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Gero eta arreta gehiago eskaintzen ari zaio klima-aldaketari. Gizakion jardueraren eraginez Lurraren tenperatura igotzen ari da. Berotegi-efektuko gasen artean karbono dioxidoa (CO2) ugariena da, eta energia-iturri fosilen errekuntzan du jato- rri antropogeniko nagusia. CO2-ak denbora luzez irauten du atmosferan, eta ondorioz, beharrezkoa da haren isurketak murriztea. Helburu hori betetzeko, karbono dioxidoaren bahiketa- eta biltegiratze-teknologia (CCS teknologia) erabil daiteke. Horretan, lehenengo pausoa, ekoitzitako CO2-a bahitzea da, atmosferara isuri aurretik. Ondoren, garraiatu eta formazio geologikoetan (akuifero gazi sakonetan, edota petrolio- edo gas-gordailuetan) biltegiratzen da. CCS teknologiak erregai fosilen erabilera jarraitua ahalbidetzen du, CO2-aren atmosferarako isurketak murrizten dituen bitartean. Hala ere, baditu zenbait arazo, hala nola, inbertsio ekonomiko eta energia-beharrizan handiak, epe luzerako biltegiratzea iraunkorra dela egiaztatu beharra, biztanleriaren erresistentzia, eta biltegiratzeko lekuen falta herrialde batzuetan.; Climate change has aroused great interest in the last decades, since human activity is raising Earth’s temperature. Among the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant, and has in the combustion of fossil energy sources its prevailing anthropogenic origin. CO2 lasts for long periods of time in the atmosphere, and therefore, limiting its emissions is a major objective. In light of this perspective, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology can be used. For this purp ose, the produced CO2 needs to be captured before dumping it to the atmosphere, and then transported and stored in geological formations (deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs). CCS technologies enable the continued use of fossil fuels while reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. However, this technology has some drawbacks such as: high investment costs and energy requirements, long term permanent storage

Gero eta arreta gehiago eskaintzen ari zaio klima-aldaketari. Gizakion jardueraren eraginez Lurraren tenperatura igotzen ari da. Berotegi-efektuko gasen artean karbono dioxidoa (CO2) ugariena da, eta energia-iturri fosilen errekuntzan du jato- rri antropogeniko nagusia. CO2-ak denbora luzez irauten du atmosferan, eta ondorioz, beharrezkoa da haren isurketak murriztea. Helburu hori betetzeko, karbono dioxidoaren bahiketa- eta biltegiratze-teknologia (CCS teknologia) erabil daiteke. Horretan, lehenengo pausoa, ekoitzitako CO2-a bahitzea da, atmosferara isuri aurretik. Ondoren, garraiatu eta formazio geologikoetan (akuifero gazi sakonetan, edota petrolio- edo gas-gordailuetan) biltegiratzen da. CCS teknologiak erregai fosilen erabilera jarraitua ahalbidetzen du, CO2-aren atmosferarako isurketak murrizten dituen bitartean. Hala ere, baditu zenbait arazo, hala nola, inbertsio ekonomiko eta energia-beharrizan handiak, epe luzerako biltegiratzea iraunkorra dela egiaztatu beharra, biztanleriaren erresistentzia, eta biltegiratzeko lekuen falta herrialde batzuetan.; Climate change has aroused great interest in the last decades, since human activity is raising Earth’s temperature. Among the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant, and has in the combustion of fossil energy sources its prevailing anthropogenic origin. CO2 lasts for long periods of time in the atmosphere, and therefore, limiting its emissions is a major objective. In light of this perspective, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology can be used. For this purp ose, the produced CO2 needs to be captured before dumping it to the atmosphere, and then transported and stored in geological formations (deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs). CCS technologies enable the continued use of fossil fuels while reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. However, this technology has some drawbacks such as: high investment costs and energy requirements, long term permanent storage

Gero eta arreta gehiago eskaintzen ari zaio klima-aldaketari. Gizakion jardueraren eraginez Lurraren tenperatura igotzen ari da. Berotegi-efektuko gasen artean karbono dioxidoa (CO2) ugariena da, eta energia-iturri fosilen errekuntzan du jato- rri antropogeniko nagusia. CO2-ak denbora luzez irauten du atmosferan, eta ondorioz, beharrezkoa da haren isurketak murriztea. Helburu hori betetzeko, karbono dioxidoaren bahiketa- eta biltegiratze-teknologia (CCS teknologia) erabil daiteke. Horretan, lehenengo pausoa, ekoitzitako CO2-a bahitzea da, atmosferara isuri aurretik. Ondoren, garraiatu eta formazio geologikoetan (akuifero gazi sakonetan, edota petrolio- edo gas-gordailuetan) biltegiratzen da. CCS teknologiak erregai fosilen erabilera jarraitua ahalbidetzen du, CO2-aren atmosferarako isurketak murrizten dituen bitartean. Hala ere, baditu zenbait arazo, hala nola, inbertsio ekonomiko eta energia-beharrizan handiak, epe luzerako biltegiratzea iraunkorra dela egiaztatu beharra, biztanleriaren erresistentzia, eta biltegiratzeko lekuen falta herrialde batzuetan.; Climate change has aroused great interest in the last decades, since human activity is raising Earth’s temperature. Among the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant, and has in the combustion of fossil energy sources its prevailing anthropogenic origin. CO2 lasts for long periods of time in the atmosphere, and therefore, limiting its emissions is a major objective. In light of this perspective, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology can be used. For this purp ose, the produced CO2 needs to be captured before dumping it to the atmosphere, and then transported and stored in geological formations (deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs). CCS technologies enable the continued use of fossil fuels while reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. However, this technology has some drawbacks such as: high investment costs and energy requirements, long term permanent storage

This paper presents a detailed genetic study of Castanea sativa in El Bierzo, a major nut production region with interesting features. It is located within a glacial refuge at one extreme of the distribution area (northwest Spain); it has a centenary tradition of chestnut management; and more importantly, it shows an unusual degree of genetic isolation. Seven nuclear microsatellite markers were selected to analyze the genetic variability and structure of 169 local trees grafted for nut production. We analyzed in the same manner 62 local nuts. The selected loci were highly discriminant for the genotypes studied, giving a combined probability of identity of 6.1 × 10−6. An unprecedented density of trees was sampled for this project over the entire region, and nuts were collected representing 18 cultivars marketed by local producers. Several instances of misclassification by local growers were detected. Fixation index estimates and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) data are supportive of an unexpectedly high level of genetic differentiation in El Bierzo, larger than that estimated in a previous study with broader geographical scope but based on limited local sampling (Pereira-Lorenzo et al., Tree Genet Genomes 6: 701–715, 2010a). Likewise, we have determined that clonality due to grafting had been previously overestimated. In line with these observations, no significant spatial structure was found using both a model-based Bayesian procedure and Mantel’s tests. Taken together, our results evidence the need for more fine-scale genetic studies if conservation strategies are to be efficiently improved.

This paper presents a detailed genetic study of Castanea sativa in El Bierzo, a major nut production region with interesting features. It is located within a glacial refuge at one extreme of the distribution area (northwest Spain); it has a centenary tradition of chestnut management; and more importantly, it shows an unusual degree of genetic isolation. Seven nuclear microsatellite markers were selected to analyze the genetic variability and structure of 169 local trees grafted for nut production. We analyzed in the same manner 62 local nuts. The selected loci were highly discriminant for the genotypes studied, giving a combined probability of identity of 6.1 × 10−6. An unprecedented density of trees was sampled for this project over the entire region, and nuts were collected representing 18 cultivars marketed by local producers. Several instances of misclassification by local growers were detected. Fixation index estimates and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) data are supportive of an unexpectedly high level of genetic differentiation in El Bierzo, larger than that estimated in a previous study with broader geographical scope but based on limited local sampling (Pereira-Lorenzo et al., Tree Genet Genomes 6: 701–715, 2010a). Likewise, we have determined that clonality due to grafting had been previously overestimated. In line with these observations, no significant spatial structure was found using both a model-based Bayesian procedure and Mantel’s tests. Taken together, our results evidence the need for more fine-scale genetic studies if conservation strategies are to be efficiently improved.