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Item does not contain fulltext, The complexity of homeless service users' characteristics and the contextual challenges faced by services can make the experience of working with people in homelessness stressful and can put providers' well-being at risk. In the current study, we investigated the association between service characteristics (i.e., the availability of training and supervision and the capability-fostering approach) and social service providers' work engagement and burnout. The study involved 497 social service providers working in homeless services in eight different European countries (62% women; mean age = 40.73, SD = 10.45) and was part of the Horizon 2020 European study "Homelessness as Unfairness (HOME_EU)." Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), findings showed that the availability of training and supervision were positively associated with providers' work engagement and negatively associated with burnout. However, results varied based on the perceived usefulness of the training and supervision provided within the service and the specific outcome considered. The most consistent finding was the association between the degree to which a service promotes users' capabilities and all the aspects of providers' well-being analyzed. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for how configuration of homeless services can promote social service providers' well-being and high-quality care.

Contains fulltext : 232434.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), The complexity of homeless service users' characteristics and the contextual challenges faced by services can make the experience of working with people in homelessness stressful and can put providers' well-being at risk. In the current study, we investigated the association between service characteristics (i.e., the availability of training and supervision and the capability-fostering approach) and social service providers' work engagement and burnout. The study involved 497 social service providers working in homeless services in eight different European countries (62% women; mean age = 40.73, SD = 10.45) and was part of the Horizon 2020 European study "Homelessness as Unfairness (HOME_EU)." Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), findings showed that the availability of training and supervision were positively associated with providers' work engagement and negatively associated with burnout. However, results varied based on the perceived usefulness of the training and supervision provided within the service and the specific outcome considered. The most consistent finding was the association between the degree to which a service promotes users' capabilities and all the aspects of providers' well-being analyzed. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for how configuration of homeless services can promote social service providers' well-being and high-quality care.

Contains fulltext : 207157.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), The implementation and adaptation of the Housing First (HF) model represented profound changes the structure and delivery, goals, and principles of homeless services. These features of homeless services directly influence providers, their work performance and the clients' outcomes. The present research, conducted in eight European countries, investigated how social providers working in HF or TS (Traditional Staircase) describe and conceptualize the goals and the principles of their services. Data were collected through 29 focus group discussions involving 121 providers. The results showed that HF and TS had similar and different goals for their clients in the following areas: support, social integration, satisfaction of needs, housing, and well-being. HF providers emphasized clients' autonomy and ability to determine their personal goals, with housing being considered a start on the path of recovery, while TS were more focused on individual clients' basic needs with respect to food, health and finding temporary accommodations. HF providers privileged the person-centered approach and housing as a right, while TS providers were more focused on helping everyone. Implications of the results are discussed as suggestions both for practice and for research.

Contains fulltext : 207157.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), The implementation and adaptation of the Housing First (HF) model represented profound changes the structure and delivery, goals, and principles of homeless services. These features of homeless services directly influence providers, their work performance and the clients' outcomes. The present research, conducted in eight European countries, investigated how social providers working in HF or TS (Traditional Staircase) describe and conceptualize the goals and the principles of their services. Data were collected through 29 focus group discussions involving 121 providers. The results showed that HF and TS had similar and different goals for their clients in the following areas: support, social integration, satisfaction of needs, housing, and well-being. HF providers emphasized clients' autonomy and ability to determine their personal goals, with housing being considered a start on the path of recovery, while TS were more focused on individual clients' basic needs with respect to food, health and finding temporary accommodations. HF providers privileged the person-centered approach and housing as a right, while TS providers were more focused on helping everyone. Implications of the results are discussed as suggestions both for practice and for research.

Contains fulltext : 207157.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The implementation and adaptation of the Housing First (HF) model represented profound changes the structure and delivery, goals, and principles of homeless services. These features of homeless services directly influence providers, their work performance and the clients' outcomes. The present research, conducted in eight European countries, investigated how social providers working in HF or TS (Traditional Staircase) describe and conceptualize the goals and the principles of their services. Data were collected through 29 focus group discussions involving 121 providers. The results showed that HF and TS had similar and different goals for their clients in the following areas: support, social integration, satisfaction of needs, housing, and well-being. HF providers emphasized clients' autonomy and ability to determine their personal goals, with housing being considered a start on the path of recovery, while TS were more focused on individual clients' basic needs with respect to food, health and finding temporary accommodations. HF providers privileged the person-centered approach and housing as a right, while TS providers were more focused on helping everyone. Implications of the results are discussed as suggestions both for practice and for research.

Dark sectors, consisting of new, light, weakly-coupled particles that do not interact with the known strong, weak, or electromagnetic forces, are a particularly compelling possibility for new physics. Nature may contain numerous dark sectors, each with their own beautiful structure, distinct particles, and forces. This review summarizes the physics motivation for dark sectors and the exciting opportunities for experimental exploration. It is the summary of the Intensity Frontier subgroup "New, Light, Weakly-coupled Particles" of the Community Summer Study 2013 (Snowmass). We discuss axions, which solve the strong CP problem and are an excellent dark matter candidate, and their generalization to axion-like particles. We also review dark photons and other dark-sector particles, including sub-GeV dark matter, which are theoretically natural, provide for dark matter candidates or new dark matter interactions, and could resolve outstanding puzzles in particle and astro-particle physics. In many cases, the exploration of dark sectors can proceed with existing facilities and comparatively modest experiments. A rich, diverse, and low-cost experimental program has been identified that has the potential for one or more game-changing discoveries. These physics opportunities should be vigorously pursued in the US and elsewhere., Comment: Report of the Community Summer Study 2013 (Snowmass) Intensity Frontier New, Light, Weakly-Coupled Particles subgroup

Dark sectors, consisting of new, light, weakly-coupled particles that do not interact with the known strong, weak, or electromagnetic forces, are a particularly compelling possibility for new physics. Nature may contain numerous dark sectors, each with their own beautiful structure, distinct particles, and forces. This review summarizes the physics motivation for dark sectors and the exciting opportunities for experimental exploration. It is the summary of the Intensity Frontier subgroup "New, Light, Weakly-coupled Particles" of the Community Summer Study 2013 (Snowmass). We discuss axions, which solve the strong CP problem and are an excellent dark matter candidate, and their generalization to axion-like particles. We also review dark photons and other dark-sector particles, including sub-GeV dark matter, which are theoretically natural, provide for dark matter candidates or new dark matter interactions, and could resolve outstanding puzzles in particle and astro-particle physics. In many cases, the exploration of dark sectors can proceed with existing facilities and comparatively modest experiments. A rich, diverse, and low-cost experimental program has been identified that has the potential for one or more game-changing discoveries. These physics opportunities should be vigorously pursued in the US and elsewhere., Comment: Report of the Community Summer Study 2013 (Snowmass) Intensity Frontier New, Light, Weakly-Coupled Particles subgroup

Dark sectors, consisting of new, light, weakly-coupled particles that do not interact with the known strong, weak, or electromagnetic forces, are a particularly compelling possibility for new physics. Nature may contain numerous dark sectors, each with their own beautiful structure, distinct particles, and forces. This review summarizes the physics motivation for dark sectors and the exciting opportunities for experimental exploration. It is the summary of the Intensity Frontier subgroup "New, Light, Weakly-coupled Particles" of the Community Summer Study 2013 (Snowmass). We discuss axions, which solve the strong CP problem and are an excellent dark matter candidate, and their generalization to axion-like particles. We also review dark photons and other dark-sector particles, including sub-GeV dark matter, which are theoretically natural, provide for dark matter candidates or new dark matter interactions, and could resolve outstanding puzzles in particle and astro-particle physics. In many cases, the exploration of dark sectors can proceed with existing facilities and comparatively modest experiments. A rich, diverse, and low-cost experimental program has been identified that has the potential for one or more game-changing discoveries. These physics opportunities should be vigorously pursued in the US and elsewhere., Comment: Report of the Community Summer Study 2013 (Snowmass) Intensity Frontier New, Light, Weakly-Coupled Particles subgroup

We give a short overview of the DarkLight detector concept which is designed to search for a heavy photon A' with a mass in the range 10 MeV/c^2 < m(A') < 90 MeV/c^2 and which decays to lepton pairs. We describe the intended operating environment, the Jefferson Laboratory free electon laser, and a way to extend DarkLight's reach using A' --> invisible decays., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, contributed to the Community Summer Study 2013 "Snowmass on the Mississippi" in the New, Light, Weakly Coupled Particles (NLWCP) subgroup of the Intensity Frontier

We report on the first results of a sensitive search for scalar coupling of photons to a light neutral boson in the mass range of approximately 1.0 milli-electron volts and coupling strength greater than 10$^-6$ GeV$^-1$ using optical photons. This was a photon regeneration experiment using the "light shining through a wall" technique in which laser light was passed through a strong magnetic field upstream of an optical beam dump; regenerated laser light was then searched for downstream of a second magnetic field region optically shielded from the former. Our results show no evidence for scalar coupling in this region of parameter space., Comment: pdf-file, 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters

We report on the first results of a search for optical-wavelength photons mixing with hypothetical hidden-sector paraphotons in the mass range between 10^-5 and 10^-2 electron volts for a mixing parameter greater than 10^-7. This was a generation-regeneration experiment using the "light shining through a wall" technique in which regenerated photons are searched for downstream of an optical barrier that separates it from an upstream generation region. The new limits presented here are approximately three times more sensitive to this mixing than the best previous measurement. The present results indicate no evidence for photon-paraphoton mixing for the range of parameters investigated., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

We report on the first results of a sensitive search for scalar coupling of photons to a light neutral boson in the mass range of approximately 1.0 milli-electron volts and coupling strength greater than 10$^-6$ GeV$^-1$ using optical photons. This was a photon regeneration experiment using the "light shining through a wall" technique in which laser light was passed through a strong magnetic field upstream of an optical beam dump; regenerated laser light was then searched for downstream of a second magnetic field region optically shielded from the former. Our results show no evidence for scalar coupling in this region of parameter space., Comment: pdf-file, 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters

We report experiments at Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jlab) and computer simulations performed at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) designed to probe the small Rayleigh length regime. We compare the gain, power, and sensitivity to mirror and electron beam misalignments as a function of decreasing Rayleigh length. The agreement is quite good, with experiments and simulations showing comparable trends as the Rayleigh length is decreased. In particular, we find that the gain and power do not decrease substantially at short Rayleigh length, contrary to a common Gaussian-mode filling factor argument. Within currently achievable alignment tolerances, the gain and power are still acceptable for FEL operation.

We report on the first results of a sensitive search for scalar coupling of photons to a light neutral boson in the mass range of approximately 1.0 milli-electron volts and coupling strength greater than 10$^-6$ GeV$^-1$ using optical photons. This was a photon regeneration experiment using the "light shining through a wall" technique in which laser light was passed through a strong magnetic field upstream of an optical beam dump; regenerated laser light was then searched for downstream of a second magnetic field region optically shielded from the former. Our results show no evidence for scalar coupling in this region of parameter space., Comment: pdf-file, 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters

We report on the first results of a search for optical-wavelength photons mixing with hypothetical hidden-sector paraphotons in the mass range between 10^-5 and 10^-2 electron volts for a mixing parameter greater than 10^-7. This was a generation-regeneration experiment using the "light shining through a wall" technique in which regenerated photons are searched for downstream of an optical barrier that separates it from an upstream generation region. The new limits presented here are approximately three times more sensitive to this mixing than the best previous measurement. The present results indicate no evidence for photon-paraphoton mixing for the range of parameters investigated., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

We report on the first results of a sensitive search for scalar coupling of photons to a light neutral boson in the mass range of approximately 1.0 milli-electron volts and coupling strength greater than 10$^-6$ GeV$^-1$ using optical photons. This was a photon regeneration experiment using the "light shining through a wall" technique in which laser light was passed through a strong magnetic field upstream of an optical beam dump; regenerated laser light was then searched for downstream of a second magnetic field region optically shielded from the former. Our results show no evidence for scalar coupling in this region of parameter space., Comment: pdf-file, 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters

A MEMS-first fabrication process for integrating CMOS circuits with polysilicon micromechanical structures is described in detail. The overall process uses 18 masks (22 lithography steps) to merge a p-well LOCOS CMOS process that has one metal and two polysilicon layers with a surface micromachining process that has three layers of polysilicon. The microstructures are formed within recesses on the surface of silicon wafers such that their uppermost surfaces are coplanar with the remainder of the substrate. No special planarization technique, such as chemical-mechanical polishing, is used in the work described here. Special aspects of the process include provisions to improve lithography within the recesses, to protect the microstructures during the circuit fabrication, and to implement an effective lead transfer between the microstructures and the on-chip circuitry. The process is validated using a test vehicle that includes accelerometers and gyroscopes interfaced with sensing circuits. Measured transistor parameters match those obtained in standard CMOS, with NMOS and PMOS thresholds at 0.76??V and -0.96??V, respectively.

The PVLAS collaboration has observed rotation of the plane of polarization of light passing through a magnetic field in vacuum and has proposed that the effect is due to interaction of photons with very light spin-zero bosons. This would represent new physics beyond the Standard Model, and hence it is of high interest to test this hypothesis. We describe a proposed test of the PVLAS result, and ways of producing, detecting, and studying such bosons with light in the optical frequency range. Novel features include methods for measurements of boson mass, interaction strengths, and decay- or oscillation-lengths with techniques not available in the x-ray region., Comment: Four pages, four EPS figures, uses REVTeX4. Modifications: Clarification on mass measurement. Clarification on the applicability of Eqn. 3. Minor typos fixed. Text revised to be more relevant to the LIPSS proposal at Jefferson Lab, and Jefferson Lab authors added

The PVLAS collaboration has observed rotation of the plane of polarization of light passing through a magnetic field in vacuum and has proposed that the effect is due to interaction of photons with very light spin-zero bosons. This would represent new physics beyond the Standard Model, and hence it is of high interest to test this hypothesis. We describe a proposed test of the PVLAS result, and ways of producing, detecting, and studying such bosons with light in the optical frequency range. Novel features include methods for measurements of boson mass, interaction strengths, and decay- or oscillation-lengths with techniques not available in the x-ray region., Comment: Four pages, four EPS figures, uses REVTeX4. Modifications: Clarification on mass measurement. Clarification on the applicability of Eqn. 3. Minor typos fixed. Text revised to be more relevant to the LIPSS proposal at Jefferson Lab, and Jefferson Lab authors added

The views expressed in this thesis are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government., Today's surface ships are faced with an increased vulnerability to anti-ship cruise missiles, due to a change from operating in open oceans to primarily operating in the world's littorals. One possible solution to counter this threat is the use of a high-energy laser to destroy the missiles in flight. The Free Electron Laser is possibly the best choice of lasers for a marine environment since its wavelength can be changed over a wide range allowing the operator to choose the best wavelength to transmit through the atmosphere. Material damage studies on various anti-ship cruise missile materials were carried out at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) in Newport News, Virginia. Experimental procedures presented in this report allow a scaled down laser of a few hundred to a few thousand watts to evaluate the damage from a weapon size laser of the megawatt class. The EEL beam bombards the target with a steady stream of picosecond length pulses at rates of 18MHz or greater. No other experiments have previously been done to explore the effects of the EEL pulse on materials. This report contains the work of several theses conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School over the past two years, and has been a productive cooperation among NPS, TJNAF, NRL, and NSWD at Port Hueneme, to the benefit of the Department of Defense., Prepared for: Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000, N0001401WR30407., Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Today's surface ships are faced with an increased vulnerability to anti-ship cruise missiles, due to a change from operating in open oceans to primarily operating in the world's littorals. One possible solution to counter this threat is the use of a high-energy laser to destroy the missiles in flight. The Free Electron Laser is possibly the best choice of lasers for a marine environment since its wavelength can be changed over a wide range allowing the operator to choose the best wavelength to transmit through the atmosphere. Material damage studies on various anti-ship cruise missile materials were carried out at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) in Newport News, Virginia. Experimental procedures presented in this report allow a scaled down laser of a few hundred to a few thousand watts to evaluate the damage from a weapon size laser of the megawatt class. The EEL beam bombards the target with a steady stream of picosecond length pulses at rates of 18MHz or greater. No other experiments have previously been done to explore the effects of the EEL pulse on materials. This report contains the work of several theses conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School over the past two years, and has been a productive cooperation among NPS, TJNAF, NRL, and NSWD at Port Hueneme, to the benefit of the Department of Defense.

Previously we presented a design for a kilowatt demonstration industrial UVFEL [1]. Progress has been made in resolving several design issues identified in that work. More exact simulations of the injector have resulted in a better estimate of the injector performance. A more compact lattice has been designed meeting the design requirements for the UV FEL, and a new design point has been studied which greatly increases the threshold for longitudinal instabilities. A stability analysis of the RF control system has found that only minor modifications from the existing CEBAF controls will be necessary to allow them to be used with a high current, energy- recovery accelerator. Designs for the optical cavity length and figure control systems have been conceptualized and a model of the corner-cube resonator is being built and tested. Finally, three- dimensional simulations of the FEL have been carried out which show that the laser should exceed its minimum design goals for average power

Previously we presented a design for a kiloWatt demonstration industrial UV FEL. Progress has been made in resolving several design issues identified in that work. More exact simulations of the injector have resulted in a better estimate of the injector performance. A more compact lattice has been designed meeting the design requirements for the UV FEL, and a new design point has been studied which greatly increases the threshold for longitudinal instabilities. A stability analysis of the RF control system has found that only minor modifications from existing CEBAF controls will be necessary to allow them to be used with a high-current, energy-recovery accelerator. Designs for the optical cavity length and figure systems have been conceptualized and a model of the corner-cube resonator is being built and tested. Finally, three-dimensional simulations of the FEL have been carried out which show that the laser should exceed its minimum design goals for average power.

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