize as is highly important cost incurred in recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development of employees the concept of HRA has been defined by the American Accounting Association has “The process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resource and communication this information to interested parties. The study of this paper shows meaning, objective, importance and different method of Human Resource Accounting. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. In this context, it is immense difficult to account the resources of institutions in which profits and productivity heavily depends on intangible assets. This attempt becomes much difficult in the case of knowledge carriers and intellectuals. Intellectual capital has become an accounting component since a decade. Here is an attempt to quantify the investment made in intellectual and knowledge resources and obtain their future value. This paper aims at studying the concept behind quantifying and accounting for Human Assets in academic institution that help in the development of the institution and society. Introduction of Human Resource Accounting will increase the efficiency of the teachers and goodwill of the institution.

Human Resource Accounting (HRA) is a new branch of accounting. It follows the traditional concept that all expenditure on human capital formation is taken as a charge against the revenue of the period as it does not create any physical assets modern view is that cost incurred on any assets as Human Resources need to be capitalized as it provides benefits measurable in monetary terms. Measurement of cost and value of the people to organize as is highly important cost incurred in recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development of employees the concept of HRA has been defined by the American Accounting Association has “The process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resource and communication this information to interested parties. The study of this paper shows meaning, objective, importance and different method of Human Resource Accounting. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. In this context, it is immense difficult to account the resources of institutions in which profits and productivity heavily depends on intangible assets. This attempt becomes much difficult in the case of knowledge carriers and intellectuals. Intellectual capital has become an accounting component since a decade. Here is an attempt to quantify the investment made in intellectual and knowledge resources and obtain their future value. This paper aims at studying the concept behind quantifying and accounting for Human Assets in academic institution that help in the development of the institution and society. Introduction of Human Resource Accounting will increase the efficiency of the teachers and goodwill of the institution.

Comparing research papers is a conventional method to demonstrate progress in experimental research. We present COMPARE, a taxonomy and a dataset of comparison discussions in peer reviews of research papers in the domain of experimental deep learning. From a thorough observation of a large set of review sentences, we build a taxonomy of categories in comparison discussions and present a detailed annotation scheme to analyze this. Overall, we annotate 117 reviews covering 1,800 sentences. We experiment with various methods to identify comparison sentences in peer reviews and report a maximum F1 Score of 0.49. We also pretrain two language models specifically on ML, NLP, and CV paper abstracts and reviews to learn informative representations of peer reviews. The annotated dataset and the pretrained models are available at https://github.com/shruti-singh/COMPARE ., Comment: 4 pages, JCDL 2021

We present TweeNLP, a one-stop portal that organizes Twitter's natural language processing (NLP) data and builds a visualization and exploration platform. It curates 19,395 tweets (as of April 2021) from various NLP conferences and general NLP discussions. It supports multiple features such as TweetExplorer to explore tweets by topics, visualize insights from Twitter activity throughout the organization cycle of conferences, discover popular research papers and researchers. It also builds a timeline of conference and workshop submission deadlines. We envision TweeNLP to function as a collective memory unit for the NLP community by integrating the tweets pertaining to research papers with the NLPExplorer scientific literature search engine. The current system is hosted at http://nlpexplorer.org/twitter/CFP ., Comment: ACL-IJCNLP Demo Track 2021

Nirav Nimavat,1 Shruti Singh,2 Nilesh Fichadiya,3 Parul Sharma,4 Nilesh Patel,1 Manoj Kumar,1 Grishma Chauhan,1 Niraj Pandit1 1Department of Community Medicine, Smt. B.K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; 2Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India; 3Department of Community Medicine, P. D. U. Government Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; 4GMERS Medical College, Patan, Gujarat, IndiaCorrespondence: Nirav NimavatDepartment of Community Medicine, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University, Piparia, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, IndiaTel +91 8866271087Email nkniraj1529@gmail.comIntroduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most educational institutions have opted for online education rather than traditional modes of education to protect their employees and students. Online education has been gaining momentum in almost all countries around the world. This coincides with the recently introduced competency-based medical education in India which has embraced online education. This poses a new challenge for the institutions involved, the instructors or teachers, and the students since they must adapt quickly to the new mode of learning. Online education requires teachers to improve their competency in three major areas; pedagogy, technology, and content knowledge. Some of the challenges include; lack of technological skill, poor time management and lack of infrastructure. As technology rapidly advances, health care education systems must also advance in tandem. To implement the new competency-based system and online education, the institutions and the individuals must realize the importance of online education, identify the barriers and quickly work on solutions for success.Methods: This review was conducted based on various research papers on the topic of online medical education, the challenges faced by faculty members, and the opinion of students on

Shruti Singh,1 Nirav Nimavat,2 Amarjeet Kumar Singh,3 Shamshad Ahmad,4 Nishi Sinha2 1Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India; 2Department of Community Medicine, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; 3Department of Anaesthesia, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India; 4Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, IndiaCorrespondence: Nirav NimavatDepartment of Community Medicine, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, IndiaEmail nkniraj1529@gmail.comBackground: The world is facing the most challenging pandemic in the 21st century. The developed and developing countries are facing the burden equally and no proven treatment options available. Recent studies suggest the plausibility of vitamin D therapy and prophylaxis for COVID-19, in the setting where the deficiency is more prevalent. Though evaluation of vitamin D status is not a routine in India, the present study focuses on the level of Vitamin d among COVID-19 patients.Methods: The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional to find the status of vitamin D among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. The demographic, comorbidity data were taken, and the level of vitamin D was measured by a chemiluminescence-based immunoassay analyzer. The analysis compared the level of deficiency and insufficiency among different groups of COVID-19 patients. The role of DM and HTN as risk factors for mortality was compared.Results: Among the total study participants (156), 42.31% were obese and 17.31% were severe as per clinical severity. The total prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 58.97% and insufficiency was 89.1%. The prevalence was found high among male (61.02%), overweight (65.52%), and severe (62.96%) patients. The severity increases with advanced age (p< 0.05) and important risk factors for mortality are DM, HTN, and advanced age.Conclusion: The level of vitamin D can be assessed f

Human Resource Accounting (HRA) is a new branch of accounting. It follows the traditional concept that all expenditure on human capital formation is taken as a charge against the revenue of the period as it does not create any physical assets modern view is that cost incurred on any assets as Human Resources need to be capitalized as it provides benefits measurable in monetary terms. Measurement of cost and value of the people to organize as is highly important cost incurred in recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development of employees the concept of HRA has been defined by the American Accounting Association has “The process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resource and communication this information to interested parties. The study of this paper shows meaning, objective, importance and different method of Human Resource Accounting. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. In this context, it is immense difficult to account the resources of institutions in which profits and productivity heavily depends on intangible assets. This attempt becomes much difficult in the case of knowledge carriers and intellectuals. Intellectual capital has become an accounting component since a decade. Here is an attempt to quantify the investment made in intellectual and knowledge resources and obtain their future value. This paper aims at studying the concept behind quantifying and accounting for Human Assets in academic institution that help in the development of the institution and society. Introduction of Human Resource Accounting will increase the efficiency of the teachers and goodwill of the institution.

Architecture that embodies contradiction has the opportunity to be a separation while creating new avenues. Separations help by distinguishing the two dualities. This thesis is an exploration on Architecture's response within complexity and contradiction. Within my project, the driving parameter is the program: A monastery for the Dominican order within an urban context of Washington DC. The architecture has two primary responsibilities, one is to preserve the sanctity of a restricted way of living and the other to engage with its profane surrounding. The two most important questions are: how does a monastery represent itself to a city; and how does a city represent itself from within a monastery.

Attention is a complex and broad concept, studied across multiple disciplines spanning artificial intelligence, cognitive science, psychology, neuroscience, and related fields. Although many of the ideas regarding attention do not significantly overlap among these fields, there is a common theme of adaptive control of limited resources. In this work, we review the concept and variants of attention in artificial neural networks (ANNs). We also discuss the origin of attention from the neuroscience point of view parallel to that of ANNs. Instead of having seemingly disconnected dialogues between varied disciplines, we suggest grounding the ideas on common conceptual frameworks for a systematic analysis of attention and towards possible unification of ideas in AI and Neuroscience., Comment: Accepted at NeurIPS 2020 Workshop: ML Retrospectives, Surveys & Meta-Analyses (ML-RSA)

Understanding the current research trends, problems, and their innovative solutions remains a bottleneck due to the ever-increasing volume of scientific articles. In this paper, we propose NLPExplorer, a completely automatic portal for indexing, searching, and visualizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) research volume. NLPExplorer presents interesting insights from papers, authors, venues, and topics. In contrast to previous topic modelling based approaches, we manually curate five course-grained non-exclusive topical categories namely Linguistic Target (Syntax, Discourse, etc.), Tasks (Tagging, Summarization, etc.), Approaches (unsupervised, supervised, etc.), Languages (English, Chinese,etc.) and Dataset types (news, clinical notes, etc.). Some of the novel features include a list of young popular authors, popular URLs, and datasets, a list of topically diverse papers and recent popular papers. Also, it provides temporal statistics such as yearwise popularity of topics, datasets, and seminal papers. To facilitate future research and system development, we make all the processed datasets accessible through API calls. The current system is available at http://lingo.iitgn.ac.in:5001, Comment: 42nd European Conference on Information Retrieval Research, ECIR 2020

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The purpose of this project was to work with the property owners and other stakeholders to identify possible new uses for the former Texaco site located at 3051 4th Avenue in St. Paul, and the “pink building” located at 16557 Broad Street and then to create a conceptual redevelopment plan for the property. The property is located in an ideal location for a new use and is within a block of several business and downtown attractions. Some of these include the newly renovated Western Front Hotel, the Clinch River Farmers Market, restaurants, the Sugar Hill Brewing Company, an upcoming theater, outfitters, Bluebell Island Nature Trail, and access to the Clinch River. The Clinch River is widely recognized as one of the most biologically diverse waterways in North American.

Automated story generation is the problem of automatically selecting a sequence of events, actions, or words that can be told as a story. We seek to develop a system that can generate stories by learning everything it needs to know from textual story corpora. To date, recurrent neural networks that learn language models at character, word, or sentence levels have had little success generating coherent stories. We explore the question of event representations that provide a mid-level of abstraction between words and sentences in order to retain the semantic information of the original data while minimizing event sparsity. We present a technique for preprocessing textual story data into event sequences. We then present a technique for automated story generation whereby we decompose the problem into the generation of successive events (event2event) and the generation of natural language sentences from events (event2sentence). We give empirical results comparing different event representations and their effects on event successor generation and the translation of events to natural language., Comment: Submitted to AAAI'18