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n the forensic topography expert activity, it has been found that the number of tools available for topographic fixation and the material elements of evidence are not sufficient. Therefore, minimal elements, such as tape measure, camera and distance meter, are used to give the best possible response to the judicial bodies. To optimize these minimum elements, photogrammetry can be used, a technique that allows to know the dimensions and position of objects in space through the intersection of two or more photographs. Through descriptive research with a mixed approach, an academic event on forensic photogrammetry was designed for professional technicians in forensic topography or uniformed/non-uniformed personnel performing forensic topography functions, with the aim of strengthening the expert activity. The main result identified was that photogrammetry is a technique little used by the expert community. Therefore, it is concluded that conceptual and theoretical updates should be developed by the School of Criminal Investigation to strengthen field activities and improve contributions to the administration of justice., En la actividad pericial de topografía forense, se ha encontrado que la cantidad de herramientas disponibles para la fijación topográfica y los elementos materiales de prueba no son suficientes. Por lo tanto, se recurre a elementos mínimos, como cinta métrica, cámara fotográfica y distanciómetro, para dar la mejor respuesta posible a los organismos judiciales. Para optimizar estos elementos mínimos, se puede utilizar la fotogrametría, una técnica que permite conocer las dimensiones y la posición de los objetos en el espacio mediante la intersección de dos o más fotografías. A través de una investigación descriptiva con enfoque mixto, se diseñó un evento académico de fotogrametría forense dirigido a técnicos profesionales en topografía forense o personal uniformado/no uniformado que realice funciones de topografía forense, con el objetivo de fortalecer la actividad pericial. Se identificó como resultado principal que la fotogrametría es una técnica poco utilizada por la comunidad de peritos. Por lo tanto, se concluye que se deben desarrollar actualizaciones conceptuales y teóricas por parte de la Escuela de Investigación Criminal para fortalecer las actividades en campo y mejorar los aportes a la administración de justicia.

A novel formulation and training procedure for full Boltzmann machines in terms of a mixed binary quadratic feasibility problem is given. As a proof of concept, the theory is analytically and numerically tested on XOR patterns.

PurposeThe Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System (Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Sylmar, CA) was developed to restore some vision to patients blind as a result of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or outer retinal degeneration. A clinical trial was initiated in 2006 to study the long-term safety and efficacy of the Argus II System in patients with bare or no light perception resulting from end-stage RP.DesignProspective, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial. Within-patient controls included the nonimplanted fellow eye and patients' native residual vision compared with their vision with the Argus II.ParticipantsThirty participants in 10 centers in the United States and Europe.MethodsThe worse-seeing eye of blind patients was implanted with the Argus II. Patients wore glasses mounted with a small camera and a video processor that converted images into stimulation patterns sent to the electrode array on the retina.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were safety (the number, seriousness, and relatedness of adverse events) and visual function, as measured by 3 computer-based, objective tests. Secondary measures included functional vision performance on objectively scored real-world tasks.ResultsTwenty-four of 30 patients remained implanted with functioning Argus II Systems at 5 years after implantation. Only 1 additional serious adverse event was experienced after the 3-year time point. Patients performed significantly better with the Argus II on than off on all visual function tests and functional vision tasks.ConclusionsThe 5-year results of the Argus II trial support the long-term safety profile and benefit of the Argus II System for patients blind as a result of RP. The Argus II is the first and only retinal implant to have market approval in the European Economic Area, the United States, and Canada.