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9 results on '"Simmons, Nancy B."'

1. Specimen collection is essential for modern science

Author

Nachman, Michael W., Beckman, Elizabeth J., Bowie, Rauri C. K., Cicero, Carla, Conroy, Chris J., Dudley, Robert, Hayes, Tyrone B., Koo, Michelle S., Lacey, Eileen A., Martin, Christopher H., McGuire, Jimmy A., Patton, James L., Spencer, Carol L., Tarvin, Rebecca D., Wake, Marvalee H., Wang, Ian J., Achmadi, Anang, Álvarez-Castañeda, Sergio Ticul, Andersen, Michael J., Arroyave, Jairo, Austin, Christopher C., Barker, F. Keith, Barrow, Lisa N., Barrowclough, George F., Bates, John, Bauer, Aaron M., Bell, Kayce C., Bell, Rayna C., Bronson, Allison W., Brown, Rafe M., Burbrink, Frank T., Burns, Kevin J., Cadena, Carlos Daniel, Cannatella, David C., Castoe, Todd A., Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Colella, Jocelyn P., Cook, Joseph A., Cracraft, Joel L., Davis, Drew R., Rabosky, Alison R. Davis, D'Elía, Guillermo, Dumbacher, John P., Dunnum, Jonathan L., Edwards, Scott V., Esselstyn, Jacob A., Faivovich, Julián, Fjeldså, Jon, Flores-Villela, Oscar A., Ford, Kassandra, Fuchs, Jérôme, Fujita, Matthew K., Good, Jeffrey M., Greenbaum, Eli, Greene, Harry W., Hackett, Shannon, Hamidy, Amir, Hanken, James, Haryoko, Tri, Hawkins, Melissa T.R., Heaney, Lawrence R., Hillis, David M., Hollingsworth, Bradford D., Hornsby, Angela D., Hosner, Peter A., Irham, Mohammad, Jansa, Sharon, Jiménez, Rosa Alicia, Joseph, Leo, Kirchman, Jeremy J., LaDuc, Travis J., Leaché, Adam D., Lessa, Enrique P., López-Fernández, Hernán, Mason, Nicholas A., McCormack, John E., McMahan, Caleb D., Moyle, Robert G., Ojeda, Ricardo A., Olson, Link E., Onn, Chan Kin, Parenti, Lynne R., Parra-Olea, Gabriela, Patterson, Bruce D., Pauly, Gregory B., Pavan, Silvia E., Peterson, A. Townsend, Poe, Steven, Rabosky, Daniel L., Raxworthy, Christopher J., Reddy, Sushma, Rico-Guevara, Alejandro, Riyanto, Awal, Rocha, Luiz A., Ron, Santiago R., Rovito, Sean M., Rowe, Kevin C., Rowley, Jodi, Ruane, Sara, Salazar-Valenzuela, David, Shultz, Allison J., Sidlauskas, Brian, Sikes, Derek S., Simmons, Nancy B., Stiassny, Melanie L. J., Streicher, Jeffrey W., Stuart, Bryan L., Summers, Adam P., Tavera, Jose, Teta, Pablo, Thompson, Cody W., Timm, Robert M., Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Voelker, Gary, Voss, Robert S., Winker, Kevin, Witt, Christopher, Wommack, Elizabeth A., Zink, Robert M., Nachman, Michael W., Beckman, Elizabeth J., Bowie, Rauri C. K., Cicero, Carla, Conroy, Chris J., Dudley, Robert, Hayes, Tyrone B., Koo, Michelle S., Lacey, Eileen A., Martin, Christopher H., McGuire, Jimmy A., Patton, James L., Spencer, Carol L., Tarvin, Rebecca D., Wake, Marvalee H., Wang, Ian J., Achmadi, Anang, Álvarez-Castañeda, Sergio Ticul, Andersen, Michael J., Arroyave, Jairo, Austin, Christopher C., Barker, F. Keith, Barrow, Lisa N., Barrowclough, George F., Bates, John, Bauer, Aaron M., Bell, Kayce C., Bell, Rayna C., Bronson, Allison W., Brown, Rafe M., Burbrink, Frank T., Burns, Kevin J., Cadena, Carlos Daniel, Cannatella, David C., Castoe, Todd A., Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Colella, Jocelyn P., Cook, Joseph A., Cracraft, Joel L., Davis, Drew R., Rabosky, Alison R. Davis, D'Elía, Guillermo, Dumbacher, John P., Dunnum, Jonathan L., Edwards, Scott V., Esselstyn, Jacob A., Faivovich, Julián, Fjeldså, Jon, Flores-Villela, Oscar A., Ford, Kassandra, Fuchs, Jérôme, Fujita, Matthew K., Good, Jeffrey M., Greenbaum, Eli, Greene, Harry W., Hackett, Shannon, Hamidy, Amir, Hanken, James, Haryoko, Tri, Hawkins, Melissa T.R., Heaney, Lawrence R., Hillis, David M., Hollingsworth, Bradford D., Hornsby, Angela D., Hosner, Peter A., Irham, Mohammad, Jansa, Sharon, Jiménez, Rosa Alicia, Joseph, Leo, Kirchman, Jeremy J., LaDuc, Travis J., Leaché, Adam D., Lessa, Enrique P., López-Fernández, Hernán, Mason, Nicholas A., McCormack, John E., McMahan, Caleb D., Moyle, Robert G., Ojeda, Ricardo A., Olson, Link E., Onn, Chan Kin, Parenti, Lynne R., Parra-Olea, Gabriela, Patterson, Bruce D., Pauly, Gregory B., Pavan, Silvia E., Peterson, A. Townsend, Poe, Steven, Rabosky, Daniel L., Raxworthy, Christopher J., Reddy, Sushma, Rico-Guevara, Alejandro, Riyanto, Awal, Rocha, Luiz A., Ron, Santiago R., Rovito, Sean M., Rowe, Kevin C., Rowley, Jodi, Ruane, Sara, Salazar-Valenzuela, David, Shultz, Allison J., Sidlauskas, Brian, Sikes, Derek S., Simmons, Nancy B., Stiassny, Melanie L. J., Streicher, Jeffrey W., Stuart, Bryan L., Summers, Adam P., Tavera, Jose, Teta, Pablo, Thompson, Cody W., Timm, Robert M., Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Voelker, Gary, Voss, Robert S., Winker, Kevin, Witt, Christopher, Wommack, Elizabeth A., and Zink, Robert M.

Published
2023

2. Brazilian cave heritage under siege

Author

Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, Bernard, Enrico, da Cruz Júnior, Francisco William, Piló, Luis Beethoven, Calux, Allan, Souza-Silva, Marconi, Barlow, Jos, Pompeu, Paulo S., Cardoso, Pedro, Mammola, Stefano, García, Alejandro Martínez, Jeffery, William R., Shear, William, Medellín, Rodrigo A., Wynne, J. Judson, Borges, Paulo A. V., Kamimura, Yoshitaka, Pipan, Tanja, Hajna, Nadja Zupan, Sendra, Alberto, Peck, Stewart, Onac, Bogdan P., Culver, David C., Hoch, Hannelore, Flot, Jean-François, Stoch, Fabio, Pavlek, Martina, Niemiller, Matthew L., Manchi, Shirish, Deharveng, Louis, Fenolio, Danté, Calaforra, José-María, Yager, Jill, Griebler, Christian, Nader, Fadi Henri, Humphreys, William F., Hughes, Alice C., Fenton, Brock, Forti, Paolo, Sauro, Francesco, Veni, George, Frumkin, Amos, Gavish-Regev, Efrat, Fišer, Cene, Trontelj, Peter, Zagmajster, Maja, Delic, Teo, Galassi, Diana M. P., Vaccarelli, Ilaria, Komnenov, Marjan, Gainett, Guilherme, da Cunha Tavares, Valeria, Kováč, Ľubomír, Miller, Ana Z., Yoshizawa, Kazunori, Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, Moldovan, Oana T., Sánchez-Fernández, David, Moutaouakil, Soumia, Howarth, Francis, Bilandžija, Helena, Dražina, Tvrtko, Kuharić, Nikolina, Butorac, Valerija, Lienhard, Charles, Cooper, Steve J. B., Eme, David, Strauss, André Menezes, Saccò, Mattia, Zhao, Yahui, Williams, Paul, Tian, Mingyi, Tanalgo, Krizler, Woo, Kyung-Sik, Barjakovic, Miran, McCracken, Gary F., Simmons, Nancy B, Racey, Paul A., Ford, Derek, Labegalini, José Ayrton, Colzato, Nivaldo, Ramos Pereira, Maria João, Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S., Moratelli, Ricardo, Du Preez, Gerhard, Pérez-González, Abel, Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., Gunn, John, Mc Cartney, Ann, Bobrowiec, Paulo E. D., Milko, Dmitry, Kinuthia, Wanja, Fischer, Erich, Meierhofer, Melissa B., Frick, Winifred F, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, Bernard, Enrico, da Cruz Júnior, Francisco William, Piló, Luis Beethoven, Calux, Allan, Souza-Silva, Marconi, Barlow, Jos, Pompeu, Paulo S., Cardoso, Pedro, Mammola, Stefano, García, Alejandro Martínez, Jeffery, William R., Shear, William, Medellín, Rodrigo A., Wynne, J. Judson, Borges, Paulo A. V., Kamimura, Yoshitaka, Pipan, Tanja, Hajna, Nadja Zupan, Sendra, Alberto, Peck, Stewart, Onac, Bogdan P., Culver, David C., Hoch, Hannelore, Flot, Jean-François, Stoch, Fabio, Pavlek, Martina, Niemiller, Matthew L., Manchi, Shirish, Deharveng, Louis, Fenolio, Danté, Calaforra, José-María, Yager, Jill, Griebler, Christian, Nader, Fadi Henri, Humphreys, William F., Hughes, Alice C., Fenton, Brock, Forti, Paolo, Sauro, Francesco, Veni, George, Frumkin, Amos, Gavish-Regev, Efrat, Fišer, Cene, Trontelj, Peter, Zagmajster, Maja, Delic, Teo, Galassi, Diana M. P., Vaccarelli, Ilaria, Komnenov, Marjan, Gainett, Guilherme, da Cunha Tavares, Valeria, Kováč, Ľubomír, Miller, Ana Z., Yoshizawa, Kazunori, Di Lorenzo, Tiziana, Moldovan, Oana T., Sánchez-Fernández, David, Moutaouakil, Soumia, Howarth, Francis, Bilandžija, Helena, Dražina, Tvrtko, Kuharić, Nikolina, Butorac, Valerija, Lienhard, Charles, Cooper, Steve J. B., Eme, David, Strauss, André Menezes, Saccò, Mattia, Zhao, Yahui, Williams, Paul, Tian, Mingyi, Tanalgo, Krizler, Woo, Kyung-Sik, Barjakovic, Miran, McCracken, Gary F., Simmons, Nancy B, Racey, Paul A., Ford, Derek, Labegalini, José Ayrton, Colzato, Nivaldo, Ramos Pereira, Maria João, Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S., Moratelli, Ricardo, Du Preez, Gerhard, Pérez-González, Abel, Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., Gunn, John, Mc Cartney, Ann, Bobrowiec, Paulo E. D., Milko, Dmitry, Kinuthia, Wanja, Fischer, Erich, Meierhofer, Melissa B., and Frick, Winifred F

Published
2022

3. Ecological constraints on highly evolvable olfactory receptor genes and morphology in neotropical bats.

Author

Yohe, Laurel R, Yohe, Laurel R, Fabbri, Matteo, Lee, Daniela, Davies, Kalina TJ, Yohe, Thomas P, Sánchez, Miluska KR, Rengifo, Edgardo M, Hall, Ronald P, Mutumi, Gregory, Hedrick, Brandon P, Sadier, Alexa, Simmons, Nancy B, Sears, Karen E, Dumont, Elizabeth, Rossiter, Stephen J, Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S, Dávalos, Liliana M, Yohe, Laurel R, Yohe, Laurel R, Fabbri, Matteo, Lee, Daniela, Davies, Kalina TJ, Yohe, Thomas P, Sánchez, Miluska KR, Rengifo, Edgardo M, Hall, Ronald P, Mutumi, Gregory, Hedrick, Brandon P, Sadier, Alexa, Simmons, Nancy B, Sears, Karen E, Dumont, Elizabeth, Rossiter, Stephen J, Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S, and Dávalos, Liliana M

Abstract

Although evolvability of genes and traits may promote specialization during species diversification, how ecology subsequently restricts such variation remains unclear. Chemosensation requires animals to decipher a complex chemical background to locate fitness-related resources, and thus the underlying genomic architecture and morphology must cope with constant exposure to a changing odorant landscape; detecting adaptation amidst extensive chemosensory diversity is an open challenge. In phyllostomid bats, an ecologically diverse clade that evolved plant visiting from a presumed insectivorous ancestor, the evolution of novel food detection mechanisms is suggested to be a key innovation, as plant-visiting species rely strongly on olfaction, supplementarily using echolocation. If this is true, exceptional variation in underlying olfactory genes and phenotypes may have preceded dietary diversification. We compared olfactory receptor (OR) genes sequenced from olfactory epithelium transcriptomes and olfactory epithelium surface area of bats with differing diets. Surprisingly, although OR evolution rates were quite variable and generally high, they are largely independent of diet. Olfactory epithelial surface area, however, is relatively larger in plant-visiting bats and there is an inverse relationship between OR evolution rates and surface area. Relatively larger surface areas suggest greater reliance on olfactory detection and stronger constraint on maintaining an already diverse OR repertoire. Instead of the typical case in which specialization and elaboration are coupled with rapid diversification of associated genes, here the relevant genes are already evolving so quickly that increased reliance on smell has led to stabilizing selection, presumably to maintain the ability to consistently discriminate among specific odorants-a potential ecological constraint on sensory evolution.

Published
2022

4. Attenuated evolution of mammals through the Cenozoic

Author

Goswami, Anjali, Noirault, Eve, Coombs, Ellen J, Clavel, Julien, Fabre, Anne-Claire, Halliday, Thomas JD, Churchill, Morgan, Curtis, Abigail, Watanabe, Akinobu, Simmons, Nancy B, Beatty, Brian L, Geisler, Jonathan H, Fox, David L, Felice, Ryan N, Goswami, Anjali, Noirault, Eve, Coombs, Ellen J, Clavel, Julien, Fabre, Anne-Claire, Halliday, Thomas JD, Churchill, Morgan, Curtis, Abigail, Watanabe, Akinobu, Simmons, Nancy B, Beatty, Brian L, Geisler, Jonathan H, Fox, David L, and Felice, Ryan N

Abstract

The Cenozoic diversification of placental mammals is the archetypal adaptive radiation. Yet, discrepancies between molecular divergence estimates and the fossil record fuel ongoing debate around the timing, tempo, and drivers of this radiation. Analysis of a three-dimensional skull dataset for living and extinct placental mammals demonstrates that evolutionary rates peak early and attenuate quickly. This long-term decline in tempo is punctuated by bursts of innovation that decreased in amplitude over the past 66 million years. Social, precocial, aquatic, and herbivorous species evolve fastest, especially whales, elephants, sirenians, and extinct ungulates. Slow rates in rodents and bats indicate dissociation of taxonomic and morphological diversification. Frustratingly, highly similar ancestral shape estimates for placental mammal superorders suggest that their earliest representatives may continue to elude unequivocal identification.

Published
2022

5. Habitat fragmentation is associated with dietary shifts and microbiota variability in common vampire bats

Author

Ingala, Melissa R., Becker, Daniel J., Holm, Jacob Bak, Kristiansen, Karsten, Simmons, Nancy B., Ingala, Melissa R., Becker, Daniel J., Holm, Jacob Bak, Kristiansen, Karsten, and Simmons, Nancy B.

Abstract

Host ecological factors and external environmental factors are known to influence the structure of gut microbial communities, but few studies have examined the impacts of environmental changes on microbiotas in free-ranging animals. Rapid land-use change has the potential to shift gut microbial communities in wildlife through exposure to novel bacteria and/or by changing the availability or quality of local food resources. The consequences of such changes to host health and fitness remain unknown and may have important implications for pathogen spillover between humans and wildlife. To better understand the consequences of land-use change on wildlife microbiotas, we analyzed long-term dietary trends, gut microbiota composition, and innate immune function in common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in two nearby sites in Belize that vary in landscape structure. We found that vampire bats living in a small forest fragment had more homogenous diets indicative of feeding on livestock and shifts in microbiota heterogeneity, but not overall composition, compared to those living in an intact forest reserve. We also found that irrespective of sampling site, vampire bats which consumed relatively more livestock showed shifts in some core bacteria compared with vampire bats which consumed relatively less livestock. The relative abundance of some core microbiota members was associated with innate immune function, suggesting that future research should consider the role of the host microbiota in immune defense and its relationship to zoonotic infection dynamics. We suggest that subsequent homogenization of diet and habitat loss through livestock rearing in the Neotropics may lead to disruption to the microbiota that could have downstream impacts on host immunity and cross-species pathogen transmission.

Published
2019

6. Fossil lemurs from Egypt and Kenya suggest an African origin for Madagascar's aye-aye.

Author

Gunnell, Gregg F, Gunnell, Gregg F, Boyer, Doug M, Friscia, Anthony R, Heritage, Steven, Manthi, Fredrick Kyalo, Miller, Ellen R, Sallam, Hesham M, Simmons, Nancy B, Stevens, Nancy J, Seiffert, Erik R, Gunnell, Gregg F, Gunnell, Gregg F, Boyer, Doug M, Friscia, Anthony R, Heritage, Steven, Manthi, Fredrick Kyalo, Miller, Ellen R, Sallam, Hesham M, Simmons, Nancy B, Stevens, Nancy J, and Seiffert, Erik R

Abstract

In 1967 G.G. Simpson described three partial mandibles from early Miocene deposits in Kenya that he interpreted as belonging to a new strepsirrhine primate, Propotto. This interpretation was quickly challenged, with the assertion that Propotto was not a primate, but rather a pteropodid fruit bat. The latter interpretation has not been questioned for almost half a century. Here we re-evaluate the affinities of Propotto, drawing upon diverse lines of evidence to establish that this strange mammal is a strepsirrhine primate as originally suggested by Simpson. Moreover, our phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of Propotto, together with late Eocene Plesiopithecus from Egypt, as African stem chiromyiform lemurs that are exclusively related to the extant aye-aye (Daubentonia) from Madagascar. Our results challenge the long-held view that all lemurs are descended from a single ancient colonization of Madagascar, and present an intriguing alternative scenario in which two lemur lineages dispersed from Africa to Madagascar independently, possibly during the later Cenozoic.

Published
2018

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