Search

A non-zero $\mathbb{F}$-linear map from a finite-dimensional commutative $\mathbb{F}$-algebra to $\mathbb{F}$ is called an $\mathbb{F}$-valued trace if its kernel does not contain any non-zero ideals. In this article, we utilize an $\mathbb{F}_2$-valued trace of the $\mathbb{F}_2$-algebra $\mathcal{R}_2:=\mathbb{F}_2[x]/\langle x^3-x\rangle$ to study binary subfield code $\mathcal{C}_D^{(2)}$ of $\mathcal{C}_D:=\{\left(x\cdot d\right)_{d\in D}: x\in \mathcal{R}_2^m\}$ for each defining set $D$ derived from a certain simplicial complex. For $m\in \mathbb{N}$ and $X\subseteq \{1, 2, \dots, m\}$, define $\Delta_X:=\{v\in \mathbb{F}_2^m: \Supp(v)\subseteq X\}$ and $D:=(1+u^2)D_1+u^2D_2+(u+u^2)D_3,$ a subset of $\mathcal{R}_2^m,$ where $u=x+\langle x^3-x\rangle, D_1\in \{\Delta_L, \Delta_L^c\},\, D_2\in \{\Delta_M, \Delta_M^c\}$ and $ D_3\in \{\Delta_N, \Delta_N^c\}$, for $L, M, N\subseteq \{1, 2, \dots, m\}.$ The parameters and the Hamming weight distribution of the binary subfield code $\mathcal{C}_D^{(2)}$ of $\mathcal{C}_D$ are determined for each $D.$ These binary subfield codes are minimal under certain mild conditions on the cardinalities of $L, M$ and $N$. Moreover, most of these codes are distance-optimal. Consequently, we obtain a few infinite families of minimal, self-orthogonal and distance-optimal binary linear codes that are either $2$-weight or $4$-weight. It is worth mentioning that we have obtained several new distance-optimal binary linear codes.

Aim of study: To determine the amount of diversity in pea breeding materials with the objective to classify a set of potential parents carrying novel/economic variations that could be used in future breed pea varieties. Area of study: ICAR–Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi. Material and methods: A total of 45 pea accessions were analysed for phenotypic and molecular diversity using 17 agro-morphological traits and 52 SSR markers. Main results: All traits under investigation showed considerable genetic variation. The genotypes exhibited 6.7, 2.7 and 12-fold variation for traits viz., pods/plant, 10-pod weight and yield/plant, respectively. Among 52 SSR markers, 22 were found to be polymorphic. A total of 90 allelic variants were detected, with an average of 2.7 alleles/locus. PIC and D-values for markers AA135 (0.79 and 0.81) and PSMPSAD51 (0.7 and 0.74) were the highest, while AB40 (0.19 and 0.2) had the lowest. Two principal components PC1 and PC2 explained 46.96 and 23.96% of total variation, respectively. The clustering based on agro-morphological traits differentiated 45 individuals into three mega clusters, while SSR markers-based clustering classified these accessions into four groups. Research highlights: Based on their uniqueness, we identified a set of genotypes (VRPD-2, VRPD-3, PC-531, ‘Kashi Nandini’, ‘Kashi Udai’, ‘Kashi Mukti’, ‘Arkel’, VRPE-101, ‘Azad Pea-3’, EC865944, VRPM-901 and VRP-500) harbouring genes for various economic traits. The findings presented here will be extremely useful to breeders who are working on improvement of peas through selective introgression breeding.

In this article, we construct linear codes over the commutative non-unital ring $I$ of size four. We obtain their Lee-weight distributions and study their binary Gray images. Under certain mild conditions, these classes of binary codes are minimal and self-orthogonal. All codes in this article are few-weight codes. Besides, an infinite class of these binary codes consists of distance optimal codes with respect to the Griesmer bound., Comment: 16 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2304.06758, 2211.15747

There are exactly two non-commutative rings of size $4$, namely, $E = \langle a, b ~\vert ~ 2a = 2b = 0, a^2 = a, b^2 = b, ab= a, ba = b\rangle$ and its opposite ring $F$. These rings are non-unital. A subset $D$ of $E^m$ is defined with the help of simplicial complexes, and utilized to construct linear left-$E$-codes $C^L_D=\{(v\cdot d)_{d\in D} : v\in E^m\}$ and right-$E$-codes $C^R_D=\{(d\cdot v)_{d\in D} : v\in E^m\}$. We study their corresponding binary codes obtained via a Gray map. The weight distributions of all these codes are computed. We achieve a couple of infinite families of optimal codes with respect to the Griesmer bound. Ashikhmin-Barg's condition for minimality of a linear code is satisfied by most of the binary codes we constructed here. All the binary codes in this article are few-weight codes, and self-orthogonal codes under certain mild conditions. This is the first attempt to study the structure of linear codes over non-unital non-commutative rings using simplicial complexes., Comment: 20 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with 2211.15747

In this manuscript, we work over the non-chain ring $\mathcal{R} = \mathbb{F}_2[u]/\langle u^3 - u\rangle $. Let $m\in \mathbb{N}$ and let $L, M, N \subseteq [m]:=\{1, 2, \dots, m\}$. For $X\subseteq [m]$, define $\Delta_X:=\{v \in \mathbb{F}_2^m : \textnormal{Supp}(v)\subseteq X\}$ and $D:= (1+u^2)D_1 + u^2D_2 + (u+u^2)D_3$, an ordered finite multiset consisting of elements from $\mathcal{R}^m$, where $D_1\in \{\Delta_L, \Delta_L^c\}, D_2\in \{\Delta_M, \Delta_M^c\}, D_3\in \{\Delta_N, \Delta_N^c\}$. The linear code $C_D$ over $\mathcal{R}$ defined by $\{\big(v\cdot d\big)_{d\in D} : v \in \mathcal{R}^m \}$ is studied for each $D$. Further, we also consider simplicial complexes with two maximal elements in the above work. We study their binary Gray images and the binary subfield-like codes corresponding to a certain $\mathbb{F}_{2}$-functional of $\mathcal{R}$. Sufficient conditions for these binary linear codes to be minimal and self-orthogonal are obtained in each case. Besides, we produce an infinite family of optimal codes with respect to the Griesmer bound. Most of the codes obtained in this manuscript are few-weight codes., Comment: 31 pages

A $(t,m)$-threshold secret sharing and multisecret-sharing scheme based on Shamir's SSS are introduced with two-level security using a one-way function. Besides we give its application in smart contract-enabled consortium blockchain network. The proposed scheme is thoroughly examined in terms of security and efficiency. Privacy, security, integrity, and scalability are also analyzed while applying it to the blockchain network., Comment: 16 pages

Certain simplicial complexes are used to construct a subset $D$ of $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}^m$ and $D$, in turn, defines the linear code $C_{D}$ over $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ that consists of $(v\cdot d)_{d\in D}$ for $v\in \mathbb{F}_{2^n}^m$. Here we deal with the case $n=3$, that is, when $C_{D}$ is an octanary code. We establish a relation between $C_{D}$ and its binary subfield code $C_{D}^{(2)}$ with the help of a generator matrix. For a given length and dimension, a code is called distance optimal if it has the highest possible distance. With respect to the Griesmer bound, five infinite families of distance optimal codes are obtained, and sufficient conditions for certain linear codes to be minimal are established.

The non-availability of a standardized scale to measure the farmers’ knowledge level influenced the researchers to construct a test for measuring the knowledge on recommended groundnut production package of practices. Pertinent items were collected covering all aspects from the crop production guide developed by the Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. After getting jury opinion on the items, test index of item difficulty, index of item discrimination and point biserial correlation for the items were worked out. All these were taken in to account to arrive at the final scale. While administrating the knowledge test a respondent was given one mark for each correct answer and zero for wrong answer. Eleven (11) items were finally selected from a total of fifty five (55) items.

The non-availability of a standardized scale to measure the farmers’ knowledge level influenced the researchers to construct a test for measuring the knowledge on recommended groundnut production package of practices. Pertinent items were collected covering all aspects from the crop production guide developed by the Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Tamil Nadu & Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. After getting jury opinion on the items, test index of item difficulty, index of item discrimination and point biserial correlation for the items were worked out. All these were taken in to account to arrive at the final scale. While administrating the knowledge test a respondent was given one mark for each correct answer and zero for wrong answer. Eleven (11) items were finally selected from a total of fifty five (55) items.

Ajeet Kaushik,1 Adriana Yndart,1 Rahul Dev Jayant,1 Vidya Sagar,1 Venkata Atluri,1 Shekhar Bhansali,2 Madhavan Nair11Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immun­ology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 2BioMEMS Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA Abstract: A novel electrochemical sensing method was devised for the first time to detect plasma cortisol, a potential psychological stress biomarker, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive subjects. A miniaturized potentiostat (reconfigured LMP91000 chip) interfaced with a microfluidic manifold containing a cortisol immunosensor was employed to demonstrate electrochemical cortisol sensing. This fully integrated and optimized electrochemical sensing device exhibited a wide cortisol-detection range from 10 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL, a low detection limit of 10 pg/mL, and sensitivity of 5.8 µA (pg mL)-1, with a regression coefficient of 0.995. This cortisol-selective sensing system was employed to estimate plasma cortisol in ten samples from HIV patients. The electrochemical cortisol-sensing performance was validated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results obtained using both methodologies were comparable within 2%–5% variation. The information related to psychological stress of HIV patients can be correlated with disease-progression parameters to optimize diagnosis, therapeutic, and personalized health monitoring.Keywords: psychological stress, personalized health care, cortisol, HIV, electrochemical immunosensing, miniaturized sensing device

Rahul Dev Jayant, Venkata SR Atluri, Marisela Agudelo, Vidya Sagar, Ajeet Kaushik, Madhavan Nair Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA Abstract: A novel approach was developed for the coencapsulation of an anti-HIV drug (tenofovir) and a latency-breaking agent (vorinostat), using magnetically guided layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled nanocarriers for the treatment of neuroAIDS. Ultrasmall iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (10±3 nm) were synthesized and characterized. The LbL technique was used to achieve a sustained release profile, and application of 2 bilayers ([tenofovir+dextran sulphate]2+vorinostat) to magnetic nanoparticles resulted in a 2.8 times increase in drug (tenofovir) loading and also resulted in an increase in the drug release period by 30-fold, with 100% drug release in sustained manner over a period of 5 days with the simultaneous stimulation of latent HIV expression. Nanoformulation showed a good blood–brain barrier transmigration ability (37.95%±1.5%) with good in vitro antiviral efficacy (~33% reduction of p24 level) over a period of 5 days after HIV infection in primary human astrocytes, with good cell viability (>90%). Hence, LbL arrangements of drugs on magnetic nanoparticles provides sustained release and, therefore, may improve the patient’s adherence to therapy and lead to better compliance. Keywords: layer-by-layer, magnetic nanocarriers, blood–brain barriers, neuroAIDS, sustained release, anti-HIV drug, latency

Ajeet Kaushik,1 Adriana Yndart,1 Rahul Dev Jayant,1 Vidya Sagar,1 Venkata Atluri,1 Shekhar Bhansali,2 Madhavan Nair11Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immun­ology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 2BioMEMS Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA Abstract: A novel electrochemical sensing method was devised for the first time to detect plasma cortisol, a potential psychological stress biomarker, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive subjects. A miniaturized potentiostat (reconfigured LMP91000 chip) interfaced with a microfluidic manifold containing a cortisol immunosensor was employed to demonstrate electrochemical cortisol sensing. This fully integrated and optimized electrochemical sensing device exhibited a wide cortisol-detection range from 10 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL, a low detection limit of 10 pg/mL, and sensitivity of 5.8 µA (pg mL)-1, with a regression coefficient of 0.995. This cortisol-selective sensing system was employed to estimate plasma cortisol in ten samples from HIV patients. The electrochemical cortisol-sensing performance was validated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results obtained using both methodologies were comparable within 2%–5% variation. The information related to psychological stress of HIV patients can be correlated with disease-progression parameters to optimize diagnosis, therapeutic, and personalized health monitoring.Keywords: psychological stress, personalized health care, cortisol, HIV, electrochemical immunosensing, miniaturized sensing device

Rahul Dev Jayant, Venkata SR Atluri, Marisela Agudelo, Vidya Sagar, Ajeet Kaushik, Madhavan Nair Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA Abstract: A novel approach was developed for the coencapsulation of an anti-HIV drug (tenofovir) and a latency-breaking agent (vorinostat), using magnetically guided layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled nanocarriers for the treatment of neuroAIDS. Ultrasmall iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (10±3 nm) were synthesized and characterized. The LbL technique was used to achieve a sustained release profile, and application of 2 bilayers ([tenofovir+dextran sulphate]2+vorinostat) to magnetic nanoparticles resulted in a 2.8 times increase in drug (tenofovir) loading and also resulted in an increase in the drug release period by 30-fold, with 100% drug release in sustained manner over a period of 5 days with the simultaneous stimulation of latent HIV expression. Nanoformulation showed a good blood–brain barrier transmigration ability (37.95%±1.5%) with good in vitro antiviral efficacy (~33% reduction of p24 level) over a period of 5 days after HIV infection in primary human astrocytes, with good cell viability (>90%). Hence, LbL arrangements of drugs on magnetic nanoparticles provides sustained release and, therefore, may improve the patient’s adherence to therapy and lead to better compliance. Keywords: layer-by-layer, magnetic nanocarriers, blood–brain barriers, neuroAIDS, sustained release, anti-HIV drug, latency

The advent of 5G networking technologies has increased the expectations from mobile devices, in that, more sophisticated, computationally intense applications are expected to be delivered on the mobile device which are themselves getting smaller and sleeker. This predicates a need for offloading computationally intense parts of the applications to a resource strong cloud. Parallely, in the wireless networking world, the trend has shifted to multi-radio (as opposed to multi-channel) enabled communications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive computation offloading solution that uses the multiple radio links available for associated data transfer, optimally. Our contributions include: a comprehensive model for the energy consumption from the perspective of the mobile device; the formulation of the joint optimization problem to minimize the energy consumed as well as allocating the associated data transfer optimally through the available radio links and an iterative algorithm that converges to a locally optimal solution. Simulations on an HTC phone, running a 14-component application and using the Amazon EC2 as the cloud, show that the solution obtained through the iterative algorithm consumes only 3% more energy than the optimal solution (obtained via exhaustive search)., Comment: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC2015)

Brain is one of the safe sanctuaries for HIV and, in turn, continuously supplies active viruses to the periphery. Additionally, HIV infection in brain results in several mild-to-severe neuro-immunological complications termed neuroAIDS. One-tenth of HIV-infected population is addicted to recreational drugs such as opiates, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, etc. which share common target-areas in the brain with HIV. Interestingly, intensity of neuropathogenesis is remarkably enhanced due to exposure of recreational drugs during HIV infection. Current treatments to alleviate either the individual or synergistic effects of abusive drugs and HIV on neuronal modulations are less effective at CNS level, basically due to impermeability of therapeutic molecules across blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite exciting advancement of nanotechnology in drug delivery, existing nanovehicles such as dendrimers, polymers, micelles, etc. suffer from the lack of adequate BBB penetrability before the drugs are engulfed by the reticuloendothelial system cells as well as the uncertainty that if and when the nanocarrier reaches the brain. Therefore, in order to develop a fast, target-specific, safe, and effective approach for brain delivery of anti-addiction, anti-viral and neuroprotective drugs, we exploited the potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which, in recent years, has attracted significant importance in biomedical applications. We hypothesize that under the influence of external (non-invasive) magnetic force, MNPs can deliver these drugs across BBB in most effective manner. Accordingly, in this dissertation, I delineated the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of MNPs bound anti-opioid, anti-HIV and neuroprotective drugs for delivery in brain. I have developed a liposome-based novel magnetized nanovehicle which, under the influence of external magnetic forces, can transmigrate and effectively deliver drugs across BBB without compromising its integrity. It is expected that the developed n

Brain is one of the safe sanctuaries for HIV and, in turn, continuously supplies active viruses to the periphery. Additionally, HIV infection in brain results in several mild-to-severe neuro-immunological complications termed neuroAIDS. One-tenth of HIV-infected population is addicted to recreational drugs such as opiates, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, etc. which share common target-areas in the brain with HIV. Interestingly, intensity of neuropathogenesis is remarkably enhanced due to exposure of recreational drugs during HIV infection. Current treatments to alleviate either the individual or synergistic effects of abusive drugs and HIV on neuronal modulations are less effective at CNS level, basically due to impermeability of therapeutic molecules across blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite exciting advancement of nanotechnology in drug delivery, existing nanovehicles such as dendrimers, polymers, micelles, etc. suffer from the lack of adequate BBB penetrability before the drugs are engulfed by the reticuloendothelial system cells as well as the uncertainty that if and when the nanocarrier reaches the brain. Therefore, in order to develop a fast, target-specific, safe, and effective approach for brain delivery of anti-addiction, anti-viral and neuroprotective drugs, we exploited the potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which, in recent years, has attracted significant importance in biomedical applications. We hypothesize that under the influence of external (non-invasive) magnetic force, MNPs can deliver these drugs across BBB in most effective manner. Accordingly, in this dissertation, I delineated the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of MNPs bound anti-opioid, anti-HIV and neuroprotective drugs for delivery in brain. I have developed a liposome-based novel magnetized nanovehicle which, under the influence of external magnetic forces, can transmigrate and effectively deliver drugs across BBB without compromising its integrity. It is expected that the developed n

Brain is one of the safe sanctuaries for HIV and, in turn, continuously supplies active viruses to the periphery. Additionally, HIV infection in brain results in several mild-to-severe neuro-immunological complications termed neuroAIDS. One-tenth of HIV-infected population is addicted to recreational drugs such as opiates, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, etc. which share common target-areas in the brain with HIV. Interestingly, intensity of neuropathogenesis is remarkably enhanced due to exposure of recreational drugs during HIV infection. Current treatments to alleviate either the individual or synergistic effects of abusive drugs and HIV on neuronal modulations are less effective at CNS level, basically due to impermeability of therapeutic molecules across blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite exciting advancement of nanotechnology in drug delivery, existing nanovehicles such as dendrimers, polymers, micelles, etc. suffer from the lack of adequate BBB penetrability before the drugs are engulfed by the reticuloendothelial system cells as well as the uncertainty that if and when the nanocarrier reaches the brain. Therefore, in order to develop a fast, target-specific, safe, and effective approach for brain delivery of anti-addiction, anti-viral and neuroprotective drugs, we exploited the potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which, in recent years, has attracted significant importance in biomedical applications. We hypothesize that under the influence of external (non-invasive) magnetic force, MNPs can deliver these drugs across BBB in most effective manner. Accordingly, in this dissertation, I delineated the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of MNPs bound anti-opioid, anti-HIV and neuroprotective drugs for delivery in brain. I have developed a liposome-based novel magnetized nanovehicle which, under the influence of external magnetic forces, can transmigrate and effectively deliver drugs across BBB without compromising its integrity. It is expected that the developed n